专题-S641 选修三 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 阅读理解【题型易-考试题型精练】高二下(选择性必修三)英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版2019）

高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 专题-S641阅读理解 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·广东梅州·阶段练习）For many years, Bruce Bexler dreamed of going where no human had gone before. He wanted to cut a path through unexplored lands and discover rare, exotic species. That might sound like an impossible dream, but Bexler turned it into a reality. In December 2015, he and a team of Australian and American scientists ventured into an isolated tropical rain forest on the island of New Guinea. They were the first people ever to enter the mist-covered region. “As time was limited, we were dropped in by helicopter. Once we were on the ground, there were no trails anywhere; it was really hard to get around, ” Bexler says. Within minutes of landing, the team spotted a black chicken-like bird with strange orange skin hanging from its neck. The scientists soon determined that the unusual creature was a type of honeyeaters — the first new bird species to be sighted on New Guinea in 60 years. The honeyeater wasn’t the only surprise for the scientists. They discovered more than 40 previously unknown plant and animal species — 13 birds of paradise, 20 frogs, four butterflies, and five palms. “We were like kids in a candy store,” Bexler recalls. “Everywhere we looked, we saw amazing things we had never seen before.” The newfound species didn’t shy away from the scientists. Two long-nosed echidnas — primitive egg-laying mammals — let the visitors pick them up and take them back to camp to study them. An echidna looks like a hedgehog and is also called a spiny anteater. Bexler thinks the animals weren’t scared because they had never seen humans before. “In almost all parts of New Guinea, animals are hunted for food, and because of this, they are very cautious of people,” he explains. “This area gives scientists a place where they can go to study the behaviours of animals that have not yet learned to be afraid of people. ” Scientists believe the area is probably the largest untouched forest in Asia. Local people called Kwerba hunt and collect plants from the outer-edges of the forest but told Bexler that not even their ancestors had gone so far into the woods. The wooded area is approximately a 10-day walk from the nearest village. Bexler and his team did not have enough time during the expedition to study the area completely. They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species. “We just scratched the surface,” Bexler says. “Anyone who goes there will come back with a mystery.” 1．Which word can best describe Bruce Bexler? A．Adventurous. B．Cautious. C．Optimistic. D．Careful. 2．What does Bruce Bexler mean by saying “We were like kids in a candy store”? A．They didn’t have enough food and were hungry. B．They were very excited about what they saw. C．They were misbehaving like naughty children. D．They knew that if they kept searching, they’d find sugar in the forest. 3．What can we conclude about the area Bruce Bexler explored? A．The best way to explore the area is by helicopter. B．The locals live in the centre of the forest. C．The area still contains many plants and animals unknown to science. D．The locals are unwilling to allow the scientists to enter the deep woods. Passage 2 （23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure — a 32,000-kilometer bike trip from Alaska to Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 months after he started. Liam, an experienced cyclist, had previously ridden from Los Angeles to San Francisco. He made short videos of that trip, and shared them on the social media app TikTok, some of which became quite popular. After reading a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins, who biked from Oregon to Argentina, Liam decided to cycle from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, the northernmost point in the United States accessible by road, to Ushuaia, Argentina, the southernmost point of South America. Liam set out on August 1, 2021. At first Liam’s parents weren’t too happy about him taking such a long bike trip by himself though it wouldn’t take that much money. But as he carried on, his parents became his strongest supporters. After about three months, Liam had crossed the US, going south along the West Coast. By early December, he had reached Mexico, from which his parents came to the US many years ago. “So crossing the entire country on a bike and reconnecting with my culture and learning the language in the place my family is from is so deeply important to me,” Liam explained emotionally. But Liam also faced challenges in Mexico. He was robbed in Mexico, and at one point, he considered quitting because the incredible heat made biking extremely difficult. In all, he was robbed five times on the trip. He got very sick more than once. In Colombia, he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery. In spite of it all, he kept going through rain, sun, heat, cold, deserts and mountains. Liam finally arrived in his destination on January 10, 2023 — 527 days after he started. He had travelled through 14 countries along the way. 1．What contributed to Liam’s decision to bike through 14 countries? A．His previous related experiences. B．His parents’ encouragement. C．A desire to shoot short videos. D．A book by Jedidiah Jenkins. 2．Why did Liam feel special in Mexico? A．He went there for the first time. B．He found his family tree’s roots. C．He biked there as scheduled. D．He had to speak another language. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To inspire our love for nature. B．To promote low-carbon travel. C．To encourage us to see our strengths. D．To call on us to learn a kind of spirit. Passage 3 （23-24高二下·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·阶段练习）It was a little after midnight when I heard footsteps approaching my tent. Normally when wild camping, a sound like this would cause me to sink further into my sleeping bag, hoping I wouldn't be seen. Yet that night on the hillside, there was no need to remain hidden. I was surrounded by six other women in tents, giving a whole new meaning to the phrase “girl's night out”. As an adventurer and passionate solo wild camper, I have been exploring the wilderness alone for more than 15 years. I have never needed company on adventures. I'm not afraid of sleeping out solo. But wild camping in a group scares me. Of the six with me that night, four had never wild camped before, while the other two were fellow adventurers Sophie Roberts and Anna McNuff. I arrived late. Already the conversation was in full swing and I felt worried about joining them. While the camping beginners were talking about their fears of sleeping outside, I, on the other hand, worried about socialising. Yet as soon as I arrived I was welcomed into the fold. I was handed a plate of food, offered a drink and included in the conversation. There was no campfire, but I felt unexpectedly warm in their presence. We spent at least an hour talking. Anna asked the newbies the main barriers to them getting into the outdoors. They said they were worried about safety. They would only be able to sleep knowing there was a group of us. A couple of months after our camp, Anna and I cofounded an online adventure community for women called Adventure Queens. “We wanted to create a space for women to share ideas and exchange tips,” says Anna. “Adventure Queens began as a single Facebook group, but it has grown.” Now there are 13,000 community members, 60 volunteers, 25 regional groups, three international ones and a mums’ group too. Not bad for something that began as a night out on a hillside for a small group of friends. 1. Why did the author stay calm upon hearing footsteps at midnight? A．She felt too tired to respond. B．She was familiar with the footsteps. C．She felt safe with a group of companions. D．She was a brave solo wild camper at heart. 2. What worried the author concerning wild camping in a group? A．Sleeping with strangers. B．Organizing satisfying adventures. C．Training camping beginners. D．Communicating with others. 3. Which word can best describe the atmosphere of the group camping trip? A．Romantic. B．Pleasant. C．Competitive. D．Embarrassing. 4. What can we learn about Adventure Queens? A．It has been well received. B．It needs to expand further. C．It is targeted at mums. D．It is highly profitable. Passage 4 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）The HISTORY Channel series Alone drops contestants into some of the planet’s most punishing environments, with a bare minimum of clothing, safety and survival gear. In their battle against the elements, contestants are forced to use their fitness, their courage and their creativity to become true survivalists. Few people choose to be thrown into such extreme situations, but those who do have usually stumbled into some immense bad luck. Just check out one of the famous real-life survival stories: Mauro Prosperi is an Italian police officer who gained worldwide fame after getting lost in the Sahara Desert in 1994. A keen athlete and long-distance runner, Mauro took part in the 1994 Marathon of the Sands in Morocco, a six-day-long endurance race in one of the driest and barren environments on the planet. During the race, a sandstorm caused Prosperi, then 39 years old, married and father to three children, to become disoriented. One day after going off track, he found himself in an abandoned Muslim temple in Algeria. In order to survive, he killed and ate bats. For liquid, he was forced to drink his own waste, lick dew off of rocks and suck moisture out of his wet wipes. Assuming he would never be found, he cut his wrists with a pen knife from his supplies. However, it was such a dry heat that the wounds thickened and concreted, and he was forced to go back into the desert and attempt to find help. For nine days he walked through the desert and ate insects and cold-blooded animals. Finally, he found a small village. From there he was flown to a hospital, where doctors said his liver had almost completely failed. Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prosperi lost 35 pounds in body weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it took several months before he could eat solid food again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and completed the race in 2012. 1. Prosperi have to discontinue the Marathon of the Sands because ______. A．his supplies were running out B．his children didn’t want to lose him C．he lost his way for the bad weather D．he couldn’t tolerate the extreme heat 2. What caused Mauro Prosperi to head back to the desert for help? A．His intention to heal the wound. B．His failure to take away his own life. C．His decreasing interest in food sources. D．His discomfort with the temple environment. 3. According to the passage, what can be inferred about Mauro Prosperi’s experience? A．He found an alternative source of water in a traditional way. B．He demonstrated the determination to survive all the way through. C．His story was a proof of the worsening relationship between man and nature. D．His eventual return to the race signified his persistence. 4. What is the primary purpose of the passage? A．To entertain readers with an awe-inspiring fictional adventure story. B．To educate readers about the possible dangers of punishing environments. C．To inspire readers with human’s ability to survive the extreme challenges. D．To remind readers of the value of essential survival skills and preparedness. Passage 5 （23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）As I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment-it was the opponents’ home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan’s team was trailing (落后) for three quarters (节) of the game. As for me, I had been fired from my job earlier in the day. During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities. This is the same belief as I always try to teach my son. The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan’s team still trailing. I saw the determination on his face, as well as his teammates’ faces as they fought back to not only tie with the other team, but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie the score again. With the game in a tie and few seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball. With skill and confidence, he proceeded to make a basket with a defender hanging his hands all over him. The defender was warned for a foul (犯规). As Nathan stood at the free-throw line preparing for a shot that would make his team one point ahead, I saw the determination on his face again. There was no room for self- doubt. Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw with such skill. It was as if he had done it a thousand times. As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride. It dawned on me that I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He would play in the finals, but it didn’t matter if he would win or lose. At this moment, we both won. 1. Why did the author feel sorry? A．He had made a big mistake in his work. B．He used to be too busy to accompany Nathan. C．Nathan’s team was too weak to compete in the game. D．He and Nathan were both going through a hard time. 2. Which of the following words can best describe the author? A．Self-centred and pessimistic. B．Self-confident and optimistic. C．Hard-working and intelligent. D．Easy-going and warm-hearted. 3. What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Ignore. B．