Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 单元检测卷 -【上好课】2024-2025学年高一英语同步精品课堂（译林版2020必修第三册）

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元测试卷 （满分：120分 时间：100分钟） 第I卷 选择题 一、阅读理解（每题2.5分，共50分） A ORDER NOW! Drone X Pro is a compact,easy-to-use drone with HD(高清) quality images.It is the fastest drone of its size,flying at a speed of up to 12 meters per second with a top transmission distance of 2 km.It has all of the features need to satisfy the pros,but it is extremely simple to fly and control,even for DRONE X PRO complete beginners. Foldable Drone The propeller(螺旋桨)fold inwards to make the drone easier to carry and better protected during transit. HD Photos and Video Record video in HD at 120 frames per second and take photos up to 12 megapixels(百万像素) Increased Flying Time Fly and film for up to 12 minutes without having to touch the ground or change batteries Gravity Sensor Sensors detect the ground and other obstacles and change the flying course automatically to avoid collision(碰撞)。 Slo-mo Mode Replay the highlights of your epic adventures in high-definition slow motion Panorama Mode(全景模式) Capture 360 degree photos from the air with just one click of a button CHOOSE YOUR PACK 1 DRONEX PRO 2 DRONEX PRO (best seller) WITH 1 FREE 3 DRONEX PRO WITH2 FREE ￥689 total ￥V 1,370 total YOU SAVE ￥682 ￥2,066 total YOU SAVE ￥1,363 SELECT +Free Shipping SELECT +Free Shipping SELECT +Free Shipping 1．Gravity sensors help the drones A．fly safely B．move smoothly C．land slowly D．turn quickly 2．What do we learn about Drone X Pro? A．It is heavy. B．It can’t be seen. C．It is portable. D．It can carry people. 3．Who does Drone X Pro mostly appeal to? A．Engineers. B．Doctors C．Photographers. D．Cyclists. B When photographer Simon Czapp took pictures of a curious five-month-old fox, he soon realized this little fox was attracted by his subject. The clever fox was so curious about the camera equipment that she climbed on top of it. And while she was supposed to be the subject of the shoot, the fox stood on the shutter release button (快门按钮) and took her own frames. Mr. Czapp visited the New Forest Wildlife Park to capture images of new arrival Jessie. Jessie is a lovely little fox. She has been at the animal park in Ashurst, Hampshire—home to wolves, deer and others in 25 acres of ancient woodland after being abandoned by her mother. Mr. Czapp said, “Jessie was very playful and curious and not shy at all in front of the camera. Soon after I arrived she was chewing my shoes and everything seemed to be a game to her. Then she started exploring the camera I had set up on a tripod (三脚架). She stood on her back legs to look at the back of the camera. She balanced her front paws on it and at one point knocked it over. ” He put the camera back on the tripod and Jessie soon jumped back up. At one point she had all four paws on the camera and was keeping her balance. Mr. Czapp added, “She jumped up there several times and I realized it could make a good picture. As I was leaving away with the public’s viewing window (取景窗) behind me, I thought I heard the camera go off but didn’t think much of it. However, when I checked the memory card afterwards, I was amazed to see Jessie had actually taken two frames of me photographing her. I couldn’t believe I had been outfoxed (智取) by a fox! There were some lovely photos of her but she obviously thought the photographer was worthy of a picture too! ” 4．The underlined word “frames” in Para. 1 refers to _______. A．photographers B．pictures C．equipments D．subjects 5．Which of the following is the right order in which Jessie took photos of Mr. Czapp? a. Jessie pressed the shutter release button, taking her own pictures. b. Jessie balanced her paws on the camera. c. Mr. Czapp set up his camera on a tripod. d. Jessie stood up to look at the back of the camera. A．c, d, b, a B．a, c, d, b C．d, c, b, a D．b, a, c, d 6．Which of the following best describes Jessie? A．Naughty but lovely. B．Clever but annoying. C．Careful and grateful. D．Quick but rude. 7．What’ s the main idea of the passage? A．Wildlife photographers took photos of wild animals. B．Clever fox took pictures of professional photographer. C．Mr. Czapp showed the fox how to take photos. D．Wild animals enjoy equal rights with humans. C The most commonly known use for ultrasound—high-frequency sound waves human ears can’t hear— is examining a fetus (胎儿) as a medical device during pregnancy. But there are plenty of other uses. Many offices have occupancy sensors that use ultrasound to detect movements and keep the lights on when someone is in the space, and off when nobody is around. These sensors operate at frequencies such as 32 kilohertz, far above what the human ears can hear——which is a range from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. Other products use ultrasound to deliver targeted sound, for instance allowing a museum to play a recording for visitors in one area of an exhibit without disturbing others nearby. Electronic repellents (驱虫剂) use ultrasound to keep rodents or insects at bay. A similar product can even be used to disperse (驱散) teenagers; aging tends to reduce people’s ability to hear higher frequency sounds, so a noisemaker can annoy kids without adults even noticing. This has also let teens create smartphone ringtones their elders can’t hear. Airborne ultrasound is not inherently (固有地) bad. But things can go wrong. A former colleague of Kevin’s used to hear strange sounds from his hearing aid when in rooms with occupancy sensors, likely because the hearing aid’s electronics improperly converted the ultrasound into audible noise. The noise was annoying, but not harmful. A similar problem tainted the research of one of our students, conducted in a room that, unbeknownst to him, had an ultrasonic room occupancy sensor in the ceiling. One of us has conducted research in which carefully crafted ultrasonic signals secretly activate voice-control systems, even unlocking an iPhone with a silent “Hey, Siri” command, and telling it to make a FaceTime call. Sound can also affect the physical world, as when a singer shatters a wine glass. Micro-electrical mechanical sensing chips—such as accelerometers used in car airbag systems and smartphones, and gyroscopes in drones—are susceptible to the same interference. Those systems can be attacked with sounds, crashing a drone mid-flight, or fooling a smartphone about whether it’s moving. It’s well-known that sounds that are too loud can damage people’s ears and hearing. However, there’s little evidence of ultrasound causing bodily harm without prolonged, direct physical contact at high intensity. If you are accidentally subjected to extremely intense ultrasound (such as when holding an ultrasonic arc welder), you could experience an annoyance like a headache or a temporary loss of balance. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration warns of potential health risks from audible subharmonic by-products of ultrasound, so more than the ultrasound itself. 8．According to the passage, what happens as people get older? A．They can hear sounds of frequency of 32 kilohertz. B．They can hear sounds of frequencies which are lower than 20 hertz. C．Their ears become duller and even completely deaf to high-frequency sounds. D．They can hear noise that annoys a large number of kids. 9．What do Paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about? A．Electronic devices can perform human commands. B．Ultrasound has a clear effect on the physical world. C．Both ultrasound and human-audible sounds can affect electronics. D．The hearing aid’s electronics don’t change the ultrasound into audible noise. 10．What attitude do academics hold towards safe levels of airborne ultrasound? A．Optimistic. B．Worried. C．Confused. D．Reserved. 11．Which diagram correctly shows how the passage is developed? A． B． C． D． D Video games are most commonly associated with violence and aggression. They promote antisocial behavior in children. True, they are not outdoor games, but they are interactive. Here are some positive effects of video games. Games like Angry Birds and Cut the Rope have shown to be of help in improving problem-solving skills. Video games based on words or number puzzles have a similar effect. In 2008, researchers in the University of Washington created a game called Foldit, which let the players model a genetic make-up of proteins. The phase(相位）estimates made by high scoring players helped in the identification of the crystal structure (晶体结构）for a monkey virus related to AIDS. This breakthrough can largely result from the problem-solving skills exercised during the game play. Video games require players to plan their moves and take strategic decisions, which means planning right and taking necessary action at the right time. Playing video games is thus beneficial to improving planning and decision-making skills. According to a study from the University of Rochester, those who played action video games and computer games made decisions 25% faster than others. Adam Gazzaley from the University of California tried to show how video games improved multitasking skills. His experiments showed that playing a 3-D racing game could improve one’s ability to multitask. It has been found that expert gamers can pay attention to six different things at the same time as opposed to others who can attend to only four things at a time. Some video games help develop skills that are directly relevant to certain professions. Flight simulation games, for example, can be used for training pilots. From the results of Dr. Rosser’s experiment in 2007，it was astonishing to know that surgeons who played video games were faster in action and made fewer mistakes. Business simulation games help develop real business skills. A game like Zoo Tycoon gives the players an experience of managing a zoo. Games like America’s Army have been used to train the US army soldiers. If there is no restriction of the time for which children are allowed to play these games, they are bound to have a negative effect on children. If game playing lacks parental supervision, children might make the wrong choices and participate in violent games, or games not meant for children of their age. 12．Which of the following statements about video games is NOT true? A．They develop mathematical skills and reading abilities. B．They require players to receive information passively. C．They encourage antisocial elements and violence. D．They expose players to some real-life situations. 13．What is Angry Birds helpful for? A．Problem-solving. B．Decision-making. C．Multitasking. D．Emotion-developing. 14．What is used to show video games can help make decisions faster? A．The results of the University of Washington in 2008. B．The results of Dr. Rosser’s experiment in 2007. C．A study from the University of California. D．A study from the University of Rochester. 15．What do the effects of video games depend on from the last paragraph? A．Designers who created the video games. B．Types and the time for which they are played. C．The rules of the video games. D．Popularity of the video games among children. 七选五阅读 Pasteur discovered that bacteria (细菌) cause many diseases. 16 . He proved that diseases could be cured by stopping the spread of bacteria. How Pasteur helped industry Louis Pasteur was born in France in 1822. He studied physics and chemistry in Paris. The wine-making industry in France was in trouble during the mid-1800s 17 . Pasteur discovered that germs were getting into the wine and turning it sour. He found that heat killed these germs and prevented the wine from spoiling. Pasteur later applied his discovery to milk. His way of heating foods to kill bacteria is now called pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法). 18 . In the mid-1800s, a disease was killing off silkworms before they could spin silk threads. Pasteur showed that the disease was in the silkworm eggs and that getting rid of any infected eggs could keep the disease from spreading. 19 Pasteur then discovered how to make vaccines (疫苗) to protect people and animals against disease. He observed that animals infected with a disease sometimes became immune to the disease — that is, protected from getting the disease again. Pasteur found that he could weaken germs in his laboratory. When he put weakened germs into the bodies of animals, the animals became immune to the disease caused by the germs. Pasteur made a vaccine to protect sheep against a disease called anthrax. One of Pasteur’s most important discoveries was a vaccine against rabies (狂犬病). People can get this deadly disease 20 . In 1885, a mother begged Pasteur to treat her young son who had been badly bitten by a dog with rabies. The vaccine worked, and the boy lived. A．Anthrax and rabies B．How Pasteur prevented disease C．Pasteur became a national hero in France for saving the wine and silk industries D．because much of the wine was spoiling E．He showed that bacteria get into living things and then multiply F．