话题 J-201 环境保护 阅读理解-梯度专练【热点话题】2025年中考英语二轮专用 热门话题梯度训练 题型特训（全国通用）

热点话题·阅读特训 话题 J-201 环境保护 2025年中考英语 梯度专练 话题1：鸟类筑巢与垃圾污染 话题2：木制卫星与环保优势 话题3：噪音污染与健康危害 话题4：塑料包装与环境污染 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）①Birds are building their nests (巢) with rubbish, said a new study. The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. ②A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. ③Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have some chemicals, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the birds warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. ④However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The harmful chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives. ⑤To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of the fishing net (渔网) may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 1. How did the European scientists get their findings? A．By doing thousands of tests. B．By studying a lot of bird nests. C．By looking through a lot of studies. D．By watching the birds for a long time. 2. How can plastic bags “help” birds? A．They can keep birds warm. B．They can keep insects away. C．They can make nests stronger. D．They can protect the baby birds. 3. What does the underlined word “trap” mean? A．困住 B．喂养 C．放生 D．安慰 4. Which paragraphs talk about the bad effects of human rubbish on bird nests? A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．④⑤ Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·辽宁铁岭·期末）Next time you open your fridge, have a close look at what’s in it. What do you see? Vegetables, fruits, meat or some milk? What else can you see? There may be some kinds of plastic packaging (塑料包装) to protect your delicious food well. From food to water bottles, plastic containers and wrappers (容器和包装纸) are everywhere. However, plastic pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems in the world and packaging is the largest source (来源) of plastic waste. It’s true that plastic pollution harms the environment and results. in lots of animal deaths each year. And plastic pollution can be harmful to people’s health, as well as the environment. This happens when the material gives off harmful chemicals (化学物质) that have been added to it. Many countries have already brought in, or are planning to bring in bans (禁令) on single use plastics. This shows that it’s possible to live without them. While in some situations, for example, plastic packaging may be the best choice for wrapping food. It is stronger than glass or paper and also lighter than many other packing materials. So instead of not using plastic at all, we need to use it only when necessary. Lots of packaging can be recycled or reused. Instead of throwing it directly, perhaps we need to find better ways to reuse it. 1. How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving examples. D．By making a survey. 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Plastics can be strong and cheap to use. B．People are trying to get rid of plastics now. C．Bans on single use plastics have been carried out. D．It’s impossible to recycle plastic packaging. 3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Plastic. B．Packaging. C．Glass. D．Paper. 4. The passage is written to ______. A．introduce the disadvantages of plastics B．tell people how to recycle plastics C．warn people not to use plastic packaging D．call on (呼吁) people to use plastics properly Passage 3 （24-25九年级上·山东烟台·期末）Everyone wants to live in a quiet environment. However, our environment is full of all kinds of noise. “The rising noise pollution in cities is bad for the environment,” the United Nations (UN) said in a report. It asks governments to take action as soon as possible. What’s noise pollution? According to the UN, unwanted noise above 65 decibels (分贝) is noise pollution. Noise becomes harmful when it’s over 75 dB and it is painful when it’s above 120 dB．People who live near airports or highways get a lot of noise pollution. When neighbors rebuild their homes or stomp (跺脚) around above you, that’s also noise pollution. Why is noise pollution bad? “High levels of noise do harm to human health,” the UN report says. Too much noise causes health problems like stress and tiredness from poor sleep. More serious problems include heart disease and hearing loss. In Europe, 12,000 people die each year from influences of noise pollution.    How can we prevent the problem? If cities want to fight noise pollution, one great way is to build barriers (屏障) along the railways and highways. Some European countries have also built roads of rubber. Rubber makes cars quieter. How can you and I help? We can stop stomping around our houses! In a word, noise pollution is harmful to us. We ought to try our best to avoid producing noise. 1. What does the UN want countries around the world to do according to Paragraph 1? A．To keep quiet about pollution. B．To deal with noise pollution. C．To stop cities from growing. D．To protect wild animals. 2. When does noise pollution take place according to the UN? A．When people talk at an airport. B．When neighbors walk around you. C．When students read books in the classroom. D．When sounds are unwanted and louder than 65 decibels. 3. Which of the following is NOT caused by noise pollution? A．People might feel tired. B．People might have heart disease. C．People might sleep more than usual. D．People might have hearing problems. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A．Some facts about noise pollution. B．How to stop noise pollution. C．Some environmental problems. D．How to protect the environment. Passage 4 （23-24九年级上·山东淄博·期末）According to a new study, birds are building their nests (巢) with rubbish. The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have some chemicals (化学品), so they can keep insects away and protect the young birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic (毒的) chemicals in cigarettes hurt the the young birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a 2014 study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap (缠住) birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the young birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 1. The European scientists found that ________. A．there is human rubbish in the nests of many birds B．some people help birds build their nests by hand C．there are almost no birds living in Antarctica D．birds can help humans clean the environment 2. How can cigarette butts “help” birds? A．They can make nests stronger. B．They can keep birds warm. C．They can stop insects getting close. D．They can be the birds’ good food. 3. What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Humans. B．Birds. C．Chemicals. D．Rubbish. 4. Where will we probably read the passage? A．In a travel guide. B．On a parenting website. C．In a story book. D．In a newspaper. Passage 5 （24-25九年级上·浙江台州·期末）①On Nov. 5, LignoSat, the world’s first wooden satellite (卫星), went into space from Florida, US, reported The Guardian. ②LignoSat was developed by the Kyoto University and the company Sumitomo Forestry in Japan. Shaped like a little cube (立方体), the satellite is only about the size of your hand. It will fly around Earth at a height of about 400 kilometers. ③The goal is to see if wood can be used for future space missions(任务). LignoSat is made from a kind of magnolia tree traditionally used to make sword cases (剑鞘) in Japan. The satellite will spend six months in space. The electronic sensors on it will record its performance for scientists to check if it can deal with the hard environment in space. There, it can be as cold as -100° and as hot as 100 ℃. ④Wood is a good choice for space missions because there is no water or air there to make it rot (腐烂) or catch fire, Koji Murata, a scientist at Kyoto University, told Reuters. ⑤Wooden satellites can help protect the environment because people can grow more wood. This makes it renewable. ⑥What’s more, satellites made of wood do not add to air pollution. When satellites stop working, they are usually sent back to Earth to burn up in the air. In this process, metal satellites can leave harmful particles (颗粒) behind. But wooden ones burn up cleanly without causing pollution. 1. What does the underlined word “sensor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．感觉器官 B．感应器 C．感知者 D．感觉 2. Why is wood considered a good material for space, according to Kōji MAurata? A．It does not rot or catch fire in space. B．It causes less pollution. C．It can withstand bad weather. D．It uses less energy. 3. How do wooden satellites help the environment? A．They are cheaper to produce. B．They are easier to recycle. C．They can collect harmful particles in space. D．They can burn up cleanly on the way back to Earth. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A．The media’s views on the recently launched satellite. B．A study of a newly invented material for future space use. C．An introduction to the recently launched special satellite. D．The successful launch of a satellite to a new position. Passage 6 （24-25九年级上·重庆铜梁·期末）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most products at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmers markets are a good choice to avoid long journeys, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) can make the trip even shorter. BMF is an indoor garden ecosystem. It can be set up for a family. Additionally (另外), it could serve a larger group such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The design requires little effort to achieve a weekly supply of fresh greens. In fact, it’s a farm that depends on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF enables remote monitoring (远程监控). Also, there is an app that provides growing data (数据) in real time. Because the system is smart, it uses less water than would be required to grow the plants. Rather than watering rows of soil (土壤), the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After the plants grow up, users simply replace the plants to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having such a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero pollution about transporting from soil to table. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides (农药) and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the environment. BMF workers pay attention to environmental protection in their daily lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and avoiding single-use plastic. “We have been working on reducing waste, carbon (碳), and chemicals in the environment.” said a BMF official. 1. What can be learned about BMF? A．It provides all kinds of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It makes the farm-to-table trip shorter. D．It depends on farmer’s markets. 2. What information does the convenient app offer? A．Real-time weather changes. B．The condition of the plants. C．Pollution in the soil. D．The taste of food. 3. The Chinese meaning of the word “reducing” is probably ________. A．减少 B．耗费 C．扩增 D．提倡 4. According to the passage, we can know that ________ A．BMF workers enjoy sharing their daily experiences B．BMF workers are interested in community service C．BMF workers are busy providing products to farmers markets D．BMF workers understand the importance of protecting the environment Passage 7 （24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末） Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction (破坏) of our environment. Brown clouds, polluted water, endangered wild animals... these problems seem so huge. So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to drive... But does it do any good? When I am the only one in line at the market with cloth bags, am I doing any good? Does my walking to stores make any real difference to the world? I recently learned something about flamingos (火烈鸟) which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when the time comes for migration (迁徙), a few of them first take off from the lake. But none of the others seem to notice, so the small group returns. However, the next day they try again. This time a few more fly along with them, but most of them still pay no attention, so they return again. They try for several times. Every time a few more birds join in but, since the thousands of others still take no notice, the great migration plan is once more stopped. Then one day something changes. The same small group of birds once again starts flying and a small number more join in just as before, then more. Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular (壮丽的) sight it must be—thousands of flamingos taking off into the sky at once! A few can make a difference. Even if you’re the one to take the first step, and continue trying others will someday take notice and together we will solve even our greatest problems. 1. Where would you most probably read this passage? A．A guidebook. B．A movie poster. C．A personal blog (博客). D．A science magazine. 2. Why does the writer use cloth bags in stores? A．Because he wants to do some good to the environment. B．Because he thinks plastic bags are more expensive. C．Because there are only cloth bags in stores. D．Because all the people use cloth bags in stores. 3. Why does the small group of flamingos return to the lake? A．Because they are very tired. B．Because they can’t find food out there. C．Because there are some dangerous animals. D．Because the others don’t fly along with them. 4. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article? A．To show that the writer loves to see the migration of flamingos. B．To tell readers to continue trying and it can make a difference. C．To introduce a special kind of flamingo to readers. D．To show that there are many problems in the world. Passage 8 （24-25九年级上·浙江温州·期末） ① China is famous for having the best high-speed train network in the world. Now, a new train called CR450 is breaking speed records! ② CR450 can go very fast, with an average (平均的) speed of 400 km/h and a top speed of 453 km/h. Before this, the fastest high-speed train in a rail network in the world is China’s CR400, which runs at 350 km/h on average. Once put into use, for example, the CR450 will shorten the travel time from Beijing to Shanghai to just about two and a half hours, which takes at least four and a half hours at the moment. ③ “The key is not to make the train run fast but to have it brake (刹车) accurately and steadily (平稳地), ” Zhao Hongwei of the China Academy of Railway Sciences told CCTV News. It travels a lot faster, but the standard is that the CR450 should have the same brake distance (距离) as the CR400, which is 6,500 meters. It can also start braking more quickly, taking just 1.7 seconds compared to the 2.3 seconds needed for the CR400. ④ Engineers tested the brakes a lot to make sure they work well. In the tests, the brake disc (制动盘) got really hot, reaching temperatures of up to 700°C． Its color changed from black to red. The changes were then recorded. All the data were saved in a smart system to make a digital model of the brake system. ⑤ Besides having a faster speed and better braking system, CR450 is also lighter and uses less energy than CR400, according to CCTV News. This means that the CR450 uses less fuel or power to run, which is good for the environment because it reduces pollution. And a lighter train also needs less energy to move, so it can travel farther on the same amount of fuel. ⑥With all these advantages, people are very excited to see this new train and experience its speed and comfort. China’s high-speed train network is truly impressive, and the CR450 is just another example of its greatness! 1. How much faster the CR450 is on average compared to the CR400? A．50 km/h. B．350 km/h. C．400 km/h. D．453 km/h. 2. What is the key to CR450 According to Zhao Hongwei? A．Making it run much faster. B．Having a better braking system. C．Using less and greener energy. D．Having a comfortable environment. 3. Which will be most affected (影响) by the development of the CR450 train from the passage? A．The job market for train drivers. B．China’s efforts in environmental protection. C．The need for a high-powered network. D．The popularity of other kinds of transportation. 4. Which is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 9 （2025九年级·全国·专题练习）Shashiyu was once a poor village in Hebei Province, but now it has changed into a rich and livable place. In the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu, encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty. “In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we? Nobody was born to be poor!” Hearing his words, the villagers decided to make a difference. Led by the Communist Party of China, the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From 1966 to 1971, they reclaimed (开垦) lots of land and greatly improved their life. However, the village encountered a new problem two decades later as the environment became heavily polluted by chemical plants and mine refineries built in 1990s. The polluting factories were shut down in 2004, and villagers started grape cultivation, which soon became a main industry in Shashiyu. In 2009, the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan ( $152, 723) to change the village’s exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations. After 10 years, the village was called “National Forest Village”. Zhang said that the village started a yearly tourism festival in 2015 to attract travelers to pick grapes. “The grapes could be sold at a better price once Shashiyu becomes famous through this festival. Our villagers can then live even better lives,” he said. 1. Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers? A．Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work. B．Because Yu Gong was born poor too. C．Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong. D．Because Yu Gong became rich at last. 2. Which word can be used to describe the villagers? A．Hard-working. B．Lazy. C．Kind-hearted. D．Stupid. 3. When was Shashiyu called “National Forest Village”? A．In 2009. B．In 2004. C．In 2015. D．In 2019. 4. Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a newspaper. C．In a sports magazine. D．In a science book. Passage 10 （2025九年级·山东·专题练习）Have you ever wondered where the smartphone comes from? You might say it comes from a store or a factory. But the truth is more complicated (复杂的) than that—and it’s not a truth that is easy to hear. Many different materials are needed to make smartphones. Clearly, they need plastic and steel—but that’s just the beginning. Smartphones also use rare (稀有的) elements, which are also known as “conflict elements (冲突元素)”. That’s because these elements mostly come from areas that suffer from war and hunger. Researchers at England’s University of Plymouth did an experiment to draw people’s attention to the use of “conflict elements”. They used a blender to grind (磨碎) a smartphone into little bits and pieces, according to The Mirror. They found that the phone had a great deal of silver, gold, cobalt (钴) and other elements. This means that to create one phone, workers would need to mine (开采) 10 to 15kg of ore (矿石). Unfortunately, mining these ores can be bad for the environment, as it pollutes the water and soil. Also, some of these elements are sold to support armies in war-torn areas. And there is another big problem with mining “conflict elements”: illegal (非法的) child labor. For example, cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo in Africa have been using child workers to mine ore, Fox News reported. Luckily, there is some good news. Some smartphone companies have promised to recycle more of their products and fight child labor. “We hope that we can now look at our phones in a different light, not just as a high-tech product, but also as an item that is made from materials that are mined,” said Dr. Arjan Dijkstra, a lead researcher for the blender experiment. 1. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean? A．The truth isn’t exciting to hear. B．The truth is further than you know. C．The truth is easy to understand. D．The truth is well-known. 2. Why did researchers grind a smartphone? A．To draw people’s attention to smartphones. B．To test the quality of smartphones. C．To try out a blender they invented. D．To find out the elements used in it. 3. The researchers actually care about ________. A．how much ore is needed for each smartphone B．the problems that mining “conflict elements” brings C．countries and areas that are destroyed by wars D．jobs that are suitable for children all over the world 4. What can we infer from the text? A．Smartphones are expensive because they are made of rare elements. B．More smartphones might be recycled by smartphone companies. C．Recycling smartphones is a good way to fight child labor. D．Researchers are strongly against the reuse of smartphones. Passage 11 （23-24九年级下·吉林长春·期中）Many people know Changchun’s beautiful night view (景色), especially the colorful lights from the buildings. Light helps us see and makes the environment more beautiful. However, too much light becomes a kind of pollution, but many of us pay little attention to this pollution or even ignore it. In fact, it causes a lot of problems. Light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) pollution. Too much light can do harm to our health. First, it can make us feel bad and we can’t sleep well. Second, lights need electricity, and creating electricity will give off greenhouse gases. This affects the air and causes breathing problems. Third, study shows people living under bright light for long can have cancer more easily. Too much light may be even harmful to wild animals. Thousands of birds die from it each year. Some hit into the light buildings, because they can’t see clearly in the strong light. Some birds sometimes lose their ways in the bright light. Sea turtles (海龟) can’t find the dark beaches to lay their eggs. To protect humans and wildlife, we should take measures to reduce the use of lights at night. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. Changchun’s night is beautiful because of the ________. A．colorful lights B．tall buildings C．nice sea D．wild animals 2. The underlined word “ignore” means ________ in Chinese. A．熟悉 B．消除 C．忽视 D．防治 3. According to the passage, light pollution can be almost as bad as ________ pollution. A．air B．water C．noise D．soil 4. It is NOT TRUE that ________. A．too much light can do harm to wild animals B．birds can’t see clearly because the light is too bright C．birds sometimes lose their way because of the bright light D．sea turtles can’t find the dark beaches to rest 5. The main idea of the passage is ________. A．the measures to reduce the use of lights at night B．the reasons why thousands of birds die each year C．how to protect ourselves from the bright light D．the harm of light pollution Passage 12 （24-25九年级上·广西南宁·阶段练习）①Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the second largest freshwater lake in the world. Lake Victoria not only is beautiful but also provides a source (源头) of water, food and power for several African countries. However, the lake has been polluted seriously. People there worry about the problem and take action to protect it. James Kateeba is one of them. ②James Kateeba lives in Uganda, a country next to Lake Victoria. His job is to show tourists around Uganda. He found that during the rainy season, there is a lot of plastic waste floating (漂浮) on Lake Victoria. It not only pollutes the environment but also influences the local fishing industry (工业).   ③James Kateeba wanted to do something for Lake Victoria. Mr. Kateeba watched some fishermen building boats. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He decided to make his own boat. And his boat is not like traditional wooden boats. His boat is made of recycled things, and it became a recycling project later. ④In 2007, James asked fishermen to collect plastic bottles for some money. They tied the bottles to nets (网) to make a special boat that could float on the water. Mr. Kateeba put soil over the bottles and built a garden. Then he added the board. Tourists like his boat for its rich plants, food and drinks. Today, the boat, marketed (营销) as the Floating Island, can comfortably serve 100 visitors at a time. ⑤Mr. Kateeba isn’t the only one who wants to clean up. Local environmental workers also offered money to fishermen to collect all the bottles they caught in their nets. 1. What does Mr. Kateeba do? A．A guide. B．A fisherman. C．A farmer. 2. Which industry is influenced by the pollution according to paragraph②? A．Tourist industry. B．Fishing industry. C．Restaurant industry. 3. What makes Mr. Kateeba’s boat different from traditional boats? A．It can float on the water. B．It’s built by fisherman. C．It’s made of recycled things. 4. Which of the following best describes Mr. Kateeba? A．Creative. B．Lazy. C．Friendly. 5. What is the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． Passage 13 （24-25九年级上·河南周口·期末）World Environment Day is celebrated every year on June 5th to protect nature and the planet Earth. What do people do? World Environment Day is celebrated in many ways in countries such as Kenya, New Zealand, Poland, Spain and the United States. Activities include concerts, tree planting and so on. In many countries, this annual event is used to get political attention and action towards improving the environment. Public life The UN World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so public life isn’t affected. Background World Environment Day was built by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972. It’s hosted every year by a different city and honored with an international fair through the week of June 5th. Symbols The main colors for this event are natural colors. These colors are often softer shades of green, brown and blue. Pictures of the earth’s features like snowy mountains, clean beaches and unpolluted rivers are used to improve campaigns (活动) supporting the day. Date of World Environment Day Sun June 5 2016 World Environment Day Mon June 5 2017 World Environment Day Tues June 5 2018 World Environment Day 1. Which is NOT World Environment Day’s purpose? A．Raise awareness of the environment. B．Get political attention and action. C．Give people a holiday. D．Improve the earth's environment. 2. The underlined word “feature” means “________” in Chinese. A．特征 B．资源 C．能量 D．轮廓 3. Which can’t be used to improve campaigns supporting World Environment Day? A．The clean sea beaches. B．The polluted lakes. C．The unpolluted rivers. D．The snowy mountains. 4. Which is NOT mentioned about the background of World Environment Day? A．It was started by the United Nations General Assembly. B．There’s a different host city for World Environment Day each year. C．The international fair was held only on June 5th. D．World Environment Day started in 1972. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．World Environment Day is held on July 5th every year. B．There aren’t many activities on World Environment Day. C．World Environment Day will influence public life. D．The important colors for World Environment Day are natural colors. Passage 14 （24-25九年级上·河南南阳·期末）Nowadays the pollution of the sea is becoming an increasingly serious problem. How can we reduce the pollution in the sea and make the underwater environment better? Scientists in Norway have created an underwater robot, which can help a lot. The robot is 45 kg in weight and uses special cameras to get 3D images (图像). It can discover different kinds of pollution at the bottom of the sea. It will help clean-up teams find the areas where there is rubbish and then they can spend most of their time and money removing (清除) the most harmful materials. The researchers put their work to the test in a bay (海湾) in the city of Bergen. First, the robot swam up and down two meters above the seabed, collecting information. Then a computer turned the information into a map, which showed different rubbish materials in different colors. Thousands of objects were discovered in the bay, including bottles, metals, plastics, etc. “Bergen is a place where different industries come together, and the city is quite old, so there’s a huge amount of rubbish,” said Trygve Olav Fossum, one of the researchers. “We think the rubbish in the bay weighs 150 tons to 300 tons.” It is not always possible to remove everything. Some things are more harmful, so it’s more important to clear them from the sea. “Glass isn’t really polluting the sea,” said Fossum. “So if you know there’s an area with a lot of glass, you don’t need to worry much about that and you can pay more attention to the things that are putting heavy metals into the environment.” The maps will be used to help the clean-up teams locate (定位) the most harmful materials so that they can remove them first. Thanks to the development of the science and technology, the underwater environment can be improved a lot. As well as helping to deal with pollution, the robot can also show where creatures like starfish are on the seabed. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1. The topic of the passage is about ________. A．health B．nature C．safety D．science and technology 2. What can the robot do? a. take pictures            b. swim underwater            c. make a map               d. remove rubbish          e. discover pollution A．a b c B．a b e C．b c d D．b c e 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Clean-up teams want to recycle the rubbish. B．The underwater pollution attracts much attention. C．There are much different rubbish in different colors. D．People shouldn’t throw harmful materials into the sea. 4. What’s the writer’s purpose of taking glass for example in Paragraph 4? A．To show it isn’t always possible to remove everything. B．To explain how serious the water pollution is in the bay. C．To tell us the most harmful things should be removed first. D．To call on clean-up teams to pay more attention to removing glass. 5. What’s the best title for the text? A．An underwater robot B．The pollution of the sea C．Development of modern science D．Environmental protection in Norway Passage 15 （25-26九年级上·福建泉州·期末）Have you heard of microplastics (微塑料)? Can we see them in our daily life? Are they good or bad for human beings? Microplastics are very small. According to National Geographic, microplastics are usually less than five millimeters (毫米) in size. But they bring big problems. This small size lets them go everywhere, even in water and air. They don’t break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years. A new study said that by 2040, microplastic pollution could be twice as bad as it is now. Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. They come from many places. For example, about 60 percent of material made into clothes is plastic. Every time when the clothes are washed, they shed microplastics. When water bottles and other big plastic products are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. These microplastics can be bad for our health and even cause cancer. In August, the Conversation reported that scientists found microplastics in people’s brains for the first time. They may hurt brain cells (细胞) and change how the brain works. Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution. Each year, up to three million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean. Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick. To deal with the problem, scientists think the best way right now is to make and use less plastic. As students, we can reduce plastic things in our daily life, such as using glass or metal cups instead of plastic bottles and cups. 1. The writer starts the text by ________. A．telling stories B．asking questions C．listing numbers D．giving examples 2. What does the underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．代替 B．降低 C．改变 D．脱落 3. What can we know about microplastics? A．Microplastics come from the oceans. B．Microplastics are often over five millimeters. C．It is difficult for microplastics to break down. D．Scientists found microplastics helped people’s brains work better. 4. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Microplastics. B．Brain cells. C．Wild animals. D．Plastic bottles. 5. What would be the best title for the text? A．Wild Animals in Danger B．What to Do with Microplastics C．Ways to Reduce Microplastics D．Tiny Pieces of Plastic Bring Big Problems 16 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$热点话题·阅读特训 话题 J-201 环境保护 2025年中考英语 梯度专练 话题1：鸟类筑巢与垃圾污染 话题2：木制卫星与环保优势 话题3：噪音污染与健康危害 话题4：塑料包装与环境污染 Passage 1 （24-25九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）①Birds are building their nests (巢) with rubbish, said a new study. The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. ②A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. ③Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have some chemicals, so they can keep insects away and protect the baby birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the birds warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. ④However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The harmful chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives. ⑤To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of the fishing net (渔网) may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the baby birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 1. How did the European scientists get their findings? A．By doing thousands of tests. B．By studying a lot of bird nests. C．By looking through a lot of studies. D．By watching the birds for a long time. 2. How can plastic bags “help” birds? A．They can keep birds warm. B．They can keep insects away. C．They can make nests stronger. D．They can protect the baby birds. 3. What does the underlined word “trap” mean? A．困住 B．喂养 C．放生 D．安慰 4. Which paragraphs talk about the bad effects of human rubbish on bird nests? A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．④⑤ 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文简述了一项研究发现：鸟类正在使用包括烟头和塑料袋在内的垃圾筑巢，这些垃圾有时对鸟类有益，但最终可能给它们带来伤害。 1. 细节理解题。根据“A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests.”可知，欧洲科学家通过调查大约35000项关于鸟类的巢穴的研究得出了他们的发现。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Plastic bags are useful in keeping the birds warm”可知，塑料袋对鸟类保暖很有用。故选A。 3. 词义猜测题。根据“Pieces of the fishing net (渔网) may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves”可知，渔网也可能困住鸟类，它们不可能自己逃脱，所以trap意为“困住”，故选A。 4. 段落大意题。根据“The harmful chemicals in cigarettes hurt the baby birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives.”及“To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest.”可知，第四段和第五段讲述了人类垃圾对鸟类的不良影响。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25九年级上·辽宁铁岭·期末）Next time you open your fridge, have a close look at what’s in it. What do you see? Vegetables, fruits, meat or some milk? What else can you see? There may be some kinds of plastic packaging (塑料包装) to protect your delicious food well. From food to water bottles, plastic containers and wrappers (容器和包装纸) are everywhere. However, plastic pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems in the world and packaging is the largest source (来源) of plastic waste. It’s true that plastic pollution harms the environment and results. in lots of animal deaths each year. And plastic pollution can be harmful to people’s health, as well as the environment. This happens when the material gives off harmful chemicals (化学物质) that have been added to it. Many countries have already brought in, or are planning to bring in bans (禁令) on single use plastics. This shows that it’s possible to live without them. While in some situations, for example, plastic packaging may be the best choice for wrapping food. It is stronger than glass or paper and also lighter than many other packing materials. So instead of not using plastic at all, we need to use it only when necessary. Lots of packaging can be recycled or reused. Instead of throwing it directly, perhaps we need to find better ways to reuse it. 1. How does the writer lead in the topic? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving examples. D．By making a survey. 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Plastics can be strong and cheap to use. B．People are trying to get rid of plastics now. C．Bans on single use plastics have been carried out. D．It’s impossible to recycle plastic packaging. 3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Plastic. B．Packaging. C．Glass. D．Paper. 4. The passage is written to ______. A．introduce the disadvantages of plastics B．tell people how to recycle plastics C．warn people not to use plastic packaging D．call on (呼吁) people to use plastics properly 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了塑料污染的危害以及一些国家采取的措施。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Next time you open your fridge, have a close look at what’s in it. What do you see? Vegetables, fruits, meat or some milk? What else can you see?”可知，作者是通过提问题来引出主题的。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据“…plastic packaging may be the best choice for wrapping food. It is stronger than glass or paper and also lighter than many other packing materials.”可知，塑料比玻璃或纸张更坚固，也比许多其他包装材料更轻，使用起来又结实又便宜。故选A。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“While in some situations, for example, plastic packaging may be the best choice for wrapping food. It is stronger than glass or paper and also lighter than many other packing materials. So instead of not using plastic at all, we need to use it only when necessary.”可知，在某些情况下，例如，塑料包装可能是包装食品的最佳选择，它比玻璃或纸更坚固，也比许多其他包装材料更轻，因此，我们需要仅在必要时使用塑料，而不是完全不使用塑料；可推测出“it”指代的是“plastic”。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染的危害以及一些国家采取的措施，呼吁人们正确使用塑料。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25九年级上·山东烟台·期末）Everyone wants to live in a quiet environment. However, our environment is full of all kinds of noise. “The rising noise pollution in cities is bad for the environment,” the United Nations (UN) said in a report. It asks governments to take action as soon as possible. What’s noise pollution? According to the UN, unwanted noise above 65 decibels (分贝) is noise pollution. Noise becomes harmful when it’s over 75 dB and it is painful when it’s above 120 dB．People who live near airports or highways get a lot of noise pollution. When neighbors rebuild their homes or stomp (跺脚) around above you, that’s also noise pollution. Why is noise pollution bad? “High levels of noise do harm to human health,” the UN report says. Too much noise causes health problems like stress and tiredness from poor sleep. More serious problems include heart disease and hearing loss. In Europe, 12,000 people die each year from influences of noise pollution.    How can we prevent the problem? If cities want to fight noise pollution, one great way is to build barriers (屏障) along the railways and highways. Some European countries have also built roads of rubber. Rubber makes cars quieter. How can you and I help? We can stop stomping around our houses! In a word, noise pollution is harmful to us. We ought to try our best to avoid producing noise. 1. What does the UN want countries around the world to do according to Paragraph 1? A．To keep quiet about pollution. B．To deal with noise pollution. C．To stop cities from growing. D．To protect wild animals. 2. When does noise pollution take place according to the UN? A．When people talk at an airport. B．When neighbors walk around you. C．When students read books in the classroom. D．When sounds are unwanted and louder than 65 decibels. 3. Which of the following is NOT caused by noise pollution? A．People might feel tired. B．People might have heart disease. C．