Focus. C．Create. D．Receive. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Father and Son in Life B．A Lesson in Life and Basketball C．It Matters Whether to Win or Lose D．Life Goes Just like Playing Basketball 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·安徽阜阳·期末）Bright and early on the morning of our first full day in Antarctica, L’ Austral’s Captain Fabien’s voice woke us up as it came through a loudspeaker. If we looked outside right now, he said, we’d see a beautiful sea of icebergs in the golden sunlight. My sister and I jumped out of bed, staring in amazement as we sailed past giant pieces of ice. In the distance, we spotted a group of humpback whales feeding on smaller fishes. Next door, my parents were also waking up to the sights of a new day in Antarctica. Over breakfast, my sister and I excitedly told them about the whales we saw from our room that morning. You might not immediately think of “family vacation” when talking about a trip to Antarctica, but tour companies like Adventures by Disney are changing that. The company offers guided group trips to destinations across all seven continents in the world. Our adventure started when we flew to Buenos Aires and explored the beautiful Argentine capital for a day. After leaving Buenos Aires, we flew to Ushuaia on an Adventures by Disney plane. Then, it was the journey toward the Drake Passage. After a speedy Drake Passage crossing, we reached Antarctica early, adding a half day to our scheduled four days on and around the continent. To those unfamiliar with Adventures by Disney, the fact that you can experience Antarctica — the most distant, extreme continent — with Disney might be surprising. During the trip, there were thoughtful acts, from stamped postcards to send from an Antarctica post office to a champagne (香槟) party on our final stop of the journey; Adventures by Disney truly thought of everything for us. Antarctica is a life-changing destination packed with experiences that can’t be copied. We experienced seasickness when travelling across the Drake Passage, hiked up ice hills alongside lovely animals, and had a taste of champagne. And honestly, it’s going to be hard for the next family trip we may take to compete. 1. How did the author and her sister feel when sailing past the icebergs? A．Terrific. B．Confused. C．Frightened. D．Dangerous. 2. What happened first on the author’s journey? A．They flew to Ushuaia. B．They toured around Buenos Aires. C．They passed through the Drake Passage. D．They hiked up ice hills alongside lovely animals. 3. What can we infer about their travel from the last paragraph? A．The author might feel bad when crossing the Drake Passage. B．The author was the most impressed by the champagne party. C．The author believes that their next travel will be more thrilling. D．The author thought an Antarctica post office should be established. 4. Which can serve as the best title for the text? A．Exploring Antarctica — A Place with Various animals B．An Antarctic Adventure for Scientific Research C．A Comfortable Travel Experience D．A Family’s Journey to Antarctica Passage 7 （2024·甘肃平凉·模拟预测）It lasted just 24 seconds, but it’s an unforgettable moment that has caught hearts everywhere. During a basketball game at Zeeland East High School in Zeeland, Michigan, the crowd fell quiet, giving high school junior Jules Hoogland an opportunity to take a shot. Hoogland, who is blind, followed along as a woman tapped (轻敲) a yellow pole against the backboard and a teammate guided her to the perfect position. Thirteen seconds later, the 11th grader nailed a free throw and the silent audience erupted in roaring cheers and applause. Zeeland Public Schools shared the extraordinary moment, filmed by Brandy Navetta, the school district’s communications and marketing director on Twitter, along with the words, “You thought national basketball tournaments were infusive, but Zeeland Public Schools Unified Basketball took over the court this morning. And the crowd went wild!” Hoogland’s mom Karen said she was so proud of her achievement. She also praised the young students for their respect and sensitivity towards her daughter. Hoogland set a new record on what blind people can achieve and wanted this video to inspire all those who are facing challenges. “I’m hoping this video will inspire others to keep trying no matter what their challenges are,” she said. Students from both Zeeland East and Zeeland West High School witnessed Hoogland’s uplifting shot, part of an inclusive basketball game with zLinks. Nathan VandeGuchte, a special education teacher with Zeeland West, added that inclusive sports has made a significant impact on students at Zeeland schools since the zLinks program started. “It was so moving to see Hoogland hit that shot again in front of 2,500 people,” said Nathan. “The lens (视角) with which many of our special education students are viewed has now been forever changed. They know that they are important, and they recognize that they are contributing members of our student body!” 1. Why did the crowd go wild as Hoogland nailed a free throw? A．Because she couldn’t see. B．Because she was competitive. C．Because it was her first shot. D．Because it was the end of the game. 2. What does the underlined word “infusive” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Addictive. B．Puzzling. C．Informative. D．Exciting. 3. What message does Hoogland convey to us through her story? A．Dream big, dream early. B．Never fear to fight challenges. C．Interest is the best teacher. D．The more one does, the more one can do. 4. What can we infer about the special education students from Nathan’s words? A．They were usually overestimated. B．They got confidence from the program. C．They should be given more opportunities. D．They were eager to explore the unknown. Passage 8 （23-24高二下·广东·期末）Aron Lee Ralston came into the world within the nurturing environment of a middle-class American family. His formative years took a pivotal turn when, at the age of twelve, his family relocated to Colorado, a move that sowed the seeds of his profound affection for trekking amidst the majestic canyons. On the fateful day of April 26th, 2003, Ralston found himself at the precipice of a life-threatening predicament, one that nearly culminated in his demise. While venturing solo through the Blue John Canyon, an inadvertent misstep caused him to dislodge an enormous boulder, which subsequently ensnared his right hand against the unyielding canyon wall. Having embarked on this solitary expedition without alerting anyone to his whereabouts, Ralston faced the harrowing realization that he might remain entrapped indefinitely. Despite his valiant efforts to extricate his hand, he was met with failure, and the futility of crying out for assistance became apparent. Moreover, the exertion required to shout for help would deplete the energy reserves that were crucial for enduring the dire circumstances over an extended period. As the days unfolded, the grim reality of his entrapment under an 800-pound boulder set in, compelling Ralston to contemplate the unthinkable: severing his own right hand. Armed with a rudimentary pocket knife, whose edge was insufficiently sharp to penetrate bone, he faced the daunting task of self-amputation. As time elapsed and his provisions of sustenance and hydration dwindled, he inscribed his name, birth date, and a projected date of death upon the stone. In a twist of fortune, Ralston conceived an ingenious strategy to harness the principle of torque and the leverage of his own bones to detach his arm from his torso. Employing the modest tool at his disposal, he ultimately managed to achieve this desperate act and staggered out of the canyon, hemorrhaging profusely. Providentially, a family on holiday espied him in this dire state, offering him sustenance and hydration before conveying him to a medical facility. In the aftermath of this harrowing ordeal, Ralston was fitted with a prosthetic limb and, undeterred, resumed his passion for mountaineering. He embraced the accident as a transformative“turning point”in his existence, a testament to his indomitable spirit and resilience. 1. What happened to Aron while he was hiking? A．He was too tired and unable to climb B．He suffered a knife wound in his right leg C．He accidentally fell down the mountain. D．He got a hand stuck between a rock and the canyon wall 2. Why did Aron stop calling for help? A．He found a way to save himself. B．He needed to save energy. C．He gave up hope for survival D．He met a family on vacation. 3. How did Aron save himself? A．He removed the huge stone. B．He cut off his arm with a knife. C．He was pulled out of there by his family. D．He was rescued by people from a hospital. 4. Which of the following words can best describe Aron? A．Enthusiastic and kind. B．Independent and generous. C．Adventurous and determined D．Responsible and professional. Passage 9 （22-23高二下·安徽池州·期中）Len Collingwood, a clinical nurse specialist, retired on his 65th birthday. He told his wife,Sally, he would“start out as an adventure cyclist.” Four months later, he set off on a 13,000 km cycle ride from Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia to Edinburgh, much of it roughly shadowing Marco Polo’s Silk Road. No sooner had he started out than a snowstorm hit. He hid in his tent, wearing every item of clothing he had packed. At -18℃ it was too cold to go outside to cook. He survived the next 48 hours by eating a massive bag of chocolates. So it is a surprise to hear Collingwood say that he has never feared for his life. “Never. There’s always something to be curious about,” he says. In 2018, he rode from Edinburgh to Istanbul to earn a place in Guinness World Records. “There are very few records a man over 60 can break,” he says. During the trip, he got a dozen flat tyres. But he fixed each one. “I’ve always been serious about purpose. If something is to be done, it is to be done properly. People go forwards and people go backwards.The difficult bit is managing the times when people go backwards,” he says. “Don’t let the moment ruin the whole thing.” He turns 71 this year. He is about to begin the 1,407 km trip to John O’ Groats. It sounds tough but he insists “it’s just a matter of spinning (转) the wheels.” Still, they don’t spin on their own. His daughter — a yoga teacher — has suggested weights to maintain muscle mass. His son, a cyclist, keeps him up to speed on the latest technology. Collingwood is planning new rides in France next year, and beyond that hopes “to spread my wings further. There is peace on a bicycle,” he says. “The joy is the actual doing of the activity. Going further means you’re just doing more of something you enjoy.” 1. What happened to Collingwood when his first journey had just started? A．He lost his way in Mongolia. B．He got trapped in heavy snow. C．He had nothing to satisfy his hunger. D．He had no clothes to protect himself from the cold 2. Which of the following can best describe Collingwood? A．Courageous and determined. B．Generous and demanding. C．Curious and imaginative. D．Unusual and scholarly. 3. How did Collingwood’s son help him? A．By checking his physical condition. B．By planning the routes for him. C．By giving him technical support. D．By accompanying him on the way. 4. What does Collingwood say about cycling? A．It contributes to his health. B．It helps him kill boring time. C．It calls for careful planning. D．It carries his joy forward. Passage 10 （23-24高二下·浙江宁波·期末）The view from the top was breathtaking. It was 2023 and I had just climbed the Hvannadals Peak in Iceland, almost seven years after becoming paralyzed from the chest down after a climbing fall. My two teammates and I were on our way to becoming the first all-disabled team to cross Europe’s largest ice cap, the mighty Vatnajökull glacier, unsupported and unassisted. A year before, when Niall McCann first suggested making the 100–mile trip, I was excited by the prospect of returning to this lost world of crevasses (冰裂缝), mountains and ice, but upset and anxious about whether I’d struggle. Back then, I still would have given anything for my legs to work and to be able to walk again. But I was eager for adventure and signed on to do the trip with McCann, who had broken his back when paragliding, and EdJackson, a former professional rugby player who had broken his neck in 2017. This was going to be the toughest challenge of my life. And yet, with each drive of my poles into the snow, I pushed myself further from civilization — and closer to the man I’d once been. My mind drifted to the last time I was on a mountain before my accident, climbing Monte Rosa in the Italian Alps and feeling the addictive mixture of excitement and trepidation. Those same emotions returned as we battled through powerful storms and hidden crevasses before we reached the ice cap’s highest point. I was at the top when I was hit by an unexpected wave of emotion. I realized that, despite all that I had been through — all the challenges and setbacks I had faced — if someone asked me if I wanted my legs back, I would have said no. That moment affected every aspect of my life and the way I perceived my disability. No longer did I consider myself disabled or injured, because, if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap, I could overcome the frustrations and setbacks of day-to-day life with resilience and persistence. Yes, I do still have a life-changing injury — but, for me, it’s been for the better. 1. What can you know about the team? A．It got assistance from an organization. B．Its members all had a form of disability. C．