Unit 1 Past and Present Grammar 课件 2024-2025学年译林版（2012）八年级英语下册

Unit 1 Past and present Grammar Free talk What do you know about Mr Chen and Sunshine Town? Mr Chen has lived in Sunshine Town since he was born. Mr Chen has moved to a new neighbourhood. He and his wife have lived in this area since 1965. The town has changed a lot over the years. The government has turned part of the town centre into a new park. … We call them the present perfect tense A story about Eddie! past present Eddie was born four years ago. 我们用一般过去时谈论在过去某一时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态. four years ago 1.We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that started in the past and continues to the present.我们用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。 present past past present 4 years Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. Eddie has lived with Millie for four years. 2.We use the present perfect tense to talk about an actionthat happened in the past and has a connection with the present. 我们用现在完成时表示已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。 present past Today, Hobo said to Millie."Eddie has eaten my food." (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.） 3.We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.我们用现在完成时谈论到现在为止一个动作已经发生了多少次。 past present Eddie 吃了很多次Hobo 的食物。 Eddie has eaten Hobo's food many times. She's been married three times. There have been many buildings in my town. I can’t get in the house. I’ve lost my keys. She has lived in Liverpool all her life. How clean! Who has cleaned the room? We have seen the film twice. Match the reasons for using the present perfect tense on the right with the sentences. started in the past and continues to the present happened in the past and has a connection with the present. talk about how many times an action has happened till now The structure of present oerfect tense （1）肯定句： I/We/You/They + have + p.p（过去分词）+其它. He/She/It + has + p.p（过去分词）+其它. Practice: 1. 他们已经完成家庭作业了。 They ______________ (finish) their homework. 2. 他已经完成家庭作业了。 He ______________ (finish) his homework. have finished has finished （2）否定句： e.g. Mr Chen ____________ to any other city yet. ( not move） The snow _____________ yet. ( not melt融化） hasn’t moved I/We/You/They+have not / haven’t +p.p(过去分词）+其它。 He/She/It +has not / hasn’t +p.p(过去分词）+其它。 hasn’t melted （2）否定句： I/We/You/They + have not/haven’t + p.p +其它. He/She/It + has not/hasn’t + p.p +其它. Practice: 1. They _______________________ (not finish) their homework yet(还未). 2. He ________________________ (not finish) his homework yet. have not/haven’t finished has not/hasn’t finished （3）一般疑问句及回答： Have/Has +主语+ p.p. +其他? Have I/you/we/they arrived? Has he/she/it Yes, I/you/we/they have. he/she/it has. No, I/you/we/they haven’t. he/she/it hasn’t. read the book read the book A: Has she …? B: Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t. Let’s practise brush your teeth brushed your teeth A: Have you …? B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Let’s practise （4）特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+ have/has +主语+ p.p +其它？ e.g. The girl has learned English for 6 years. How long has the girl learned English? I have eaten two apples for breakfast. What have you eaten for breakfast? Have a try She has cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句) She ________ cleaned the kitchen. 2. They have visited some interesting places in China. (改为一般疑问句) ______ they _______ ____ interesting places in China? 3. The poor dog has died. (改一般疑问句并作否定回答） ---_________ the poor dog _________? ---No, it __________. 4. They have borrowed ten books from the library. (对划线部分提问) _____ _______ books ______ they _________ from the library? hasn’t Have visited any Has died hasn’t How many have borrowed Regular verbs Irregular verbs Base form Past participle Base form Past participle visit hit repair put live meet move make try sell study give fit write 动词的过去分词 plan think visited repaired lived moved tried studied fitted planned hit put met made sold given written thought Competition 16 16 规则动词的过去分词的构成 大多数的动词的过去分词是规则的，只需在动词后加-ed； work→worked listen→listened jump→jumped visit→visited 2.在以-e结尾的动词后只加-d； close→closed like→liked agree→agreed move→moved 3.在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改 为i再加ed； study→studied carry→carried try→tried worry→worried 4.