Unit 4 Part 2 Grammar and usage & Integrated skills（同步练习）-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第三册（译林版）

Part 2　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2025江苏无锡月考)In the debate, the team presented persuasive arguments 　　　　　 favor of their policy proposal.  2.(2025重庆名校联盟期中)The 　　　　　(surround) area was now a muddy mess, and the water was still rising.  3.We were about to reach the destination when our ship broke down 　　　　　 accident.  4.(2025新课标Ⅰ)It's estimated that the global demand for 　　　　　(electric) could more than double by 2050.  5.(2025陕西西安月考)They really looked forward to 　　　　　(make) their life better, but didn't know how.  Ⅱ.单元语法专练 1.　　　　　 (bring) up by a conductor, Jack has gained some basic knowledge of music.  2.We need to find a place to get our electric car's battery 　　　　(charge).  3.(2025新课标Ⅱ)Each has a personality 　　　　　(shape) by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.  4.(2025山东济南月考)　　　　　(surround) by the clear waters, this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild.  5.To show off her skating skills 　　　　　(learn) recently, Linda put on a performance wherever she went.  6.(2025吉林月考)We should keep the advertisement 　　　　　(target) at young people to increase its popularity.  7.Ordinary soap, 　　　　　(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.  8.The question 　　　　　(discuss) just now is about when to start the journey to the US.  9.With all the work 　　　　　(finish), we went back home happily.  10.Jim would never forget the happy time 　　　　　(spend) with his parents in the countryside.  Ⅲ.完成句子 1.(2025新课标Ⅰ)据负责此次展览的屠宁宁介绍,黑白棋子的移动体现了东方哲学的基本理念。(非限制性定语从句;charge) The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.  2.如果没有这次灾难,大多数的村民不会意识到环境保护的重要性。(虚拟语气) Without the disaster, the majority of villagers 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the importance of protecting the environment.(读后续写—主旨升华)  3.直到19世纪早期,巴赫的音乐天赋才得到人们的充分赏识。(一句多译) ①People 　　　　 fully recognize Bach's musical gift 　　　　 the early 19th century.  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 the early 19th century 　　　　 Bach's musical gift was fully recognized by people.(强调句型)  能力提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2025江苏常州市北郊高级中学月考) 　　What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to 9th- and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.” 　　Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I'm not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It's easy for them to see a scientist's work as arising from an inborn talent. 　　But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students' belief that scientific achievements reflect ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. 　　During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or for lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges. 　　Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance after the intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower-performing students, for whom exposure to struggle stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist's struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(有同感) with the scientists during their own struggles. 1.Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists? A.They lack interest in science.　　 B.They don't possess inborn talent. C.They are short of confidence.　　 D.They have no ability to study science. 2.What's the purpose of the intervention? A.To introduce some inspirational stories to students. B.To expose students to scientists' great achievements. C.To ensure students will become scientists in the future. D.To clear students' misunderstandings of scientific work. 3.The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to 　　　.  