It followed the steps of a similar previous team. D．It consisted of people paralyzed down the chest. 2. What might have really caused the writer to hesitate about the trip? A．His paralyzed legs. B．Fear of potential danger. C．The lost world of ice. D．Lack of proper equipment. 3. What’s does the underlined word “trepidation” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Fear. B．Bravery. C．Happiness. D．Disappointment. 4. What did the writer think of his injury after he made it to the top? A．It left him nothing but all setbacks. B．It caused his unexpected bad emotion. C．He wouldn’t know his potential otherwise. D．He was tortured by the frustrations it caused. 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·广东中山·阶段练习）The French couple Katia and Mauric Kraff, shard an attraction to volcanoes (火山), one that perhaps approached an addiction. There are many people interested in volcanoes, but very few who are willing to climb an erupting crater (喷发的火山口) and approach the flowing lava (岩浆). Katia and Maurice did a lot of work, shooting photographs and films of volcano eruptions, always being the first on the scene of an active volcano, and the ones who fearlessly came to just a few feet from lava flows. They were not only highly respected by volcanologists (火山学家) all around the world, but also envied. The couple met in the 1960s when they were both students at the University of Strasbourg, and got married in 1970. Both of them were attracted to volcanoes since childhood. Upon graduating, Katia and Maurice pursued their careers as volcano observers with no financial support at all, just their own savings, which they spent on a trip to Stromboli to observe the eruption of the volcano. They took an incredible and valuable set of photographs of the near-continuous eruption. People were curious about the photographs, while public officials working on threatening volcanoes found them useful. This interest in their work helped the French couple to establish a career in documenting eruptions. Now able to obtain financial support for their work, Katia and Maurice visited hundreds, if not thousands, of volcanoes around the globe. They traveled and recorded eruptions, always getting closer to the danger than anyone else. In June 1991, along with 40 other people, the Kraffts set out to film the eruption at Mount Unzen in Japan. A sudden and unexpected flow took place and all the people in its path were killed. Later investigation revealed that Katia’s and Maurice’s bodies were closest to the volcano crater. They were 44 and 45 years old respectively. In their 25-year-long career, the couple documented hundreds of volcanoes, and their work consists of thousands of sill photos, 300 hours off film materials, a number of books, and scientific articles published in Bulletin of Volcanology. 1. When did the couple start their career as volcano observers? A．As children. B．While studying at college. C．When leaving university. D．After getting married. 2. What is unique to the couple’s photographs of volcanoes? A．They focused on threatening volcanoes. B．They were taken with their own savings. C．They recorded continuous eruption of volcanoes. D．They were shot at a shorter distance from lava flows. 3. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The couple didn’t get prepared before setting out. B．The couple had been married for 25 years before the accident. C．The couple made a great fortune (财富) with what they shot. D．The couple went ahead of the rest at the last minute. 4. Which o f the following can best describe the couple? A．Caring and demanding. B．Promising and optimistic. C．Brave and devoted. D．Dynamic and calm. Passage 12 （22-23高二下·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·阶段练习）In the 1880s, long before she became her era’s greatest female explorer, eight-year-old Harriet Chalmers traveled through the Sierra Nevada on horseback with her father. When she was 24, Chalmers married Franklin Pierce Adams, and they set off for Latin America, where they covered 40,000 miles on a horse, by boat and on foot. When they returned nearly three years later, she gave a lecture at National Geographic and started a 30-year career as a contributor. Adams made it her mission to visit every country that was or had been a Spanish colony, and revisited the places where Christopher Columbus had stayed from Europe to the Americas. She traveled around Asia and attended Haile Selassie’s Coronation(加冕礼) as the emperor of Ethiopia. During World War I, she was the first female journalist allowed to photograph the French trenches(战壕), where she stayed for months. She wrote 21 articles detailing her experiences for National Geographic, more than any other woman published in the magazine’s first half century. In those pieces, she criticized(批评) the injustices that she had observed. “Where were the blessings the Europeans claimed they brought to millions of Latin Americans? I could hardly find them,” she wrote after a visit to Peru. “What have they not suffered under the control of the Europeans?” Adams had no professional training as a geographer and had never been to college, but her color photo slides and adventurous travel style won her invitations to speak around the world, often from the organizations that had never invited a woman before. She was the third American woman asked to join the Royal Geographical Society in England. However, the New York-based Explorers Club gave her and other outstanding female adventurers the cold shoulder. “Men have always been so afraid that some mere women might get into their discussion that they don’t even permit women in their clubhouses,” Adams once said, “Let alone allow them to attend any meetings for discussions that might be significantly helpful.” Several female explorers decided to form their own club. In 1925, the Society of Woman Geographers started with Adams as president, and she served until moving to France in 1933, where she died four years later at 61. 1. What did Adams do during the first three years of her marriage? A．She traveled through the Sierra Nevada. B．She explored Latin America with her husband. C．She contributed regularly to National Geographic. D．She learned horse riding under her husband’s guidance. 2. What was Adams involved in during World War I? A．Taking photographs on the front line. B．Traveling around European countries. C．Fighting together with French soldiers. D．Doing research on Christopher Columbus. 3. What was Adams’ attitude to these Europeans in Paragraph 3? A．Positive, B．Carefree. C．Grateful. D．Negative. 4. How did Explorers Club treat Adams? A．It refused her help coldly. B．It paid no attention to her. C．It invited her to join in their discussion. D．It asked her to join the Royal Geographical Society. Passage 13 （22-23高二下·山东潍坊·期末）Jenn Larson was just 14 years old when she took over the bookkeeping for her family’s dairy farm near Firth, Idaho. She soon saw firsthand how challenging it was for her parents, who lacked any college education, to properly manage the unpredictable earnings of farming. This started a lifelong passion for finance, and it led her down an unexpected path to becoming a role model she never had. Yet, such ambitions ran in obvious contrast to everything familiar to her. “I didn’t have any advisors,” Larson says. “I didn’t have anyone to look up to for a professional example. All the women I associated with were stay-at-home moms.” Despite having parents who couldn’t fully understand her ambitions, Larson went to the BYU Marriott School, where she earned a business degree and focused much of her coursework on international finance. Larson worked for seven years as a financial representative with Northwestern Mutual, advising clients on important financial decisions. Larson returned to BYU Marriott in 2008 to earn an MBA, and accepted a position in the school as an assistant professor following her graduation. For more than a decade, Larson has taught finance classes to undergraduate and MBA students. While she teaches finance, Larson tries to help her students see how mastering finance principles can also impact their personal lives. Constantly balancing motherhood and work, Larson makes adjustments to the way she teaches. She gave birth to her first three children in three years while teaching at BYU Marriott, wondering at times if labor might start while in front of a class full of students. During the pandemic, Larson taught online classes from her dining room table while taking care of a newborn and other young children at home. As a female instructor in the often male-dominated finance industry, Larson works to inspire other women who seek a similar path to hers. Larson became the role model that she never had — the example that a 14-year-old girl staring at a farming expense sheet couldn’t find. Now, Labor on’s children and students will always have that example. 1. What motivated Larson to major in finance? A．Her experience of managing accounts. B．Her strong desire for college education. C．The high expectations from her parents. D．The challenging labor on her dairy farm. 2. What problem did Larson face when she decided to study finance? A．She had no one to ask for advice. B．She was unsure about the coursework. C．She was misunderstood by her neighbours. D．She was unfamiliar with everything at school. 3. What does the underlined word “labor” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．The work of looking after a baby. B．The process of dealing with students. C．The process of giving birth to a baby. D．The work of adjusting teaching methods. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Following Your Interest B．Balancing Work and Family C．Becoming Your Own Role Model D．Seeking a Way to Become a Role Model Passage 14 （2024·全国·模拟预测）My parents had purchased an Island Packet 445 ten months prior, and the day to board this boat had finally come. I was 11 years old and knew absolutely nothing about this cruising (海上航游) lifestyle my father had been speaking so highly of for the previous five years. The only thing I knew for sure was that I didn’t want to leave my home. My father was excited, my mother nervous, my brother disinterested, and I sullen. I was not at all eager about this change in my lifestyle. The first three months on the boat had not been very easy. What my dad called an adjustment period I called a nightmare. But, after three months of traveling, we had a lucky break. In La Paz, there was another cruising boat with a 13-year-old boy aboard. Two weeks later, Glen and I could be seen endlessly boogie boarding (趴板冲浪) the crashing waves to the beach. After meeting Glen, cruising for me began to get better and better. At some point during these months, I decided to give this cruising idea a chance. One year later, we continued touring through the South Pacific. I was learning new skills and learning how to work independently. I often took a five-hour watch during the dark hours of long passages. This was quite a bit of responsibility to hand over to a 13-year-old, especially considering I was in charge of adjusting sails as the conditions changed, and keeping an eye and ear out for any problems. Almost everybody in the cruising community treated me as an adult while still understanding I was a child, thereby giving me the flexibility to make childish mistakes. As of this writing, my family has now been aboard for three years. We have plans to return to Canada in 12 months and, similar to how I opposed moving onto the boat, I am now completely opposed to moving off it. I have so much fun and learn so many things on this boat that I can’t imagine ever returning “home”, a place I hardly even remember. 1. What does the underlined word “sullen” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Upset. B．Calm. C．Confused. D．Astonished. 2. What made the author start to embrace the cruising idea? A．Overcoming the fear of nightmares. B．Having fun with someone of his age. C．Learning how to work independently. D．Making a breakthrough in boarding skills. 3. Which of the following words can best describe the author? A．Stubborn but reliable. B．Childish but adaptable. C．Inconsiderate but flexible. D．Dependent but responsible. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A．Benefits of the Cruising Lifestyle B．First Day aboard Island Packet 445 C．What Motivates a Teenager to Change His Lifestyle D．How a Young Sailor Learns to Love the Cruising Life Passage 15 （2024·山东泰安·一模）As to psychological well-being, the comfort zone is frequently perceived as a haven, a familiar location where individuals feel calm and peaceful. Pushing beyond this psychological state might have benefits. The comfort zone can be understood as a behavioral metaphor. Within a comfort zone, an individual takes on a state of minimal anxiety without a perception of risk, responding predictably to deliver a consistent level of performance. These include behaviors that people do commonly, find relaxing, or that take them away from high-stress situations. Engaging in the same manner over time leads to a predictable and familiar zone of comfort. As creatures of habit, we become dependent on these routines that we know we can complete well to feel secure. However, by stepping outside of our comfort zone, we learn about our ability to handle new situations and control risks, leading to greater self-confidence, and lower levels of anxiety. One study found that individuals who are more secure in stepping out of their comfort zone are more likely to be excited by and look forward to new experiences, feeling greater confidence in their ability to take them on. One behavior that demonstrates the benefits of stepping out of a comfort zone is learning to play a musical instrument. When we consider actions outside of our comfort zone, we must assess our desire to engage in that activity. By weighing the pros and cons, we evaluate how uncomfortable a situation may seem, and whether the danger of entering such an unknown situation will be worth the risk. Music offers a safe way to step out of your initial comfort zone because you can begin by practicing in an isolated setting, which offers a casual, safe way to build a new skill set. By picking up and practicing a new instrument, you have proven to yourself that you are capable of meeting an unfamiliar objective, thus decreasing anxiety. 1. What does the underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Habitat. B．Shelter. C．Community. D．Destination. 2. Which will not be considered when we step out of our comfort zone? A．We recall the old experience. B．We think whether it is worth the risk. C．We evaluate our thirsty for the activity. D．We weigh the strengths and weaknesses. 3. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．The definition of the comfort zone. B．The importance of psychological well-being. C．The process of learning a new musical instrument. D．The benefits of stepping out of one’s comfort zone. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How to Identify Comfort Zone B．Staying Inside Comfort Zone is Important C．Stepping Outside Comfort Zone Promotes Learning D．How to Take Yourself Away from High-stress Situations 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$专题-S641阅读理解 人教版选择性必修三 题型特训 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 （23-24高二下·广东梅州·阶段练习）For many years, Bruce Bexler dreamed of going where no human had gone before. He wanted to cut a path through unexplored lands and discover rare, exotic species. That might sound like an impossible dream, but Bexler turned it into a reality. In December 2015, he and a team of Australian and American scientists ventured into an isolated tropical rain forest on the island of New Guinea. They were the first people ever to enter the mist-covered region. “As time was limited, we were dropped in by helicopter. Once we were on the ground, there were no trails anywhere; it was really hard to get around, ” Bexler says. Within minutes of landing, the team spotted a black chicken-like bird with strange orange skin hanging from its neck. The scientists soon determined that the unusual creature was a type of honeyeaters — the first new bird species to be sighted on New Guinea in 60 years. The honeyeater wasn’t the only surprise for the scientists. They discovered more than 40 previously unknown plant and animal species — 13 birds of paradise, 20 frogs, four butterflies, and five palms. “We were like kids in a candy store,” Bexler recalls. “Everywhere we looked, we saw amazing things we had never seen before.” The newfound species didn’t shy away from the scientists. Two long-nosed echidnas — primitive egg-laying mammals — let the visitors pick them up and take them back to camp to study them. An echidna looks like a hedgehog and is also called a spiny anteater. Bexler thinks the animals weren’t scared because they had never seen humans before. “In almost all parts of New Guinea, animals are hunted for food, and because of this, they are very cautious of people,” he explains. “This area gives scientists a place where they can go to study the behaviours of animals that have not yet learned to be afraid of people. ” Scientists believe the area is probably the largest untouched forest in Asia. Local people called Kwerba hunt and collect plants from the outer-edges of the forest but told Bexler that not even their ancestors had gone so far into the woods. The wooded area is approximately a 10-day walk from the nearest village. Bexler and his team did not have enough time during the expedition to study the area completely. They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species. “We just scratched the surface,” Bexler says. “Anyone who goes there will come back with a mystery.” 1．Which word can best describe Bruce Bexler? A．Adventurous. B．Cautious. C．Optimistic. D．Careful. 2．What does Bruce Bexler mean by saying “We were like kids in a candy store”? A．They didn’t have enough food and were hungry. B．They were very excited about what they saw. C．They were misbehaving like naughty children. D．They knew that if they kept searching, they’d find sugar in the forest. 3．What can we conclude about the area Bruce Bexler explored? A．The best way to explore the area is by helicopter. B．The locals live in the centre of the forest. C．The area still contains many plants and animals unknown to science. D．The locals are unwilling to allow the scientists to enter the deep woods. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Bruce Bexler梦想去人类从未到过的地方，后来他与澳大利亚和美国的科学家在新几内亚岛发现了一些新物种。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“For many years, Bruce Bexler dreamed of going where no human had gone before. He wanted to cut a path through unexplored lands and discover rare, exotic species. (多年来，布Bruce Bexler一直梦想着去人类从未去过的地方。他想在未开发的土地上开辟一条道路，发现稀有的外来物种)”可知，Bruce Bexler梦想去人类从未到过的地方，开辟道路，发现稀有物种。由此推知，他是一个具有冒险精神的人。故选A项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线句的下文“Everywhere we looked, we saw amazing things we had never seen before. (我们所到之处，都看到了以前从未见过的令人惊奇的东西)”可知，他们对之前从未见过的事物感到惊奇。由此推知，画线句指的是Bruce Bexler在这个杳无人烟的地方因为发现了许多未曾见过的新物种而非常兴奋，就像糖果店里的孩子一样。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Bexler and his team did not have enough time during the expedition to study the area completely. They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species. (Bexler和他的团队在考察期间没有足够的时间对该地区进行全面研究。他们希望能回到这里，记录更多未被发现的物种)”可知，这个地区仍然有很多科学上未知的动植物。故选C项。 Passage 2 （23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure — a 32,000-kilometer bike trip from Alaska to Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 months after he started. Liam, an experienced cyclist, had previously ridden from Los Angeles to San Francisco. He made short videos of that trip, and shared them on the social media app TikTok, some of which became quite popular. After reading a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins, who biked from Oregon to Argentina, Liam decided to cycle from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, the northernmost point in the United States accessible by road, to Ushuaia, Argentina, the southernmost point of South America. Liam set out on August 1, 2021. At first Liam’s parents weren’t too happy about him taking such a long bike trip by himself though it wouldn’t take that much money. But as he carried on, his parents became his strongest supporters. After about three months, Liam had crossed the US, going south along the West Coast. By early December, he had reached Mexico, from which his parents came to the US many years ago. “So crossing the entire country on a bike and reconnecting with my culture and learning the language in the place my family is from is so deeply important to me,” Liam explained emotionally. But Liam also faced challenges in Mexico. He was robbed in Mexico, and at one point, he considered quitting because the incredible heat made biking extremely difficult. In all, he was robbed five times on the trip. He got very sick more than once. In Colombia, he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery. In spite of it all, he kept going through rain, sun, heat, cold, deserts and mountains. Liam finally arrived in his destination on January 10, 2023 — 527 days after he started. He had travelled through 14 countries along the way. 1．What contributed to Liam’s decision to bike through 14 countries? A．His previous related experiences. B．His parents’ encouragement. C．A desire to shoot short videos. D．A book by Jedidiah Jenkins. 2．Why did Liam feel special in Mexico? A．He went there for the first time. B．He found his family tree’s roots. C．He biked there as scheduled. D．He had to speak another language. 3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To inspire our love for nature. B．To promote low-carbon travel. C．To encourage us to see our strengths. D．To call on us to learn a kind of spirit. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名经验丰富的自行车手--LiamGamer，在2021年8月1日开始他的冒险骑行之旅，从阿拉斯加到阿根廷，沿途游历了14个国家，历经艰难险阻，在 2023年1月初终于完成了他的旅行。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“After reading a book by adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins, who biked from Oregon to Argentina, Liam decided to cycle from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, the northernmost point in the United States accessible by road, to Ushuaia, Argentina, the southernmost point of South America. (在阅读了冒险家Jedidiah Jenkins从俄勒冈州骑车到阿根廷的一本书后，Liam决定从美国最北端的阿拉斯加普拉德霍湾骑车到南美洲最南端的阿根廷乌斯怀亚)”可知，是在阅读了Jedidiah Jenkins的书之后， Liam Gamer开始了汽车穿越14个国家的旅行。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“By early December, he had reached Mexico, from which his parents came to the US many years ago. “So crossing the entire country on a bike and reconnecting with my culture and learning the language in the place my family is from is so deeply important to me, ” Liam explained emotionally. (12月初，他到达了墨西哥，他的父母多年前就是从墨西哥来到美国的。“所以骑自行车穿越整个国家，重新接触我的文化，学习我家乡的语言对我来说非常重要，”利亚姆激动地解释道。)”可知，Liam的家乡是墨西哥，骑行到此，可以接触到家乡的语言和文化。由此推知，Liam 觉得在墨西哥很特别是因为他找到了家族的根源。故选 B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure—a 32,000kilometer bike trip from Alaska to Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 months after he started. (Liam Gamer开始他的大冒险时只有17岁——从阿拉斯加到阿根廷的32000公里自行车之旅。在2023年1月初，他终于完成了他的旅行，在他开始17个月之后。)”以及倒数第二段中“He got very sick more than once. In Colombia, he had a bike accident that left him injured and required surgery.In spite of it all, he kept going through rain, sun, heat, cold, deserts and mountains. (他不止一次病得很重。在哥伦比亚，他骑自行车时发生了事故，导致他受伤，需要接受手术。尽管如此，他还是经历了风雨、烈日、炎热、寒冷、沙漠和高山。)”可知，Liam 历经艰难险阻完成旅行。由此推知，本文写作的目的是号召我们学习一种不畏艰难，勇敢坚持的精神。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高二下·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·阶段练习）It was a little after midnight when I heard footsteps approaching my tent. Normally when wild camping, a sound like this would cause me to sink further into my sleeping bag, hoping I wouldn't be seen. Yet that night on the hillside, there was no need to remain hidden. I was surrounded by six other women in tents, giving a whole new meaning to the phrase “girl's night out”. As an adventurer and passionate solo wild camper, I have been exploring the wilderness alone for more than 15 years. I have never needed company on adventures. I'm not afraid of sleeping out solo. But wild camping in a group scares me. Of the six with me that night, four had never wild camped before, while the other two were fellow adventurers Sophie Roberts and Anna McNuff. I arrived late. Already the conversation was in full swing and I felt worried about joining them. While the camping beginners were talking about their fears of sleeping outside, I, on the other hand, worried about socialising. Yet as soon as I arrived I was welcomed into the fold. I was handed a plate of food, offered a drink and included in the conversation. There was no campfire, but I felt unexpectedly warm in their presence. We spent at least an hour talking. Anna asked the newbies the main barriers to them getting into the outdoors. They said they were worried about safety. They would only be able to sleep knowing there was a group of us. A couple of months after our camp, Anna and I cofounded an online adventure community for women called Adventure Queens. “We wanted to create a space for women to share ideas and exchange tips,” says Anna. “Adventure Queens began as a single Facebook group, but it has grown.” Now there are 13,000 community members, 60 volunteers, 25 regional groups, three international ones and a mums’ group too. Not bad for something that began as a night out on a hillside for a small group of friends. 1. Why did the author stay calm upon hearing footsteps at midnight? A．She felt too tired to respond. B．She was familiar with the footsteps. C．She felt safe with a group of companions. D．She was a brave solo wild camper at heart. 2. What worried the author concerning wild camping in a group? A．Sleeping with strangers. B．Organizing satisfying adventures. C．Training camping beginners. D．Communicating with others. 3. Which word can best describe the atmosphere of the group camping trip? A．Romantic. B．Pleasant. C．Competitive. D．Embarrassing. 4. What can we learn about Adventure Queens? A．It has been well received. B．It needs to expand further. C．It is targeted at mums. D．It is highly profitable. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍作者是一个经常独自冒险的勇敢露营者，一次和六个人一起露营后，感觉很好，后来和一个伙伴一起创建了Adventure Queens，分享和交流经验，受到广泛欢迎。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“It was a little after midnight when I heard footsteps approaching my tent. Normally when wild camping, a sound like this would cause me to sink further into my sleeping bag, hoping I wouldn't be seen. (午夜刚过，我听到有人走近我的帐篷。通常在野外露营时，这样的声音会让我在睡袋里陷得更深，希望自己不会被人发现。)”和“As an adventurer and passionate solo wild camper, I have been exploring the wilderness alone for more than 15 years. I have never needed company on adventures. I'm not afraid of sleeping out solo. But wild camping in a group scares me. (作为一名冒险家和充满激情的独自野外露营者，我已经独自探索荒野超过15年了。我冒险从不需要同伴。我不怕一个人出去睡。但是集体野外露营让我害怕。)”