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾 的辅音字母再加-ed； stop→stopped drop→dropped 不规则动词的过去分词的构成 有些动词的原形和过去分词相同； put→put hurt→hurt become→become run→run 2.改变单词中间元音字母； sit→sat win→won hold→held 3.把单词结尾的字母d改为t； lend→lent spend→spent send→sent 4.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept； keep→kept sleep→slept 5. 过去分词以aught或ought结尾； teach→taught catch →caught buy→bought 6.以ay结尾的动词, 把ay变成aid; 7.在原形词尾加n或en； 还有些动词的过去分词是不规则的，需要特殊记忆。（课本第122-123页） say→said pay→paid give→given eat→eaten 不规则动词过去分词的构成参见P122 原形 过去式 过去分词 cost cost cost read read read meet met met catch caught caught be was/were been fall fell fallen draw drew drawn fly flew flown see saw seen ABB AAA ABC 1. borrow 2. hope 3. make 4. get 5. plan 6. cry 7. send 8. watch 9. say 10. grow 11. hit 12. enjoy borrowed hoped made got planned cried sent watched said grown hit enjoyed A Mr Wu wants the students to practice using the present perfect tense. Help them write the past participles of the verbs below. A short test 现在完成时的时间状语 ◆常与与现在完成时连用的时间状语，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, recently, so far, over the years,up to now等 ◆还与表示一段时间的状语连用，如since…, for many years等. ◆还常和表示次数的时间状语连用，如once, twice, many times 上一页 下一页 主菜单 现在完成时常用的标志词 1. already 与 yet already “已经” ( 用于肯定句中，常放于行为动词之前，其他动词之后) yet 用于否定句中 “还” 用于疑问句中 “已经，还，仍然” yet 是already 的否定词 (放于句末) 1 ）I _____already ____ the film.(我已看过这部电影了) have seen 否：I ________ ______ the film ______. haven’t seen yet 疑：________ you ______ the film ______? Have seen yet No , not _____ . “还” “已经” yet 2) I ____________ (not have) lunch yet. haven’t had 2. ever 与 never ever 曾经 主要用于疑问句 (放句中) never 从不 主要用于否定句 (放句中) -- ____ you ever _____(eat) Beijing Duck?--No, ______. Have eaten never 2) He _____ never _____ (read) the story. has read 3. just 与 recently just 刚才 用于肯定句中 (放句中) recently 用于各种句式中 (放句末) 不久前，最近 1) I ______ just _______ (see) him. have seen 2) She ________ _______ (not see ) them recently. hasn’t seen 3) ______ you ______ (use) it recently? Have used 4) She _______ ______ (be) busy recently. has been 3) She’s never seen the film, ____ ____ ? has she 4. since 和 for + 一段时间 常用现在完成时 since + 短语 = for + 一段时间 句子 (用一般过去时) for + 一段时间 1) 常用现在完成时 2) 动词必须可以延续 3) 用How long 提问 1) I ______ (begin) to work here in 2000 began = I _____________ here since 2000. have worked 2) They __________ (not meet ) each other for years. haven’t met Since 短语和for +一段时间都用how long 提问 4) I have lived here since I was born.(划线提问) _____ _____ _____ you ______ here? How long have lived 3) She _______(feel) lonely since she ______(move) here. has felt moved 选用 for和 since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6. It’s five years _______ we met last time. for since for since for since 下一页 5. 次数(twice/ three times/ ….) 和before(以前)单独放句末常用现在完成时 1) He_________ (see) the film twice. has seen _____ _____ _____ ____ he seen the film? How many times has 2) ______ you ______ (be) to Beijing before? Have been 6. over the (past/last) years 在(过去的)这几年间 e.g. Great changes __________ (take) place over the past ten years. have taken 7. so far , up to now, until/till now 到目前为止 e. g. We ____________ (learn) many English songs so far. have learned   句式   位置   already 陈述句 have/has后，句末   ever 疑问句 主语后 just 陈述句 have/has后 never 否定陈述句 have/has后 yet 否定陈述句 疑问句 句末 recently 肯/否定陈述句,疑问句 句末 A short test B Mr Wu asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense. Help them complete the sentences. 1. They _____________ (finish) their homework already. 2. John _____ never ________ (visit) China. 3. Mr. Li _____________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday. 4. We _____________ (not see) each other for years. 5. My parents ______________ (not come) back yet. 6. Our teacher ___________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China. have finished has visited has repaired haven’t seen haven’t come has taught Part C (p14) Millie: (1) ______ you ______ (see) any films recently, Sandy? Sandy: No, I haven’t. What about you? Millie: I (2) ________ (see) one last Saturday. Sandy: What’s it about? Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From the film, I (3) _____________ (learn) more about Beijing’s past and present. Sandy: Oh, I think I (4) __________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again . Millie: Yes, I’d like to. Have seen saw have learnt have heard Exercises 1. I ___________ (study) in America for over three years. 