专题06. 形容词和副词-2025年新高考英语语法知识通关必备及母题对点精练

2025年新高考英语语法知识通关必备母题对点精练 专题06. 形容词和副词 核心考点思维导图 核心考点讲练 核心考点1. 形容词的概念、语法功能及其他词变形容词 · 形容词用于修饰限定名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。 · 形容词在句子中主要有以下几种句法功能‌： 作‌定语‌：形容词作定语时，用于修饰名词或代词:This is a beautiful park. 作‌表语‌：当动词为系动词（如be, become, feel等）时，形容词用作表语，位于系动词之后:This computer is very expensive. 作‌状语‌：形容词或形容词短语作状语时，主要用于表示原因、伴随或方式:Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 作‌宾语补足语‌：形容词用作宾语补足语时，用于描述宾语的状态或特征:You must keep your eyes closed. · 其他词转化为形容词 (1)名词转换为形容词的规则 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，wind→windy，salt→salty 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted，talent→talented，experience→experienced，detail→detailed，age→aged 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，remark→remarkable，fashion→fashionable，reason→reasonable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→humorous 词尾变-ce为-t absence→absent，confidence→confident，difference→different，elegance→elegant，persistence→persistent，significance→significant 词尾(去e)加-al music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional，profession→professional 词尾去-e加-al或-ial agriculture→agricultural，culture→cultural，globe→global，universe→universal，virtue→virtual，commerce→commercial，finance→financial 词尾加-ly friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden，wool→woolen 词尾去-e或-y加-etic/-ic athlete→athletic，energy→energetic，scene→scenic，economy→economic，history→historic 其他常见变化 habit→habitual，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific，medicine→medical，day→daily，influence→influential，south→southern 注意　以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。 (2)动词转换为形容词的规则 类别 例词 词前加-a live→alive，wake→awake，sleep→asleep 词尾加-ed/-d excite→excited，educate→educated，relax→relaxed，challenge→challenged，crowd→crowded，balance→balanced 词尾(去e)加-ing surprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting 词尾(去e)加-able accept→acceptable，respect→respectable，enjoy→enjoyable，adjust→adjustable，afford→affordable，bear→bearable，suit→suitable，recognize→recognizable 词尾(去e)加-ive/-ative/-itive act→active，attract→attractive，compare→comparative，compete→competitive，create→creative，impress→impressive，relate→relative，select→selective 注意　以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。‌ 对点精练 1. (2024年全国Ⅰ卷) The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective__________ (function) structure that is also beautiful. 2. (2023年全国甲卷)__________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 3. (2023年全国乙卷)The__________(remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 4. (2023年全国Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, __________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 5. (2023年全国Ⅱ卷) I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and __________ (confidence) speaking English. 6. (2022年全国甲卷·66) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more __________ (meaning). 7. (2021年全国甲卷·70) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their __________ (day) routines. 8. (2021年全国乙卷·61&62) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________(educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions.... 9. (2021年全国乙卷·68) Provide __________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 10. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·69) The __________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. 11. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·70) But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s ____________ (wonder). 12. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·67&68) They also shared with us many ___________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ________ (huge) popular with tourists. 13. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·69) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always ___________(energy). 14. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·67) According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _______ (globe) fertilizer consumption. 答案速对 1. functional 2. Different 3. remarkable 4. tasty 5. confident 6. meaningful 7. daily 8. educated 9. financial 10. beautiful 11. wonderful 12. traditional hugely 13. energetic 14. global 核心考点2. 副词的概念、句法功能及形容词转化为副词规则 · 副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、另一副词或整个句子，副词有时也可以修饰介词短语，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等的词。 · 副词在句子中主要有以下几种句法功能‌：‌ ‌作状语‌：副词可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子：He writes carefully. ‌作表语‌：副词可以表示主语的方位、方向或动作状态：The meeting is over. ‌作定语‌：表示时间或地点的副词可以用作定语，通常放在它们所修饰的名词后面：The book below is mine. · 形容词变副词规则 类　别 例　词 一般直接加­ly undoubted→undoubtedly毋庸置疑地 extreme→extremely极其地 regular→regularly有规律地 以辅音字母＋y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加­ly happy→happily 高兴地 easy→ easily容易地 特例：shy→shyly害羞地(直接加ly) 词尾为ble/le的形容词，去掉e，再加­y terrible→terribly 可怕地；极度地 gentle→ gently 轻轻地 特例：whole—wholly完全地；整体地 词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加­ly true→ truly 　真实地 词尾为l的形容词，加-ly; 词尾为ll的形容词，直接加­y real→ really 真实地 official→ officially正式地 full→ fully 充分地；完全地 dull→dully 迟钝地；单调地 词尾为­ic的形容词，加­ally basic→basically 主要地，基本上 scientific→ scientifically科学地 specific →specifically 特定地 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2023年全国Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is __________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time. 2. (2023年全国Ⅱ卷) So, what are they learning? __________ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 3. (2022年全国新高考Ⅰ卷·63) The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and__________(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 4. (2021年全国新高考Ⅰ卷·58)It will__________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 5. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·62)Landing on the moon's far side is ___________ (extreme) challenging. 6. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·66) ___________(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. 7. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·68) As the small boat moved _______ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. 8. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·62) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _______ (poor) studied. 9. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·63) Her years of hard work have ________ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 10. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·63) A taste for meat is ________(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. 答案速对 1. rarely 2. Basically 3. eventually 4.undoubtedly 5. extremely 6.Certainly 7. gently 8. poorly 9. finally 10. actually 核心考点3. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 · 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的变化规则 1. 规则变化 构成 例词 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词后面直接加­er，­est long longer longest great greater greatest hard harder hardest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加­r和­st fine finer finest large larger largest 重读辅元辅结尾，先双写词尾的辅音字母后再加­er和­est fat fatter fattest thin thinner thinnest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加­er和­est easy easier easiest happy happier happiest early earlier earliest 多音节(>或=三个音节)和部分双音节的形容词或副词都在前面加more和most careful more careful most careful popular more popular most popular efficiently more efficiently more efficiently interesting more interesting most interesting concerned more concerned most concerned 2．不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther更远的/地（具体概念） farthest 最远的/地 further更进一步的/地★(抽象概念) furthest在最大程度上/地 old older/elder(年长的) oldest/eldest 注意：下列表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级，如：favourite；perfect；excellent；wrong；right；unique；extreme等。 · 比较等级的判断方法 1. 前有so/too/very/quite修饰一般用形容词原级，在比较结构(not) as/so...as..中用形容词、副词原级； 2. 有修饰词much/even/far/a little/a bit等修饰，句中有than或固定结构the+比较级...,the+比较级...中常用比较级； 3. 三者或以上的比较，常有in/of/among引出比较范围常用最高级； 4. 没有比较等级提示词的有语境暗示确定比较等级。 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2024年全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the __________(large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, .... 2. (2022年全国甲卷·67)In the last five cars, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s__________(high ) mountain. 3. (2022年全国乙卷·64)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the __________（large）tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 4. (2021年全国甲卷·65)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what __________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history! 5. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·62) One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. 6. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·68) Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________(high) than they actually are. 7. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·61) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _______ (long) than non-runners. 8. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·63) He screams the _______ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. 9. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·66) Even _______(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 10. (2016全国Ⅲ卷·61) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance. 答案速对 1. largest 2. highest 3. largest 4. better 5. finest 6. higher 7. longer 8. loudest 9. worse 10. greater 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$