Pasteur also helped the French silk industry G．if they are bitten by an animal infected with rabies 第II卷 非选择题 二、完形填空（每题1分，共15分） A 90-year-old driver is providing it’s never too late to pursue（追求）your dreams. Last year, Hershel McGriff became the 21 driver to compete in a NASCAR event when he raced at the Tucson Speedway in his home state of Arizona. McGriff has been 22 since he was a teenager. His first time behind the 23 came when he was just 17 years old after he read an ad in his local newspaper and was drawn to the 24 that comes with driving hundreds of miles per hour around a track, 25 for first place. "I borrowed my dad’s 1940 Hudson — an ugly car, and I got a couple of guys to help me," McGriff 26 his beginning in the sport. "I didn’t do very 27 .I think I finished 12th or 13th out of a bunch of cars. That got me started." His first win on the NASCAR circuit (联赛）came when he 28 in Mexico at the age of 22. McGriff went on 29 dozens of races, finally being 30 as one of NASCAR’s 50 Greatest Drivers. He retired from the sport at 74, but he never stopped his love for the track and decided to return to racing for a few special events that have made him famous in his hometown and 31 others to keep pursuing their dreams as well. McGriffs spot in the race was a gift for his 90th birthday from his son and long-time friend, team owner Bill McAnally. "Bill called me up on the phone and said, ‘For your 90th birthday, I will furnish the car. All you have to do is 32 it," McGriff said. "When he made the 33 , I was ready to accept McGriffs history-making race proves that you can pursue your dreams at any 34 , but for this young — at — heart racer, it was just a chance to get behind the wheel and 35 pursuing his passion. 21．A．oldest B．fastest C．kindest D．bravest 22．A．studying B．racing C．dreaming D．growing 23．A．screen B．camera C．seat D．wheel 24．A．excitement B．nervousness C．comfort D．honor 25．A．waiting B．searching C．preparing D．fighting 26．A．looked back on B．looked forward to C．looked up to D．looked down on 27．A．seriously B．carefully C．well D．soon 28．A．relaxed B．performed C．competed D．traveled 29．A．organizing B．winning C．entering D．losing 30．A．remembered B．introduced C．employed D．named 31．A．inspired B．required C．allowed D．forced 32．A．repair B．buy C．drive D．decorate 33．A．change B．offer C．comment D．design 34．A．cost B．speed C．place D．age 35．A．finish B．consider C．continue D．imagine 三、语法填空（每题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Working on the atomic bomb, Richard Feynman found that science represented the destruction and 36 put our future in danger, which was contrary to his knowledge of science when he was young. So he had a doubt 37 there was some evil 38 (involve) in science or not. In his lecture, the American scientist thinks that science has value in three ways. First, scientific knowledge 39 (make) us able to make all kinds of things. Second, it can offer us intellectual enjoyment. Third, it can provide scientist 40 a lot of experience, which is of great 41 (important) for scientists to progress, for they try to solve their ignorance, doubt and 42 (certain) in the process. At the end of his lecture, he hopes scientists take the 43 (responsible) of declaring the value of 44 (free), of teaching how doubt is to be 45 (welcome) and discussed and of ensuring the freedom for all generations to come. 四、应用文写作（本题15分） 假定你是李华，你对《纽约时报》（New York Time）上一则某外语培训中心招聘中文教师的广告非常感兴趣，请你就下列自荐理由的要点给该培训中心写一份自荐信。内容如下： 1. 母语是普通话 （Mandarin），能讲标准的普通话； 2. 英语学习多年掌握得很好； 3. 热爱教学，以前有教学经验； 4. 性格外向热情。 注意：1.词数80字左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 （外语培训中心：Foreign Language Training Center） Dear Sir or Madam, In answer to your advertisement in the New York Times, I would like to __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Once hired, I would be be very happy and I would devoted myself to the job. Your consideration about my application would be highly appreciated. Your sincerely, Li Hua 五、读后续写（本题25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 “Acknowledged, Detective. This is my...” He hung up and told the driverless UNATS Robotics car to get him down to the railway station as fast as it could, angry with himself and with Ada—whose middle name was Trouble, after all—for making him deal with a robot before he’d had his breakfast. The name had been his ex-wife’s idea, something that she’d insisted on. His ex-wife. He hadn’t thought of her in years. Well, months, weeks, certainly. She’d been a brilliant computer scientist at the UNATS Robotics school at the University of Toronto. Now she settled in her own research lab in Beijing, providing the kinds of software solutions for robot applications. He itched to wiretap her, to read her email or listen in on her phone conversations. He could have done that when they were still together, but he never had. If he had, he would have found out what she was planning. He could have talked her out of it. “And then what, Artie?” said the nagging voice in his head. He couldn’t stop her from chasing her own dream—making the smartest robot in the world, especially with their little daughter in her belly. “Shut up!”he told the nagging voice. Paragraph 1： In a few minutes, he was at the front gate of the railway station. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: There she was, standing by a teenage girl who has the same blue eyes as his. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元测试卷 （满分：120分 时间：100分钟） 第I卷 选择题 一、阅读理解（每题2.5分，共50分） A ORDER NOW! Drone X Pro is a compact,easy-to-use drone with HD(高清) quality images.It is the fastest drone of its size,flying at a speed of up to 12 meters per second with a top transmission distance of 2 km.It has all of the features need to satisfy the pros,but it is extremely simple to fly and control,even for DRONE X PRO complete beginners. Foldable Drone The propeller(螺旋桨)fold inwards to make the drone easier to carry and better protected during transit. HD Photos and Video Record video in HD at 120 frames per second and take photos up to 12 megapixels(百万像素) Increased Flying Time Fly and film for up to 12 minutes without having to touch the ground or change batteries Gravity Sensor Sensors detect the ground and other obstacles and change the flying course automatically to avoid collision(碰撞)。 Slo-mo Mode Replay the highlights of your epic adventures in high-definition slow motion Panorama Mode(全景模式) Capture 360 degree photos from the air with just one click of a button CHOOSE YOUR PACK 1 DRONEX PRO 2 DRONEX PRO (best seller) WITH 1 FREE 3 DRONEX PRO WITH2 FREE ￥689 total ￥V 1,370 total YOU SAVE ￥682 ￥2,066 total YOU SAVE ￥1,363 SELECT +Free Shipping SELECT +Free Shipping SELECT +Free Shipping 1．Gravity sensors help the drones A．fly safely B．move smoothly C．land slowly D．turn quickly 2．What do we learn about Drone X Pro? A．It is heavy. B．It can’t be seen. C．It is portable. D．It can carry people. 3．Who does Drone X Pro mostly appeal to? A．Engineers. B．Doctors C．Photographers. D．Cyclists. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍一款小型无人机，它具有方便易用，高清拍照录像，续航时间长，安全等特点并提供了价位。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Gravity Sensor--Sensors detect the ground and other obstacles and change the flying course automatically to avoid collision(碰撞)。重力感应器主要是用来探测障碍物，从而调整飞行轨迹以避免事故。”可知其主要目的就是保证飞行安全。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文中第1段“Drone X Pro is a compact,easy-to-use drone with HD(高清) quality images. Drone X Pro是一种小型的、易使用的带有高清摄像的无人机。”可知Drone X Pro是一种便携式的无人机。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文中第1段“It has all of the features need to satisfy the pros他具备满足专业人士的所有功能”，以及接下来文章中所列的特点如“Foldable Drone、HD Photos and Video、Increased Flying Time、Panorama Mode”，可知它最可能吸引摄影师的关注。故选C。 【点睛】推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义和隐含意义的过程。目的、意图、态度的推断就属于推理判断的一部分，根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度。如第3小题，问题为Drone X Pro最可能吸引谁的注意力，根据文中第1段“It has all of the features need to satisfy the pros他具备满足专业人士的所有功能”，以及接下来文章中所列的特点如“Foldable Drone、HD Photos and Video、Increased Flying Time、Panorama Mode”，可知它最可能吸引摄影师的关注。故C选项切题。 B When photographer Simon Czapp took pictures of a curious five-month-old fox, he soon realized this little fox was attracted by his subject. The clever fox was so curious about the camera equipment that she climbed on top of it. And while she was supposed to be the subject of the shoot, the fox stood on the shutter release button (快门按钮) and took her own frames. Mr. Czapp visited the New Forest Wildlife Park to capture images of new arrival Jessie. Jessie is a lovely little fox. She has been at the animal park in Ashurst, Hampshire—home to wolves, deer and others in 25 acres of ancient woodland after being abandoned by her mother. Mr. Czapp said, “Jessie was very playful and curious and not shy at all in front of the camera. Soon after I arrived she was chewing my shoes and everything seemed to be a game to her. Then she started exploring the camera I had set up on a tripod (三脚架). She stood on her back legs to look at the back of the camera. She balanced her front paws on it and at one point knocked it over. ” He put the camera back on the tripod and Jessie soon jumped back up. At one point she had all four paws on the camera and was keeping her balance. Mr. Czapp added, “She jumped up there several times and I realized it could make a good picture. As I was leaving away with the public’s viewing window (取景窗) behind me, I thought I heard the camera go off but didn’t think much of it. However, when I checked the memory card afterwards, I was amazed to see Jessie had actually taken two frames of me photographing her. I couldn’t believe I had been outfoxed (智取) by a fox! There were some lovely photos of her but she obviously thought the photographer was worthy of a picture too! ” 4．The underlined word “frames” in Para. 1 refers to _______. A．photographers B．pictures C．equipments D．subjects 5．Which of the following is the right order in which Jessie took photos of Mr. Czapp? a. Jessie pressed the shutter release button, taking her own pictures. b. Jessie balanced her paws on the camera. c. Mr. Czapp set up his camera on a tripod. d. Jessie stood up to look at the back of the camera. A．c, d, b, a B．a, c, d, b C．d, c, b, a D．b, a, c, d 6．Which of the following best describes Jessie? A．Naughty but lovely. B．Clever but annoying. C．Careful and grateful. D．Quick but rude. 7．What’ s the main idea of the passage? A．Wildlife photographers took photos of wild animals. B．Clever fox took pictures of professional photographer. C．Mr. Czapp showed the fox how to take photos. D．Wild animals enjoy equal rights with humans. 【答案】4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一名摄影师给一个五个月大的狐狸拍照的时候，狐狸对于相机的反应，竟然自己给自己拍了照片。聪明的狐狸也给专业摄影师拍了照。 4．词义猜测题。根据第一段中The clever fox was so curious about the camera equipment that she climbed on top of it. And while she was supposed to be the subject of the shoot, the fox stood on the shutter release button (快门按钮) and took her own frames. 这只聪明的狐狸对照相机很好奇，她爬到了上面。当她本应是拍摄对象时，狐狸站在快门按钮上，拍摄了自己的_______。可以看出狐狸站在快门按钮上给自己拍了照片照，因此猜测单词frames的意思是pictures照片。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段中Then she started exploring the camera I had set up on a tripod (三脚架). She stood on her back legs to look at the back of the camera. She balanced her front paws on it and at one point knocked it over. 然后她开始探索我放在三脚架上的相机。她用后腿站着看镜头的背面。她用前爪在它身上保持平衡，有一次把它撞倒了。可知描述顺序应该是set up on a tripod、stood up to look at the back of the camera、balanced her paws on the camera；再根据第一段中And while she was supposed to be the subject of the shoot, the fox stood on the shutter release button (快门按钮) and took her own frames. 这只聪明的狐狸对照相机很好奇，她爬到了上面。当她本应是拍摄对象时，狐狸站在快门按钮上，拍摄了自己的照片。可以看出最后是pressed the shutter release button。故选A项。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中Jessie is a lovely little fox. 杰西是一只可爱的小狐狸。以及第三段中Jessie was very playful and curious and not shy at all in front of the camera. Soon after I arrived she was chewing my shoes and everything seemed to be a game to her. 杰西非常顽皮、好奇，在镜头前一点也不害羞。我刚到不久，她就开始嚼我的鞋，对她来说，一切都像是一场游戏。由此判断出，小狐狸淘气但是可爱。故选A项。 7．主旨大意题。根据第一段中When photographer Simon Czapp took pictures of a curious five-month-old fox, he soon realized this little fox was attracted by his subject. 当摄影师西蒙·扎普给一只五个月大的好奇的狐狸拍照时，他很快就意识到这只小狐狸被他的拍摄对象吸引住了。以及最后一段中However, when I checked the memory card afterwards, I was amazed to see Jessie had actually taken two frames of me photographing her. I couldn’t believe I had been outfoxed (智取) by a fox! There were some lovely photos of her but she obviously thought the photographer was worthy of a picture too! 然而，当我事后检查记忆卡时，我惊讶地发现杰西竟然给我拍了两张照片。我不敢相信我被一只狐狸骗了！有一些她的可爱的照片，但她显然认为摄影师也值得照片！可知这篇文章的主要思想讲述了聪明的狐狸给专业摄影师拍照。故选B项。 