A.permanent　　B.obvious　　C.doubtful　　D.delicate 4.What can we learn from the research? A.Science ability has nothing to do with efforts. B.Students are more motivated by achievement stories. C.Scientists' struggle stories can influence readers' belief. D.Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists. Ⅱ.七选五 (2025山西联合考试期中) 　　We're fortunate to have access to a combination of technology and the Internet in the information age. This provides rich resources for learning, connecting, and entertaining ourselves. 　1　 It means that the technological tools can not only improve our efficiency, but also have the power to trap us in a web of distractions(分心之事).  　　　2　 According to a survey, a surprising 84.4% of the participants, on average, are reported to be distracted at work. Emails, phone calls, texts, and co-workers divert(转移) a massive 81% of attention, while the Internet, with its unlimited source of information and entertainment, also distracts a large percent of attention. What's more, the survey indicates that a shocking 67% of workers say that their work is often affected by a large amount of time spent in meetings and calls.  　　These distractions are more than annoyances—they're loud and endless in their efforts to divert our attention, pulling us away from what truly matters. 　3　  　　Another study provides further understanding of our challenges with distractions. 　4　 The pace quickens for automatic stimuli(刺激物) but slows for conscious tasks. This makes keeping focused in our busy world an ever-increasing challenge.  　　Just think about it: You're focused on a project, and then your phone rings with a notification. 　5　 And regaining your focus might be harder than you expect. The same applies to an interesting social media post that catches your eye—pulling you away from your task and keeping you in the sea of distractions.  A.However, every coin has two sides. B.It is not difficult to return to your project. C.These data show how common this issue is. D.Easily distracted people are not in the majority. E.They make it impossible for us to focus on any single task. F.The insignificant sound is enough to break your concentration. G.It found that brain wave frequency varies with the type of outside stimuli. 1.　　　　　2.　　　　　3.　　　　　4.　　　　　5.　　　　  Ⅲ.完形填空 (2024江苏无锡期中) 　　As the Chinese saying goes, “A seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.” Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years　1　 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. Zhang, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 　2　 at Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.  The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 　3　 experiments. “The first 　4　 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained.“After several generations of 　5　 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 　6　 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) 　7　 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.  　　“Generally speaking, a good new　8　 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 　9　 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “　10　, it also should be accepted by the market.”  　　Zhang added that the team 　11　 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy 　12　 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses.  　　