People might sleep more than usual. D．People might have hearing problems. 4. What’s the text mainly about? A．Some facts about noise pollution. B．How to stop noise pollution. C．Some environmental problems. D．How to protect the environment. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了噪音污染及其危害，并提供了一些解决噪音污染的方法。 1. 细节理解题。根据“It asks governments to take action as soon as possible.”可知，联合国希望各国政府迅速采取行动来解决噪音污染问题。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“According to the UN, unwanted noise above 65 decibels (分贝) is noise pollution.”可知，当声音不受欢迎且声音大于65分贝时，就会发生噪音污染。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Too much noise causes health problems like stress and tiredness from poor sleep.’’可知噪音污染可能导致压力和因睡眠不足而感到疲惫，而不是睡眠时间增加。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据整篇文章内容，尤其是第一段“‘The rising noise pollution in cities is bad for the environment,’the United Nations (UN) said in a report.”可知，本文主要讨论了噪音污染的现状及其影响。故选A。 Passage 4 （23-24九年级上·山东淄博·期末）According to a new study, birds are building their nests (巢) with rubbish. The rubbish includes cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags. A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on bird nests. They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica. Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds “like” putting it in their nests. For example, cigarette butts have some chemicals (化学品), so they can keep insects away and protect the young birds. Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm, and other hard things, such as paper cards, can make nests stronger. However, in the end, human rubbish may only bring more harm to birds. The toxic (毒的) chemicals in cigarettes hurt the the young birds. They may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a 2014 study. To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home, it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of fishing net may also trap (缠住) birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by themselves. If the young birds eat other kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also get hurt. Our friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of humans polluting the environment. 1. The European scientists found that ________. A．there is human rubbish in the nests of many birds B．some people help birds build their nests by hand C．there are almost no birds living in Antarctica D．birds can help humans clean the environment 2. How can cigarette butts “help” birds? A．They can make nests stronger. B．They can keep birds warm. C．They can stop insects getting close. D．They can be the birds’ good food. 3. What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Humans. B．Birds. C．Chemicals. D．Rubbish. 4. Where will we probably read the passage? A．In a travel guide. B．On a parenting website. C．In a story book. D．In a newspaper. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文讲述了鸟类使用垃圾筑巢的现象及其带来的潜在危害。 1. 细节理解题。根据“They found that birds have used man-made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica.”可知，欧洲科学家发现很多鸟类的巢里都有人类的垃圾。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“For example, cigarette butts have some chemicals, so they can keep insects away and protect the young birds.”可知，烟头中的化学物质阻止昆虫靠近。故选C。 3. 词义猜测题。根据前文“The toxic chemicals in cigarettes hurt the young birds.”可知，有毒化学物质会伤害小鸟。此处“They may get sick or have shorter lives”中的“They”指的是小鸟。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。本文主要讨论鸟类用垃圾筑巢的现象及其危害，类似报道多见于新闻媒体，所以有可能在报纸上读到这篇文章。故选D。 Passage 5 （24-25九年级上·浙江台州·期末）①On Nov. 5, LignoSat, the world’s first wooden satellite (卫星), went into space from Florida, US, reported The Guardian. ②LignoSat was developed by the Kyoto University and the company Sumitomo Forestry in Japan. Shaped like a little cube (立方体), the satellite is only about the size of your hand. It will fly around Earth at a height of about 400 kilometers. ③The goal is to see if wood can be used for future space missions(任务). LignoSat is made from a kind of magnolia tree traditionally used to make sword cases (剑鞘) in Japan. The satellite will spend six months in space. The electronic sensors on it will record its performance for scientists to check if it can deal with the hard environment in space. There, it can be as cold as -100° and as hot as 100 ℃. ④Wood is a good choice for space missions because there is no water or air there to make it rot (腐烂) or catch fire, Koji Murata, a scientist at Kyoto University, told Reuters. ⑤Wooden satellites can help protect the environment because people can grow more wood. This makes it renewable. ⑥What’s more, satellites made of wood do not add to air pollution. When satellites stop working, they are usually sent back to Earth to burn up in the air. In this process, metal satellites can leave harmful particles (颗粒) behind. But wooden ones burn up cleanly without causing pollution. 1. What does the underlined word “sensor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．感觉器官 B．感应器 C．感知者 D．感觉 2. Why is wood considered a good material for space, according to Kōji MAurata? A．It does not rot or catch fire in space. B．It causes less pollution. C．It can withstand bad weather. D．It uses less energy. 3. How do wooden satellites help the environment? A．They are cheaper to produce. B．They are easier to recycle. C．They can collect harmful particles in space. D．They can burn up cleanly on the way back to Earth. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A．The media’s views on the recently launched satellite. B．A study of a newly invented material for future space use. C．An introduction to the recently launched special satellite. D．The successful launch of a satellite to a new position. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了最近发射的一颗特殊木制卫星。 1. 词义猜测题。根据“The electronic sensors on it will record its performance for scientists to check if it can deal with the hard environment in space.” 可知，传感器能记录一些信息，“sensor” 指的是“感应器”，故选B。   2. 细节理解题。根据文本“Wood is a good choice for space missions because there is no water or air there to make it rot (腐烂) or catch fire”可知，木材在太空中不会腐烂或着火，故选A。   3. 细节理解题。根据“When satellites stop working, they are usually sent back to Earth to burn up…wooden ones burn up cleanly without causing pollution.”可知，木制卫星在返回地球时能够干净地燃烧，不会造成污染，故选D。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了最近发射的一颗特殊木制卫星，故选C。 Passage 6 （24-25九年级上·重庆铜梁·期末）We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most products at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmers markets are a good choice to avoid long journeys, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) can make the trip even shorter. BMF is an indoor garden ecosystem. It can be set up for a family. Additionally (另外), it could serve a larger group such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The design requires little effort to achieve a weekly supply of fresh greens. In fact, it’s a farm that depends on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF enables remote monitoring (远程监控). Also, there is an app that provides growing data (数据) in real time. Because the system is smart, it uses less water than would be required to grow the plants. Rather than watering rows of soil (土壤), the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After the plants grow up, users simply replace the plants to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having such a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero pollution about transporting from soil to table. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides (农药) and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the environment. BMF workers pay attention to environmental protection in their daily lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and avoiding single-use plastic. “We have been working on reducing waste, carbon (碳), and chemicals in the environment.” said a BMF official. 1. What can be learned about BMF? A．It provides all kinds of food. B．It requires day-to-day care. C．It makes the farm-to-table trip shorter. D．It depends on farmer’s markets. 2. What information does the convenient app offer? A．Real-time weather changes. B．The condition of the plants. C．Pollution in the soil. D．The taste of food. 3. The Chinese meaning of the word “reducing” is probably ________. A．减少 B．耗费 C．扩增 D．提倡 4. According to the passage, we can know that ________ A．BMF workers enjoy sharing their daily experiences B．BMF workers are interested in community service C．BMF workers are busy providing products to farmers markets D．BMF workers understand the importance of protecting the environment 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了BMF。BMF是一种室内园艺系统，它可以在家庭里建立，也可以服务于更大的场所，如医院、餐馆和学校。这种系统是自动化的，非常省水，还能减少垃圾和化学物的排放。 1. 细节理解题。根据“While farmers markets are a good choice to avoid long journeys, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) can make the trip even shorter.”可知，BMF能让从农场到餐桌的路程更短。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Also, there is an app that provides growing data (数据) in real time.”可知，这个方便的应用程序能提供植物生长状况的实时数据。故选B。 3. 词义猜测题。根据“In addition, there’s no need for pesticides (农药) and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the environment.”以及“We have been working on reducing waste, carbon (碳), and chemicals in the environment.”可推知，“reducing”在此处意为“减少”。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据“BMF workers pay attention to environmental protection in their daily lives...‘We have been working on reducing waste, carbon (碳), and chemicals in the environment.’ said a BMF official.”可知，BMF 的员工注重环保，他们明白保护环境的重要性。故选D。 