故可推知作者已经是个勇敢的野外露营者，所以在午夜听到脚步声时会保持冷静，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Already the conversation was in full swing and I felt worried about joining them. While the camping beginners were talking about their fears of sleeping outside, I, on the other hand, worried about socialising. (谈话已经如火如荼地进行着，我对加入她们感到担心。当露营初学者在谈论她们对睡在户外的恐惧时，我却在担心社交。)”可知关于集体野外露营，作者担心的是社交，也就是和别人沟通，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Yet as soon as I arrived I was welcomed into the fold. I was handed a plate of food, offered a drink and included in the conversation. There was no campfire, but I felt unexpectedly warm in their presence. We spent at least an hour talking. (然而，我一到那里就受到了欢迎。有人递给我一盘食物，给了我一杯饮料，我也加入了谈话。没有篝火，但有她们在，我感到意外的温暖。我们谈了至少一个小时。)”可知集体露营的气氛是令人愉快的，故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“"We wanted to create a space for women to share ideas and exchange tips," says Anna. "Adventure Queens began as a single Facebook group, but it has grown." Now there are 13,000 community members, 60 volunteers, 25 regional groups, three international ones and a mums' group too. Not bad for something that began as a night out on a hillside for a small group of friends. ( “我们想为女性创造一个分享想法和交流技巧的空间，”安娜说。“Adventure Queens最初只是一个Facebook群组，但它已经发展壮大。”现在有1.3万名社区成员、60名志愿者、25个地区组织、3个国际组织和一个妈妈组织。对于一开始只是一小群朋友在山坡上度过的夜晚来说，这已经很不错了。)”可知Adventure Queens已经发展壮大，说明它受到了广泛的欢迎，故选A。 Passage 4 （23-24高二下·上海·期中）The HISTORY Channel series Alone drops contestants into some of the planet’s most punishing environments, with a bare minimum of clothing, safety and survival gear. In their battle against the elements, contestants are forced to use their fitness, their courage and their creativity to become true survivalists. Few people choose to be thrown into such extreme situations, but those who do have usually stumbled into some immense bad luck. Just check out one of the famous real-life survival stories: Mauro Prosperi is an Italian police officer who gained worldwide fame after getting lost in the Sahara Desert in 1994. A keen athlete and long-distance runner, Mauro took part in the 1994 Marathon of the Sands in Morocco, a six-day-long endurance race in one of the driest and barren environments on the planet. During the race, a sandstorm caused Prosperi, then 39 years old, married and father to three children, to become disoriented. One day after going off track, he found himself in an abandoned Muslim temple in Algeria. In order to survive, he killed and ate bats. For liquid, he was forced to drink his own waste, lick dew off of rocks and suck moisture out of his wet wipes. Assuming he would never be found, he cut his wrists with a pen knife from his supplies. However, it was such a dry heat that the wounds thickened and concreted, and he was forced to go back into the desert and attempt to find help. For nine days he walked through the desert and ate insects and cold-blooded animals. Finally, he found a small village. From there he was flown to a hospital, where doctors said his liver had almost completely failed. Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prosperi lost 35 pounds in body weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it took several months before he could eat solid food again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and completed the race in 2012. 1. Prosperi have to discontinue the Marathon of the Sands because ______. A．his supplies were running out B．his children didn’t want to lose him C．he lost his way for the bad weather D．he couldn’t tolerate the extreme heat 2. What caused Mauro Prosperi to head back to the desert for help? A．His intention to heal the wound. B．His failure to take away his own life. C．His decreasing interest in food sources. D．His discomfort with the temple environment. 3. According to the passage, what can be inferred about Mauro Prosperi’s experience? A．He found an alternative source of water in a traditional way. B．He demonstrated the determination to survive all the way through. C．His story was a proof of the worsening relationship between man and nature. D．His eventual return to the race signified his persistence. 4. What is the primary purpose of the passage? A．To entertain readers with an awe-inspiring fictional adventure story. B．To educate readers about the possible dangers of punishing environments. C．To inspire readers with human’s ability to survive the extreme challenges. D．To remind readers of the value of essential survival skills and preparedness. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了普洛斯彼里在沙漠中与大自然斗争，凭借他的健康、勇气和创造力，最后幸存下来的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“During the race, a sandstorm caused Prosperi, then 39 years old, married and father to three children, to become disoriented. One day after going off track, he found himself in an abandoned Muslim temple in Algeria.（在比赛期间，一场沙尘暴使当时39岁、已婚并有三个孩子的普洛斯彼里迷失了方向。在偏离赛道后的一天，他发现自己来到了阿尔及利亚一座废弃的穆斯林寺庙。）”可知，普洛斯彼里不得不停止马拉松，是因为恶劣的天气使他迷路了。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Assuming he would never be found, he cut his wrists with a pen knife from his supplies. However, it was such a dry heat that the wounds thickened and concreted, and he was forced to go back into the desert and attempt to find help.（他以为再也找不到他了，就从他的用品里拿了把钢笔刀割腕。然而，天气太热了，伤口变厚凝结，他被迫回到沙漠，试图寻求帮助。）”可知，普洛斯彼里回到沙漠寻求帮助是因为他没能结束自己的生命。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Having traveled 180 miles in all, Prosperi lost 35 pounds in body weight during his severe suffering in the desert; it took several months before he could eat solid food again. But he has remained an enthusiastic runner and even returned and completed the race in 2012.（在总共旅行了180英里之后，普洛斯彼里在沙漠中遭受了严重的痛苦，体重减轻了35磅；过了好几个月他才又能吃固体食物了。但他仍然是一个热情的跑步者，甚至在2012年回来完成了比赛。）”可以推论出，普洛斯彼里是一个坚持不懈的人。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“In their battle against the elements, contestants are forced to use their fitness, their courage and their creativity to become true survivalists.（在与大自然的斗争中，选手们被迫使用他们的健康、勇气和创造力，成为真正的生存主义者。）”和普洛斯彼里的故事可以推论出，本文的目的是通过人类在极端挑战中生存的能力来激励读者。故选C项。 Passage 5 （23-24高二下·全国·课后作业）As I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment-it was the opponents’ home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan’s team was trailing (落后) for three quarters (节) of the game. As for me, I had been fired from my job earlier in the day. During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities. This is the same belief as I always try to teach my son. The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan’s team still trailing. I saw the determination on his face, as well as his teammates’ faces as they fought back to not only tie with the other team, but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie the score again. With the game in a tie and few seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball. With skill and confidence, he proceeded to make a basket with a defender hanging his hands all over him. The defender was warned for a foul (犯规). As Nathan stood at the free-throw line preparing for a shot that would make his team one point ahead, I saw the determination on his face again. There was no room for self- doubt. Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw with such skill. It was as if he had done it a thousand times. As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride. It dawned on me that I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He would play in the finals, but it didn’t matter if he would win or lose. At this moment, we both won. 1. Why did the author feel sorry? A．He had made a big mistake in his work. B．He used to be too busy to accompany Nathan. C．Nathan’s team was too weak to compete in the game. D．He and Nathan were both going through a hard time. 2. Which of the following words can best describe the author? A．Self-centred and pessimistic. B．Self-confident and optimistic. C．Hard-working and intelligent. D．Easy-going and warm-hearted. 3. What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Ignore. B．Focus. C．Create. D．Receive. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Father and Son in Life B．A Lesson in Life and Basketball C．It Matters Whether to Win or Lose D．Life Goes Just like Playing Basketball 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛的过程中，看到儿子所在的球队在处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业正沮丧、不自信的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment—it was the opponents’ home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan’s team was trailing (落后) for three quarters (节) of the game. As for me, I had been fired from my job earlier in the day.(他的球队在球场上面临逆境，而他的比赛环境也很恶劣——对手的主场体育馆里挤满了他们的支持者，Nathan的球队在比赛中落后了三节。至于我，我今天早些时候被解雇了。)”可知，Nathan的球队在比赛中落后于对手，而作者今天早些时候被解雇了。由此可知，作者感到难过是因为他和Nathan都正在经历一段艰难的时期。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time-I am confident in my experience and abilities.(在开车回家的路上，我一直告诉自己我会在短时间内重新找到工作——我对自己的经验和能力很有信心。)”可知，在开车回家的路上，作者一直告诉自己，他会在短时间内重新找到工作，他对自己的经验和能力充满信心。由此可推断，作者对自己充满了信心，同时对生活也抱着积极乐观的态度。故选B。 3. 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段中的“I saw the determination on his face again. There was no room for self-doubt. Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw with such skill.(我又看到了他脸上的决心。没有自我怀疑的余地。Nathan能够排除一切干扰，以这样的技巧完成罚球)”可知，作者再次看到儿子脸上的决心，没有自我怀疑的余地。儿子能够忽视所有令他分心的事物，投进罚球。由此可知，tune out意为“忽视”。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。本文讲述了作者在观看儿子篮球比赛的过程中，看到儿子所在的球队在处于劣势的情况下，依然满怀信心、坚持不懈，最后获得了胜利。这番情景让刚刚失业正沮丧、不自信的作者消除了自我怀疑，重新燃起了生活的斗志。B项中的life与作者的生活状况呼应，basketball与Nathan的比赛呼应，lesson与作者的体会呼应。故选B。 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 （23-24高二下·安徽阜阳·期末）Bright and early on the morning of our first full day in Antarctica, L’ Austral’s Captain Fabien’s voice woke us up as it came through a loudspeaker. If we looked outside right now, he said, we’d see a beautiful sea of icebergs in the golden sunlight. My sister and I jumped out of bed, staring in amazement as we sailed past giant pieces of ice. In the distance, we spotted a group of humpback whales feeding on smaller fishes. Next door, my parents were also waking up to the sights of a new day in Antarctica. Over breakfast, my sister and I excitedly told them about the whales we saw from our room that morning. You might not immediately think of “family vacation” when talking about a trip to Antarctica, but tour companies like Adventures by Disney are changing that. The company offers guided group trips to destinations across all seven continents in the world. Our adventure started when we flew to Buenos Aires and explored the beautiful Argentine capital for a day. After leaving Buenos Aires, we flew to Ushuaia on an Adventures by Disney plane. Then, it was the journey toward the Drake Passage. After a speedy Drake Passage crossing, we reached Antarctica early, adding a half day to our scheduled four days on and around the continent. To those unfamiliar with Adventures by Disney, the fact that you can experience Antarctica — the most distant, extreme continent — with Disney might be surprising. During the trip, there were thoughtful acts, from stamped postcards to send from an Antarctica post office to a champagne (香槟) party on our final stop of the journey; Adventures by Disney truly thought of everything for us. Antarctica is a life-changing destination packed with experiences that can’t be copied. We experienced seasickness when travelling across the Drake Passage, hiked up ice hills alongside lovely animals, and had a taste of champagne. And honestly, it’s going to be hard for the next family trip we may take to compete. 1. How did the author and her sister feel when sailing past the icebergs? A．Terrific. B．Confused. C．Frightened. D．Dangerous. 2. What happened first on the author’s journey? A．They flew to Ushuaia. B．They toured around Buenos Aires. C．They passed through the Drake Passage. D．They hiked up ice hills alongside lovely animals. 3. What can we infer about their travel from the last paragraph? A．The author might feel bad when crossing the Drake Passage. B．The author was the most impressed by the champagne party. C．The author believes that their next travel will be more thrilling. D．The author thought an Antarctica post office should be established. 4. Which can serve as the best title for the text? A．Exploring Antarctica — A Place with Various animals B．An Antarctic Adventure for Scientific Research C．A Comfortable Travel Experience D．A Family’s Journey to Antarctica 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家的南极冒险之旅，他们从布宜诺斯艾利斯出发，经过乌斯怀亚，穿越德雷克海峡到达南极洲。在南极的第一天，他们欣赏到了冰山和座头鲸。旅程中，他们体验了南极的独特活动。作者认为这次旅行是改变人生的经历，充满了难忘的瞬间。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If we looked outside right now, he said, we’d see a beautiful sea of icebergs in the golden sunlight. My sister and I jumped out of bed, staring in amazement as we sailed past giant pieces of ice. (如果我们现在看外面，他说，我们会看到金色阳光下美丽的冰山海洋。我和妹妹从床上跳了起来，惊奇地看着我们驶过一块块巨大的冰块)”可知，在驶过冰山时，两人感觉大为惊奇，棒极了。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Our adventure started when we flew to Buenos Aires and explored the beautiful Argentine capital for a day. (当我们飞到布宜诺斯艾利斯，在美丽的阿根廷首都探索一天时，我们的冒险就开始了)”可知，在这次家庭之旅的一开始，他们游览了布宜诺斯艾利斯。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We experienced seasickness when travelling across the Drake Passage, hiked up ice hills alongside lovely animals, and had a taste of champagne. (我们在穿越德雷克海峡时经历了晕船，和可爱的动物一起爬上了冰山，还品尝了香槟)”可知，在穿越德雷克海峡时，作者一家经历了晕船。由此推知，作者当时感觉很糟糕。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“And honestly, it’s going to be hard for the next family trip we may take to compete. (老实说，我们下一次的家庭旅行可能会很难与之匹敌)”可知，文章讲述了作者一家的南极冒险之旅，他们从布宜诺斯艾利斯出发，经过乌斯怀亚，穿越德雷克海峡到达南极洲。在南极的第一天，他们欣赏到了冰山和座头鲸。旅程中，他们体验了南极的独特活动。作者认为这次旅行是改变人生的经历，充满了难忘的瞬间。因此，D项“一家人的南极之旅”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 7 （2024·甘肃平凉·模拟预测）It lasted just 24 seconds, but it’s an unforgettable moment that has caught hearts everywhere. During a basketball game at Zeeland East High School in Zeeland, Michigan, the crowd fell quiet, giving high school junior Jules Hoogland an opportunity to take a shot. Hoogland, who is blind, followed along as a woman tapped (轻敲) a yellow pole against the backboard and a teammate guided her to the perfect position. Thirteen seconds later, the 11th grader nailed a free throw and the silent audience erupted in roaring cheers and applause. Zeeland Public Schools shared the extraordinary moment, filmed by Brandy Navetta, the school district’s communications and marketing director on Twitter, along with the words, “You thought national basketball tournaments were infusive, but Zeeland Public Schools Unified Basketball took over the court this morning. And the crowd went wild!” Hoogland’s mom Karen said she was so proud of her achievement. She also praised the young students for their respect and sensitivity towards her daughter. Hoogland set a new record on what blind people can achieve and wanted this video to inspire all those who are facing challenges. “I’m hoping this video will inspire others to keep trying no matter what their challenges are,” she said. Students from both Zeeland East and Zeeland West High School witnessed Hoogland’s uplifting shot, part of an inclusive basketball game with zLinks. Nathan VandeGuchte, a special education teacher with Zeeland West, added that inclusive sports has made a significant impact on students at Zeeland schools since the zLinks program started. “It was so moving to see Hoogland hit that shot again in front of 2,500 people,” said Nathan. “The lens (视角) with which many of our special education students are viewed has now been forever changed. They know that they are important, and they recognize that they are contributing members of our student body!” 1. Why did the crowd go wild as Hoogland nailed a free throw? A．Because she couldn’t see. B．Because she was competitive. C．Because it was her first shot. D．Because it was the end of the game. 2. What does the underlined word “infusive” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Addictive. B．Puzzling. C．Informative. D．Exciting. 3. What message does Hoogland convey to us through her story? A．Dream big, dream early. B．Never fear to fight challenges. C．Interest is the best teacher. D．The more one does, the more one can do. 4. What can we infer about the special education students from Nathan’s words? A．They were usually overestimated. B．They got confidence from the program. C．They should be given more opportunities. D．They were eager to explore the unknown. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了特殊学校的学生Hoogland是一个盲人，在篮球比赛中投进了球，这创造了盲人所能取得的成就的新纪录。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Hoogland, who is blind, followed along as a woman tapped (轻敲) a yellow pole against the backboard and a teammate guided her to the perfect position. Thirteen seconds later, the 11th grader nailed a free throw and the silent audience erupted in roaring cheers and applause.(胡格兰是盲人，她跟着一名女子轻敲篮板上的一根黄色杆子，一名队友引导她到达完美的位置。十三秒后，这位十一年级学生罚球命中，沉默的观众爆发出欢呼声和掌声。)”可知，Hoogland是一个盲人，在她进了一次罚球后，观众欢呼起来，故选A。 2. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Zeeland Public Schools shared the extraordinary moment, filmed by Brandy Navetta, the school district’s communications and marketing director on Twitter, along with the words(泽兰公立学校在 Twitter 上分享了由该学区传播和营销总监Brandy Navetta拍摄的这一非凡时刻，并附上以下文字：)”可知，Hoogland进球的这一非凡时刻被拍摄下来，由此可推知，这场全国篮球锦标赛令人兴奋，划线单词意为“令人兴奋的”，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Hoogland set a new record on what blind people can achieve and wanted this video to inspire all those who are facing challenges. “I’m hoping this video will inspire others to keep trying no matter what their challenges are,” she said.(霍格兰创造了盲人所能取得的成就的新纪录，并希望这段视频能够激励所有面临挑战的人。“我希望这段视频能够激励其他人继续尝试，无论他们面临什么挑战，”她说。)”可推知，Hoogland通过她的故事向我们传递这样一个道理：永远不要害怕应对挑战，故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Nathan所说的“The lens (视角) with which many of our special education students are viewed has now been forever changed. They know that they are important, and they recognize that they are contributing members of our student body!(我们许多特殊教育学生观看的视角现在已经永远改变了。他们知道自己很重要，并且认识到自己是对我们学生团体做出贡献的成员！)”可推知，特殊教育的学生从zLinks这一项目中获得了自信，故选B。 Passage 8 （23-24高二下·广东·期末）Aron Lee Ralston came into the world within the nurturing environment of a middle-class American family. His formative years took a pivotal turn when, at the age of twelve, his family relocated to Colorado, a move that sowed the seeds of his profound affection for trekking amidst the majestic canyons. On the fateful day of April 26th, 2003, Ralston found himself at the precipice of a life-threatening predicament, one that nearly culminated in his demise. While venturing solo through the Blue John Canyon, an inadvertent misstep caused him to dislodge an enormous boulder, which subsequently ensnared his right hand against the unyielding canyon wall. Having embarked on this solitary expedition without alerting anyone to his whereabouts, Ralston faced the harrowing realization that he might remain entrapped indefinitely. Despite his valiant efforts to extricate his hand, he was met with failure, and the futility of crying out for assistance became apparent. Moreover, the exertion required to shout for help would deplete the energy reserves that were crucial for enduring the dire circumstances over an extended period. As the days unfolded, the grim reality of his entrapment under an 800-pound boulder set in, compelling Ralston to contemplate the unthinkable: severing his own right hand. Armed with a rudimentary pocket knife, whose edge was insufficiently sharp to penetrate bone, he faced the daunting task of self-amputation. As time elapsed and his provisions of sustenance and hydration dwindled, he inscribed his name, birth date, and a projected date of death upon the stone. In a twist of fortune, Ralston conceived an ingenious strategy to harness the principle of torque and the leverage of his own bones to detach his arm from his torso. Employing the modest tool at his disposal, he ultimately managed to achieve this desperate act and staggered out of the canyon, hemorrhaging profusely. Providentially, a family on holiday espied him in this dire state, offering him sustenance and hydration before conveying him to a medical facility. In the aftermath of this harrowing ordeal, Ralston was fitted with a prosthetic limb and, undeterred, resumed his passion for mountaineering. He embraced the accident as a transformative“turning point”in his existence, a testament to his indomitable spirit and resilience. 1. What happened to Aron while he was hiking? A．He was too tired and unable to climb B．He suffered a knife wound in his right leg C．He accidentally fell down the mountain. D．He got a hand stuck between a rock and the canyon wall 2. Why did Aron stop calling for help? A．He found a way to save himself. B．He needed to save energy. C．He gave up hope for survival D．He met a family on vacation. 3. How did Aron save himself? A．He removed the huge stone. B．He cut off his arm with a knife. C．He was pulled out of there by his family. D．He was rescued by people from a hospital. 4. Which of the following words can best describe Aron? A．Enthusiastic and kind. B．Independent and generous. C．Adventurous and determined D．Responsible and professional. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了Aron Lee Ralston在2003年遭遇的生死考验以及他如何自救的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“While venturing solo through the Blue John Canyon, an inadvertent misstep caused him to dislodge an enormous boulder, which subsequently ensnared his right hand against the unyielding canyon wall.(在独自冒险穿越蓝约翰峡谷时，一个无意的失误导致他移开了一块巨大的巨石，随后他的右手被困在坚硬的峡谷壁上。)”可知，Aron在徒步旅行时不慎踩松了一块巨石，导致他的右手被卡在了峡谷壁上。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Despite his valiant efforts to extricate his hand, he was met with failure, and the futility of crying out for assistance became apparent. Moreover, the exertion required to shout for help would deplete the energy reserves that were crucial for enduring the dire circumstances over an extended period.(尽管他勇敢地试图挣脱他的手，但他还是失败了，大声呼救的徒劳变得显而易见。此外，大声呼救所需的努力将耗尽能源储备，而能源储备对于长期忍受严峻的情况至关重要。)”可知，Aron停止呼救是因为他需要节省能量，以便在困境中生存更长时间。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Armed with a rudimentary pocket knife, whose edge was insufficiently sharp to penetrate bone, he faced the daunting task of self-amputation.(他手持一把简陋的小刀，刀刃不够锋利，无法穿透骨头，面临着自我截肢的艰巨任务。)”可知，Aron使用一把简陋的小刀进行了自我截肢从而拯救了自己。故选B项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He embraced the accident as a transformative ‘turning point’ in his existence, a testament to his indomitable spirit and resilience.(他将这次事故视为他人生中的一个变革性‘转折点’，证明了他不屈不挠的精神和韧性。)”以及上文可知，独自冒险说明Aron具有冒险精神，自我截肢从而拯救了自己说明Aron具有坚定的决心。故选C项。 Passage 9 （22-23高二下·安徽池州·期中）Len Collingwood, a clinical nurse specialist, retired on his 65th birthday. He told his wife,Sally, he would“start out as an adventure cyclist.” Four months later, he set off on a 13,000 km cycle ride from Ulaanbaatar in Mongolia to Edinburgh, much of it roughly shadowing Marco Polo’s Silk Road. No sooner had he started out than a snowstorm hit. He hid in his tent, wearing every item of clothing he had packed. At -18℃ it was too cold to go outside to cook. He survived the next 48 hours by eating a massive bag of chocolates. So it is a surprise to hear Collingwood say that he has never feared for his life. “Never. There’s always something to be curious about,” he says. In 2018, he rode from Edinburgh to Istanbul to earn a place in Guinness World Records. “There are very few records a man over 60 can break,” he says. During the trip, he got a dozen flat tyres. But he fixed each one. “I’ve always been serious about purpose. If something is to be done, it is to be done properly. People go forwards and people go backwards.The difficult bit is managing the times when people go backwards,” he says. “Don’t let the moment ruin the whole thing.” He turns 71 this year. He is about to begin the 1,407 km trip to John O’ Groats. It sounds tough but he insists “it’s just a matter of spinning (转) the wheels.” Still, they don’t spin on their own. His daughter — a yoga teacher — has suggested weights to maintain muscle mass. His son, a cyclist, keeps him up to speed on the latest technology. Collingwood is planning new rides in France next year, and beyond that hopes “to spread my wings further. There is peace on a bicycle,” he says. “The joy is the actual doing of the activity. Going further means you’re just doing more of something you enjoy.” 1. What happened to Collingwood when his first journey had just started? A．He lost his way in Mongolia. B．He got trapped in heavy snow. C．He had nothing to satisfy his hunger. D．He had no clothes to protect himself from the cold 2. Which of the following can best describe Collingwood? A．Courageous and determined. B．Generous and demanding. C．Curious and imaginative. D．Unusual and scholarly. 3. How did Collingwood’s son help him? A．By checking his physical condition. B．By planning the routes for him. C．By giving him technical support. D．By accompanying him on the way. 4. What does Collingwood say about cycling? A．It contributes to his health. B．It helps him kill boring time. C．It calls for careful planning. D．It carries his joy forward. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了退休后的Len Collingwood进行冒险自行车之旅的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“No sooner had he started out than a snowstorm hit. He hid in his tent, wearing every item of clothing he had packed. At -18C it was too cold to go outside to cook. He survived the next 48 hours by eating a massive bag of chocolates.(他刚出发，暴风雪就来了。他躲在帐篷里，穿着他打包好的每一件衣服。零下18摄氏度的天气太冷了，不能出去做饭。在接下来的48小时里，他吃了一大袋巧克力)”可知，Collingwood刚开始第一次旅行就被困在暴雪中，故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“So it is a surprise to hear Collingwood say that he has never feared for his life.(因此，听到Collingwood说他从来没有为自己的生命担心过，真是令人吃惊)”和第五段中“He turns 71 this year. He is about to begin the 1,407 km trip to John O’ Groats. It sounds tough but he insists ‘it’s just a matter of spinning (转) the wheels.’(他今年71岁了。他即将开始1407公里的John O’ Groats之旅。这听起来很难，但他坚持认为‘这只是转动轮子的问题。’)”可知，Collingwood不畏艰难，勇于冒险且意志坚定。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“His son, a cyclist, keeps him up to speed on the latest technology.(他的儿子是一名自行车手，他让他了解最新的科技)”可知，Collingwood的儿子通过提供一些技术支持来帮助Collingwood。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The joy is the actual doing of the activity. Going further means you’re just doing more of something you enjoy.(快乐是实际做这项活动的过程。走得更远意味着你在做更多你喜欢的事情)”可知，Collingwood说自行车骑行把他的快乐带向远方，故选D。 Passage 10 （23-24高二下·浙江宁波·期末）The view from the top was breathtaking. It was 2023 and I had just climbed the Hvannadals Peak in Iceland, almost seven years after becoming paralyzed from the chest down after a climbing fall. My two teammates and I were on our way to becoming the first all-disabled team to cross Europe’s largest ice cap, the mighty Vatnajökull glacier, unsupported and unassisted. A year before, when Niall McCann first suggested making the 100–mile trip, I was excited by the prospect of returning to this lost world of crevasses (冰裂缝), mountains and ice, but upset and anxious about whether I’d struggle. Back then, I still would have given anything for my legs to work and to be able to walk again. But I was eager for adventure and signed on to do the trip with McCann, who had broken his back when paragliding, and EdJackson, a former professional rugby player who had broken his neck in 2017. This was going to be the toughest challenge of my life. And yet, with each drive of my poles into the snow, I pushed myself further from civilization — and closer to the man I’d once been. My mind drifted to the last time I was on a mountain before my accident, climbing Monte Rosa in the Italian Alps and feeling the addictive mixture of excitement and trepidation. Those same emotions returned as we battled through powerful storms and hidden crevasses before we reached the ice cap’s highest point. I was at the top when I was hit by an unexpected wave of emotion. I realized that, despite all that I had been through — all the challenges and setbacks I had faced — if someone asked me if I wanted my legs back, I would have said no. That moment affected every aspect of my life and the way I perceived my disability. No longer did I consider myself disabled or injured, because, if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap, I could overcome the frustrations and setbacks of day-to-day life with resilience and persistence. Yes, I do still have a life-changing injury — but, for me, it’s been for the better. 1. What can you know about the team? A．It got assistance from an organization. B．Its members all had a form of disability. C．It followed the steps of a similar previous team. D．It consisted of people paralyzed down the chest. 2. What might have really caused the writer to hesitate about the trip? A．His paralyzed legs. B．Fear of potential danger. C．The lost world of ice. D．Lack of proper equipment. 3. What’s does the underlined word “trepidation” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Fear. B．Bravery. C．Happiness. D．Disappointment. 4. What did the writer think of his injury after he made it to the top? A．It left him nothing but all setbacks. B．It caused his unexpected bad emotion. C．He wouldn’t know his potential otherwise. D．He was tortured by the frustrations it caused. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作为在攀岩坠落后胸部以下瘫痪的登山爱好者，作者与两位同样身有残疾的队友挑战欧洲最大冰盖——瓦特纳冰川的壮举。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“My two teammates and I were on our way to becoming the first all-disabled team to cross Europe’s largest ice cap, the mighty Vatnajökull   glacier, unsupported and unassisted.(我和我的两名队友正在成为第一支在无人支持的情况下穿越欧洲大冰盖——强大的瓦特纳冰川的全残疾人队伍)”以及第二段“But I was eager for adventure and signed on to do the trip with McCann, who had broken his back when paragliding, and EdJackson, a former professional rugby player who had broken his neck in 2017.(但我渴望冒险，并与在滑翔伞时摔断背部的麦肯和在2017年摔断脖子的前职业橄榄球运动员埃德·杰克逊签约进行这次旅行)”可知，这支队伍的成员都有某种形式的残疾。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It was 2023 and I had just climbed the Hvannadals Peak in Iceland, almost seven years after becoming paralyzed from the chest down after a climbing fall.(那是2023年，我刚刚爬上冰岛的Hvannadals峰，在一次攀爬摔倒后胸部以下瘫痪了将近七年)”以及第二段“A year before, when Niall McCann first suggested making the 100–mile trip, I was excited by the prospect of returning to this lost world of crevasses (冰裂缝), mountains and ice, but upset and anxious about whether I’d struggle.(一年前，当尼尔·麦肯第一次建议进行100英里的旅行时，我对重返这个由裂缝、山脉和冰组成的失落世界的前景感到兴奋，但对自己是否会挣扎感到沮丧和焦虑)”可知，由于作者胸部以下瘫痪，所以作者感到焦虑，对这次旅行犹豫不决。故选A项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“My mind drifted to the last time I was on a mountain before my accident, climbing Monte Rosa in the Italian Alps and feeling the addictive mixture of excitement and trepidation. Those same emotions returned as we battled through powerful storms and hidden crevasses before we reached the ice cap’s highest point.(我的思绪飘到了事故发生前我最后一次在山上，爬上意大利阿尔卑斯山的罗莎山，感受到兴奋和trepidation的混合。当我们在到达冰盖的最高点之前，经历了强大的风暴和隐藏的裂缝，同样的情绪又回来了)”可知，作者想到自己事故发生前最后一次在山上感受的情绪，作者经历了强大的风暴和隐藏的裂缝，出现了同样的情绪，推测作者的感受是既兴奋又恐惧的，划线单词表示“恐惧”，与fear意义相近。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“That moment affected every aspect of my life and the way I perceived my disability. No longer did I consider myself disabled or injured, because, if I could reach the summit of a remote ice cap, I could overcome the frustrations and setbacks of day-to-day life with resilience and persistence.(那一刻影响了我生活的方方面面，也影响了我对残疾的看法。我不再认为自己残疾或受伤，因为如果我能登上遥远的冰盖顶峰，我就能以坚韧和毅力克服日常生活中的沮丧和挫折)”可知，登上顶峰后，作者意识到如果不是因为这次受伤，自己就不会认识到自己能够以韧性及坚持克服日常生活中的挫折。故选C项。 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11 （23-24高二下·广东中山·阶段练习）The French couple Katia and Mauric Kraff, shard an attraction to volcanoes (火山), one that perhaps approached an addiction. There are many people interested in volcanoes, but very few who are willing to climb an erupting crater (喷发的火山口) and approach the flowing lava (岩浆). Katia and Maurice did a lot of work, shooting photographs and films of volcano eruptions, always being the first on the scene of an active volcano, and the ones who fearlessly came to just a few feet from lava flows. They were not only highly respected by volcanologists (火山学家) all around the world, but also envied. The couple met in the 1960s when they were both students at the University of Strasbourg, and got married in 1970. Both of them were attracted to volcanoes since childhood. Upon graduating, Katia and Maurice pursued their careers as volcano observers with no financial support at all, just their own savings, which they spent on a trip to Stromboli to observe the eruption of the volcano. They took an incredible and valuable set of photographs of the near-continuous eruption. People were curious about the photographs, while public officials working on threatening volcanoes found them useful. This interest in their work helped the French couple to establish a career in documenting eruptions. Now able to obtain financial support for their work, Katia and Maurice visited hundreds, if not thousands, of volcanoes around the globe. They traveled and recorded eruptions, always getting closer to the danger than anyone else. In June 1991, along with 40 other people, the Kraffts set out to film the eruption at Mount Unzen in Japan. A sudden and unexpected flow took place and all the people in its path were killed. Later investigation revealed that Katia’s and Maurice’s bodies were closest to the volcano crater. They were 44 and 45 years old respectively. In their 25-year-long career, the couple documented hundreds of volcanoes, and their work consists of thousands of sill photos, 300 hours off film materials, a number of books, and scientific articles published in Bulletin of Volcanology. 1. When did the couple start their career as volcano observers? A．As children. B．While studying at college. C．When leaving university. D．After getting married. 2. What is unique to the couple’s photographs of volcanoes? A．They focused on threatening volcanoes. B．They were taken with their own savings. C．They recorded continuous eruption of volcanoes. D．They were shot at a shorter distance from lava flows. 3. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The couple didn’t get prepared before setting out. B．The couple had been married for 25 years before the accident. C．The couple made a great fortune (财富) with what they shot. D．The couple went ahead of the rest at the last minute. 4. Which o f the following can best describe the couple? A．Caring and demanding. B．Promising and optimistic. C．Brave and devoted. D．Dynamic and calm. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了法国火山科学家Katia和Maurice Krafft夫妇的火山探索故事。他们曾经拍摄了许多令人难以置信的火山熔岩镜头，对尽可能接近火山爆发地点有着共同的热情，这种热情远远超过了人类历史上大多数人敢于接近这些危险之地的程度。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Upon graduating, Katia and Maurice pursued their careers as volcano observers with no financial support at all, just their own savings, which they spent on a trip to Stromboli to observe the eruption of the volcano. (毕业后，Katia和Maurice在没有任何经济支持的情况下从事火山观察员的职业，只有他们自己的积蓄，这些积蓄是他们去Stromboli观察火山喷发时花的。)”可知，夫妇二人大学一毕业就开始了他们的火山探索事业。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“They traveled and recorded eruptions, always getting closer to the danger than anyone else. (他们旅行并记录火山喷发，总是比任何人都更接近危险。)”可知，他们选择了比其他人接近火山口的地方拍摄火山照片，这是别人难以做到的，也让他们的照片与众不同。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Later investigation revealed that Katia’s and Maurice’s bodies were closest to the volcano crater. (后来的调查显示，Katia和 Maurice的身体离火山口最近。)”可知，在生命最后一刻，夫妇二人是离火山口最近的，这对夫妇在最后一刻走在了其他人的前面。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据第三段“They traveled and recorded eruptions, always getting closer to the danger than anyone else. (他们旅行并记录火山喷发，总是比任何人都更接近危险。)”和最后一段“In their 25-year-long career, the couple documented hundreds of volcanoes, and their work consists of thousands of sill photos, 300 hours off film materials, a number of books, and scientific articles published in Bulletin of Volcanology. (在他们25年的职业生涯中，这对夫妇记录了数百座火山，他们的工作包括数千张静止照片，300小时的电影材料，许多书籍和发表在《火山学公报》上的科学文章。)”可知，夫妇二人总是冲在离火山口最近的第一线，25年间获取了大量一手的宝贵资料，所以他们是勇敢和敬业的。故选C。 Passage 12 （22-23高二下·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·阶段练习）In the 1880s, long before she became her era’s greatest female explorer, eight-year-old Harriet Chalmers traveled through the Sierra Nevada on horseback with her father. When she was 24, Chalmers married Franklin Pierce Adams, and they set off for Latin America, where they covered 40,000 miles on a horse, by boat and on foot. When they returned nearly three years later, she gave a lecture at National Geographic and started a 30-year career as a contributor. Adams made it her mission to visit every country that was or had been a Spanish colony, and revisited the places where Christopher Columbus had stayed from Europe to the Americas. She traveled around Asia and attended Haile Selassie’s Coronation(加冕礼) as the emperor of Ethiopia. During World War I, she was the first female journalist allowed to photograph the French trenches(战壕), where she stayed for months. She wrote 21 articles detailing her experiences for National Geographic, more than any other woman published in the magazine’s first half century. In those pieces, she criticized(批评) the injustices that she had observed. “Where were the blessings the Europeans claimed they brought to millions of Latin Americans? I could hardly find them,” she wrote after a visit to Peru. “What have they not suffered under the control of the Europeans?” Adams had no professional training as a geographer and had never been to college, but her color photo slides and adventurous travel style won her invitations to speak around the world, often from the organizations that had never invited a woman before. She was the third American woman asked to join the Royal Geographical Society in England. However, the New York-based Explorers Club gave her and other outstanding female adventurers the cold shoulder. “Men have always been so afraid that some mere women might get into their discussion that they don’t even permit women in their clubhouses,” Adams once said, “Let alone allow them to attend any meetings for discussions that might be significantly helpful.” Several female explorers decided to form their own club. In 1925, the Society of Woman Geographers started with Adams as president, and she served until moving to France in 1933, where she died four years later at 61. 1. What did Adams do during the first three years of her marriage? A．She traveled through the Sierra Nevada. B．She explored Latin America with her husband. C．She contributed regularly to National Geographic. D．She learned horse riding under her husband’s guidance. 2. What was Adams involved in during World War I? A．Taking photographs on the front line. B．Traveling around European countries. C．Fighting together with French soldiers. D．Doing research on Christopher Columbus. 3. What was Adams’ attitude to these Europeans in Paragraph 3? A．Positive, B．Carefree. C．Grateful. D．Negative. 4. How did Explorers Club treat Adams? A．It refused her help coldly. B．It paid no attention to her. C．It invited her to join in their discussion. D．It asked her to join the Royal Geographical Society. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了女探险家和地理杂志撰稿人Harriet Chalmers Adams的生平。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段后两句“When she was 24, Chalmers married Franklin Pierce Adams, and they set off for Latin America, where they covered 40,000 miles on a horse, by boat and on foot. When they returned nearly three years later, she gave a lecture at National Geographic and started a 30-year career as a contributor.(24岁时，Chalmers嫁给了Franklin Pierce Adams，他们出发前往拉丁美洲,在那里他们骑马、乘船、徒步旅行了4万英里。近三年后当他们回来时，她在《国家地理》杂志社做了一次演讲，并开始了 30年的撰稿生涯。)”可知，她结婚的前三年和她丈夫一起去探索拉丁美洲。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“During World War I, she was the first female journalist allowed to photograph the French trenches(战壕), where she stayed for months.(在第一次世界大战期间，她是第一个被允许拍摄法国战壕的女记者，她在那里待了好几个月。)”可知，一战期间她去了前线拍照。故选A。 3. 观点态度题。根据第三段第二句“In those pieces, she criticized(批评) the injustices that she had observed.(在这些文章中，她批评了她所观察到的不公正现象。)”和接下来引述的她对欧洲人所作所为的评论可知，她对欧洲人殖民侵略拉丁美洲感到不满, 所以她的话语表明她否定的态度。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“However, the New York-based Explorers Club gave her and other outstanding female adventurers the cold shoulder.(然而，总部位于纽约的探索者俱乐部却对她和其他杰出的女性冒险家非常冷漠。)”可知，探索者俱乐部故意冷落她。短语give sb. the cold shoulder表示“给某人冷脸，故意冷落某人”。故选B。 Passage 13 （22-23高二下·山东潍坊·期末）Jenn Larson was just 14 years old when she took over the bookkeeping for her family’s dairy farm near Firth, Idaho. She soon saw firsthand how challenging it was for her parents, who lacked any college education, to properly manage the unpredictable earnings of farming. This started a lifelong passion for finance, and it led her down an unexpected path to becoming a role model she never had. Yet, such ambitions ran in obvious contrast to everything familiar to her. “I didn’t have any advisors,” Larson says. “I didn’t have anyone to look up to for a professional example. All the women I associated with were stay-at-home moms.” Despite having parents who couldn’t fully understand her ambitions, Larson went to the BYU Marriott School, where she earned a business degree and focused much of her coursework on international finance. Larson worked for seven years as a financial representative with Northwestern Mutual, advising clients on important financial decisions. Larson returned to BYU Marriott in 2008 to earn an MBA, and accepted a position in the school as an assistant professor following her graduation. For more than a decade, Larson has taught finance classes to undergraduate and MBA students. While she teaches finance, Larson tries to help her students see how mastering finance principles can also impact their personal lives. Constantly balancing motherhood and work, Larson makes adjustments to the way she teaches. She gave birth to her first three children in three years while teaching at BYU Marriott, wondering at times if labor might start while in front of a class full of students. During the pandemic, Larson taught online classes from her dining room table while taking care of a newborn and other young children at home. As a female instructor in the often male-dominated finance industry, Larson works to inspire other women who seek a similar path to hers. Larson became the role model that she never had — the example that a 14-year-old girl staring at a farming expense sheet couldn’t find. Now, Labor on’s children and students will always have that example. 1. What motivated Larson to major in finance? A．Her experience of managing accounts. B．Her strong desire for college education. C．The high expectations from her parents. D．The challenging labor on her dairy farm. 2. What problem did Larson face when she decided to study finance? A．She had no one to ask for advice. B．She was unsure about the coursework. C．She was misunderstood by her neighbours. D．She was unfamiliar with everything at school. 3. What does the underlined word “labor” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．The work of looking after a baby. B．The process of dealing with students. C．The process of giving birth to a baby. D．The work of adjusting teaching methods. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Following Your Interest B．Balancing Work and Family C．Becoming Your Own Role Model D．Seeking a Way to Become a Role Model 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。珍·拉尔森14岁时接管簿记工作的经历让她有了学习金融专业的想法，但是她没有人可以寻求专业的相关建议。她努力奋斗，成为了自己的榜样。 1. 细节理解题。根据首段前两句“Jenn Larson was just 14 years old when she took over the bookkeeping for her family’s dairy farm near Firth, Idaho. She soon saw firsthand how challenging it was for her parents, who lacked any college education, to properly manage the unpredictable earnings of farming. (珍·拉尔森在爱达荷州费斯附近的一家奶牛场接管簿记工作时只有14岁。她很快就亲眼看到，对于没有受过大学教育的父母来说，妥善管理农业不可预测的收入是多么困难。)”可知，拉尔森接管簿记工作的经历让她有了学习金融专业的想法。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二三四句““I didn’t have any advisors,” Larson says. “I didn’t have anyone to look up to for a professional example. All the women I associated with were stay-at-home moms.” (“我没有任何顾问，”拉尔森说。“我没有任何人可以作为我的榜样。我接触过的所有女性都是全职妈妈。”)”可知，拉尔森决定学习金融专业时，她面临着没有人可以咨询相关情况的问题。故选A。 3. 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段第二句“She gave birth to her first three children in three years while teaching at BYU Marriott, wondering at times if labor might start while in front of a class full of students. (她在BYU Marriott教书期间生下了三年来的头三个孩子，她有时会担心，在一群学生面前， 是否会开始。)可知，拉尔森是在教书期间生下了三个孩子，所以她担心会不会在学生面前生孩子。所以，划线词“labor”应为“生孩子”。故选C。 4. 标题判断题。根据首段末句“This started a lifelong passion for finance, and it led her down an unexpected path to becoming a role model she never had. (这让她对金融产生了毕生的热情，并让她走上了一条意想不到的道路，成为了一个她从未有过的榜样。)”以及末段最后两句“Larson became the role model that she never had — the example that a 14-year-old girl staring at a farming expense sheet couldn’t find. Now, Labor on’s children and students will always have that example. (拉尔森成为了她从未有过的榜样——一个14岁的女孩盯着农业开支表找不到的榜样。现在，Labor on的孩子和学生将永远有这样的榜样。)”可知，在这个没有人能为她提供建议的金融专业上，她成为了自己的榜样。故选C。 Passage 14 （2024·全国·模拟预测）My parents had purchased an Island Packet 445 ten months prior, and the day to board this boat had finally come. I was 11 years old and knew absolutely nothing about this cruising (海上航游) lifestyle my father had been speaking so highly of for the previous five years. The only thing I knew for sure was that I didn’t want to leave my home. My father was excited, my mother nervous, my brother disinterested, and I sullen. I was not at all eager about this change in my lifestyle. The first three months on the boat had not been very easy. What my dad called an adjustment period I called a nightmare. But, after three months of traveling, we had a lucky break. In La Paz, there was another cruising boat with a 13-year-old boy aboard. Two weeks later, Glen and I could be seen endlessly boogie boarding (趴板冲浪) the crashing waves to the beach. After meeting Glen, cruising for me began to get better and better. At some point during these months, I decided to give this cruising idea a chance. One year later, we continued touring through the South Pacific. I was learning new skills and learning how to work independently. I often took a five-hour watch during the dark hours of long passages. This was quite a bit of responsibility to hand over to a 13-year-old, especially considering I was in charge of adjusting sails as the conditions changed, and keeping an eye and ear out for any problems. Almost everybody in the cruising community treated me as an adult while still understanding I was a child, thereby giving me the flexibility to make childish mistakes. As of this writing, my family has now been aboard for three years. We have plans to return to Canada in 12 months and, similar to how I opposed moving onto the boat, I am now completely opposed to moving off it. I have so much fun and learn so many things on this boat that I can’t imagine ever returning “home”, a place I hardly even remember. 1. What does the underlined word “sullen” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Upset. B．Calm. C．Confused. D．Astonished. 2. What made the author start to embrace the cruising idea? A．Overcoming the fear of nightmares. B．Having fun with someone of his age. C．Learning how to work independently. D．Making a breakthrough in boarding skills. 3. Which of the following words can best describe the author? A．Stubborn but reliable. B．Childish but adaptable. C．Inconsiderate but flexible. D．Dependent but responsible. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A．Benefits of the Cruising Lifestyle B．First Day aboard Island Packet 445 C．What Motivates a Teenager to Change His Lifestyle D．How a Young Sailor Learns to Love the Cruising Life 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在作者11岁的时候，他的父母购买了一个海岛巡游套餐，全家登上了一艘游船开始了新的生活。起初作者对这种生活方式感到不安和抗拒，但通过与一位同龄的男孩Glen的相识，他开始逐渐适应并享受起这种新的生活。在旅行中，男孩学习了许多新的技能，承担了责任，并被当作成年人对待，最后作者变得舍不得下船回家了。 1. 词句猜测题。根据划线词的下文“I was not at all eager about this change in my lifestyle. (我一点也不想改变我的生活方式)”可知，作者不想在船上生活，因此此时他会不高兴，sullen意思应该是“不高兴的”，与upset意思相近。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In La Paz, there was another cruising boat with a 13-year-old boy aboard. Two weeks later, Glen and I could be seen endlessly boogie boarding (趴板冲浪) the crashing waves to the beach. After meeting Glen, cruising for me began to get better and better. At some point during these months, I decided to give this cruising idea a chance. (在拉巴斯，另一艘游轮上有一名13岁的男孩。两周后，人们看到我和Glen不停地趴板冲浪，乘着汹涌的海浪冲上海滩。遇见Glen之后，对我来说，乘船巡游开始变得越来越好。在这几个月的某个时候，我决定给这个乘船巡游的想法一个机会)”可知，和同龄的Glen玩得开心让作者开始接受乘船游览的想法。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“I was not at all eager about this change in my lifestyle. (我一点也不想改变我的生活方式)”和最后一段中“similar to how I opposed moving onto the boat, I am now completely opposed to moving off it (就像我当初反对上船一样，我现在也完全反对下船)”可知，作者一开始很反感乘船游览，最后又变得舍不得下船，因此是有些孩子气的。再结合第二段中“After meeting Glen, cruising for me began to get better and better. At some point during these months, I decided to give this cruising idea a chance. (遇见Glen之后，对我来说，乘船巡游开始变得越来越好。在这几个月的某个时候，我决定给这个乘船巡游的想法一个机会)”和第三段中“I was learning new skills and learning how to work independently. (我正在学习新的技能，学习如何独立工作)”可知，作者开始逐渐接受在船上生活的方式，还主动学习船上生活的技能。由此推知，他适应能力很强。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“I was not at all eager about this change in my lifestyle. (我一点也不想改变我的生活方式)”、第二段中“At some point during these months, I decided to give this cruising idea a chance. (在这几个月的某个时候，我决定给这个乘船巡游的想法一个机会)”、第三段中“I was learning new skills and learning how to work independently. I often took a five-hour watch during the dark hours of long passages. (我正在学习新的技能，学习如何独立工作。在漫长的航程中，我经常在黑暗的时刻守望五个小时)”和最后一段中“I have so much fun and learn so many things on this boat that I can’t imagine ever returning “home”, a place I hardly even remember. (我在这艘船上玩得很开心，学到了很多东西，我无法想象自己会回到“家”，一个我几乎不记得的地方)”可知，作者主要叙述了自己的海岛巡游经历，起初作者对这种生活方式感到不安和抗拒，但通过与一位同龄的男孩Glen的相识，他开始逐渐适应并享受起这种新的生活。在旅行中，男孩学习了许多新的技能，承担了责任，并被当作成年人对待，最后作者变得舍不得下船回家了。由此可知，D项“年轻水手如何学会热爱航海生活”概括了作者的这段经历，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 15 （2024·山东泰安·一模）As to psychological well-being, the comfort zone is frequently perceived as a haven, a familiar location where individuals feel calm and peaceful. Pushing beyond this psychological state might have benefits. The comfort zone can be understood as a behavioral metaphor. Within a comfort zone, an individual takes on a state of minimal anxiety without a perception of risk, responding predictably to deliver a consistent level of performance. These include behaviors that people do commonly, find relaxing, or that take them away from high-stress situations. Engaging in the same manner over time leads to a predictable and familiar zone of comfort. As creatures of habit, we become dependent on these routines that we know we can complete well to feel secure. However, by stepping outside of our comfort zone, we learn about our ability to handle new situations and control risks, leading to greater self-confidence, and lower levels of anxiety. One study found that individuals who are more secure in stepping out of their comfort zone are more likely to be excited by and look forward to new experiences, feeling greater confidence in their ability to take them on. One behavior that demonstrates the benefits of stepping out of a comfort zone is learning to play a musical instrument. When we consider actions outside of our comfort zone, we must assess our desire to engage in that activity. By weighing the pros and cons, we evaluate how uncomfortable a situation may seem, and whether the danger of entering such an unknown situation will be worth the risk. Music offers a safe way to step out of your initial comfort zone because you can begin by practicing in an isolated setting, which offers a casual, safe way to build a new skill set. By picking up and practicing a new instrument, you have proven to yourself that you are capable of meeting an unfamiliar objective, thus decreasing anxiety. 1. What does the underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Habitat. B．Shelter. C．Community. D．Destination. 2. Which will not be considered when we step out of our comfort zone? A．We recall the old experience. B．We think whether it is worth the risk. C．We evaluate our thirsty for the activity. D．We weigh the strengths and weaknesses. 3. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A．The definition of the comfort zone. B．The importance of psychological well-being. C．The process of learning a new musical instrument. D．The benefits of stepping out of one’s comfort zone. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How to Identify Comfort Zone B．Staying Inside Comfort Zone is Important C．Stepping Outside Comfort Zone Promotes Learning D．How to Take Yourself Away from High-stress Situations 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了走出舒适区能够给人带来好处。作为习惯，人们变得依赖于舒适区带来的无论是行为上还是精神上的安全感。然而，走出舒适区，人们就会了解到自己有处理新情况和控制风险的能力，从而获得更大的自信，降低焦虑水平，从而能够接受新体验，促进新学习的产生。 1. 词句猜测题。根据后文的进一步解释“a familiar location where individuals feel calm and peaceful(一个熟悉的地方，个人感到平静和安宁)”可知，划线词“haven”应是指安全的，熟悉的地方，即，避风港，庇护所等，与选项B“Shelter.(庇护所)”表达含义相同。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“When we consider actions outside of our comfort zone, we must assess our desire to engage in that activity. By weighing the pros and cons, we evaluate how uncomfortable a situation may seem, and whether the danger of entering such an unknown situation will be worth the risk.(当我们考虑舒适区之外的行为时，我们必须评估我们参与该活动的愿望。通过权衡利弊，我们评估一种情况看起来有多不舒服，以及进入这种未知情况的危险是否值得冒险)”可知，在考虑走出舒适区行为时，会评估参与该活动的愿望，权衡利弊，是否值得冒险。由此可知，选项A“We recall the old experience.(我们回忆起过去的经历)”并不在考虑范围之内。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据末尾段末尾句内容“By picking up and practicing a new instrument, you have proven to yourself that you are capable of meeting an unfamiliar objective, thus decreasing anxiety.(通过拿起和练习一种新的乐器，你已经向自己证明了你有能力满足一个不熟悉的目标，从而减少焦虑)”提出了学习一种新的乐器这一话题，由此推知，文章接下来会讲述作为想要走出舒适区的新手如何学习乐器。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，文章第一段末尾内容“Pushing beyond this psychological state might have benefits. (超越这种心理状态可能会有好处)”揭示了文章的核心要义，即，文章主要讲述的是走出舒适区可能会有的好处，尤其在后文用学习乐器作为举例，详细论述了走出舒适区能够促进自己提升能力，尤其是在学习方面。由此可知，选项C“Stepping Outside Comfort Zone Promotes Learning(走出舒适区促进学习)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。 高二下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$