Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar 课件江苏省盐城市滨海县明升实验初中2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语下册

Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar 1. To master the structure and basic usage of present perfect tense(PPT). （掌握过去式与完成时区别。现在完成时的基本结构、用法。） 2. To learn the rules of forming the past participle of verbs. （学习动词的过去分词变化规则。） 3. To learn some time expressions usually used in PPT. （学习常用在现在完成时里的时间表达方式。） Learning aims 01. PT vs PPT Daniel went to Beijing 2 years ago. past tense 过去发生，过去结束 yesterday last...... .....ago the other day just now -1 0 past now -1 B.(-1,0) C.0 D(0.+∞) 这件事发生在( ) 结束在（ ） A A 1. 丹尼尔两年前去了北京。 Daniel has lived in Beijing for 2 years. Present perfect tense 过去发生，过去到现在到现在为止，甚至以后 already、 just Yet、never、 ever、 recently、before、 Up to now、till now、by now、 so far、 次数、for、since -1 0 past now 1. 丹尼住在北京两年了。 这件事发生在( ) 住了两年是从（ ）开始，到（ ）截止 -1 -1 0 02. PPT的概念 1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present. 表示过去开始持续到现在的动作。 We have been friends since we were at primary school. 我们从小学开始就是朋友 过去是 现在也是 朋友 朋友 “一心一意” 2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present. 表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have just cleaned the room. 我刚刚已经打扫了这个房间 什么时候打扫的? 那么现在房间是什么样的 刚刚（psat) 干净的（clean） 有因必有果 3. We use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an acton has happened till now. 表示直到现在一个动作发生（重复）的次数。 She has been late for school three times up to now. 到现在为止，她已经迟到三次了 “一错再错” 迟到 迟到 迟到 +1 +1 +1 It is the first/second.... time ........从句部分用现在完成时。 It is my first time that l have been to watch the film. “一心一意” 有因必有果 “一错再错” 表示过去开始持续到现在的动作。 表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 表示直到现在一个动作重复的次数。 It is the first/second.... time ...从句部分用现在完成时。 03. PPT的基本结构 We have been friends since we were at primary school. I have just cleaned the room. She has been late for school three times up to now. 现在完成时肯定句的基本结构？ 主语+ have/has + p.p+其它。 过去分词 助动词 （2）否定句： e.g. Mr Chen has ____________ to any other city yet. (pp:moved） not moved 主语+ have/has +not+ p.p+其它。 (3)一般疑问句及回答 ---Have+主语+p.p+其它？ ---Yes, I/you/we/they have. ---No, I/you/we/they haven’t. e.g. ---_______ we ever met him before? 回答： 2.---______ he become very popular recently? 回答： ---Has +主语+p.p+其它？ ---Yes, she/he/it has. ---No, she/he/it hasn’t. Have Has Yes, we have./No, we haven’t Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t 04. PPT的时间状语（标志词） 现在完成时常与already(已经，用于肯定句)、yet (还，用于否定句与疑问句末尾) 、 ever (曾经，常用于疑问句中间) 、never (从未) 、 just (刚刚) 、recently (最近) 、before (以前) 、 so far/up to now (到目前为止) 、 in the past/last few years (在过去的几年里) 、 for+ 一段时间, since +过去时间点/一段时间+ago或一般过去时的句子等连用。 三、常现在完成时连用的时间副词和时间短语 17 17 for & since : (2) since + (1) for + 一段时间 PS： 肯定句主句中的动词必须是长动作（延续性动词）。 过去时间点 一段时间+ago 一般过去时的从句 eg. since last month, since 1990 eg. since five years ago eg. He has lived here since he was born. How long since, for:动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在并且可能延续下去。 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has started______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have died______ several years. 6. We have known each other _______ we met last time. for since for since for since 肯定句主句动词是非延续性的，则不可以和since以及for肯定句连用. (已经，用于 )、 (还，用于 与 ) 、 (曾经，常用于 ) 、 (从未) 、 (刚刚) 、 (最近) 、 (以前) 、 (到目前为止) 、 (在过去的几年里) 、 + 一段时间, since + / / 等连用。 三、常现在完成时连用的时间副词和时间短语 05. 过去分词 现在完成时： 动词过去分词done 大部分动词 + ed finish ed 以e结尾的动词 + d change 以y结尾的动词 把y改为i + ed carry 以重读闭音节结尾的动词 双写最后一个字母 + ed stop d 不规则变化 AAA型 hit-hit-hit AAB型 beat-beat-beaten ABA型 come-came-come ABB型 spend-spent-spent ABC型 do-did-done ied ped 1. borrow _______ 2. hope ______ 3. make ______ 4. get _______ 5. plan ________ 6. cry ____ 7. send _____ 8. watch _______ 9. say ______ 10. grow ______ 11. hit _____ 12. enjoy _______ Mr. Wu wants the students to practise using the present perfect tense. Help them write the past participles of the verbs below. (P 14) A borrowed hoped made got planned cried sent watched said grown hit enjoyed 1. They ____________ (finish) their homework already. 2. John _____ never _______ (visit) China. 3. Mr Li ____________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday. 4. We ____________ (not see) each other for years. 5. My parents _____________ (not come) back yet. 6. Our teacher ___________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China. have finished have not come has taught have not seen has repaired has visited Mr. Wu asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense. Help them complete the sentences. (P 14) B M: _____ you _____ (see) any films recently, Sandy? S: No, I haven’t. What about you? M: I ____ (see) one last Saturday. S: What’s it about? M: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I __________ (learn) more about Beijing’s past and present. S: Oh, I think I __________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again? M: Yes, I’d like to. Have seen saw have learnt have heard Millie and Sandy are talking about a film about the history of Beijing. Complete their conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. (P 14) C 25 25 Thanks $$