Passage 7 （24-25九年级上·山东德州·期末） Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction (破坏) of our environment. Brown clouds, polluted water, endangered wild animals... these problems seem so huge. So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to drive... But does it do any good? When I am the only one in line at the market with cloth bags, am I doing any good? Does my walking to stores make any real difference to the world? I recently learned something about flamingos (火烈鸟) which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more. Every year, when the time comes for migration (迁徙), a few of them first take off from the lake. But none of the others seem to notice, so the small group returns. However, the next day they try again. This time a few more fly along with them, but most of them still pay no attention, so they return again. They try for several times. Every time a few more birds join in but, since the thousands of others still take no notice, the great migration plan is once more stopped. Then one day something changes. The same small group of birds once again starts flying and a small number more join in just as before, then more. Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular (壮丽的) sight it must be—thousands of flamingos taking off into the sky at once! A few can make a difference. Even if you’re the one to take the first step, and continue trying others will someday take notice and together we will solve even our greatest problems. 1. Where would you most probably read this passage? A．A guidebook. B．A movie poster. C．A personal blog (博客). D．A science magazine. 2. Why does the writer use cloth bags in stores? A．Because he wants to do some good to the environment. B．Because he thinks plastic bags are more expensive. C．Because there are only cloth bags in stores. D．Because all the people use cloth bags in stores. 3. Why does the small group of flamingos return to the lake? A．Because they are very tired. B．Because they can’t find food out there. C．Because there are some dangerous animals. D．Because the others don’t fly along with them. 4. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article? A．To show that the writer loves to see the migration of flamingos. B．To tell readers to continue trying and it can make a difference. C．To introduce a special kind of flamingo to readers. D．To show that there are many problems in the world. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文作者介绍了环境问题很严重，我们可以做些力所能力的事来帮助改善环境。 1. 推理判断题。通读全文，作者在表达个人的日常生活和观点，这更符合发表在个人博客上的形式，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction (破坏) of our environment.”以及“So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags.”可知，作者提到家人用布袋是为了保护环境，故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“I recently learned something about flamingos (火烈鸟) which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more.”以及“Every year, when the time comes for migration (迁徙)…so they return again. They try for several times. ”可知，火烈鸟群的迁徙需很多鸟共同参与，否则它们会返回湖泊等待更多同伴加入。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据“A few can make a difference. Even if you’re the one to take the first step, and continue trying others will someday take notice and together we will solve even our greatest problems.”可知，作者通过自己家庭环保行动和火烈鸟迁徙故事，旨在鼓励读者通过坚持不懈的努力能带来改变。故选B。 Passage 8 （24-25九年级上·浙江温州·期末） ① China is famous for having the best high-speed train network in the world. Now, a new train called CR450 is breaking speed records! ② CR450 can go very fast, with an average (平均的) speed of 400 km/h and a top speed of 453 km/h. Before this, the fastest high-speed train in a rail network in the world is China’s CR400, which runs at 350 km/h on average. Once put into use, for example, the CR450 will shorten the travel time from Beijing to Shanghai to just about two and a half hours, which takes at least four and a half hours at the moment. ③ “The key is not to make the train run fast but to have it brake (刹车) accurately and steadily (平稳地), ” Zhao Hongwei of the China Academy of Railway Sciences told CCTV News. It travels a lot faster, but the standard is that the CR450 should have the same brake distance (距离) as the CR400, which is 6,500 meters. It can also start braking more quickly, taking just 1.7 seconds compared to the 2.3 seconds needed for the CR400. ④ Engineers tested the brakes a lot to make sure they work well. In the tests, the brake disc (制动盘) got really hot, reaching temperatures of up to 700°C． Its color changed from black to red. The changes were then recorded. All the data were saved in a smart system to make a digital model of the brake system. ⑤ Besides having a faster speed and better braking system, CR450 is also lighter and uses less energy than CR400, according to CCTV News. This means that the CR450 uses less fuel or power to run, which is good for the environment because it reduces pollution. And a lighter train also needs less energy to move, so it can travel farther on the same amount of fuel. ⑥With all these advantages, people are very excited to see this new train and experience its speed and comfort. China’s high-speed train network is truly impressive, and the CR450 is just another example of its greatness! 1. How much faster the CR450 is on average compared to the CR400? A．50 km/h. B．350 km/h. C．400 km/h. D．453 km/h. 2. What is the key to CR450 According to Zhao Hongwei? A．Making it run much faster. B．Having a better braking system. C．Using less and greener energy. D．Having a comfortable environment. 3. Which will be most affected (影响) by the development of the CR450 train from the passage? A．The job market for train drivers. B．China’s efforts in environmental protection. C．The need for a high-powered network. D．The popularity of other kinds of transportation. 4. Which is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了CR450高速动车的信息。 1. 细节理解题。根据“CR450 can go very fast, with an average speed of 400 km/h”和“China’s CR400, which runs at 350 km/h on average.”可知，CR450平均速度比CR400平均速度快50 km/h。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The key is not to make the train run fast but to have it brake accurately and steadily”可知，CR450的关键在于使它刹车准确而平稳。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据“This means that the CR450 uses less fuel or power to run, which is good for the environment because it reduces pollution.”可知，中国在环境保护方面的努力将最受到CR450列车发展的影响。故选B。 4. 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总领全文，引出下文介绍CR450高速动车；第二段介绍了CR450的速度；第三、四段主要介绍了CR450的制动系统；第五段介绍CR450的耗能。第六段总结。故选D。 Passage 9 （2025九年级·全国·专题练习）Shashiyu was once a poor village in Hebei Province, but now it has changed into a rich and livable place. In the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. Zhang Guishun, the Party secretary of Shashiyu, encouraged his villagers to do their best to pull themselves out of poverty. “In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we? Nobody was born to be poor!” Hearing his words, the villagers decided to make a difference. Led by the Communist Party of China, the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From 1966 to 1971, they reclaimed (开垦) lots of land and greatly improved their life. However, the village encountered a new problem two decades later as the environment became heavily polluted by chemical plants and mine refineries built in 1990s. The polluting factories were shut down in 2004, and villagers started grape cultivation, which soon became a main industry in Shashiyu. In 2009, the city-level government invested over 1 million yuan ( $152, 723) to change the village’s exhibition hall into a museum in memory of development efforts made by earlier generations. After 10 years, the village was called “National Forest Village”. Zhang said that the village started a yearly tourism festival in 2015 to attract travelers to pick grapes. “The grapes could be sold at a better price once Shashiyu becomes famous through this festival. Our villagers can then live even better lives,” he said. 1. Why did Zhang Guishun use the story of Yu Gong to encourage the villagers? A．Because Yu Gong had strong will and hard work. B．Because Yu Gong was born poor too. C．Because the villagers worshiped Yu Gong. D．Because Yu Gong became rich at last. 2. Which word can be used to describe the villagers? A．Hard-working. B．Lazy. C．Kind-hearted. D．Stupid. 3. When was Shashiyu called “National Forest Village”? A．In 2009. B．In 2004. C．In 2015. D．In 2019. 4. Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a storybook. B．In a newspaper. C．In a sports magazine. D．In a science book. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了河北沙石峪村发生的变化，详细介绍了当地村民是如何在张贵顺的带领下改变村子生活的。 1. 细节理解题。根据“‘In the ancient Chinese story, Yu Gong could move mountains with his strong will and hard work, why can’t we? Nobody was born to be poor!’”可知，愚公有坚强的意志并且努力工作。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容“Led by the Communist Party of China, the villagers carried water and soil to their village from faraway places to improve their land. From 1966 to 1971, they reclaimed (开垦) lots of land and greatly improved their life.”可知，村民们努力工作。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第六段中“In 2009” 以及“After 10 years, the village was called ‘National Forest Village’.” 可知，这个村庄被称为“国家森林村”的时间是2019年。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了沙石峪村的变化，因此文章可能会出现在报纸上。故选B。 Passage 10 （2025九年级·山东·专题练习）Have you ever wondered where the smartphone comes from? You might say it comes from a store or a factory. But the truth is more complicated (复杂的) than that—and it’s not a truth that is easy to hear. Many different materials are needed to make smartphones. Clearly, they need plastic and steel—but that’s just the beginning. Smartphones also use rare (稀有的) elements, which are also known as “conflict elements (冲突元素)”. That’s because these elements mostly come from areas that suffer from war and hunger. Researchers at England’s University of Plymouth did an experiment to draw people’s attention to the use of “conflict elements”. They used a blender to grind (磨碎) a smartphone into little bits and pieces, according to The Mirror. They found that the phone had a great deal of silver, gold, cobalt (钴) and other elements. This means that to create one phone, workers would need to mine (开采) 10 to 15kg of ore (矿石). Unfortunately, mining these ores can be bad for the environment, as it pollutes the water and soil. Also, some of these elements are sold to support armies in war-torn areas. And there is another big problem with mining “conflict elements”: illegal (非法的) child labor. For example, cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo in Africa have been using child workers to mine ore, Fox News reported. Luckily, there is some good news. Some smartphone companies have promised to recycle more of their products and fight child labor. “We hope that we can now look at our phones in a different light, not just as a high-tech product, but also as an item that is made from materials that are mined,” said Dr. Arjan Dijkstra, a lead researcher for the blender experiment. 1. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean? A．The truth isn’t exciting to hear. B．The truth is further than you know. C．The truth is easy to understand. D．The truth is well-known. 2. Why did researchers grind a smartphone? A．To draw people’s attention to smartphones. B．To test the quality of smartphones. C．To try out a blender they invented. D．To find out the elements used in it. 3. The researchers actually care about ________. A．how much ore is needed for each smartphone B．the problems that mining “conflict elements” brings C．countries and areas that are destroyed by wars D．jobs that are suitable for children all over the world 4. What can we infer from the text? A．Smartphones are expensive because they are made of rare elements. B．More smartphones might be recycled by smartphone companies. C．Recycling smartphones is a good way to fight child labor. D．Researchers are strongly against the reuse of smartphones. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 【导语】本文主要探讨了智能手机的原材料来源问题。 1. 词句猜测题。根据“But the truth is more complicated (复杂的) than that ...”可知，事实要比你所听到的更复杂，也就是说事实远比你知道的要多。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据“... to draw people’s attention to the use of ‘conflict elements’.”和“They found that the phone had a great deal of silver, gold, cobalt (钴) and other elements.”可知，研究人员磨碎智能手机是为了找出其中使用的“冲突元素”。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据“... to draw people’s attention to the use of ‘conflict elements’.”和“Unfortunately, mining these ores can be bad for the environment, ...”可知，研究人员做实验是为了引起人们对使用“冲突元素”的关注，由此推测他们真正关心的是开采“冲突元素”带来的问题。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据“Some smartphone companies have promised to recycle more of their products ...”可推断，可能会有更多的智能手机被智能手机厂商回收。故选B。 Passage 11 （23-24九年级下·吉林长春·期中）Many people know Changchun’s beautiful night view (景色), especially the colorful lights from the buildings. Light helps us see and makes the environment more beautiful. However, too much light becomes a kind of pollution, but many of us pay little attention to this pollution or even ignore it. In fact, it causes a lot of problems. Light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) pollution. Too much light can do harm to our health. First, it can make us feel bad and we can’t sleep well. Second, lights need electricity, and creating electricity will give off greenhouse gases. This affects the air and causes breathing problems. Third, study shows people living under bright light for long can have cancer more easily. Too much light may be even harmful to wild animals. Thousands of birds die from it each year. Some hit into the light buildings, because they can’t see clearly in the strong light. Some birds sometimes lose their ways in the bright light. Sea turtles (海龟) can’t find the dark beaches to lay their eggs. To protect humans and wildlife, we should take measures to reduce the use of lights at night. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. Changchun’s night is beautiful because of the ________. A．colorful lights B．tall buildings C．nice sea D．wild animals 2. The underlined word “ignore” means ________ in Chinese. A．熟悉 B．消除 C．忽视 D．防治 3. According to the passage, light pollution can be almost as bad as ________ pollution. A．air B．water C．noise D．soil 4. It is NOT TRUE that ________. A．too much light can do harm to wild animals B．birds can’t see clearly because the light is too bright C．birds sometimes lose their way because of the bright light D．sea turtles can’t find the dark beaches to rest 5. The main idea of the passage is ________. A．the measures to reduce the use of lights at night B．the reasons why thousands of birds die each year C．how to protect ourselves from the bright light D．the harm of light pollution 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 【导语】本文主要讲述了光污染的危害。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Many people know Changchun’s beautiful night view (景色), especially the colorful lights from the buildings. Light helps us see and makes the environment more beautiful”可知，长春的夜景很美是因为多彩的灯光。故选A。 2. 词义猜测题。根据“too much light becomes a kind of pollution, but many of us pay little attention to this pollution or even ignore it”可知，太多的光变成了一种污染，但是我们中的很多人不怎么注意这种污染，甚至忽视它，因此划线单词表示“忽视”。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据“Light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) pollution.”可知，光污染和二氧化碳污染几乎一样严重，也即是光污染和空气污染一样严重。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据“Sea turtles (海龟) can’t find the dark beaches to lay their eggs.”可知，海龟找不到黑暗的海滩来下蛋，而不是休息，D项表述错误。故选D。 5. 主旨大意题。根据“Light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) pollution.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了光污染的危害。故选D。 Passage 12 （24-25九年级上·广西南宁·阶段练习）①Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the second largest freshwater lake in the world. Lake Victoria not only is beautiful but also provides a source (源头) of water, food and power for several African countries. However, the lake has been polluted seriously. People there worry about the problem and take action to protect it. James Kateeba is one of them. ②James Kateeba lives in Uganda, a country next to Lake Victoria. His job is to show tourists around Uganda. He found that during the rainy season, there is a lot of plastic waste floating (漂浮) on Lake Victoria. It not only pollutes the environment but also influences the local fishing industry (工业).   ③James Kateeba wanted to do something for Lake Victoria. Mr. Kateeba watched some fishermen building boats. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He decided to make his own boat. And his boat is not like traditional wooden boats. His boat is made of recycled things, and it became a recycling project later. ④In 2007, James asked fishermen to collect plastic bottles for some money. They tied the bottles to nets (网) to make a special boat that could float on the water. Mr. Kateeba put soil over the bottles and built a garden. Then he added the board. Tourists like his boat for its rich plants, food and drinks. Today, the boat, marketed (营销) as the Floating Island, can comfortably serve 100 visitors at a time. ⑤Mr. Kateeba isn’t the only one who wants to clean up. Local environmental workers also offered money to fishermen to collect all the bottles they caught in their nets. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 1. What does Mr. Kateeba do? A．A guide. B．A fisherman. C．A farmer. 2. Which industry is influenced by the pollution according to paragraph②? A．Tourist industry. B．Fishing industry. C．Restaurant industry. 3. What makes Mr. Kateeba’s boat different from traditional boats? A．It can float on the water. B．It’s built by fisherman. C．It’s made of recycled things. 4. Which of the following best describes Mr. Kateeba? A．Creative. B．Lazy. C．Friendly. 5. What is the best structure of the passage? A． B． C． 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 【导语】本文讲述了James Kateeba为了保护非洲维多利亚湖免受塑料污染所采取的行动。 1. 细节理解题。根据“His job is to show tourists around Uganda.”可知，James Kateeba的工作是带游客游览乌干达，因此他是一名导游。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“there is a lot of plastic waste floating (漂浮) on Lake Victoria. It not only pollutes the environment but also influences the local fishing industry (工业).”可知，污染影响了当地的渔业。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“He decided to make his own boat. And his boat is not like traditional wooden boats. His boat is made of recycled things, and it became a recycling project later.”可知文中第三段表明，James Kateeba的船是用回收材料做成的，这与传统木船不同。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据“In 2007, James asked fishermen to collect plastic bottles for some money. They tied the bottles to nets (网) to make a special boat that could float on the water. Mr. Kateeba put soil over the bottles and built a garden. Then he added the board.”可知James Kateeba把这些瓶子绑在网上，做成了一艘能在水上漂浮的特殊船只。在瓶子上铺上了土壤，并建起了一个花园。这是一个创意的体现，因此用“Creative”来形容他。故选A。 5. 篇章结构题。第①段为总述，第②至④段分别介绍James Kateeba的具体行动，第⑤段总结。故选A。 Passage 13 （24-25九年级上·河南周口·期末）World Environment Day is celebrated every year on June 5th to protect nature and the planet Earth. What do people do? World Environment Day is celebrated in many ways in countries such as Kenya, New Zealand, Poland, Spain and the United States. Activities include concerts, tree planting and so on. In many countries, this annual event is used to get political attention and action towards improving the environment. Public life The UN World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so public life isn’t affected. Background World Environment Day was built by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972. It’s hosted every year by a different city and honored with an international fair through the week of June 5th. Symbols The main colors for this event are natural colors. These colors are often softer shades of green, brown and blue. Pictures of the earth’s features like snowy mountains, clean beaches and unpolluted rivers are used to improve campaigns (活动) supporting the day. Date of World Environment Day Sun June 5 2016 World Environment Day Mon June 5 2017 World Environment Day Tues June 5 2018 World Environment Day 根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。 1. Which is NOT World Environment Day’s purpose? A．Raise awareness of the environment. B．Get political attention and action. C．Give people a holiday. D．Improve the earth's environment. 2. The underlined word “feature” means “________” in Chinese. A．特征 B．资源 C．能量 D．轮廓 3. Which can’t be used to improve campaigns supporting World Environment Day? A．The clean sea beaches. B．The polluted lakes. C．The unpolluted rivers. D．The snowy mountains. 4. Which is NOT mentioned about the background of World Environment Day? A．It was started by the United Nations General Assembly. B．There’s a different host city for World Environment Day each year. C．The international fair was held only on June 5th. D．World Environment Day started in 1972. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．World Environment Day is held on July 5th every year. B．There aren’t many activities on World Environment Day. C．World Environment Day will influence public life. D．The important colors for World Environment Day are natural colors. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界环境日人们需要做的事情、背景、象征、举办日期。 1. 细节理解题。根据“The UN World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so public life isn’t affected.”可知，世界环境日不是公共假日，公众的生活不会受影响，说明世界环境日不是为了给人们提供假期，故选C。 2. 词义猜测题。根据“like snowy mountains, clean beaches and unpolluted rivers are used to improve campaigns (活动) supporting the day.”可知，这些都是地球特征的外部表现，故推知feature意为“特征”。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据“These colors are often softer shades of green, brown and blue. Pictures of the earth’s features like snowy mountains, clean beaches and unpolluted rivers are used to improve campaigns (活动) supporting the day.”可知，没有受到污染的像河流，雪山和干净的海滨都可以用作这些活动的主题。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“World Environment Day is celebrated every year on June 5th”可知，世界环境日在每年6月5 号举行，而不是说国际博览会在每年6月5号举行。故选C。 5. 细节理解题。根据“The main colors for this event are natural colors.”可知，世界环境日的重要颜色是自然色。故选D。 Passage 14 （24-25九年级上·河南南阳·期末）Nowadays the pollution of the sea is becoming an increasingly serious problem. How can we reduce the pollution in the sea and make the underwater environment better? Scientists in Norway have created an underwater robot, which can help a lot. The robot is 45 kg in weight and uses special cameras to get 3D images (图像). It can discover different kinds of pollution at the bottom of the sea. It will help clean-up teams find the areas where there is rubbish and then they can spend most of their time and money removing (清除) the most harmful materials. The researchers put their work to the test in a bay (海湾) in the city of Bergen. First, the robot swam up and down two meters above the seabed, collecting information. Then a computer turned the information into a map, which showed different rubbish materials in different colors. Thousands of objects were discovered in the bay, including bottles, metals, plastics, etc. “Bergen is a place where different industries come together, and the city is quite old, so there’s a huge amount of rubbish,” said Trygve Olav Fossum, one of the researchers. “We think the rubbish in the bay weighs 150 tons to 300 tons.” It is not always possible to remove everything. Some things are more harmful, so it’s more important to clear them from the sea. “Glass isn’t really polluting the sea,” said Fossum. “So if you know there’s an area with a lot of glass, you don’t need to worry much about that and you can pay more attention to the things that are putting heavy metals into the environment.” The maps will be used to help the clean-up teams locate (定位) the most harmful materials so that they can remove them first. Thanks to the development of the science and technology, the underwater environment can be improved a lot. As well as helping to deal with pollution, the robot can also show where creatures like starfish are on the seabed. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1. The topic of the passage is about ________. A．health B．nature C．safety D．science and technology 2. What can the robot do? a. take pictures            b. swim underwater           c. make a map               d. remove rubbish         e. discover pollution A．a b c B．a b e C．b c d D．b c e 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Clean-up teams want to recycle the rubbish. B．The underwater pollution attracts much attention. C．There are much different rubbish in different colors. D．People shouldn’t throw harmful materials into the sea. 4. What’s the writer’s purpose of taking glass for example in Paragraph 4? A．To show it isn’t always possible to remove everything. B．To explain how serious the water pollution is in the bay. C．To tell us the most harmful things should be removed first. D．To call on clean-up teams to pay more attention to removing glass. 5. What’s the best title for the text? A．An underwater robot B．The pollution of the sea C．Development of modern science D．Environmental protection in Norway 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了挪威科学家发明的一种水下机器人，这种机器人能探测海底垃圾并帮助清理污染。 1. 主旨大意题。根据文章首段的“Scientists in Norway have created an underwater robot, which can help a lot.”和最后一段的“Thanks to the development of the science and technology, the underwater environment can be improved a lot. ”以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种能够帮助减少海洋污染的水下机器人，即科技对海洋环境的帮助，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“The robot is 45 kg in weight and uses special cameras to get 3D images (图像). It can discover different kinds of pollution at the bottom of the sea.”以及“First, the robot swam up and down two meters above the seabed, collecting information”可知，这款机器人能拍照、游泳以及发现污染。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“Then a computer turned the information into a map, which showed different rubbish materials in different colors. Thousands of objects were discovered in the bay”可知，电脑将机器人收集的信息转换成一张地图，地图上用不同的颜色显示不同的垃圾，机器人在海湾里发现了很多垃圾。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据“‘Glass isn’t really polluting the sea,’ said Fossum. ‘So if you know there’s an area with a lot of glass, you don’t need to worry much about that and you can pay more attention to the things that are putting heavy metals into the environment.’” 可知，玻璃并没有真正污染海洋，如果你知道有一个区域有很多玻璃，你不需要太担心，你要更多地关注那些向环境中释放重金属的东西，即作者谈论玻璃，目的是告诉人们要首先处理最有害的垃圾。故选C。 5. 最佳标题题。根据“As well as helping to deal with pollution, the robot can also show where creatures like starfish are on the seabed.”以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款帮助减少海洋污染的水下机器人，A项“水下机器人”符合最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 15 （25-26九年级上·福建泉州·期末）Have you heard of microplastics (微塑料)? Can we see them in our daily life? Are they good or bad for human beings? Microplastics are very small. According to National Geographic, microplastics are usually less than five millimeters (毫米) in size. But they bring big problems. This small size lets them go everywhere, even in water and air. They don’t break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years. A new study said that by 2040, microplastic pollution could be twice as bad as it is now. Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. They come from many places. For example, about 60 percent of material made into clothes is plastic. Every time when the clothes are washed, they shed microplastics. When water bottles and other big plastic products are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics. These microplastics can be bad for our health and even cause cancer. In August, the Conversation reported that scientists found microplastics in people’s brains for the first time. They may hurt brain cells (细胞) and change how the brain works. Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution. Each year, up to three million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean. Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick. To deal with the problem, scientists think the best way right now is to make and use less plastic. As students, we can reduce plastic things in our daily life, such as using glass or metal cups instead of plastic bottles and cups. 1. The writer starts the text by ________. A．telling stories B．asking questions C．listing numbers D．giving examples 2. What does the underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean in Chinese? A．代替 B．降低 C．改变 D．脱落 3. What can we know about microplastics? A．Microplastics come from the oceans. B．Microplastics are often over five millimeters. C．It is difficult for microplastics to break down. D．Scientists found microplastics helped people’s brains work better. 4. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Microplastics. B．Brain cells. C．Wild animals. D．Plastic bottles. 5. What would be the best title for the text? A．Wild Animals in Danger B．What to Do with Microplastics C．Ways to Reduce Microplastics D．Tiny Pieces of Plastic Bring Big Problems 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了微塑料，包括其产生的原因，危害以及解决方法。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Have you heard of microplastics (微塑料)? Can we see them in our daily life? Are they good or bad for human beings?”可知，作者以问问题开篇。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据“For example, about 60 percent of material made into clothes is plastic.Every time when the clothes are washed, they shed microplastics.”可知，衣服上会脱落微塑料，因此划线单词的意思是“脱落”。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据“They don’t break down easily and can stay in the environment for hundreds of years.”可知，微塑料很难降解。故选C。 4. 词义猜测题。根据“Each year, up to three million tons of microplastics end up in the ocean. Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick.”可知，鱼可能会误吃微塑料而生病，这里代词指代上文提到的微塑料。故选A。 5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，微塑料因被广泛使用和不易降解带来大问题，因此文章的最佳标题是“微小的塑料碎片会带来大问题”。故选D。 23 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$