2. The young man __________ (live) alone since he graduated from college. 3. This is the best film that I __________ (see) so far. 4. —Hello. Can I speak to Miss Brown? —Sorry, she __________ (fly) to Canada already. She'll be back in a week. 5. In the past two weeks, the artist __________ (draw) many pictures about his hometown. 6. I ___________ (know) Jimmy for over two days and now we are good friends. have studied has lived have seen has flown has drawn have known 7. —Why are the windows so dirty? —Because we _____________ (not clean) them for a very long time. 8. He _____________ (not finish) the homework yet. 9. My family __________ (live) in Nanjing since 1996. 10. They ________ already _________ (decide) to go to Kunming for the holiday. 11. The girl ________________ (learn) English for about two years. 12. _____ Tom ________ (write) letters to you recently? haven’t cleaned hasn’t finished have lived have decided has learned/learnt Has written 动 词 填 空： 1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago. 2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. How many times _____you______(be) there? Have cleaned have done did do did Has seen did see saw have been 下一页 上一页 4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting. 5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. How ______ she _______(go) there? She _______(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _______________(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr chen __________(give) up smoking since last year. 9. He _______ (teach) us English for two weeks last year. 10. He _______ (teach) us English for two years. have read has gone did go went have developed gave has given 下一页 上一页 taught has taught 1. She has already cleaned the kitchen. (改为否定句) →She __________ cleaned the kitchen ___________. 2. They have visited some interesting places in China. (改为一般疑问句) →___________ they _____________ ___________ interesting places in China? 3. The poor dog has died.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） →_________the poor dog _________? -No, it __________. 4. They have borrowed ten books from the library. (对划线部分提问) →_________ _________books __________ they _________ from the library? 5. Have you ever been to the Great Wall?(改为否定句) I ________ ________ been to the Great Wall. 6. They have studied here since they moved to the city. (对划线部分提问) ___________ ___________ _________ they _________ here? hasn’t yet Have visited any Has died hasn’t How many have borrowed have never How long have studied 1.Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she _________ the film. A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen 2.--Your shoes are so old. Why don’t you buy a new pair? --Because I ______ all my money on an MP5. spend B. have spentC. will spend D. was spending 3.— When can I see the doctor, madam? — Let me see. Sorry, you ____________ your turn, so you’ll have to wait again. are missing B. have missed C. will miss D. missed   4.—Mike, why are you watching TV again? — I my homework. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished 5. —Do you know the Englishman? —Yes. I _____________ him for two years. A. get to know B. have known C. knew D. got to know 6. —Where is Tom? We can’t find him anywhere. — Perhaps he _____ home. A. has come B. is going C. went D. was going 7. --- Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina? ---- Because I it twice. A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see 8. —China develops so fast. —That’s true. It ______ a lot already. A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed 9. —Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Nanjing? —No, they ____ to Shanghai. A. had moved B. moved C. will move D. have moved 10.— _____ you _____ the movie Gongfu Panda II ? — Not yet. I'll see it this Sunday. A. Did, see B. Do, see C. Have, seen D. Will see 11.— How do you like your English teacher? — He is great. We friends since three years ago. A. were B. have made C. have been D. have become 12. Though he ____ the book three times, he hopes to read it again. A. read B. reads C. has read D. will read Homework Review the present perfect tense. Remember the past participles of the irregular verbs on P13. $$