C The most commonly known use for ultrasound—high-frequency sound waves human ears can’t hear— is examining a fetus (胎儿) as a medical device during pregnancy. But there are plenty of other uses. Many offices have occupancy sensors that use ultrasound to detect movements and keep the lights on when someone is in the space, and off when nobody is around. These sensors operate at frequencies such as 32 kilohertz, far above what the human ears can hear——which is a range from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. Other products use ultrasound to deliver targeted sound, for instance allowing a museum to play a recording for visitors in one area of an exhibit without disturbing others nearby. Electronic repellents (驱虫剂) use ultrasound to keep rodents or insects at bay. A similar product can even be used to disperse (驱散) teenagers; aging tends to reduce people’s ability to hear higher frequency sounds, so a noisemaker can annoy kids without adults even noticing. This has also let teens create smartphone ringtones their elders can’t hear. Airborne ultrasound is not inherently (固有地) bad. But things can go wrong. A former colleague of Kevin’s used to hear strange sounds from his hearing aid when in rooms with occupancy sensors, likely because the hearing aid’s electronics improperly converted the ultrasound into audible noise. The noise was annoying, but not harmful. A similar problem tainted the research of one of our students, conducted in a room that, unbeknownst to him, had an ultrasonic room occupancy sensor in the ceiling. One of us has conducted research in which carefully crafted ultrasonic signals secretly activate voice-control systems, even unlocking an iPhone with a silent “Hey, Siri” command, and telling it to make a FaceTime call. Sound can also affect the physical world, as when a singer shatters a wine glass. Micro-electrical mechanical sensing chips—such as accelerometers used in car airbag systems and smartphones, and gyroscopes in drones—are susceptible to the same interference. Those systems can be attacked with sounds, crashing a drone mid-flight, or fooling a smartphone about whether it’s moving. It’s well-known that sounds that are too loud can damage people’s ears and hearing. However, there’s little evidence of ultrasound causing bodily harm without prolonged, direct physical contact at high intensity. If you are accidentally subjected to extremely intense ultrasound (such as when holding an ultrasonic arc welder), you could experience an annoyance like a headache or a temporary loss of balance. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration warns of potential health risks from audible subharmonic by-products of ultrasound, so more than the ultrasound itself. 8．According to the passage, what happens as people get older? A．They can hear sounds of frequency of 32 kilohertz. B．They can hear sounds of frequencies which are lower than 20 hertz. C．Their ears become duller and even completely deaf to high-frequency sounds. D．They can hear noise that annoys a large number of kids. 9．What do Paragraphs 5 and 6 mainly talk about? A．Electronic devices can perform human commands. B．Ultrasound has a clear effect on the physical world. C．Both ultrasound and human-audible sounds can affect electronics. D．The hearing aid’s electronics don’t change the ultrasound into audible noise. 10．What attitude do academics hold towards safe levels of airborne ultrasound? A．Optimistic. B．Worried. C．Confused. D．Reserved. 11．Which diagram correctly shows how the passage is developed? A． B． C． D． 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了超声波的用途、影响及人们对它的危害的担心。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“aging tends to reduce people’s ability to hear higher frequency sounds, so a noisemaker can annoy kids without adults even noticing.(变老往往会削弱人们听到更高频率声音的能力，因此，噪声发生器会在成年人甚至注意不到的情况下惹恼小孩)”可知，当人年龄越来越大时，他们的耳朵对高频音就会越来越迟钝，甚至完全听不到。故选C项。 9．主旨大意题。根据第四段“A former colleague of Kevins used to hear strange sounds from his hearing aid when in rooms with occupancy sensors, likely because the hearing ids electronics improperly converted the ultrasound into audible noise.(Kevin的一位前同事过去常在有感应传感器的房间里从助听器里听到奇怪的声音，很可能是因为助听器的电子设备不正确地将超声波转换成了可听到的声音)”及第五段“One of us has conducted research in which carefully crafted ultrasonic signals secretly activate voice-control systems, even unlocking an iPhone with a silent Hey, Siri command, and telling it to make a Face Time call.(我们中的个人进行了一项研究，在这项研究中，精心制作的超声波信号秘密地激活了语音控制系统，甚至用了一句无声的“嘿，Siri”命令解锁了iPhone，并命令它打了一个 FaceTime电话)”可知，这两段讲的是超声波和人们能听到的声音都能影响电子设备。故选C项。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration warns of potential health risks from audible subharmonic by-products of ultrasound, so more than the ultrasound itself.(美国职业安全与健康管理局警告说，超声波所产生的可听副谐波副产品对健康产生的潜在的危害比超声波本身多得多)”可知，学者们对空气中超声波的安全水平持担心的态度。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。通读全文，第1~4段讲述超声波的用途；第5~7段讲述超声波的影响；第8~9段讲述人们担心超声波对人体的伤害。故选A项。 D Video games are most commonly associated with violence and aggression. They promote antisocial behavior in children. True, they are not outdoor games, but they are interactive. Here are some positive effects of video games. Games like Angry Birds and Cut the Rope have shown to be of help in improving problem-solving skills. Video games based on words or number puzzles have a similar effect. In 2008, researchers in the University of Washington created a game called Foldit, which let the players model a genetic make-up of proteins. The phase(相位）estimates made by high scoring players helped in the identification of the crystal structure (晶体结构）for a monkey virus related to AIDS. This breakthrough can largely result from the problem-solving skills exercised during the game play. Video games require players to plan their moves and take strategic decisions, which means planning right and taking necessary action at the right time. Playing video games is thus beneficial to improving planning and decision-making skills. According to a study from the University of Rochester, those who played action video games and computer games made decisions 25% faster than others. Adam Gazzaley from the University of California tried to show how video games improved multitasking skills. His experiments showed that playing a 3-D racing game could improve one’s ability to multitask. It has been found that expert gamers can pay attention to six different things at the same time as opposed to others who can attend to only four things at a time. Some video games help develop skills that are directly relevant to certain professions. Flight simulation games, for example, can be used for training pilots. From the results of Dr. Rosser’s experiment in 2007，it was astonishing to know that surgeons who played video games were faster in action and made fewer mistakes. Business simulation games help develop real business skills. A game like Zoo Tycoon gives the players an experience of managing a zoo. Games like America’s Army have been used to train the US army soldiers. If there is no restriction of the time for which children are allowed to play these games, they are bound to have a negative effect on children. If game playing lacks parental supervision, children might make the wrong choices and participate in violent games, or games not meant for children of their age. 12．Which of the following statements about video games is NOT true? A．They develop mathematical skills and reading abilities. B．They require players to receive information passively. C．They encourage antisocial elements and violence. D．They expose players to some real-life situations. 13．What is Angry Birds helpful for? A．Problem-solving. B．Decision-making. C．Multitasking. D．Emotion-developing. 14．What is used to show video games can help make decisions faster? A．The results of the University of Washington in 2008. B．The results of Dr. Rosser’s experiment in 2007. C．A study from the University of California. D．A study from the University of Rochester. 15．What do the effects of video games depend on from the last paragraph? A．Designers who created the video games. B．Types and the time for which they are played. C．The rules of the video games. D．Popularity of the video games among children. 【答案】12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。人们往往认为电子游戏对孩子有害无益。本文驳斥了这种观点，认为如果在孩子们玩电子游戏时，在种类和时间上加以监管，电子游戏就可以是有益的。 12．推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“True, they are not outdoor games, but they are interactive.(没错，它们不是户外游戏，但它们是互动的)”可知，它们是互动游戏，因而B项“They require players to receive information passively.(它们需要游戏者被动地接受信息)”是错误的因为B项不能体现互动性。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Games like Angry Birds and Cut the Rope have shown to be of help in improving problem-solving skills.(像《愤怒的小鸟》和《割绳子》这样的游戏已被证明有助于提高解决问题的能力)”可知，《愤怒的小鸟》有助于解决问题。故选A。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“According to a study from the University of Rochester, those who played action video games and computer games made decisions 25% faster than others.(根据罗切斯特大学的一项研究，那些玩动作视频游戏和电脑游戏的人做决定的速度比其他人快25%)”可知，罗彻斯特大学的研究揭示了电子游戏有助于更快地做出决定。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If there is no restriction of the time for which children are allowed to play these games, they are bound to have a negative effect on children.  If game playing lacks parental supervision, children might make the wrong choices and participate in violent games, or games not meant for children of their age.(如果不限制孩子们玩这些游戏的时间，它们一定会对孩子们产生负面影响。如果游戏缺乏父母的监督，孩子们可能会做出错误的选择，参与暴力游戏，或不适合他们年龄的游戏)”可推断，电子游戏的影响取决于孩子们玩游戏的时间和游戏的种类。故选B。 七选五阅读 Pasteur discovered that bacteria (细菌) cause many diseases. 16 . He proved that diseases could be cured by stopping the spread of bacteria. How Pasteur helped industry Louis Pasteur was born in France in 1822. He studied physics and chemistry in Paris. The wine-making industry in France was in trouble during the mid-1800s 17 . Pasteur discovered that germs were getting into the wine and turning it sour. He found that heat killed these germs and prevented the wine from spoiling. Pasteur later applied his discovery to milk. His way of heating foods to kill bacteria is now called pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法). 18 . In the mid-1800s, a disease was killing off silkworms before they could spin silk threads. Pasteur showed that the disease was in the silkworm eggs and that getting rid of any infected eggs could keep the disease from spreading. 19 Pasteur then discovered how to make vaccines (疫苗) to protect people and animals against disease. He observed that animals infected with a disease sometimes became immune to the disease — that is, protected from getting the disease again. Pasteur found that he could weaken germs in his laboratory. When he put weakened germs into the bodies of animals, the animals became immune to the disease caused by the germs. Pasteur made a vaccine to protect sheep against a disease called anthrax. One of Pasteur’s most important discoveries was a vaccine against rabies (狂犬病). People can get this deadly disease 20 . In 1885, a mother begged Pasteur to treat her young son who had been badly bitten by a dog with rabies. The vaccine worked, and the boy lived. A．Anthrax and rabies B．How Pasteur prevented disease C．Pasteur became a national hero in France for saving the wine and silk industries D．because much of the wine was spoiling E．He showed that bacteria get into living things and then multiply F．Pasteur also helped the French silk industry G．if they are bitten by an animal infected with rabies 【答案】16．E 17．D 18．F 19．B 20．G 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名的化学家和生物学家路易斯·巴斯德在细菌研究上做出的杰出贡献。 16．上文“Pasteur discovered that bacteria (细菌) cause many diseases. (巴斯德发现细菌会引起许多疾病)”引出了巴斯德发现细菌会引起许多疾病，该空应该具体说明关于细菌引起疾病的发现是什么，且选项中“multiply”呼应下文“the spread of bacteria”，才能引出下文“He proved that diseases could be cured by stopping the spread of bacteria. (他证明了通过阻止细菌的传播可以治愈疾病)”讲针对此发现的应对策略是什么，E选项“他证明了细菌进入生物，然后繁殖”切合语境。故选E项。 17．由上文“The wine-making industry in France was in trouble during the mid-1800s (19世纪中期，法国的酿酒业陷入困境)”和“Pasteur discovered that germs were getting into the wine and turning it sour. He found that heat killed these germs and prevented the wine from spoiling. (巴斯德发现细菌正在进入葡萄酒并使其变酸。他发现高温可以杀死这些细菌，防止葡萄酒变质)”可知，该空应该讲法国酿酒业陷入困境的原因是细菌导致葡萄酒变质，才能引出下文讲巴斯德用高温杀死细菌阻止葡萄酒变质的方法，D选项“因为大部分葡萄酒都变质了”切合语境。故选D项。 18．该空位于段首，需总结下文。由下文“In the mid-1800s, a disease was killing off silkworms before they could spin silk threads. Pasteur showed that the disease was in the silkworm eggs and that getting rid of any infected eggs could keep the disease from spreading. (19世纪中期，一种疾病在蚕还没来得及吐丝的时候就把它们杀死了。巴斯德证明，这种疾病发生在蚕卵中，清除任何受感染的蚕卵都可以防止疾病传播)”可知，下文在讲巴斯德对法国丝绸工业的帮助，F选项“巴斯德还帮助了法国的丝绸工业”切合语境。故选F项。 19．该空选取小标题，需总结下面两段。由倒数第二段“Pasteur then discovered how to make vaccines (疫苗) to protect people and animals against disease. (巴斯德随后发现了如何制造疫苗来保护人和动物免受疾病的侵害)”“Pasteur made a vaccine to protect sheep against a disease called anthrax. (巴斯德制造了一种疫苗来保护绵羊免受炭疽病的侵害)”和最后一段“One of Pasteur’s most important discoveries was a vaccine against rabies (狂犬病). (巴斯德最重要的发现之一是狂犬病疫苗)”可知，下文在讲巴斯德通过疫苗帮助人和动物预防疾病，B选项“巴斯德如何预防疾病”切合语境。故选B项。 20．由上文“People can get this deadly disease (人们会得这种致命的疾病)”和下文“In 1885, a mother begged Pasteur to treat her young son who had been badly bitten by a dog with rabies. The vaccine worked, and the boy lived. (1885年，一位母亲恳求巴斯德治疗被狂犬病狗严重咬伤的小儿子。疫苗有效，男孩活了下来)”及常识可知，男孩被感染狂犬病的狗严重咬伤，因为疫苗有效才活了下来，说明如果被感染狂犬病的动物咬伤，人们也会得狂犬病，G选项“如果被感染狂犬病的动物咬伤”切合语境。故选G项。 第II卷 非选择题 二、完形填空（每题1分，共15分） A 90-year-old driver is providing it’s never too late to pursue（追求）your dreams. Last year, Hershel McGriff became the 21 driver to compete in a NASCAR event when he raced at the Tucson Speedway in his home state of Arizona. McGriff has been 22 since he was a teenager. His first time behind the 23 came when he was just 17 years old after he read an ad in his local newspaper and was drawn to the 24 that comes with driving hundreds of miles per hour around a track, 25 for first place. "I borrowed my dad’s 1940 Hudson — an ugly car, and I got a couple of guys to help me," McGriff 26 his beginning in the sport. "I didn’t do very 27 .I think I finished 12th or 13th out of a bunch of cars. That got me started." His first win on the NASCAR circuit (联赛）came when he 28 in Mexico at the age of 22. McGriff went on 29 dozens of races, finally being 30 as one of NASCAR’s 50 Greatest Drivers. He retired from the sport at 74, but he never stopped his love for the track and decided to return to racing for a few special events that have made him famous in his hometown and 31 others to keep pursuing their dreams as well. McGriffs spot in the race was a gift for his 90th birthday from his son and long-time friend, team owner Bill McAnally. "Bill called me up on the phone and said, ‘For your 90th birthday, I will furnish the car. All you have to do is 32 it," McGriff said. "When he made the 33 , I was ready to accept McGriffs history-making race proves that you can pursue your dreams at any 34 , but for this young — at — heart racer, it was just a chance to get behind the wheel and 35 pursuing his passion. 21．A．oldest B．fastest C．kindest D．bravest 22．A．studying B．racing C．dreaming D．growing 23．A．screen B．camera C．seat D．wheel 24．A．excitement B．nervousness C．comfort D．honor 25．A．waiting B．searching C．preparing D．fighting 26．A．looked back on B．looked forward to C．looked up to D．looked down on 27．A．seriously B．carefully C．well D．soon 28．A．relaxed B．performed C．competed D．traveled 29．A．organizing B．winning C．entering D．losing 30．A．remembered B．introduced C．employed D．named 31．A．inspired B．required C．allowed D．forced 32．A．repair B．buy C．drive D．decorate 33．A．change B．offer C．comment D．design 34．A．cost B．speed C．place D．age 35．A．finish B．consider C．continue D．imagine 【答案】 21．A 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．C 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了赛车手McGriff在九十岁时又重返赛场，说明在任何年纪都可以追求梦想和激情。 21．考查形容词辨析。句意：去年，Hershel McGriff成为在NASCAR项目中比赛的最老的车手。A. oldest最老的；    B. fastest最快的；    C. kindest最友好的；D. bravest最勇敢的。前文强调了他已经九十岁，故选A。 22．考查动词辨析。句意：McGriff从还是青少年的时候就开始比赛了。A. studying学习；B. racing比赛；C. dreaming梦想；D. growing成长。根据下文“driving hundreds of miles per hour around a track, 　　5　　 for first place.”可知他在17岁的时候看到了一则赛车比赛信息，所以他是从那时候开始比赛了，故选B。 23．考查固定搭配。句意：他第一次开车是在他十七岁的时候…A.screen屏幕；B. camera相机；C. seat座位；D. wheel车轮。根据下文中“driving hundreds of miles per hour around a track”可知是指他开车，behind the wheel是固定搭配，意为“开车”，故选D。 24．考查名词辨析。句意：当他十七岁的时候，他在当地的报纸上读到了一则广告，被围绕赛道每小时驾驶数百英里所带来的刺激吸引。A. excitement兴奋；B. nervousness紧张；C. comfort舒适；D. honor荣耀。根据“被吸引”和“每小时驾驶数百英里”可知，带来的是刺激感，故选A。 25．考查动词辨析。句意：围绕赛道每小时驾驶数百英里，力争第一。A. waiting等待；B. searching搜查；C. preparing准备；D. fighting力争。因为这里讲的是比赛，所以是力争第一，故选D。 26．考查动词词组辨析。句意：McGriff回忆了他在运动会中的开始。A. looked back on回顾；B. looked forward to期盼；C. looked up to尊敬；    D. looked down on瞧不起。根据McGriff说的话，他借用了爸爸的车，找到了两个帮手，这是对当时情形的回忆，故选A。 27．考查副词辨析。句意：我并没有做得很好。我认为我在一众赛车中得了第十二或第十三名。A. seriously严肃地；B. carefully小心地；C. well好地；D. soon很快地。根据得了第十二或十三名可知他做得并不好，故选C。 28．考查动词辨析。句意：当他22岁在墨西哥比赛时，他第一次在联赛中获得了第一名。A. relaxed放松；B. performed表演；C. competed比赛；D. traveled旅行。根据前文提到“His first win on the NASCAR circuit”可知是在比赛中赢得了第一名，故选C。 29．考查动词辨析。句意：McGriff继续赢得了数十次比赛。A. organizing组织；B. winning赢得；C. entering进入；D. losing失去，输掉。前文讲到主人公第一次赢得了比赛，且本句谓语动词是went on表“继续”，故选B。 30．考查动词辨析。句意：McGriff继续赢得了数十次比赛，最终被命名为NASCAR最伟大得赛车手之一。A. remembered记得；B. introduced介绍；C. employed雇佣，使用；D. named命名。根据前文讲McGriff赢得了数十次比赛，可知他后来被被命名为NASCAR最伟大得赛车手之一，故选D。 31．考查动词辨析。句意：他在74岁时退赛，但是他从未停止过对赛道的热爱，并决定在一些特殊的项目中重返赛场，这些项目让他在家乡闻名，也激励了其他人继续追求他们的梦想。A. inspired激励；B. required要求；C. allowed允许；D. forced强迫。that代指的是特殊的项目，是对其他人起到了激励作用，故选A。 32．考查动词辨析。句意：你需要做的就是驾驶它。A. repair修理；B. buy买；C. drive驾驶；D. decorate装饰。前文提到Bill对McGriff说为了McGriff九十岁的生日，Bill装饰了汽车，所以it代指汽车，故选C。 33．考查名词辨析。句意：McGriff说：“当他提出这个邀请时，我就准备接受了。”A. change改变；B. offer邀请；C. comment评价；D. design设计。前文提到了Bill装饰了汽车，邀请主人公驾驶，故选B。 34．考查名词辨析。句意：McGriffs的历史性的比赛证明了你可以在任何年纪追求梦想。A. cost价值；B. speed速度；C. place地点；D. age年纪。前文提到了主人公是在九十岁的时候完成了一次精彩的比赛，所以这里是说在任何年纪都能追求梦想。故选D。 35．考查动词辨析。句意：但是对于这个心态年轻的赛车手来说，这只是一次开车和继续追求激情的机会。A. finish完成；B. consider考虑；C. continue继续；D. imagine想象。根据前文，主人公年轻时就开始赛车，在九十岁的时候又重返赛场，所以这里是指继续追求激情，故选C。 【点睛】完型填空的解题技巧在于寻找上下文的提示，且提示基本是在上下句中。例如在第一题中，根据前文着重强调了主人公再次参赛时的年纪，所以是在提示下文中讲的是他是比赛中年纪最大的选手。 三、语法填空（每题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Working on the atomic bomb, Richard Feynman found that science represented the destruction and 36 put our future in danger, which was contrary to his knowledge of science when he was young. So he had a doubt 37 there was some evil 38 (involve) in science or not. In his lecture, the American scientist thinks that science has value in three ways. First, scientific knowledge 39 (make) us able to make all kinds of things. Second, it can offer us intellectual enjoyment. Third, it can provide scientist 40 a lot of experience, which is of great 41 (important) for scientists to progress, for they try to solve their ignorance, doubt and 42 (certain) in the process. At the end of his lecture, he hopes scientists take the 43 (responsible) of declaring the value of 44 (free), of teaching how doubt is to be 45 (welcome) and discussed and of ensuring the freedom for all generations to come. 【答案】 36．it 37．whether 38．involved 39．makes 40．with 41．importance 42．uncertainty 43．responsibility 44．freedom 45．welcomed 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国科学家理查德·费曼怀疑科学中是否存在某种邪恶，在其演讲中，他认为科学有三个方面的价值，最后呼吁科学家们有责任宣布自由的价值，教授学生如何欢迎和讨论怀疑。 36．考查代词。句意：理查德·费曼在研究原子弹时发现，科学代表着毁灭，它将我们的未来置于危险之中，这与他年轻时的科学知识相悖。用代词it指代上文提到的science。故填it。 37．考查同位语从句。句意：因此，他怀疑科学中是否存在某种邪恶。该空引导同位语从句，从句不缺成分，结合or not，缺乏“是否”含义，用whether。故填whether。 38．考查形容词。句意：因此，他怀疑科学中是否存在某种邪恶。固定短语be involved in…(涉及、卷入……)，形容词involved (卷入的)，用形容词短语involved in…作后置定语，修饰名词短语some evil。故填involved。 39．考查时态。句意：首先，科学知识使我们能够制造各种各样的东西。讲述一般性事实，谓语动词make用一般现在时，主语scientific knowledge不可数，谓语用单数形式。故填makes。 40．考查固定短语。句意：第三，它可以为科学家提供大量的经验，这对科学家的进步至关重要，因为他们试图解决他们在这个过程中的无知、怀疑和不确定性。固定短语provide sb. with sth. (给某人提供某物)。故填with。 41．考查名词。句意：第三，它可以为科学家提供大量的经验，这对科学家的进步至关重要，因为他们试图解决他们在这个过程中的无知、怀疑和不确定性。固定短语be of great importance(非常重要、具有重大意义)，整体上就是“be of +抽象名词”结构，它就相当于“be+抽象名词所对应的形容词”，用不可数名词importance。故填importance。 42．考查名词。句意：第三，它可以为科学家提供大量的经验，这对科学家的进步至关重要，因为他们试图解决他们在这个过程中的无知、怀疑和不确定性。用抽象名词uncertainty，和抽象名词ignorance，doubt并列，一起作动词solve的宾语。故填uncertainty。 43．考查名词。句意：在演讲的最后，他希望科学家们承担责任去宣布自由的价值，教授如何欢迎和讨论怀疑，并确保子孙后代的自由。固定短语take the responsibility of (承担……的责任)，用名词responsibility作宾语。故填responsibility。 44．考查名词。句意：在演讲的最后，他希望科学家们承担责任去宣布自由的价值，教授如何欢迎和讨论怀疑，并确保子孙后代的自由。the value of ___9___ (free)是名词所有格结构，用不可数名词freedom。故填freedom。 45．考查不定式的被动式。句意：在演讲的最后，他希望科学家们承担责任去宣布自由的价值，教授如何欢迎和讨论怀疑，并确保子孙后代的自由。welcome和逻辑主语doubt是被动关系，结合to be，用不定式的被动式（to be done），用过去分词welcomed。故填welcomed。 四、应用文写作（本题15分） 假定你是李华，你对《纽约时报》（New York Time）上一则某外语培训中心招聘中文教师的广告非常感兴趣，请你就下列自荐理由的要点给该培训中心写一份自荐信。内容如下： 1. 母语是普通话 （Mandarin），能讲标准的普通话； 2. 英语学习多年掌握得很好； 3. 热爱教学，以前有教学经验； 4. 性格外向热情。 注意：1.词数80字左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 （外语培训中心：Foreign Language Training Center） Dear Sir or Madam, In answer to your advertisement in the New York Times, I would like to __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Once hired, I would be be very happy and I would devoted myself to the job. Your consideration about my application would be highly appreciated. Your sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, In answer to your advertisement in the New York Times, I would like to apply for the position of Chinese teacher in your Foreign Language Training Center. Initially, as a native speaker, I can speak standard Mandarin. Meanwhile, I also have a good command of English, for I have been learning English for many years. Moreover, I like being a teacher, having previous experience of English teaching in a language center. Last but not least, I’m outgoing and warmhearted and can easily make friends with others, which is extremely essential to become an excellent teacher. Once hired, I would be very happy and I would devoted myself to the job. Your consideration about my application would be highly appreciated. Your sincerely, Li Hua 【分析】这是一篇提纲类写作。 【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假定你是李华，你对《纽约时报》（New York Time）上一则某外语培训中心招聘中文教师的广告非常感兴趣，请你就下列自荐理由的要点给该培训中心写一份自荐信。内容如下：1. 母语是普通话 （Mandarin），能讲标准的普通话；2. 英语学习多年掌握得很好；3. 热爱教学，以前有教学经验；4. 性格外向热情。 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：apply for (申请)；Foreign Language Training Center (外语培训中心)；standard Mandarin (标准普通话)；have a good command of (精通……)等。 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Meanwhile, I also have a good command of English, for I have been learning English for many years.运用原因状语从句；Last but not least, I’m outgoing and warmhearted and can easily make friends with others, which is extremely essential to become an excellent teacher.运用非限定性定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 五、读后续写（本题25分） 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 “Acknowledged, Detective. This is my...” He hung up and told the driverless UNATS Robotics car to get him down to the railway station as fast as it could, angry with himself and with Ada—whose middle name was Trouble, after all—for making him deal with a robot before he’d had his breakfast. The name had been his ex-wife’s idea, something that she’d insisted on. His ex-wife. He hadn’t thought of her in years. Well, months, weeks, certainly. She’d been a brilliant computer scientist at the UNATS Robotics school at the University of Toronto. Now she settled in her own research lab in Beijing, providing the kinds of software solutions for robot applications. He itched to wiretap her, to read her email or listen in on her phone conversations. He could have done that when they were still together, but he never had. If he had, he would have found out what she was planning. He could have talked her out of it. “And then what, Artie?” said the nagging voice in his head. He couldn’t stop her from chasing her own dream—making the smartest robot in the world, especially with their little daughter in her belly. “Shut up!”he told the nagging voice. Paragraph 1： In a few minutes, he was at the front gate of the railway station. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: There she was, standing by a teenage girl who has the same blue eyes as his. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Paragraph 1: In a few minutes, he was at the front gate of the railway station. Ada opened the door for him. He stepped out of the UNATS Robotics car hurriedly to catch the bullet train for Beijing, where his ex-wife, a top computer scientist lived. During the journey, he constantly considered how to persuade his ex-wife to quit her research, which could get her into trouble. Clearly, it was no easy task. She had chased her dream for ages. The train pulled in at the railway station. He began to look for his ex-wife who had promised to pick him up. Paragraph 2: There she was, standing by a teenage girl who has the same blue eyes as his. Artie walked up to them slowly. With so many words to say, he felt a knot in his throat. At last, he looked into their daughter’s eyes and said “Hi, my lovely girl!” His voice was trembling slightly. “Daddy! Mommy has told me everything. You don’t need to worry about us anymore. Yesterday, she worked out the smartest robot software successfully.” Artie turned to his ex-wife in disbelief. She nodded. “I could never achieve my dream without your support.” Artie hugged them both thinking to himself, “Never stop a dream-chaser!” 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了阿迪想要劝说说服前妻放弃她的研究，于是赶往她的实验室。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“几分钟后，他就到了火车站的大门口。”可知，第一段可描写阿迪在去往前妻实验室的途中，他的心理活动。 ②由第二段首句内容“她就在那里，站在一个十几岁的女孩身边，她有和他一样的蓝眼睛。”可知，第二段可描写女儿告诉阿迪，前妻的梦想实现了，他的感悟。 2. 续写线索：赶往火车站——考虑如何劝说前妻——达到目的地——女儿告诉他，前妻梦想实现——感悟 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①考虑：consider/think through/chew over ②退出：quit/give up/renounce ③实现：achieve/accomplish/come true 情绪类 ①难以置信地：in disbelief/unbelievably/incredibly ②匆忙地：hurriedly/speedilyhastily 【点睛】[高分句型1] During the journey, he constantly considered how to persuade his ex-wife to quit her research, which could get her into trouble.(which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2]He began to look for his ex-wife who had promised to pick him up.(who引导的限制性定语从句) 1 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$