“Agricultural research work is 　13　 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 　14　. All we can do is think more, discuss more and find 　15　 on the land,” she said.  1.A.advertising　　B.cultivating C.discussing　　D.observing 2.A.journalist　　B.researcher C.teacher　　D.manager 3.A.precise　　B.efficient C.simple　　D.expensive 4.A.step　　B.attempt C.method　　D.question 5.A.encouragement　　B.support C.management　　D.trial 6.A.near　　B.continue C.begin　　D.repeat 7.A.practice　　B.application C.appliance　　D.invitation 8.A.environment　　B.machine C.farmland　　D.variety 9.A.produce　　B.enhance C.show　　D.develop 10.A.Besides　　B.However C.Therefore　　D.Otherwise 11.A.watered　　B.bought C.protected　　D.planted 12.A.reporting　　B.designing C.conducting　　D.studying 13.A.normal　　B.tough C.varied　　D.specific 14.A.end up　　B.let down C.break up　　D.pay off 15.A.answers　　B.comfort C.dreams　　D.courage 答案与分层梯度式解析 Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world Part 2　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.in　考查介词。in favor of意为“支持,赞成”。故填in。句意:在辩论中,这个小组提出了有说服力的论据来支持他们的政策建议。 2.surrounding　考查形容词。设空处修饰名词area,应用形容词,表示“周围的”。故填surrounding。句意:周围地区现在泥泞不堪,水还在上涨。 3.by　考查介词。by accident意为“意外地”。故填by。句意:我们正要到达目的地时,我们的船意外抛锚了。 4.electricity　考查名词。设空处作for的宾语,结合语境可知,此处应用名词。故填electricity。句意:据估计,到 2050 年,全球电力需求可能会增加一倍以上。 5.making　考查动名词。look forward to中的to为介词,此处应用动名词形式。故填making。 类比启发 　　lead to、object to、pay attention to、get used to、get down to、be addicted to、devote oneself to等词组中的to均为介词。 Ⅱ.1.Brought　考查动词-ed形式作状语。句中已有谓语动词,设空处应用非谓语形式作状语,主语Jack与bring up之间是被动关系,故填Brought。句意:杰克由一位指挥家带大,所以他已经掌握了一些基本的音乐知识。 2.charged　考查动词-ed形式作宾补。此处是“get+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语our electric car's battery和charge之间是被动关系,故填charged。 3.shaped　考查动词-ed形式作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的名词personality, personality与shape之间是被动关系,故填shaped。句意:几个世纪以来生产和交易的商品和服务塑造了每一个(集镇)的特色。 4.Surrounded　考查动词-ed形式作状语。逗号前部分在句中作状语,应用非谓语形式,this forest和surround之间是被动关系,设空处位于句首,单词首字母应大写,故填Surrounded。句意:这片森林被清澈的水域环绕,为游客提供了一个在野外看到一些濒危鸟类的绝佳机会。 5.learned/learnt　考查动词-ed形式作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的skating skills, skating skills和learn之间是被动关系,故填learned或learnt。句意:为了炫耀她最近学的滑冰技巧,每到一处琳达就表演。 6.targeted　考查动词-ed形式作宾补。此处是“keep+宾语+宾补”结构,advertisement和target之间是被动关系,故填targeted。句意:我们应该让广告针对年轻人,以提升其受欢迎程度。 7.used　考查动词-ed形式作状语。 “　　　correctly”是条件状语,Ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系,故填used。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。  8.discussed　考查动词-ed形式作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的The question, The question和discuss之间是被动关系,故填discussed。句意:刚才讨论的问题是关于何时启程去美国的。 归纳拓展 　　作后置定语时,being discussed表示“正在被讨论的”,to be discussed表示“将被讨论的”,discussed表示“已经被讨论的”。 9.finished　考查动词-ed形式作宾补。分析句子可知,此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构,work与finish之间是被动关系,故填finished。句意:所有工作完成后,我们开心地回家了。 10.spent　考查动词-ed形式作定语。分析句子可知,设空处作后置定语,修饰前面的the happy time, the happy time和spend之间是被动关系,故填spent。句意:吉姆永远不会忘记和父母在乡下度过的快乐时光。 Ⅲ.1.who is in charge of the exhibition　2.wouldn't be aware of　3.①didn't;until　②It was not until;that 能力提升练 Ⅰ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项向学生介绍科学家们的奋斗故事的研究。研究发现通过向高中生讲述科学家的奋斗故事可以纠正他们对科学成就的误解,激励他们学习科学。 【高频词汇】　1.response n.回答;反应　2.struggle v.挣扎;努力;搏斗 n.奋斗;努力　3.concern n.担心,忧虑 4.talent n.天资,天赋;人才　5.motivated adj.有积极性的 6.reflect v.反映　7.expose v.使接触;暴露　8.identify v.找到,发现;查明 【熟词生义】　pose 熟义:n.姿势　生义:v.提出(问题) 【差距词汇】　1.cite vt.提及,列举;引用　2.intervention n.干预;干涉　3.coexist v.同时存在;共存 1.C　推理判断题。根据题干信息可定位至第二段,由第二段中的“citing concerns such as ‘I'm not good at science’ and ‘Even if I work hard, I will not do well.’”可知,许多学生难以把自己想象成科学家,是因为他们担心自己不擅长科学,觉得即使努力也做不好,所以推知他们缺乏自信。故选C。 2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中的“...designed an intervention to change students' belief that scientific achievements reflect ability rather than effort”可知,设计这项干预是为了改变学生认为科学成就反映才能而非努力的观念。所以推知干预的目的是消除学生对科学工作的误解。故选D。 3.B　词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句可知,研究人员发现,听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生的科学课程成绩都有所提高。由画线词后文“for whom exposure to struggle stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories”可知,对于这些成绩较差的学生来说,接触奋斗故事使他们在科学课上的表现明显好于那些阅读成就故事的成绩较差的学生。结合画线词前的especially(表示程度递进)可推知,此处指对于成绩较差的学生来说,这种效果尤为“明显”。所以pronounced与obvious意思接近,意为“明显的”,与“significantly better”形成语义呼应。故选B。 4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,听了科学家的奋斗故事的学生在干预后科学成绩有所提高,并且学生能够在自己的奋斗过程中与科学家有同感,这说明科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的看法。故选C。 Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本是一篇说明文。在信息时代,科技工具除了为我们提供丰富的资源,也可能使我们分心。文章主要介绍了分心现象的普遍性和影响,强调了分心对人们专注任务的干扰。 【高频词汇】　1.have access to...有机会使用/接近…… 2.entertain v.使快乐;招待→entertainment n.娱乐活动;招待　3.technological adj.技术的　4.efficiency n.效率;功率　5.affect v.影响;感染 【差距词汇】　1.ever-increasing adj.不断增长的 2.notification n.通知 1.A　设空处上文提到科技与网络的结合给我们提供了丰富资源,用于学习、沟通和娱乐,下文指出技术工具不仅能提高效率,还可能让我们陷入分心之事的罗网中,A项 “然而,事物都有两面性”承上启下,说明科技和网络有好的一面,也有不好的一面。故选A。 2.C　设空处下文通过调查数据说明人们在工作中分心的情况很普遍,C项“这些数据表明这个问题是多么普遍”引出下文关于调查数据的内容。故选C。 3.E　设空处上文提到这些分心之事不仅是令人烦恼的事,它们试图转移我们的注意力,让我们远离真正重要的事情。E项“它们使我们不可能专注于任何一项任务”承接上文,E项中的They指代上文的“distractions”,“make it impossible...”总结分心的直接后果,与前文形成因果关系。故选E。 4.G　设空处上文提到另一项关于分心的研究。G项“它发现脑电波频率会随着外界刺激的类型而变化”承接上文,介绍了研究发现的内容,符合语境。G项中的It指代上文中的“Another study”,“brain wave frequency varies”与后文的“pace quickens...slows”形成具体对应。故选G。 5.F　设空处上文提到手机通知响起,下文提到重新集中注意力可能比你预期的要难,F项“这个微不足道的声音足以打断你的注意力”承上启下,说明手机通知的声音虽小却能打断注意力,“insignificant sound”指代前文中的 “phone rings with a notification”。故选F。 Ⅲ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。 【高频词汇】　1.contribute to...为……做贡献;有助于;促成　2.security n.安全;保障　3.standard n.标准,水平 4.combination n.结合体;结合　5.characteristic n.特征,特点　6.stable adj.稳定的　7.conditions n.物质环境,条件;状况 【熟词生义】　variety 熟义:n.不同种类;变化　生义:n.品种 【差距词汇】　1.cultivation n.栽培,种植　2.hybrid adj.杂种的　3.yield n.产量　4.identification n.确认,确定 5.resistance n.抵抗力 1.B　根据“13 new varieties of wheat”和“mother of wheat”可知,是“培育”小麦。故选B。 2.B　根据上文“who has spent...contributing to national food security”和下文中的“The research”可推知,张道荣是一位研究小麦的“研究员”。故选B。 3.A　根据“strict standards”和下文的研究过程可知,对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和“精确的”实验。故选A。 4.A　根据“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知,找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一“步”。故选A。 5.D　根据本段第一句和最后一句可知,培育新品种需要经过几代的“试验”和选择,才能选出最优的。故选D。 6.C　根据本段中的The first、Then、After可知,此处按时间顺序介绍实验的过程,结合下文中的“And after several more rounds of tests”可知,此处指“开始”为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选C。 7.B　根据“for evaluation and approval”可知,几轮测试合格后,可以“申请”评估和批准,以便开始市场生产。practice练习;application申请;appliance电器;invitation邀请。故选B。 8.D　根据上文“...13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both.”可知,此处是指一个新的“品种”。故选D。 9.C　根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知,此处指新品种要“表现出”良好的抵抗力。故选C。 10.A　根据“it also should be accepted by the market”可知,此处是对上文的补充说明,用besides符合题意。故选A。 11.D　根据该团队培育新品种的事实和“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings each year”可知,此处是指每年“种植”7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。 12.C　根据“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”和选项可知,此处是指“进行”实验。故选C。 13.B　根据“complicated”和上文提到他们一次又一次地试验可知,农业研究是“艰难”且复杂的。normal正常的;tough棘手的,艰难的;varied不同的;specific具体的。故选B。 14.D　根据上文“Agricultural research work is 　13　 and complicated.”可知,农业研究的特点是有时研究人员的付出不能“达到目的”。end up最终成为;let down使失望;break up破裂;pay off取得好结果。故选D。   15.A　上文提到有时付出可能不能达到目的,再结合“think more, discuss more”可知,只能多思考、多讨论,在土地上找到“答案”。故选A。 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $