专题14 阅读理解记叙文及新闻报道类（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考阅读理解记叙文及新闻报道类专题，系统整合细节理解、推理判断、词义推断、主旨大意四大核心考点，按命题透视、思维建模、考点精讲、真题溯源逻辑架构知识体系，通过考情分析、方法指导（如细节题“顺藤摸瓜”定位法）、真题训练（上海模考及高考题示例）等环节，帮助学生突破定位不准、过度推断等难点，体现复习教学的系统性与针对性。 讲义创新采用“思维建模”构建解题框架，融合语言能力（长难句解读、同义替换识别）与思维品质（逻辑思辨、事实与情感区分），如推理题“左顾右盼”上下文分析法、词义推断题依托因果/转折逻辑破解熟词僻义，配合分层真题训练即时反馈，能在有限时间内提升学生解题精准度，为教师把控复习节奏、预判考向提供有力支撑。

专题14 阅读理解记叙文及新闻报道类 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 阅读理解记叙文类（或新闻报道类） 知识解构 知识点1 细节理解题 知识点2 推理判断题 知识点3 词义推断题 知识点2 主旨大意题 考向破译 考向 01 考查细节理解题 考向02 考查推理判断题 考向 03 考查词义推断题 考向04 考查主旨大意题 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 维度 命题考情解析 体裁界定 记叙文：人物故事、个人经历、哲理逸闻、夹叙夹议叙事文本；新闻报道：事件通讯、社会热点、人物专访、新闻纪实；上海高考 / 模考常把二者融合，形成新闻记叙混合语篇。 文本选材特征 1. 主题贴近高中生认知：成长感悟、人性温情、社会现实、普通人事迹、人与自然；2. 文本语言：叙事语言生动，夹杂议论抒情；新闻多包含导语、引语、事实数据；3. 篇幅：上海高考阅读 A 篇为主，350550 词，句式兼顾简单句、长难复合句；传递共情、渗透学科核心素养。 高频考点分布 1. 细节事实题（顺藤摸瓜）：占比最高，考查 5W1H，人物行为、事件起因、过程结果；新闻重点考查导语、直接引语信息；2. 推理判断题（左顾右盼）：中档区分度，推断人物心理、动机、言外之意；新闻推断事件影响、作者隐含立场；3. 词义句意推测题（拨云见日）：熟词僻义、代词指代、比喻表达、含蓄对话句子；依托上下文逻辑（转折、因果、例证）解题，拒绝单词本义陷阱；4. 主旨大意 / 写作意图题（刨根问底）：记叙文抓人物转变与故事寓意；新闻抓导语核心事件；区分引子、局部细节和全文主旨；标题题要求概括全面，范围适中。 命题干扰项套路 1. 细节题：偷换概念、因果倒置、扩大 / 缩小范围、答非所问、张冠李戴；2. 推断题：原文直接事实当作推断结果、无中生有、过度脑补、绝对化表述；3. 词义猜测题：给出单词最常见本义作为强干扰；脱离语境只看字面翻译；4. 主旨题：把开篇引子、局部段落大意、次要事例当成全文主旨；标题范围过大或过于狭隘。 命题素养导向 1. 语言能力：长难句解读、同义替换识别、碎片化信息定位整合；2. 思维品质：区分客观事实与主观情感，读懂言外之意，逻辑思辨；3. 文化意识：理解中外故事、新闻背后人文、社会价值；4. 学习能力：依托文本信息解题，拒绝依赖课外常识主观答题，全部答案在原文找依据。 上海模考 & 高考命题新趋势 1. 体裁边界模糊：大量出现新闻 + 记叙混合文本，既有新闻客观事实，又有人物叙事与情感；2. 设问不再简单定位原句，更多考查同义改写、信息跨段落整合；3. 推理题侧重人物复杂矛盾情感，不再是单一好坏情绪；4. 主旨题侧重挖掘故事背后的人文启示，不只概括故事情节；5. 词义句意题增多比喻、喻义短语，弱化单纯生词考查，侧重语境理解。 学生典型失分点 1. 细节题：凭印象做题，不回文定位，混淆 “起因” 与 “过程”；2. 推断题：把文中直接陈述的事实选作推断答案，主观脑补故事；3. 词义猜测：只记单词本义，忽略叙事 / 新闻语境下熟词僻义；4. 主旨题：被开篇事例、局部细节迷惑，误将分信息当作全文中心。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 思维建模 把握文章结构；理解故事脉络 · 命题类型 · 细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体事实和细节的理解能力。 · 词义猜测题：要求学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。 · 主旨大意题：考查学生对文章中心思想或主要观点的把握。 · 推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力。 · 作者意图题：考查学生对作者写作目的和态度的理解。 · 解题思路 · 顺藤摸瓜：按照文章脉络和故事发展顺序，一题一题地解答细节题，不漏掉任何细节。 · 左顾右盼：在做题过程中，如果找不到与题干一字不差的词语或句子，需要通过上下文语境进行同义替换，找到正确答案。 · 把握文章结构：记叙文一般可以分为事实记叙和想象记叙，注意文章的基本结构，如5W要素（what, who, when, where, why），这有助于理解文章和回答问题。 · 理解故事脉络：弄明白整件事情的发展脉络，这对于解答细节题和推理判断题至关重要。 · 把握寓意：对于哲理故事或逸闻趣事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义或风趣性，这有助于解答主旨大意题和作者意图题。 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 阅读理解记叙文或新闻报道类 知●识●解●构 知识点1 细节事实题---------顺藤摸瓜 细节事实题是记叙文、新闻报道中占比最高的基础题型，新闻讲究客观事实陈述，记叙文交代时间、地点、人物、起因经过结果，为该类题目提供丰富命题素材。所谓 “顺藤摸瓜”，即以题干关键词为 “藤”，回文定位原文对应信息这根线索，比对选项与原文表述，甄别同义替换、偷换概念、扩大缩小范围三类干扰项。新闻文本要格外关注导语、数据、引语；记叙文留意人物行为、事件时间节点。该题型不要求深度解读，重在精准定位信息，切忌凭主观印象作答。选项往往不会照搬原文原句，多采用同义改写，做题要做到 “题干定方向，原文找依据，选项做比对”，每一个正确选项都可以在文中找到确凿的事实支撑。 考点能力：定位原文 5W1H 信息，识别同义改写；答案必须源自文本，拒绝主观脑补； 常见陷阱：偷换概念、因果倒置、扩大 / 缩小范围、答非所问。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年闵行区二模） As a kid, my identity was wrapped up in sports. I spent countless hours practicing basketball in my driveway. Yet for three straight years, I got cut from the middle school basketball team. Soccer seemed more promising. I’d played for nearly a decade, but when high school tryouts came, I still failed to make the team. Determined not to give up on sports, I turned to diving. At first, I was terrible. I could barely touch my toes without bending my knees, and I was afraid of heights. Still, I kept practicing. I often stayed at the pool until dark, leaving only when my coach forced me out. I believed that greatness was built through daily effort. Eventually, my persistence paid off. By my senior year, I had become an All-American diver and qualified for the Junior Olympic Nationals. Diving soon became more than just an activity — it became my identity. 36. Which one is true of the author’s experience with sports during his childhood? A. He spent much time practicing and refused to join school teams. B. He devoted himself to different sports but was unable to organize a team. C. He engaged in some sports yet failed to secure a place in school teams. D. He mainly focused on basketball before turning to diving. 【示例2】（2025~2026学年金山区二模） Roberto Beltrami grew up just a few hours’ drive from Murano of Italy, world-famous for producing beautiful glassware. But it was in Boston that he first came across the art of glassblowing. It was 2011, and Beltrami, then a physics student at Boston University, was fascinated by an exhibition of the work of American artist Dale Chihuly, known for pushing back the boundaries of contemporary glassblowing. What first aroused Beltrami’s interest in glassblowing? A childhood visit to Murano. An exhibition on glass artworks. An art course at Boston University. A physical experiment about glassblowing. 【示例3】（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it. Austin first tried to paddle a kayak (皮划艇), but it took on too much water in the bad weather, so he had to abandon it. About two hours later, he took off his life jacket. “I was depleted, but I could hardly feel the tiredness,” he said. “I just kept on swimming — doing breaststroke, freestyle, and even survival backstroke.” After swimming 4 km to shore in the fading light, the teenager ran another 2 km to his family’s hotel. At about 6 p.m., he used his mother’s phone to call for help. “I told them, ‘I need helicopters. I need planes. I need boats. My family’s out at sea.’ I was very calm about it. I think it was just a lot of shock,” he recalled. Right after the call, he fainted from exhaustion and was taken to hospital. His family were later found floating about 14 km offshore and rescued. 36. Why did Austin set out for help by himself? A. His family were trapped far from the shore. B. The kayak his family used was sinking fast. C. A strong storm separated him from his parents. D. He tried to prove he was the strongest swimmer. 知识点2 推理推断题------左顾右盼 推理推断题是区分阅读理解能力的中档难题，“左顾右盼” 寓意解题不能只盯住某一句话，要兼顾局部信息与上下文语境。记叙文侧重推断人物心理、动机、性格；新闻报道侧重推断事件背后的态度、潜在影响、作者隐含立场。切记：推断不等于主观猜想，答案必须立足文本已有信息，不可脱离文本过度脑补。解题时，既要 “顾” 题干定位的原句，又要 “盼” 前后句、段落逻辑。干扰项常设置为原文直接陈述的事实（并非推断）、无中生有、夸大情感态度。新闻要区分 “受访者观点” 和 “作者态度”；记叙文要透过人物的语言、动作细节挖掘言外之意，做到有据可依，言必有据。 考点能力：正确选项不能是原文直接抄写的陈述句；立足文本线索，推断人物心理、潜在影响、言外之意；兼顾上下文，拒绝断章取义；警惕无中生有、过度解读。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年闵行区二模） However, when I entered college, the sport I loved became something I started to fear. At that level, I could no longer beat more talented divers by working harder. Yet I kept pushing myself, partly because of one troubling question: If I’m not a diver, who am I? A. he realized he feared the sport he loved B. he could no longer beat more talented divers C. his coach encouraged him to train harder than others D. he was unwilling to question the identity he had formed 【示例2】（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Today, what I value most in my job is the transformation I see in the students who arrive nervous but leave confident enough to challenge me, their professor. Every time I walk into the classroom, I see a younger version of myself, and remember the bridge I had to cross to get where I am today. For me, helping others cross that bridge is the true reward of scientific life. 39. What moral does the author want to convey through the story? A. Language barriers are the biggest challenge in scientific research. B. Returning to one’s homeland is the fundamental goal for scientists. C. A scientist’s true reward lies in building the next generation’s confidence. D. Hard work and determination are essential for a successful scientific career. 【示例3】（2025~2026学年静安区二模） Time, over a long train journey, becomes somewhat flexible. The effect in that environment — always fixed, always moving — can become something like a sustained coincidence. You’re searching for a familiar sweater in your compartment when you glance out the window to find a distant temple with a round dome. You order your usual drink at a bar as blue lightning flashes across the grassland. ________. 37. Which of the following, if inserted into the blank, would best illustrate the idea of “a sustained coincidence” described in the passage? A. Lying on a bed reading, you look up to see eight camels marching over a sand hill. B. Checking the dining car menu, you find your preferred sandwich is sold out. C. Asking an attendant for a blanket, you’re told they’re first-class only. D. Stretching your legs in the corridor, you see the train pull into an unfamiliar station. 知识点3 词义句意推测题———拨云见日 词义句意推测题，即 “拨云见日”，拨开词汇、句子表层迷雾，看透语境下真实含义，在记叙文、新闻报道中高频出现。记叙文常考查人物对话中的含蓄表达；新闻报道会考查专业名词、比喻修辞、指代代词。解题不能只依赖单词本身本义，要依托上下文逻辑：利用转折、因果、举例、对比等句间关系，借助前后的解释、例证、同义 / 反义表达破解词义。要警惕 “熟词本义” 的陷阱，命题人常常设置单词最常见释义作为强干扰项。代词类推测需要厘清指代对象；句意猜测要打通整段逻辑，剥离字面含义，捕捉文本在叙事或新闻报道场景下的引申义，透过语言表象读懂背后的叙事意图与新闻内涵。 考点能力：依托上下文因果、转折、举例、解释线索；避开单词最常见本义陷阱；考查熟词僻义、短语、整句深层含义。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年长宁区二模） “They can’t say how they’re feeling and they can be quite good at masking how they’re feeling.” said Marianne Paisley, who studies ape wellbeing at the University of Sussex. The temperature of an ape’s face could help people understand how they are feeling and how to make them feel better too. For example, the team has found that showing adult apes a video of baby apes calmed them down. When the adult animals watched the video on a screen, their noses slowly warmed up. 37. The underlined word “masking” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “________”. A. strengthening B. expressing C. hiding D. controlling 【示例2】（2025~2026学年松江区二模） My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. 38. The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A. I figured out how to show up on the running track B. running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C. I discovered how to take control of my life through running D. running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 【示例3】（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） When the team combined their findings with existing measurements of the Greenland ice sheet, they found the total annual loss of ice since 2003 reached about 264bn tonnes — roughly 30m tonnes every hour. The new data show an increase of 43bn tonnes a year compared with earlier estimates, or about 20% more than previously thought. The implications, scientists warn, are alarming. 38. The underlined word “implications” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ______. A. the new measurements of the Greenland ice sheet B. the consequences of faster Greenland ice loss C. the methods used to analyze satellite data D. the warnings from scientists about climate change 知识点4 主旨大意或写作意图推断——刨根问底 主旨大意题谓之 “刨根问底”，要求穿透纷繁的细节事例，挖掘记叙文、新闻报道的内核主旨。新闻报道主旨往往藏于导语（首段），开门见山交代核心事件；记叙文则需要串联情节线索、人物成长变化，提炼故事背后的情感、道理与价值。做题切忌把局部细节当成全文主旨。“刨根”，即剥离事例、数据、引语等支撑性细节；“问底”，即抓住文章写作目的、核心话题。干扰项多为局部段落大意、次要人物或次要事件。记叙文关注人物的转变、故事传递的感悟；新闻关注事件的社会意义。选择标题类主旨题，要做到既能概括全文核心，又简洁凝练，既不能范围过大漫无边际，也不能范围狭隘以偏概全。 考点能力：剥离引子、局部细节干扰；记叙文抓人物成长转变、思想感悟；书评 / 新闻抓导语核心；标题题做到概括全文，范围大小适中； 高频陷阱：把段落局部当成全文主旨。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年松江区二模） During those runs, I began to understand something. Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. You are both the president and the citizen of your body. The part of you that wants to quit, to go home, to collapse on the sofa, is the tired citizen. The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. 36. What is the best title for this passage? A. Silencing the 100 Voices B. From Mailboxes to Marathons C. Running as the President of Your Own Life D. The Restorative Power of a Doctor’s Advice 【示例2】（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） An Australian 13-year-old boy swam 4 km to shore and then ran another 2 km to get help for his family, who were stranded at sea. Austin Appelbee was called “superhuman” for what he did. Experts say his extraordinary effort went beyond what people typically consider possible. Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it. 39. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A 13-year-old Boy’s Heroic Rescue B. The Science behind Human Limits C. A Family’s Unexpected Adventure D. The Value of Swimming Training 【示例3】（2025~2026学年虹口区二模） 39. What message does the author want to convey through the passage? A. People with disabilities can understand others better than most adults do. B. Frequent phone calls are the best way to keep relationships strong. C. Role-play helps strengthen family bonds across generations. D. A simple act of love can provide steady comfort in life. 考●向●破●译 考向1 事实细节题 【考向破译】 在做直接事实题时，要抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。做间接事实题时，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。数据推算题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 · 精准定位：仔细阅读题目，确定关键词（如人名、地名、时间、事件等），然后在新闻报道中快速定位包含这些关键词的句子或段落。 · 比对信息：将选项与定位到的原文内容逐字比对。注意选项中的细节表述与原文是否完全一致，包括数字、范围、程度等。 【上海市华师大二附中2024-2025学年高三上学期期中】 When I was a little boy in Brazil, I became fascinated with history, read The Lost World, the Arthur Conan Doyle book that inspired Jurassic Park, and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist like Indiana Jones. I wanted to travel the world to search for hidden treasures, buried for centuries. When I read about the Terracotta Warriors in Xi’an, they carved out a special place in my imaginary future. I was amazed at how something so magnificent could be hidden from plain view for so long. Back then I had no idea that China was the furthest place on earth from my birth-place and I could definitely not imagine living there when I grew up. But here I am. And after almost three years of working in Beijing, I finally found the opportunity to visit the site I had imagined for so long. …….. 1．Which of the following statements is proper to describe the author when he was little? A．He was interested in people and objects in ancient societies. B．He was good at mathematics and dreamed of being an architect. C．He liked carving sculptures out of stones and jade. D．He was obsessed with reading novels and aspired to be a sci-fi writer. 2．Which of the following statements is true? A．It’s easy for the writer to travel to China and many of his relatives live there. B．Xi’an is such a city as boasts both cultural heritages and modern facilities. C．Foreigners tend to find difficulty in traveling in Xi’an with little English signs to instruct them. D．The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda overlooks mostly modern buildings. 【上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题】 A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. ......... To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 1．According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A．His father’s old age and poor health. B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C．His dream of traveling with his father again. D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 4．What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A．It was never too late to accompany his father. B．He and his father changed with time passing by. C．Everything changes with time except the mountains. D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. 考向2 推理判断题 【考向破译】 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。 区间定位是快速定位的重要手段之一，使用区间定位能够帮助学生在没有完全读懂原文的情况下尽可能答对较多的题。 · 抓住关键信息进行推理：善于捕捉文章中的关键词或短语，利用这些信息进行分析、推理和判断，从而推断出隐含的深层含义。 · 结合语境和常识：利用文章的语境和已知常识进行逻辑推理，如通过语境的褒贬性来推断人物心理、作者意图等。 · 区分观点与事实：明确文章中哪些是作者的观点、态度，哪些是客观事实，避免将作者的观点误认为事实。 【上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题】 ……… It was about this time that Daddy built him a go-cart and I had to pull him around. The moment I picked up my cap, he started crying to go with me and Mama would call from wherever she was, “Take Doodle with you”. He was a burden in many ways. The doctor had said that he mustn’t get too excited, too hot, too cold, or too tired and that he must always be treated gently—a long list of don’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had to wear a big straw hat whenever he went out. When the going got rough and he had to climb to the sides of the go-cart, the hat slipped all the way down over his ears. He was a sight. Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did. I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp. His eyes were round with wonder as he gazed, and his little hands began to stroke the rubber grass. Then he began to cry. “For heaven’s sake, what’s the matter?” I asked, annoyed. “It’s so pretty,” he said. “So pretty, pretty, pretty.” 15．By “I could see I was licked (paragraph 3)”, the narrator implies that ________? A．He was aware that he was licked by Doodle. B．He was excited that he could see Doodle’s progress. C．He wanted to change Doodle’s name again. D．He realized Doodle would always be a part of his life. 16．What can you infer from the passage about the narrator’s feelings towards Doodle? A．He deeply disliked Doodle for the attention he receives. B．He felt a mix of annoyance and affection for Doodle. C．He was completely indifferent to what Doodle was doing. D．He was surprised at Doodle’s ability to crawl. 【上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题】 In rural South Africa, 16 teams of women, all of us over 50 years old, participated in this inaugural (开幕的) event — the Grannies International Football Tournament. It was 13 years in the making, built on dreams and a friendship that crosses continents. The organizer, Beka Ntsanwisi — a well-known community activist and cancer survivor — founded the original team of soccer-playing grandmothers aged 40 to 80, some 15 years ago, to improve their health. At first the locals laughed at them and told them they belonged at home caring for their grandchildren. But a team doctor recorded results from their regular exercise: improved mobility, lowered blood pressure and better digestion. In 2010, the international spotlight landed the team an invitation to travel and play in a tournament in Massachusetts — from yours truly. Like the Grannies, I found soccer later in life and my Lexington, Massachusetts teammates are among my best friends. Beka replied to my invitation without hesitation: “We will come, my sister.” In July 2010, 15 Grannies streamed through the Boston airport. They wowed (博得称赞) us with their dancing on the sidelines of the field and their enthusiasm for life. And during that visit, Beka announced, “Before I die, I want to host a Grannies World Cup.” In March, 2023, Beka’s 13-year wish to host a Grannies international tournament was finally and joyfully met. The tournament, held in the town of Nkowankowa, was intense as France, Zambia, three South African teams, and all three U. S. teams entered the quarterfinals on the fourth and final day. My team would settle for second place, but the U. S. Breakers, also from Massachusetts, held the 3-foot-tall trophy (奖杯) in the air. The goalie (守门员) presented the trophy to Beka and the host Grannies team, without whom this event would never have taken place. We know Beka is the true champion. For me, the Grannies tournament was an extraordinary gift, an experience I will never forget. For all of us, we hold on to our memories of bonding with, our soccer sisters. 1．What can be implied from paragraph 1? A．It took long to make the tournament a reality. B．The tournament aims to help grannies make friends. C．These women’s teams consist of professional football players. D．The tournament caused a stir in the international football community. 2．What can we learn about the original team founded by Beka? A．It was 13 years in the making. B．It received support from the locals. C．It promoted the wellbeing of its members. D．It consisted of middle aged women players. 考向3 词义、句意猜测题 【考向破译】 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。 词义推断题有时候可以同时运用构词法、语境和代入法，短语的语义高度依赖上下文内容和逻辑。 · 利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。 · 借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义，如通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断。 · 注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义；同时注意词与词之间的搭配习惯。 【上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷】 This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. …….. 25．The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A．the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B．the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C．the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D．the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷】 The first and only fungus (真菌) on a global conservation group’s’ “25 Most Wanted List”, the big puma fungus, which is actually quite small, has been found in the rainy mountains of Chile, almost 40 years after it was first documented. The mysterious species of fungi that lives underground in Chile’s Nahuelbuta Mountains had only ever been found in the wild once. An expedition team from the Fungi Foundation in Chile set out for the temperate forests of the Nahuelbutas in May 2023 to retrace the footsteps of Chilean mycologist (真菌学家) Norberto Garrido, who discovered the big puma fungus and described it to Western science in 1988. They timed the expedition to coincide with the exact dates in May that Garrido had hiked the mountains more than 40 years earlier. “It’s possible that the reproductive parts of the big puma fungus — the mushroom — are only fadingly visible above the soil on the same few days each year, which made the timing of the mission a crucial factor,” said Claudia Bustamante, a mycologist and member of the expedition team. ........ 31．What does the underlined phrase “coincide with” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Put off. B．Correspond to. C．Work out. D．Deal with. 考向4 主旨大意或写作意图推断题 【考向破译】 写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, in order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to inform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(title, headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。 做写作意图题有两种方法：一是主旨推断法：根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图。二是文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。 【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷 ……… But burning fossil fuels to visit threatened environments definitely feels ironic. As a travel writer, I’m constantly wrestling with questions such as: Should we be travelling to endangered landscapes at all? Can it even be done sustainably? What is at stake if we don’t travel? As the saying goes: “Tourism is like a fire. You can either cook your food with it, or burn your house down.” If I’m being honest, at least part of my motivation to go to these places is to see them now as they are now — before they’re irreversibly changed or gone. I’m not alone in this. Once a postdoc and research scientist at the University of Michigan, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everything from flowers to glaciers along the way. Record keeping. “This is here now and I’m here now,” he says. “I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.” 24．The best title for the passage is ________. A．Last-Chance Tourism B．A Sustainable Expedition C．Escaping to Endangered Places D．Risky Adventures: The Last Frontier 【上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷】 Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland. ………. After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help. “The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director. “We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospect of having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future for reasons beyond our control.” ………… Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said, “The support we’ve seen shows how a community can come together in difficult times. It’s clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature are connected.” 24．What is the passage mainly about? A．A prospective approach to planting. B．A nationwide effort to save oak trees. C．A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees. D．A species of trees that are threatened with extinction. 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题精选 （2023年6月·上海高考真题） In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever(猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn's spirit. As dawn's first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged ( 摇摆)his tail, eager for the day's melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature's ideal breezes. One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It twas Finn's instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety's shore. Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm's fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn's eager cars, In return , he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories. When the storm's rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead. As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently, Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them ,their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild's temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends. Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance. 56. What connected Isla to Finn? A. The untouched expanse of wilderness. B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets. C.Circumstance and shared dreams. D. The urban noise. 57. What drove Isla into despair? A. A dusk of crimson and purple. B. A sudden storm. C. The familiar trails. D. A rocky embrace. 58. What were the villagers interested in? A. Finn's confidence and intuition. B. Isla's respect for nature. C. Isla and Finn's exciting journey D. The wild's temptation. 59. What can we learn from the passage? A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass. B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore. C, The villagers wove Isla and Finn's journey into local legend. D. Isla and Finn's real strength lied in conquering harsh environments. 题组二 名校试题精选 Passage 1 【来源】上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三下学期期末毕业考英语试题 As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D．A．power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D．A．the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 1．Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A．It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B．It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C．It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D．It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 2．It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A．tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B．the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C．racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D．light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A．The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B．The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C．The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D．The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B．Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C．Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D．What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes Passage 2 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 For the past four years, I have run Poem Store, a public project where I trade poems typed on a manual typewriter for donations. Most of my work has taken place in Arcata, a small Northern California town that welcomed me so warmly people called me its unofficial town poet. I loved that place. There I wandered through ancient forests, walked the edge of the continent, and knelt beside clear, cold rivers. Yet I also learned another language there — the language of land and ownership. Trees were managed as crops, while protesters sometimes lived high in the branches, trying to save them. I wanted to understand both sides. That wish led me to Neal Ewald of Green Diamond Resource Company, a company often criticized for its logging practices. One day at the market, Neal asked me to write a poem about being underwater. I wrote: “With the weight of water around us, we look up and know all the force of the world lies deep in such an unknown place.” The poem touched him. Soon after, he mailed me a book of letters written by his wife during the final months of her life. He asked me to write another poem, one that he and his children could read when they missed her. He wanted no borrowed song, no famous lines — only words shaped for her life and her memory. I read the letters carefully and wrote Wendy’s poem. When I gave it to Neal, our connection deepened. Out of shared sorrow grew an unlikely friendship. We had dinners, started a book club, and walked together in the woods. We spoke of grief, love, protest, business, and the future of the forests. Neal often returned to one word: yes. He believed even opponents should search for the place where conversation could begin. Later, a young protester named Farmer, who had been living secretly in the trees, agreed to meet Neal. They disagreed on almost everything, yet they chose to listen. In time, the McKay Tract, home to old-growth redwoods, was spared, and much of it moved toward becoming a community forest. I still trace that change back to a pair of poems — one about deep water, one about love that outlived loss. Together, they became a small spark that proved how quietly one human connection can light the dark. 5．Why did the author want to connect with Neal at first? A．To ask Neal to support the Poem Store project. B．To invite Neal to join local environmental protests. C．To better understand opposing views on the forests. D．To learn how to manage a successful wood company. 6．What was Neal’s requirement for the second poem? A．It had to teach the public about forests. B．It had to be written especially for his wife. C．It had to be related to underwater experience. D．It had to be chosen first by his children together. 7．What happened to the McKay Tract after Neal and Farmer began to listen to each other? A．It was protected for local public use. B．It was sold to Farmer and his supporters. C．It was closed to become a redwood reserve. D．It was cut down under a new community plan. 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．How poetry helped bring people together. B．Why poetry could not ease personal grief. C．How poetry made a town famous for its forests. D．Why poetry could not improve a company’s image. Passage 3 【来源】上海市华师二附中2025-2026学年高三3月测试英语试题 After receiving tenure (终身职位) in 2022 I considered taking a vacation. But I had 15 people in my lab, a partner who is also in academia with his own lab, and two children in elementary school. I felt I could not step away for a year. Then I connected with researchers in Uruguay seeking a collaborator experienced in my area, and I got a short-term Fulbright fellowship to explore the opportunity. I envisioned my 3-month stay as an intense period of lab work, data collection and scientific discoveries. The 5-hour time difference would leave me with enough hours to catch up with my lab and family back home. When I arrived, I was dispirited to learn that the shuttle to the institute ran on a schedule that limited our work hours to 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Mornings started with shared mate and conversations about our weekends or evenings, followed later by an extended lunch break that was sacred. I felt impatient. Yet my research progressed steadily. Outside of work, another kind of progress was unfolding. I was still working long hours because of my responsibilities as a lab head, graduate program director, and National Institutes of Health study section member, but the built-in breaks — which often included an evening snack — made all the difference. I still got my work done, and the slower rhythm also left space for deeper thinking, both in my experiments and in my life. I was learning the value of working with intention rather than urgency, and of leaving room for the parts of life that can’t be scheduled. A calmness set in. I found myself laughing more, sleeping better, and enjoying the life I have worked hard to build. Midway through my fellowship my family arrived for an extended visit, and I took 3 weeks off for a once-in-a-lifetime journey. We wandered through bustling neighborhoods framed by the Andes, and felt the thunder of waterfalls soaking us in mist. I began to notice small things: my daughter’s fascination with seashells, my son’s growing ease with strangers and his first words of Spanish. When my fellowship ended 8 months ago, I returned with more than a set of data. I came back with a readjusted sense of how I want to live and work. I block my calendar so that no one can schedule a meeting during my off hour. I’ve built small rituals into my routine — a morning walk, a break away from the screen... These modest changes have reshaped the texture of my days. I find myself more focused in the lab, more patient with my students, and more present with my family. Productivity, I’ve come to see, is not measured only by research papers and grants. It is also sustained by presence, rest, and the relationships that give meaning to the work. 9．The author’s life can be described as ______ before she received a tenure. A．an escape from family duties B．frequently on the run C．a rat race with her partner D．in pursuit of fellowship 10．How did the author initially feel after learning the work schedule in Uruguay? A．Disappointed and anxious. B．Duty-bound but calm. C．Homesick but fulfilling. D．Relieved and anticipatory. 11．The modest changes mentioned by the author might include ______. A．becoming available when her lab members need to consult her B．treating conversations about leisure as a religiously sacred ritual C．replacing a long lunch break with deep thinking over a snack D．reserving weekends for her family instead of unfinished work 12．Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A．To work or not to work B．Approach to work-life balance C．The experiment I didn’t plan D．Success isn’t measured by science 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题14 阅读理解记叙文及新闻报道类 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 阅读理解记叙文类（或新闻报道类） 知识解构 知识点1 细节理解题 知识点2 推理判断题 知识点3 词义推断题 知识点2 主旨大意题 考向破译 考向 01 考查细节理解题 考向02 考查推理判断题 考向 03 考查词义推断题 考向04 考查主旨大意题 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 维度 命题考情解析 体裁界定 记叙文：人物故事、个人经历、哲理逸闻、夹叙夹议叙事文本；新闻报道：事件通讯、社会热点、人物专访、新闻纪实；上海高考 / 模考常把二者融合，形成新闻记叙混合语篇。 文本选材特征 1. 主题贴近高中生认知：成长感悟、人性温情、社会现实、普通人事迹、人与自然；2. 文本语言：叙事语言生动，夹杂议论抒情；新闻多包含导语、引语、事实数据；3. 篇幅：上海高考阅读 A 篇为主，350550 词，句式兼顾简单句、长难复合句；传递共情、渗透学科核心素养。 高频考点分布 1. 细节事实题（顺藤摸瓜）：占比最高，考查 5W1H，人物行为、事件起因、过程结果；新闻重点考查导语、直接引语信息；2. 推理判断题（左顾右盼）：中档区分度，推断人物心理、动机、言外之意；新闻推断事件影响、作者隐含立场；3. 词义句意推测题（拨云见日）：熟词僻义、代词指代、比喻表达、含蓄对话句子；依托上下文逻辑（转折、因果、例证）解题，拒绝单词本义陷阱；4. 主旨大意 / 写作意图题（刨根问底）：记叙文抓人物转变与故事寓意；新闻抓导语核心事件；区分引子、局部细节和全文主旨；标题题要求概括全面，范围适中。 命题干扰项套路 1. 细节题：偷换概念、因果倒置、扩大 / 缩小范围、答非所问、张冠李戴；2. 推断题：原文直接事实当作推断结果、无中生有、过度脑补、绝对化表述；3. 词义猜测题：给出单词最常见本义作为强干扰；脱离语境只看字面翻译；4. 主旨题：把开篇引子、局部段落大意、次要事例当成全文主旨；标题范围过大或过于狭隘。 命题素养导向 1. 语言能力：长难句解读、同义替换识别、碎片化信息定位整合；2. 思维品质：区分客观事实与主观情感，读懂言外之意，逻辑思辨；3. 文化意识：理解中外故事、新闻背后人文、社会价值；4. 学习能力：依托文本信息解题，拒绝依赖课外常识主观答题，全部答案在原文找依据。 上海模考 & 高考命题新趋势 1. 体裁边界模糊：大量出现新闻 + 记叙混合文本，既有新闻客观事实，又有人物叙事与情感；2. 设问不再简单定位原句，更多考查同义改写、信息跨段落整合；3. 推理题侧重人物复杂矛盾情感，不再是单一好坏情绪；4. 主旨题侧重挖掘故事背后的人文启示，不只概括故事情节；5. 词义句意题增多比喻、喻义短语，弱化单纯生词考查，侧重语境理解。 学生典型失分点 1. 细节题：凭印象做题，不回文定位，混淆 “起因” 与 “过程”；2. 推断题：把文中直接陈述的事实选作推断答案，主观脑补故事；3. 词义猜测：只记单词本义，忽略叙事 / 新闻语境下熟词僻义；4. 主旨题：被开篇事例、局部细节迷惑，误将分信息当作全文中心。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 思维建模 把握文章结构；理解故事脉络 · 命题类型 · 细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体事实和细节的理解能力。 · 词义猜测题：要求学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义。 · 主旨大意题：考查学生对文章中心思想或主要观点的把握。 · 推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力。 · 作者意图题：考查学生对作者写作目的和态度的理解。 · 解题思路 · 顺藤摸瓜：按照文章脉络和故事发展顺序，一题一题地解答细节题，不漏掉任何细节。 · 左顾右盼：在做题过程中，如果找不到与题干一字不差的词语或句子，需要通过上下文语境进行同义替换，找到正确答案。 · 把握文章结构：记叙文一般可以分为事实记叙和想象记叙，注意文章的基本结构，如5W要素（what, who, when, where, why），这有助于理解文章和回答问题。 · 理解故事脉络：弄明白整件事情的发展脉络，这对于解答细节题和推理判断题至关重要。 · 把握寓意：对于哲理故事或逸闻趣事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义或风趣性，这有助于解答主旨大意题和作者意图题。 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 阅读理解记叙文或新闻报道类 知●识●解●构 知识点1 细节事实题---------顺藤摸瓜 细节事实题是记叙文、新闻报道中占比最高的基础题型，新闻讲究客观事实陈述，记叙文交代时间、地点、人物、起因经过结果，为该类题目提供丰富命题素材。所谓 “顺藤摸瓜”，即以题干关键词为 “藤”，回文定位原文对应信息这根线索，比对选项与原文表述，甄别同义替换、偷换概念、扩大缩小范围三类干扰项。新闻文本要格外关注导语、数据、引语；记叙文留意人物行为、事件时间节点。该题型不要求深度解读，重在精准定位信息，切忌凭主观印象作答。选项往往不会照搬原文原句，多采用同义改写，做题要做到 “题干定方向，原文找依据，选项做比对”，每一个正确选项都可以在文中找到确凿的事实支撑。 考点能力：定位原文 5W1H 信息，识别同义改写；答案必须源自文本，拒绝主观脑补； 常见陷阱：偷换概念、因果倒置、扩大 / 缩小范围、答非所问。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年闵行区二模） As a kid, my identity was wrapped up in sports. I spent countless hours practicing basketball in my driveway. Yet for three straight years, I got cut from the middle school basketball team. Soccer seemed more promising. I’d played for nearly a decade, but when high school tryouts came, I still failed to make the team. Determined not to give up on sports, I turned to diving. At first, I was terrible. I could barely touch my toes without bending my knees, and I was afraid of heights. Still, I kept practicing. I often stayed at the pool until dark, leaving only when my coach forced me out. I believed that greatness was built through daily effort. Eventually, my persistence paid off. By my senior year, I had become an All-American diver and qualified for the Junior Olympic Nationals. Diving soon became more than just an activity — it became my identity. 36. Which one is true of the author’s experience with sports during his childhood? A. He spent much time practicing and refused to join school teams. B. He devoted himself to different sports but was unable to organize a team. C. He engaged in some sports yet failed to secure a place in school teams. D. He mainly focused on basketball before turning to diving. 【答案】36. C 【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yet for three straight years, I got cut from the middle school basketball team.(然而连续三年，我都被中学篮球队淘汰了)”和第二段中“Soccer seemed more promising. I’d played for nearly a decade, but when high school tryouts came, I still failed to make the team.(足球似乎更有希望。我踢了近十年，但高中选拔赛时，我还是没能入选球队)”可知，作者参与过一些运动，却没能在校队获得一席之地。故选C。 分析：事实判断细节题。定位原文第一段、第二段，作者先后尝试篮球、足球，都没能入选校队。命题考法：选项做同义转述，不照搬原句。干扰项 A “拒绝参加校队”、B “组建队伍” 属于无中生有；D “主要专注篮球” 与原文事实不符。 【示例2】（2025~2026学年金山区二模） Roberto Beltrami grew up just a few hours’ drive from Murano of Italy, world-famous for producing beautiful glassware. But it was in Boston that he first came across the art of glassblowing. It was 2011, and Beltrami, then a physics student at Boston University, was fascinated by an exhibition of the work of American artist Dale Chihuly, known for pushing back the boundaries of contemporary glassblowing. What first aroused Beltrami’s interest in glassblowing? A childhood visit to Murano. An exhibition on glass artworks. An art course at Boston University. A physical experiment about glassblowing. 【答案】36. B 【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段 “was fascinated by an exhibition of the work of American artist Dale Chihuly” 可知，一场玻璃艺术展览首次激发他对玻璃吹制的兴趣，故选 B。 分析：动因类细节题。定位第一段 “was fascinated by an exhibition of the work of American artist Dale Chihuly”，一场玻璃艺术展览初次唤起他对吹玻璃的兴趣。干扰项 A 童年游览穆拉诺岛、C 波士顿大学艺术课程，均不是触发兴趣的源头。 【示例3】（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it. Austin first tried to paddle a kayak (皮划艇), but it took on too much water in the bad weather, so he had to abandon it. About two hours later, he took off his life jacket. “I was depleted, but I could hardly feel the tiredness,” he said. “I just kept on swimming — doing breaststroke, freestyle, and even survival backstroke.” After swimming 4 km to shore in the fading light, the teenager ran another 2 km to his family’s hotel. At about 6 p.m., he used his mother’s phone to call for help. “I told them, ‘I need helicopters. I need planes. I need boats. My family’s out at sea.’ I was very calm about it. I think it was just a lot of shock,” he recalled. Right after the call, he fainted from exhaustion and was taken to hospital. His family were later found floating about 14 km offshore and rescued. 36. Why did Austin set out for help by himself? A. His family were trapped far from the shore. B. The kayak his family used was sinking fast. C. A strong storm separated him from his parents. D. He tried to prove he was the strongest swimmer. 【答案】36. A 【详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it.(奥斯汀一家人正在度假，突如其来的狂风把他们的冲浪板吹离了岸边。母亲乔安让他游上岸求助，她清楚儿子水性最好，一定能做到。)”以及第三段中“After swimming 4 km to shore in the fading light, the teenager ran another 2 km to his family’s hotel.(在微弱的光线下游了4公里到岸边后，这名少年又跑了2公里到他家人住的酒店。)”可知，奥斯汀的家人被困在离海岸很远的地方，所以他独自出去寻求帮助。故选A。 分析：事件起因细节题。定位第二段，狂风把冲浪板吹离海岸，家人被困远海，母亲叫他游上岸求救。命题陷阱：B 皮划艇进水是途中遇到的困难，不是出发求救的原因，区分起因和过程。 知识点2 推理推断题------左顾右盼 推理推断题是区分阅读理解能力的中档难题，“左顾右盼” 寓意解题不能只盯住某一句话，要兼顾局部信息与上下文语境。记叙文侧重推断人物心理、动机、性格；新闻报道侧重推断事件背后的态度、潜在影响、作者隐含立场。切记：推断不等于主观猜想，答案必须立足文本已有信息，不可脱离文本过度脑补。解题时，既要 “顾” 题干定位的原句，又要 “盼” 前后句、段落逻辑。干扰项常设置为原文直接陈述的事实（并非推断）、无中生有、夸大情感态度。新闻要区分 “受访者观点” 和 “作者态度”；记叙文要透过人物的语言、动作细节挖掘言外之意，做到有据可依，言必有据。 考点能力：正确选项不能是原文直接抄写的陈述句；立足文本线索，推断人物心理、潜在影响、言外之意；兼顾上下文，拒绝断章取义；警惕无中生有、过度解读。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年闵行区二模） However, when I entered college, the sport I loved became something I started to fear. At that level, I could no longer beat more talented divers by working harder. Yet I kept pushing myself, partly because of one troubling question: If I’m not a diver, who am I? A. he realized he feared the sport he loved B. he could no longer beat more talented divers C. his coach encouraged him to train harder than others D. he was unwilling to question the identity he had formed 【答案】 37. D 【详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Yet I kept pushing myself, partly because of one troubling question: If I’m not a diver, who am I?(但我仍不断逼迫自己，部分原因是一个困扰我的问题：如果我不是跳水运动员，我是谁？)”可知，作者不愿质疑自己早已形成的身份认同。故选D。 分析：人物心理动机推断。定位第四段，困扰作者的问题 “If I’m not a diver, who am I?”，说明他不愿打破已经建立的身份认同。易错陷阱：B 选项 “打不过更有天赋选手” 是客观现状，是事实陈述，不是推断出来的深层心理原因。 【示例2】（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Today, what I value most in my job is the transformation I see in the students who arrive nervous but leave confident enough to challenge me, their professor. Every time I walk into the classroom, I see a younger version of myself, and remember the bridge I had to cross to get where I am today. For me, helping others cross that bridge is the true reward of scientific life. 39. What moral does the author want to convey through the story? A. Language barriers are the biggest challenge in scientific research. B. Returning to one’s homeland is the fundamental goal for scientists. C. A scientist’s true reward lies in building the next generation’s confidence. D. Hard work and determination are essential for a successful scientific career. 【答案】 39. C 【详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Every time I walk into the classroom, I see a younger version of myself, and remember the bridge I had to cross to get where I am today. For me, helping others cross that bridge is the true reward of scientific life.(每次走进教室，我都会看到一个更年轻的自己，并回想起为了走到今天这一步所必须跨越的那座桥梁。对我而言，帮助他人跨越这座桥梁才是科学研究生涯的真正意义所在)”可知，作者通过这个故事想要表达一位科学家真正的回报在于培养下一代人的信心。故选C。 分析：故事主旨道理推断。定位文末 “For me, helping others cross that bridge is the true reward of scientific life”，科研者真正回报是帮助后辈建立自信成长。干扰项 D “勤奋决心是科研成功关键” 是文中次要信息，不是作者要传递的核心感悟。 【示例3】（2025~2026学年静安区二模） Time, over a long train journey, becomes somewhat flexible. The effect in that environment — always fixed, always moving — can become something like a sustained coincidence. You’re searching for a familiar sweater in your compartment when you glance out the window to find a distant temple with a round dome. You order your usual drink at a bar as blue lightning flashes across the grassland. ________. 37. Which of the following, if inserted into the blank, would best illustrate the idea of “a sustained coincidence” described in the passage? A. Lying on a bed reading, you look up to see eight camels marching over a sand hill. B. Checking the dining car menu, you find your preferred sandwich is sold out. C. Asking an attendant for a blanket, you’re told they’re first-class only. D. Stretching your legs in the corridor, you see the train pull into an unfamiliar station. 【答案】 37. A 【详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Time, over a long train journey, becomes somewhat flexible. The effect in that environment — always fixed, always moving — can become something like a sustained coincidence.(在漫长的火车旅行中，时间变得有些灵活。在这种总是固定又总是移动的环境中，效果可能会变成一种持续的巧合。)”可知，空白处需要填入一个能体现“持续巧合”的场景。A选项“Lying on a bed reading, you look up to see eight camels marching over a sand hill.(躺在床上看书，你抬头看到八只骆驼正越过一座沙丘。)”符合这种持续巧合的描述，即原本在看书，不经意间抬头看到意外的场景。故选A。 分析：概念内涵推断。“a sustained coincidence” 指列车旅途之中，不经意间邂逅意料之外景象；A“躺在床上看书，抬头看见八只骆驼越过沙丘” 符合偶然邂逅的内涵。B、C、D 都是计划内或者意料之中的事件。 知识点3 词义句意推测题———拨云见日 词义句意推测题，即 “拨云见日”，拨开词汇、句子表层迷雾，看透语境下真实含义，在记叙文、新闻报道中高频出现。记叙文常考查人物对话中的含蓄表达；新闻报道会考查专业名词、比喻修辞、指代代词。解题不能只依赖单词本身本义，要依托上下文逻辑：利用转折、因果、举例、对比等句间关系，借助前后的解释、例证、同义 / 反义表达破解词义。要警惕 “熟词本义” 的陷阱，命题人常常设置单词最常见释义作为强干扰项。代词类推测需要厘清指代对象；句意猜测要打通整段逻辑，剥离字面含义，捕捉文本在叙事或新闻报道场景下的引申义，透过语言表象读懂背后的叙事意图与新闻内涵。 考点能力：依托上下文因果、转折、举例、解释线索；避开单词最常见本义陷阱；考查熟词僻义、短语、整句深层含义。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年长宁区二模） “They can’t say how they’re feeling and they can be quite good at masking how they’re feeling.” said Marianne Paisley, who studies ape wellbeing at the University of Sussex. The temperature of an ape’s face could help people understand how they are feeling and how to make them feel better too. For example, the team has found that showing adult apes a video of baby apes calmed them down. When the adult animals watched the video on a screen, their noses slowly warmed up. 37. The underlined word “masking” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “________”. A. strengthening B. expressing C. hiding D. controlling 【答案】 37. C 【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“They can’t say how they’re feeling and they can be quite good at(它们无法表达自己的感受，而且它们在……方面很擅长)”可知，上文They指代的是动物，即动物无法诉说情绪，擅长隐藏感受，故划线词意思是“隐藏”。故选C。 分析：熟词僻义猜测。猿类无法诉说情绪，并且擅长掩盖自身真实感受，mask 此处动词含义 “隐藏、掩饰”，不是名词 “面具”。 【示例2】（2025~2026学年松江区二模） My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. Running taught me how to show up and lead. It was on a run, about three months in, struggling up a hill, that a clear thought broke through the mental noise: “I am doing something hard, and I am okay.” My body, which had felt like the root of my failure (too tired, too weak, too anxious), became the root of my strength. 38. The sentence “Running taught me how to show up and lead.” in paragraph 5 indicates that ______. A. I figured out how to show up on the running track B. running taught me to let the body naturally lead the soul C. I discovered how to take control of my life through running D. running helped me stop being passive and start leading others 【答案】 38. C 【详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段前文“My anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life. (焦虑让我在自己的生活中成为一个被动的乘客)”以及后文“I am doing something hard, and I am okay. (我正在做一件难事，而且我很好)”可知，跑步让作者从被动的生活状态转变为主动掌控的状态。划线句表明跑步教会了作者如何掌控自己的生活。故选C项。 分析：整句句意推测。前文 “anxiety had made me a passive passenger in my own life”，跑步让作者从被动，转变为主动掌控自己的人生。不能理解成 “领导别人”，是对内掌控自我。 【示例3】（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） When the team combined their findings with existing measurements of the Greenland ice sheet, they found the total annual loss of ice since 2003 reached about 264bn tonnes — roughly 30m tonnes every hour. The new data show an increase of 43bn tonnes a year compared with earlier estimates, or about 20% more than previously thought. The implications, scientists warn, are alarming. 38. The underlined word “implications” in the 3rd paragraph refers to ______. A. the new measurements of the Greenland ice sheet B. the consequences of faster Greenland ice loss C. the methods used to analyze satellite data D. the warnings from scientists about climate change 【答案】38. B 【详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When the team combined their findings with existing measurements of the Greenland ice sheet, they found the total annual loss of ice since 2003 reached about 264bn tonnes-roughly 30m tonnes every hour. The new data show an increase of 43bn tonnes a year compared with earlier estimates, or about 20% more than previously thought.( 当研究团队将他们的研究成果与格陵兰冰盖现有的测量数据相结合后，他们发现自2003年以来格陵兰冰层每年的总消融量达到了约 2640 亿吨——大约每小时 3000 万吨。新的数据表明，与之前的估计相比，每年的冰量增加量为 430 亿吨，即比之前认为的多出约 20%)”可知，第三段先给出惊人的冰流失数据：每年流失2640亿吨，比之前估计多 20%，紧接着说“…scientists warn, are alarming(科学家们警告说，这种implications令人担忧)”，下文随即展开介绍冰盖融化对全球气候的严重后果。由此可知，implications 在此语境中意为“可能的影响、后果”。B选项the consequences of faster Greenland ice loss“格陵兰冰川加速融化所带来的后果”符合语境。故选B项。 分析：名词词义猜测。前文给出冰川消融惊人数据，下文讲述对全球洋流、气候的连锁恶果。implications 在此语境指 “冰川加速融化带来的种种后果”，不是字面 “暗示、含义”。 知识点4 主旨大意或写作意图推断——刨根问底 主旨大意题谓之 “刨根问底”，要求穿透纷繁的细节事例，挖掘记叙文、新闻报道的内核主旨。新闻报道主旨往往藏于导语（首段），开门见山交代核心事件；记叙文则需要串联情节线索、人物成长变化，提炼故事背后的情感、道理与价值。做题切忌把局部细节当成全文主旨。“刨根”，即剥离事例、数据、引语等支撑性细节；“问底”，即抓住文章写作目的、核心话题。干扰项多为局部段落大意、次要人物或次要事件。记叙文关注人物的转变、故事传递的感悟；新闻关注事件的社会意义。选择标题类主旨题，要做到既能概括全文核心，又简洁凝练，既不能范围过大漫无边际，也不能范围狭隘以偏概全。 考点能力：剥离引子、局部细节干扰；记叙文抓人物成长转变、思想感悟；书评 / 新闻抓导语核心；标题题做到概括全文，范围大小适中； 高频陷阱：把段落局部当成全文主旨。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年松江区二模） During those runs, I began to understand something. Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. You are both the president and the citizen of your body. The part of you that wants to quit, to go home, to collapse on the sofa, is the tired citizen. The part of you that says, “Just one more step,” “Just to that tree,” is the president — the one who must decide for the good of the whole, who must carry the weight of the effort even when it’s hard. 36. What is the best title for this passage? A. Silencing the 100 Voices B. From Mailboxes to Marathons C. Running as the President of Your Own Life D. The Restorative Power of a Doctor’s Advice 【答案】36. C 【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第四段中“Running, especially when you don’t feel like it, is an act of leadership over your own soul. (跑步，尤其是在你不想跑的时候，是一种掌控自己灵魂的行为)”，第五段中“Running taught me how to show up and lead. (跑步教会了我如何出现并引领)”可知，文章讲述了作者产后因焦虑开始跑步，在这一过程中不仅身体逐渐恢复，更学会了掌控自己的生活与灵魂。全文围绕跑步带来的这种“掌控自我”的感悟展开。选项 C“Running as the President of Your Own Life (作为自己生命的主宰去跑步)”精准概括了文章主旨，可以作为本文标题。故选C项。 分析：记叙文标题主旨。全文核心：产后焦虑，跑步教会自己做灵魂与生活的主宰。A 只对应文中一个比喻句，是局部细节；B “从邮筒到马拉松” 只是表层故事线索，没有抓住精神成长主线。 【示例2】（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） An Australian 13-year-old boy swam 4 km to shore and then ran another 2 km to get help for his family, who were stranded at sea. Austin Appelbee was called “superhuman” for what he did. Experts say his extraordinary effort went beyond what people typically consider possible. Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it. 39. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A 13-year-old Boy’s Heroic Rescue B. The Science behind Human Limits C. A Family’s Unexpected Adventure D. The Value of Swimming Training 【答案】 39. A 【详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it.(奥斯汀一家人正在度假，突如其来的狂风把他们的冲浪板吹离了岸边。母亲乔安让他游上岸求助，她清楚儿子水性最好，一定能做到。)”可知，文章主要讲述了13岁的澳大利亚男孩奥斯汀在家人被困海上时，独自游泳4公里到岸边，再跑2公里寻求帮助，最终成功救出家人的英勇事迹。因此，A选项“一个13岁男孩的英勇救援”最符合文章主旨。故选A。 分析：新闻记叙标题主旨。文章核心讲述 13 岁男孩海上遇险，奋力游上岸求救，完成英勇救援。D 选项 “游泳训练的价值” 是文章分论点，属于次要信息，不能统领全文叙事。 【示例3】（2025~2026学年虹口区二模） 39. What message does the author want to convey through the passage? A. People with disabilities can understand others better than most adults do. B. Frequent phone calls are the best way to keep relationships strong. C. Role-play helps strengthen family bonds across generations. D. A simple act of love can provide steady comfort in life. 【答案】 39. D 【详解】通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“It’s an act of love that saves me, just a little bit, every single day.(这是一种爱的行为，每天都能给我一点点的拯救。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者与患有智力障碍的叔叔乔治之间通过日常电话交流建立起的深厚情感，以及这些电话在作者困难时期给予的安慰和支持，从而传达了“一个简单的爱的行为可以在生活中提供稳定的安慰”这一信息。故选D。 分析：夹叙夹议主旨题。故事载体是智力障碍叔叔每天角色扮演打电话，核心感悟：简单的爱的举动，可以给予人持久的慰藉。A 错误，文中明确写叔叔并不能真正理解他人处境。 考●向●破●译 考向1 事实细节题 【考向破译】 在做直接事实题时，要抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。做间接事实题时，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。数据推算题要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。 · 精准定位：仔细阅读题目，确定关键词（如人名、地名、时间、事件等），然后在新闻报道中快速定位包含这些关键词的句子或段落。 · 比对信息：将选项与定位到的原文内容逐字比对。注意选项中的细节表述与原文是否完全一致，包括数字、范围、程度等。 【上海市华师大二附中2024-2025学年高三上学期期中】 When I was a little boy in Brazil, I became fascinated with history, read The Lost World, the Arthur Conan Doyle book that inspired Jurassic Park, and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist like Indiana Jones. I wanted to travel the world to search for hidden treasures, buried for centuries. When I read about the Terracotta Warriors in Xi’an, they carved out a special place in my imaginary future. I was amazed at how something so magnificent could be hidden from plain view for so long. Back then I had no idea that China was the furthest place on earth from my birth-place and I could definitely not imagine living there when I grew up. But here I am. And after almost three years of working in Beijing, I finally found the opportunity to visit the site I had imagined for so long. …….. 1．Which of the following statements is proper to describe the author when he was little? A．He was interested in people and objects in ancient societies. B．He was good at mathematics and dreamed of being an architect. C．He liked carving sculptures out of stones and jade. D．He was obsessed with reading novels and aspired to be a sci-fi writer. 2．Which of the following statements is true? A．It’s easy for the writer to travel to China and many of his relatives live there. B．Xi’an is such a city as boasts both cultural heritages and modern facilities. C．Foreigners tend to find difficulty in traveling in Xi’an with little English signs to instruct them. D．The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda overlooks mostly modern buildings. 【答案】1．A 2．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者从小对历史和考古充满兴趣，成年后在北京工作多年后终于有机会参观儿时梦寐以求的西安，并分享了他在西安的所见所感。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was a little boy in Brazil, I became fascinated with history, read The Lost World, the Arthur Conan Doyle book that inspired Jurassic Park, and dreamed of becoming an archaeologist like Indiana Jones. I wanted to travel the world to search for hidden treasures, buried for centuries.(当我还是个在巴西的小男孩时，我迷上了历史，读了阿瑟·柯南·道尔的《失落的世界》，这本书给了我侏罗纪公园的灵感，我梦想着成为印第安纳·琼斯那样的考古学家。我想环游世界去寻找埋藏了几个世纪的宝藏)”可知，作者小时候对古代社会的人和物很感兴趣。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“If you’re into history, it’s the place to go. It has the necessary infrastructure to attract foreign tourists such as signs in proper English and restaurants everywhere.(如果你对历史感兴趣，这里是你必去的地方。它有必要的基础设施来吸引外国游客，比如用合适的英语写的标志，到处都是餐馆)”可知，B选项“西安是一座文化遗产和现代化设施并存的城市”正确。故选B。 【上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题】 A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme. “Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. ......... To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. 1．According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc? A．His father’s old age and poor health. B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke. C．His dream of traveling with his father again. D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains. 4．What did the author realize after taking the family picture? A．It was never too late to accompany his father. B．He and his father changed with time passing by. C．Everything changes with time except the mountains. D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age. 【答案】1．B 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者带着74岁的父亲去攀登勃朗峰的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ ‘Old age doesn’t come alone,’ he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France. (他回答说：“衰老不是独自来的。”他的意思是说，最近一次危及生命的中风导致了记忆力丧失。然而，在被遗忘已久的足迹中唤起记忆似乎是正确的事情。我们订了机票，四个月后，我们到达了法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰。)”可知，是父亲的中风导致记忆力丧失，促使作者带着父亲去法国夏蒙尼的勃朗峰远足。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes.  There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background.  For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed. (为了捕捉这一刻，我拍了一张照片，但直到那时我才意识到，这张照片的构图与我第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的。那是微笑，那双眼睛盯着地平线，美丽的阿尔卑斯山脉勃朗峰衬托着背景。有那么一瞬间，一切似乎都没有改变。)”作者觉得一切似乎是没有改变的，与第一次在一个垃圾箱里看到的幻灯片几乎是一样的，可知，作者父亲对登山的热爱仍未改变。故选D。 考向2 推理判断题 【考向破译】 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要学生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。 区间定位是快速定位的重要手段之一，使用区间定位能够帮助学生在没有完全读懂原文的情况下尽可能答对较多的题。 · 抓住关键信息进行推理：善于捕捉文章中的关键词或短语，利用这些信息进行分析、推理和判断，从而推断出隐含的深层含义。 · 结合语境和常识：利用文章的语境和已知常识进行逻辑推理，如通过语境的褒贬性来推断人物心理、作者意图等。 · 区分观点与事实：明确文章中哪些是作者的观点、态度，哪些是客观事实，避免将作者的观点误认为事实。 【上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题】 ……… It was about this time that Daddy built him a go-cart and I had to pull him around. The moment I picked up my cap, he started crying to go with me and Mama would call from wherever she was, “Take Doodle with you”. He was a burden in many ways. The doctor had said that he mustn’t get too excited, too hot, too cold, or too tired and that he must always be treated gently—a long list of don’ts went with him. His skin was very sensitive, and he had to wear a big straw hat whenever he went out. When the going got rough and he had to climb to the sides of the go-cart, the hat slipped all the way down over his ears. He was a sight. Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did. I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp. His eyes were round with wonder as he gazed, and his little hands began to stroke the rubber grass. Then he began to cry. “For heaven’s sake, what’s the matter?” I asked, annoyed. “It’s so pretty,” he said. “So pretty, pretty, pretty.” 15．By “I could see I was licked (paragraph 3)”, the narrator implies that ________? A．He was aware that he was licked by Doodle. B．He was excited that he could see Doodle’s progress. C．He wanted to change Doodle’s name again. D．He realized Doodle would always be a part of his life. 16．What can you infer from the passage about the narrator’s feelings towards Doodle? A．He deeply disliked Doodle for the attention he receives. B．He felt a mix of annoyance and affection for Doodle. C．He was completely indifferent to what Doodle was doing. D．He was surprised at Doodle’s ability to crawl. 【答案】 15．D 16．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者对身体残疾的弟弟Doodle的人生经历回忆，尽管弟弟的生活充满挑战，但作者对他不离不弃，展现了深深的爱和关心，让弟弟的生活变得更加美好。 15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did.( 突然，我发现我被打败了。Doodle是我的兄弟，不管我做什么，他都会永远依附着我。)”可推知，通过“我发现我被打败了”这句话，作者意识到Doodle将永远是他生活的一部分。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第三段中“Suddenly, I could see I was licked. Doodle was my brother and he was going to cling to me forever, no matter what I did. I dragged him across the burning cotton field to share with him the only beauty I knew, Old Woman Swamp. His eyes were round with wonder as he gazed, and his little hands began to stroke the rubber grass. Then he began to cry.( 突然，我发现我被打败了。Doodle是我的兄弟，不管我做什么，他都会永远依附着我。我拖着他穿过燃烧的棉花地，与他分享我所知道的唯一的美丽——Old Woman沼泽。他盯着看，眼睛瞪得圆圆的，充满了惊奇，他的小手开始抚摸橡胶草。然后他开始哭了起来。)”可知，作者感到负担是因为意识到Doodle将永远是他生活的一部分，需要持续的照料，尽管弟弟的生活充满了挑战，但作者对他的爱和关心从未减少。作者会带着他一起去看美丽的景色。由此可推知，作者对对Doodle既厌烦又喜爱。故选B项。 【上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题】 In rural South Africa, 16 teams of women, all of us over 50 years old, participated in this inaugural (开幕的) event — the Grannies International Football Tournament. It was 13 years in the making, built on dreams and a friendship that crosses continents. The organizer, Beka Ntsanwisi — a well-known community activist and cancer survivor — founded the original team of soccer-playing grandmothers aged 40 to 80, some 15 years ago, to improve their health. At first the locals laughed at them and told them they belonged at home caring for their grandchildren. But a team doctor recorded results from their regular exercise: improved mobility, lowered blood pressure and better digestion. In 2010, the international spotlight landed the team an invitation to travel and play in a tournament in Massachusetts — from yours truly. Like the Grannies, I found soccer later in life and my Lexington, Massachusetts teammates are among my best friends. Beka replied to my invitation without hesitation: “We will come, my sister.” In July 2010, 15 Grannies streamed through the Boston airport. They wowed (博得称赞) us with their dancing on the sidelines of the field and their enthusiasm for life. And during that visit, Beka announced, “Before I die, I want to host a Grannies World Cup.” In March, 2023, Beka’s 13-year wish to host a Grannies international tournament was finally and joyfully met. The tournament, held in the town of Nkowankowa, was intense as France, Zambia, three South African teams, and all three U. S. teams entered the quarterfinals on the fourth and final day. My team would settle for second place, but the U. S. Breakers, also from Massachusetts, held the 3-foot-tall trophy (奖杯) in the air. The goalie (守门员) presented the trophy to Beka and the host Grannies team, without whom this event would never have taken place. We know Beka is the true champion. For me, the Grannies tournament was an extraordinary gift, an experience I will never forget. For all of us, we hold on to our memories of bonding with, our soccer sisters. 1．What can be implied from paragraph 1? A．It took long to make the tournament a reality. B．The tournament aims to help grannies make friends. C．These women’s teams consist of professional football players. D．The tournament caused a stir in the international football community. 2．What can we learn about the original team founded by Beka? A．It was 13 years in the making. B．It received support from the locals. C．It promoted the wellbeing of its members. D．It consisted of middle aged women players. 【答案】1．B 2．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在南非农村，16支由50多岁的女性组成的球队参加了奶奶国际足球锦标赛的首场比赛。 1．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“In rural South Africa, 16 teams of women, all of us over 50 years old, participated in this inaugural (开幕的) event — the Grannies International Football Tournament. It was 13 years in the making, built on dreams and a friendship that crosses continents.(在南非农村，16支由50多岁的女性组成的球队参加了这场首场比赛——奶奶国际足球锦标赛。它经历了13年的发展，建立在跨越大陆的梦想和友谊之上。)”可知，比赛的目的之一是帮助老奶奶们交朋友。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The organizer, Beka Ntsanwisi — a well-known community activist and cancer survivor — founded the original team of soccer-playing grandmothers aged 40 to 80, some 15 years ago, to improve their health. (组织者Beka Ntsanwisi是一位著名的社区活动家和癌症幸存者，大约15年前，她成立了一支由40到80岁的老奶奶组成的足球队，以改善她们的健康状况。)”可知，Beka最初创建的团队是为了促进了其成员的福祉。故选C项。 考向3 词义、句意猜测题 【考向破译】 词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解，旨在考查学生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此学生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。 词义推断题有时候可以同时运用构词法、语境和代入法，短语的语义高度依赖上下文内容和逻辑。 · 利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。 · 借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义，如通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断。 · 注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义；同时注意词与词之间的搭配习惯。 【上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷】 This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certain reasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years. As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her. …….. 25．The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______. A．the author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love B．the author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will C．the author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake D．the author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval 【答案】25．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从自己的经历讲述了对于父母无条件的爱的看法。 25．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线处上句“When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. (如果你是过度投入的母亲的女儿，那么没有人需要使用武力。在无言的期待和寻求认同的舞蹈中，我和妈妈是非常般配的一对。)”可知，作者主动提出学习乐器以获得母亲的认可。故选D。 【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷】 The first and only fungus (真菌) on a global conservation group’s’ “25 Most Wanted List”, the big puma fungus, which is actually quite small, has been found in the rainy mountains of Chile, almost 40 years after it was first documented. The mysterious species of fungi that lives underground in Chile’s Nahuelbuta Mountains had only ever been found in the wild once. An expedition team from the Fungi Foundation in Chile set out for the temperate forests of the Nahuelbutas in May 2023 to retrace the footsteps of Chilean mycologist (真菌学家) Norberto Garrido, who discovered the big puma fungus and described it to Western science in 1988. They timed the expedition to coincide with the exact dates in May that Garrido had hiked the mountains more than 40 years earlier. “It’s possible that the reproductive parts of the big puma fungus — the mushroom — are only fadingly visible above the soil on the same few days each year, which made the timing of the mission a crucial factor,” said Claudia Bustamante, a mycologist and member of the expedition team. ........ 31．What does the underlined phrase “coincide with” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Put off. B．Correspond to. C．Work out. D．Deal with. 【答案】 31．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了时隔40多年，真菌基金会的一个探险队在智利山区发现了大型美洲狮真菌，这对保护工作具有深远意义。 31．词句猜测题。根据第三段中画线短语后的“It’s possible that the reproductive parts of the big puma fungus — the mushroom — are only fadingly visible above the soil on the same few days each year, which made the timing of the mission a crucial factor(很有可能，大型美洲狮真菌的繁殖部分——蘑菇——每年只有在相同的几天才会逐渐在土壤上显现出来，这使得任务的时机成为一个关键因素)”可知，这里是说这支队伍探险的时间和Garrido在40多年前进山的日期完全一致。coincide with意为“与……一致”，和correspond to意思一致。故选B。 考向4 主旨大意或写作意图推断题 【考向破译】 写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意,找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有 purpose, in order to 等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to advertise);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue/persuade);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识（to inform)。这类题型经常考查短文的标题(title, headline)；短文或段落的主题(subject)；中心思想(main idea)；作者的写作目的(purpose)。 做写作意图题有两种方法：一是主旨推断法：根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图。二是文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。 【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷 ……… But burning fossil fuels to visit threatened environments definitely feels ironic. As a travel writer, I’m constantly wrestling with questions such as: Should we be travelling to endangered landscapes at all? Can it even be done sustainably? What is at stake if we don’t travel? As the saying goes: “Tourism is like a fire. You can either cook your food with it, or burn your house down.” If I’m being honest, at least part of my motivation to go to these places is to see them now as they are now — before they’re irreversibly changed or gone. I’m not alone in this. Once a postdoc and research scientist at the University of Michigan, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everything from flowers to glaciers along the way. Record keeping. “This is here now and I’m here now,” he says. “I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.” 24．The best title for the passage is ________. A．Last-Chance Tourism B．A Sustainable Expedition C．Escaping to Endangered Places D．Risky Adventures: The Last Frontier 【答案】 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文主要讲述了作者乘坐探险游轮前往冰岛，途中看到了濒危的座头鲸和冰山，由此引发了作者对于“末日旅游”的思考。作者认为，在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些美景是非常有意义的。 24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“I’m trying to capture it before it disappears, so I can share it with other people show them this is what the world could have been, if we hadn’t been so driven by profit instead of pleasure.”(我正在尝试在它消失之前捕捉到这些画面，这样我就可以与其他人分享，向他们展示如果我们不是如此追求利润而是追求快乐，世界本可能是什么样子。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者和Kurt Hillig的“末日旅游”，他们想在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些濒危之地的美景。由此可知，A选项“Last-Chance Tourism(末日旅游)”最符合文章标题。故选 【上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷】 Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland. ………. After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help. “The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director. “We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospect of having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future for reasons beyond our control.” ………… Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said, “The support we’ve seen shows how a community can come together in difficult times. It’s clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature are connected.” 24．What is the passage mainly about? A．A prospective approach to planting. B．A nationwide effort to save oak trees. C．A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees. D．A species of trees that are threatened with extinction. 【答案】 24．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章讲述通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。 24．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland.(《泰晤士报》透露，由于政府在帮助创造更多林地方面的延误，近50万棵年轻的橡树将被摧毁，此后这些橡树得以幸存)”、第五段“After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help.(在《泰晤士报》报道了该计划后，全国各地的数十家慈善机构、社区团体和个人与Maelor联系，询问他们是否可以提供帮助)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。所以B项A nationwide effort to save oak trees.(全国范围内拯救橡树的努力)符合语境。故选B项。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题精选 （2023年6月·上海高考真题） In the vast, untouched expanse of wilderness, Isla and her faithful golden retriever(猎犬), Finn danced in a harmony of souls. Together, they weaved through myriad terrains, from shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets to rugged mountain paths that touched the heavens. Their bond was not of mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn's spirit. As dawn's first light kissed the earth, Isla deliberately packed away memories of the nigh while Finn, with eager anticipation, wagged ( 摇摆)his tail, eager for the day's melodies. Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature's ideal breezes. One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard, Raindrops, heavy with sorrow, transformed familiar trails into flowing streams, in a desperate bid for refuge, Isla was trapped by the fierce embrace of the currents. It twas Finn's instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he moved forward suddenly, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety's shore. Nestled in u rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm's fury. Isla whispered tales of bygone days and distant horizons into Finn's eager cars, In return , he moved slowly and complained weakly, weaving tales without words, sharing a symphony of silent stories. When the storm's rage decreased, the world they knew was covered in unfamiliarity. Trails they once danced upon had vanished, and landmarks whispered in unfamiliar tongues. For the first time, Isla felt the weight of disorientation. But Finn, with unwavering confidence, stepped forward, trusting his instincts to unveil the path ahead. As days melted into weeks, just when hope seemed a distant star, the embrace of a hidden village hugged them gently, Interested by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them ,their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend. But the wild's temptation could not be ignored. Restored, the two partners ventured once more into the embrace of nature, carrying with them the blessings and hopes of newfound friends. Through the rich and colorful picture of their adventures, it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared. The wild was but a stage for their eternal ballet of friendship and perseverance. 56. What connected Isla to Finn? A. The untouched expanse of wilderness. B. Shadowed forests echoing with ancient secrets. C.Circumstance and shared dreams. D. The urban noise. 57. What drove Isla into despair? A. A dusk of crimson and purple. B. A sudden storm. C. The familiar trails. D. A rocky embrace. 58. What were the villagers interested in? A. Finn's confidence and intuition. B. Isla's respect for nature. C. Isla and Finn's exciting journey D. The wild's temptation. 59. What can we learn from the passage? A. Isla and Finn made their journeys based on a map or a compass. B. Finn failed to pull Isla back to the safety of shore. C, The villagers wove Isla and Finn's journey into local legend. D. Isla and Finn's real strength lied in conquering harsh environments. 【答案】56-59 CBCC 【导读】这篇文章描述了女孩Isla和她的金毛猎犬Finn在荒野中的冒险故事。他们的强大纽带不仅仅是命运的巧合，更是梦想的共享。在一场突如其来的暴风雨中，Finn展现了无畏的勇气，拯救了Isla。他们共同面对了困境，展现出了深厚的友谊和坚韧的品质。在冒险中，他们发现真正的力量不在于征服自然，而在于彼此之间坚不可摧的纽带。 56.C【解析】根据文章第一段倒数第二句Their bond was not of mere c mere circumstance, but of shared dreams, Isla sought quiet away from the urban noise, while every rustle and murmur of the wild ignited Finn's spirit..可知，Isis和Finn之间的联系不仅仅是环境，而是共同的梦想。A项（未触及的原野）、B项(回荡着古老秘密的阴影森林)、D项(城市的嘈杂声)都说法错误。C项（环境和共同的梦想)正确，故选C。 57.B【解析】根据文章第三段的内容可知，一场突如其来的暴风雨使他们猝不及防。雨点把熟悉的小路变成了奔流的小溪。在绝望地寻求庇护时，Isla被激流的猛烈拥抱所困。在那绝望的时刻，Finn猛扑过去，紧紧抓住她的背包，把她拉回了安全的海岸。这说明是暴风雨让Isla 陷入了绝望。A 项(深红色和紫色的黄昏)、C项(熟悉的小径)、D项(岩石般的拥抱)都说法错误。B项(突然的暴风雨)正确，故选B。 58.C 【 解折】文章第六段 Intrigued by their odyssey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the tapestry of local lore,中的odyssey表示“漫长而刺激的历程”，由此可知村民们对Isla 和 Finn 的这些旅程感兴趣。A 项(Finn 的自信和直觉)、B项(Isla 对自然的崇敬)、D项(野性的吸引)都错误。 C项(Isla 和Finn 激动人心的旅程)正确，故选C。 59.C【解析】根据文章第二段第二句 Their journey was not charted by maps or compasses, but by the gentle touches of their hearts, caressed by nature's ideal breezes,可知，他们的旅程不是由地图或指南针绘制的，而是由他们内心的温柔触动的。A项(Isla和Finn 根据地图或指南针来旅行)错误;根据第三段最后一句It was Finn's instinctive courage that shone brightly in that moment of despair, as he lunged, securing her backpack with a steadfast grip, drawing her back to safety's shore.可知，在那绝望的时刻,Finn 本能的勇气闪耀着光芒，他猛扑过去，紧紧抓住Isla 的背包，把她拉回了安全的海岸。B项(Finn没能把Isla拉回安全的海岸)错误;根据第六段第二句 Interest by the long exciting journey, villagers welcomed them, their journey becoming woven into the picture of local legend.可知村民们对他们的旅程感兴趣，对他们表示欢迎，他们的旅程被编织进了当地传说的画面中。C项(村民们把Isla 和Finn 的旅程编织进了当地的传说)正确;根据最后一段的Through the tapestry of their adventures,it became evident that their true strength was not in conquering the elements but in the unyielding bond they shared.可知，很明显，他们真正的力量不在于征服恶劣的环境，而在于他们共同拥有的不屈的纽带。D项(Isla和Finn 真正的实力在于征服恶劣的环境)错误。故选C。 题组二 名校试题精选 Passage 1 【来源】上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三下学期期末毕业考英语试题 As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D．A．power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D．A．the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 1．Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A．It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B．It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C．It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D．It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 2．It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A．tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B．the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C．racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D．light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A．The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B．The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C．The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D．The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B．Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C．Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D．What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了美国上诉法院裁定烟草公司长期欺诈消费者，呼吁参议院授权FDA对其进行监管。 【详解】1．细节理解题。​ 根据第一段中“The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in.(这项裁决清楚地表明，烟草公司几十年来一直从事欺骗性和有害的行为，不能指望它们自行改革。监管监督是约束它们的最佳机会)”可知，参议员参考该裁决有助于认清外部监管的必要性。 2．推理判断题。​ 根据第三段“Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks.(凯斯勒法官发现，这些公司操纵香烟设计以提供成瘾剂量的尼古丁，虚假否认二手烟致病，并虚假宣称淡味和低焦油香烟的健康风险更低)”可推断，烟草公司在损害消费者健康的情况下造成了其成瘾。 3．细节理解题。​ 根据第五段“The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed.(这些公司抗议称，它们不应受制于此类要求，理由是它们此前已在与46个州及哥伦比亚特区达成的和解协议框架下同意采取多项补救措施。上诉小组对此抗议并不认同，这一立场是完全正确的)”可知，烟草公司的抗议是徒劳的。 4．主旨大意题。​ 文章通篇围绕烟草公司长期欺诈、不可信任展开，并呼吁加强监管。C项“Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted(一次骗子，永远是骗子：为何烟草行业不可信)”最能概括全文主旨，适合作为标题。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 For the past four years, I have run Poem Store, a public project where I trade poems typed on a manual typewriter for donations. Most of my work has taken place in Arcata, a small Northern California town that welcomed me so warmly people called me its unofficial town poet. I loved that place. There I wandered through ancient forests, walked the edge of the continent, and knelt beside clear, cold rivers. Yet I also learned another language there — the language of land and ownership. Trees were managed as crops, while protesters sometimes lived high in the branches, trying to save them. I wanted to understand both sides. That wish led me to Neal Ewald of Green Diamond Resource Company, a company often criticized for its logging practices. One day at the market, Neal asked me to write a poem about being underwater. I wrote: “With the weight of water around us, we look up and know all the force of the world lies deep in such an unknown place.” The poem touched him. Soon after, he mailed me a book of letters written by his wife during the final months of her life. He asked me to write another poem, one that he and his children could read when they missed her. He wanted no borrowed song, no famous lines — only words shaped for her life and her memory. I read the letters carefully and wrote Wendy’s poem. When I gave it to Neal, our connection deepened. Out of shared sorrow grew an unlikely friendship. We had dinners, started a book club, and walked together in the woods. We spoke of grief, love, protest, business, and the future of the forests. Neal often returned to one word: yes. He believed even opponents should search for the place where conversation could begin. Later, a young protester named Farmer, who had been living secretly in the trees, agreed to meet Neal. They disagreed on almost everything, yet they chose to listen. In time, the McKay Tract, home to old-growth redwoods, was spared, and much of it moved toward becoming a community forest. I still trace that change back to a pair of poems — one about deep water, one about love that outlived loss. Together, they became a small spark that proved how quietly one human connection can light the dark. 5．Why did the author want to connect with Neal at first? A．To ask Neal to support the Poem Store project. B．To invite Neal to join local environmental protests. C．To better understand opposing views on the forests. D．To learn how to manage a successful wood company. 6．What was Neal’s requirement for the second poem? A．It had to teach the public about forests. B．It had to be written especially for his wife. C．It had to be related to underwater experience. D．It had to be chosen first by his children together. 7．What happened to the McKay Tract after Neal and Farmer began to listen to each other? A．It was protected for local public use. B．It was sold to Farmer and his supporters. C．It was closed to become a redwood reserve. D．It was cut down under a new community plan. 8．What is the passage mainly about? A．How poetry helped bring people together. B．Why poetry could not ease personal grief. C．How poetry made a town famous for its forests. D．Why poetry could not improve a company’s image. 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 【导语】文章讲述了作者通过诗歌与伐木公司负责人Neal建立联系，进而促成了环保人士与公司之间的对话，最终使一片古老红杉林得以保护的故事。   【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet I also learned another language there — the language of land and ownership. Trees were managed as crops, while protesters sometimes lived high in the branches, trying to save them. I wanted to understand both sides.(然而，我也在那里学到了另一种语言——关于土地和所有权的语言。树木被当作农作物来管理，抗议者有时会住在树枝高处，试图拯救它们。我想了解双方的想法。)”及第三段中“That wish led me to Neal Ewald of Green Diamond Resource Company(这个愿望让我找到了绿钻资源公司的Neal Ewald)”可知，作者最初想联系Neal是为了更好地理解关于森林的对立观点。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Soon after, he mailed me a book of letters written by his wife during the final months of her life. He asked me to write another poem, one that he and his children could read when they missed her. He wanted no borrowed song, no famous lines — only words shaped for her life and her memory.(不久之后，他寄给我一本他妻子在生命的最后几个月里写的信。他让我再写一首诗，一首他和孩子们想念她时可以读的诗。他不想要借来的歌，不想要名句——只想要为她的生活和记忆量身定制的文字。)”可知，Neal对第二首诗的要求是必须专门为他的妻子而写。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In time, the McKay Tract, home to old-growth redwoods, was spared, and much of it moved toward becoming a community forest.(最终，古老红杉林的家园McKay Tract得以保留，其中大部分逐渐成为一片社区森林。)”可知，在Neal和Farmer开始倾听彼此之后，McKay Tract得到了保护，供当地公众使用。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，作者通过写诗与伐木公司负责人Neal建立联系，进而促成了环保人士与公司之间的对话，最终使森林得到保护。文章最后一段“Together, they became a small spark that proved how quietly one human connection can light the dark.(它们共同成为一小簇火花，证明了人与人之间的联系能多么安静地照亮黑暗。)”点明了主旨：诗歌如何将人们凝聚在一起。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市华师二附中2025-2026学年高三3月测试英语试题 After receiving tenure (终身职位) in 2022 I considered taking a vacation. But I had 15 people in my lab, a partner who is also in academia with his own lab, and two children in elementary school. I felt I could not step away for a year. Then I connected with researchers in Uruguay seeking a collaborator experienced in my area, and I got a short-term Fulbright fellowship to explore the opportunity. I envisioned my 3-month stay as an intense period of lab work, data collection and scientific discoveries. The 5-hour time difference would leave me with enough hours to catch up with my lab and family back home. When I arrived, I was dispirited to learn that the shuttle to the institute ran on a schedule that limited our work hours to 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Mornings started with shared mate and conversations about our weekends or evenings, followed later by an extended lunch break that was sacred. I felt impatient. Yet my research progressed steadily. Outside of work, another kind of progress was unfolding. I was still working long hours because of my responsibilities as a lab head, graduate program director, and National Institutes of Health study section member, but the built-in breaks — which often included an evening snack — made all the difference. I still got my work done, and the slower rhythm also left space for deeper thinking, both in my experiments and in my life. I was learning the value of working with intention rather than urgency, and of leaving room for the parts of life that can’t be scheduled. A calmness set in. I found myself laughing more, sleeping better, and enjoying the life I have worked hard to build. Midway through my fellowship my family arrived for an extended visit, and I took 3 weeks off for a once-in-a-lifetime journey. We wandered through bustling neighborhoods framed by the Andes, and felt the thunder of waterfalls soaking us in mist. I began to notice small things: my daughter’s fascination with seashells, my son’s growing ease with strangers and his first words of Spanish. When my fellowship ended 8 months ago, I returned with more than a set of data. I came back with a readjusted sense of how I want to live and work. I block my calendar so that no one can schedule a meeting during my off hour. I’ve built small rituals into my routine — a morning walk, a break away from the screen... These modest changes have reshaped the texture of my days. I find myself more focused in the lab, more patient with my students, and more present with my family. Productivity, I’ve come to see, is not measured only by research papers and grants. It is also sustained by presence, rest, and the relationships that give meaning to the work. 9．The author’s life can be described as ______ before she received a tenure. A．an escape from family duties B．frequently on the run C．a rat race with her partner D．in pursuit of fellowship 10．How did the author initially feel after learning the work schedule in Uruguay? A．Disappointed and anxious. B．Duty-bound but calm. C．Homesick but fulfilling. D．Relieved and anticipatory. 11．The modest changes mentioned by the author might include ______. A．becoming available when her lab members need to consult her B．treating conversations about leisure as a religiously sacred ritual C．replacing a long lunch break with deep thinking over a snack D．reserving weekends for her family instead of unfinished work 12．Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage? A．To work or not to work B．Approach to work-life balance C．The experiment I didn’t plan D．Success isn’t measured by science 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者获得终身职位后原计划度假却因工作无法成行，后通过短期交流项目在乌拉圭的经历，重新调整了生活和工作方式。 【详解】9．推理判断题。根据第一段“After receiving tenure (终身职 ) in 2022 I considered taking a vacation.But I had 15 people in my lab, a partner who is also in academia with his own lab, and two children in elementary school. I felt I could not step away for a year.(2022年拿到终身教职后我才考虑休假，可我实验室有15名成员，我的伴侣也在学术界经营自己的实验室，我还有两个上小学的孩子，我觉得我一年都抽不开身)”可知，之前作者的生活很忙碌，一直在奔波。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“When I arrived, I was dispirited to learn that the shuttle to the institute ran on a schedule that limited our work hours to 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Mornings started with shared mate and conversations about our weekends or evenings, followed later by an extended lunch break that was sacred. I felt impatient.(当我到达时，我沮丧地得知，前往研究所的班车时间表将我们的工作时间限制在早上8点到下午3点30分。早晨从分享马黛茶和谈论周末或晚上的活动开始，随后是神圣的长时间午休。我感到不耐烦。)”可知，作者最初得知乌拉圭的工作时间表后感到失望和不耐烦、焦虑。故选A。 11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I began to notice small things: my daughter’s fascination with seashells, my son’s growing ease with strangers and his first words of Spanish.(我开始留意那些微小的美好：女儿对贝壳的痴迷，儿子面对陌生人时越来越从容的模样，还有他说出的第一句西班牙语。)”、最后一段“I block my calendar so that no one can schedule a meeting during my off hour.(我在日历上设置时间，这样就没有人能在我的休息时间安排会议。)”以及“I find myself more focused in the lab, more patient with my students, and more present with my family.(我发现自己在实验室里更专注，对学生更有耐心，对家人也更用心陪伴。)”可知，作者的小改变包括把周末留给家人而不是未完成的工作。故选D。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“When my fellowship ended 8 months ago, I returned with more than a set of data. I came back with a readjusted sense of how I want to live and work.(8个月前我的奖学金结束时，我带着不止一组数据回来了。我带着对我想如何生活和工作的一种重新调整的感觉回来了。)”可知，作者原本计划去乌拉圭进行短期学术研究，却意外收获了工作与生活方式的改变，重新理解了工作效率与生活的意义，这是一场未曾计划的“人生实验”。选项C“The experiment I didn’t plan(一场未曾计划的人生实验)”是最佳标题。故选C。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $