专题05. 非谓语动词-2025年新高考英语语法知识通关必备及母题对点精练

2025年新高考英语语法知识通关必备母题对点精练 专题05. 非谓语动词 核心考点思维导图 核心考点讲练 核心考点1. 非谓语动词定义及分类 非谓语动词是指在句中不作谓语的动词形式，主要包括三种基本形式形式：doing（表主动关系或进行） 、 done表被动关系或完成和 to do表目的或将要。 非谓语动词用法黄金法则：一个英语句子在没有连词连接的情况下有且只有一个谓语动词，如果该句子已经有了一个谓语动词，那么其他动词只能以非谓语的形式出现，在句中作除谓语动词以外的其他成分。 She got off the bus. She left her bag on the seat.（一个简单句只有一个谓语动词） She got off the bus, but left her bag on the seat. (有并列连词连接:并列句) She left her bag on the seat when she got off the bus.（有从句连词连接:主从复合句） She got off the bus, leaving her bag on the seat.（无连词连接） 核心考点2. 非谓语动词作主语 1. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语，多指抽象性的经常性的行为，相当于名词，做主语要看成单数形式。 Reading is fun. 阅读很有意思。 Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。 常用动名词作形式主语的句型It is no use/useless/of little use/good/no good/ a wast of time/worth/worthwhile doing sth. It’s no use only complaining without taking action. 不采取行动只是抱怨是没有用的。 2. 不定式作主语 不定式表示具体某次或将来的动作，做主语看成单数形式。 To start my own IT company is my dream.=It is my dream to start my own IT company.开创一家IT公司是我的梦想。 常用不定式to do 作定式主语的句型： It takes/took sb. 时间 to do sth. It is /was difficult/easy/important/necessary..for sb to do sth. It is kind/clever/careless/silly/wise/foolish...of sb to do sth. It is stupid of you to write down everything that the teachers. 你把老师说的东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2021年全国甲卷) It is possible _________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 2. ___________(walk) is a good foim of exercise for both young and old. 3. ___________(expose) to sunlight for too much time wil do harm to one's skin. 4. It is no use ___________(argue) with him about such a matter. 5. ___________(enter) a good university for further study is my goal now. 6. It’s necessary for us ___________(help) those in need. 答案速对 1. to walk(it为形式主语 to do 不定式为真正主语 It is possible to do sth) 2. Walking(动名词作主语) 3. Being exposed(动名词作主语 be exposed to 暴露在...下) 4. arguing(It is no use doing sth. 做某事没有用) 5. To enter (to do 不定式作主语) 6. to help(It is necessary for sb. to do sth. 做某事对人是必要的) 核心考点3. 非谓语动词作宾语 1. 动名词作宾语 （1）动名词可以作某些及物动词的宾语： avoid, miss, delay suggest, finish, practice enjoy, imagine, resist admit, deny , envy escape, risk, pardon stand, keep, mind 记忆口诀 避免错过少延期 建议完成多练习 喜欢想象禁不住 承认否定与妒忌 逃脱冒险莫原谅 忍受保持不在意 I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.今天下午如果你能给我回电话，我将非常感激。 （2） 作介词的宾语 I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。 注意：以下短语中to 都是介词 be used to doing习惯于　object to 反对 devote oneself to 致力于　stick to坚持 pay attention to注意　look forward to期盼 adapt to适应　adjust to 使适应于 owe...to归因于　be addicted to对……上瘾 reduce sb./sth.to使沦为 2. 不定式作宾语 (1)不定式可作intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，would like/love/prefer(喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，persuade(说服)，refuse(拒绝)，promise(答应)，attempt(企图)，choose(选择)，ask(询问)，learn(学习)，tell(告诉)，fail(失败)，afford(付得起)等动词的宾语。 The teacher decided to pretend to have known what the boys had done.He chose not to ask the boys but expected to be told everything. 老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。 (2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(不定式)后置。 He feels/thinks it important to learn English well，but finds it difficult to remember the words. 他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2024全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend________ (catch)our attention because of their large size and variety. 2. (2023全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years_________ (record) everything I discovered. 3. (2023全国Ⅰ卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether _________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 4. (2021全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of ________(visit) the place. 5. (2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment. 6. (2019全国Ⅰ卷) Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements. 7. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee —still working 40 hours a week. 8. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·62) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _______ (get) there. 9. (2018全国Ⅰ卷) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _______(die) early by running. 10. (2018全国Ⅲ卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged. 11. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) This included digging up the road, ________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof… 12. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _________(rest). 答案速对 1. to catch(tend to do sth 倾向于做某事) 2. recording(spend 时间in doing sth 介词in一般可省略) 3. to bite(decide to do 觉得做某事) 4. visiting(of为介词) 5. to have(aim to do sth 旨在做某事) 6. noting(by为介词) 7. being(for为介词) 8. to get(it为形式主语to do为真正主语It takes时间to do sth 做某花费...时间) 9. dying(of为介词die early 为短语应用动名词) 10. looking(avoid doing sth 避免做某事) 11. laying(include doing sth 包含做某事) 12. resting(spend 时间in doing sth 介词in一般可省略() 核心考点4. 非谓语动词作表语 1. 动词-ing形式作表语 (1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。(此时doing 名词意义较强，doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动) My hobby is reading books. 我的兴趣爱好是读书。 What made me happy was being admitted to Peking University. 让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。 (2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强，表示“令人…的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，boring，confusing，disappointing，exciting，frightening等等。 The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。 2. 过去分词作表语 如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到…的”，主语往往是指人的名词。如：amazed，bored，confused，disappointed，excited，frightened 等。 I felt really surprised when she told me the exciting news.当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时，我感到非常惊讶。 3. 不定式作表语 不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，goal，aim，purpose，plan 等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。 My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation from university. 我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。 The aim of the talent show is to enrich students’ extra-curricular activities. 这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。 对点精练 1. (2023全国甲卷)However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 2. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷改编)My mom is really__________(concern) with the health of everyone in our family. 3. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) Now my dream is___________ (open) a cafe. 4. (2016年全国Ⅲ卷改编)Readers tend to share articles that are__________ (excite) or funny. 答案速对 1. warning(n. 警告 作表语) 2. concerned(be concerned about 担心/关心...) 3. to open(不定式作表语) 4. exciting(adj. 令人兴奋的 作表语说明articles) 核心考点5. 非谓语动词作定语 1. 动词-ing作定语 动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being done) (1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。 falling leaves正在落下的树叶　a sleeping child睡着的孩子 注意：动名词也可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。 a swimming pool游泳池　a reading room阅览室 (2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。 the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩 the bridge being built now现在在建的大桥 2. 过去分词作定语 单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后。及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。 the polluted water被污染的水 a broken glass 一只打碎的玻璃杯 the bridge completed last month上个月竣工的大桥 the flowers planted last year 去年种的花 3. 不定式作定语 (1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the only，the next等修饰时，常常用不定式作定语。 John is always the first one to come up with a good idea. 约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。 (2)修饰某些名词，如chance，opportunity，way，ability，plan 等。 I feel greatly honored to have the chance to deliver a speech here. 有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。 (3)用在固定句型sb.have sth.to do和 there be sth.to do中。 Students complain that they have endless homework to do every day. 学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。 对点精练 1. (2024全国I卷)The latest __________ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 2. (2024全国Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion,__________ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 3. (2023全国I卷)Shanghai may be the __________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. 4. (2023全国Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to __________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 5. (2023全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message _________ (intend) for everyone. 6. (2022全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation _________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 7. (2022全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step _________ (journey ) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 8. (2022全国乙卷)“It can help to build a community with a _________ (share)future for mankind,”he said. 9. (2021全国1卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _________ (ache) legs. 10. (2020全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 11. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) When we got a call _______ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 12. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 13. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) The adobe dwellings(土坯房)___________ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modem of architects and engineers. 14. (2015全国I卷) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ___________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 答案速对 1. engineering(engineering techniques工程技术 动名词作定语表性质、功能等) 2. inspired(过去分词作后置定语) 3. recognized(过去分词作前置定语 公认的) 4. visiting (现在分词作定语 参访的；访问的) 5. intended(过去分词作后置定语) 6. held(过去分词作后置定语) 7. to journey(不定式作后置定语，名词前有序数词修饰一般用不定式作后置定语) 8. shared(过去分词作前置定语，共享的；共有的) 9. aching(现在分词作前置定语，疼痛的) 10. coming(现在分词作后置定语) 11. saying(现在分词作后置定语) 12. to retire(不定式作后置定语，抽象名词如plan、ability、chance、opportunity、attempt等名词后一般用不定式作后置定语) 13. built(过去分词作后置定语) 14. conducted(过去分词作后置定语) 核心考点6. 非谓语动词作状语 1. 动词-ing作状语 (1)doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。 Walking in the street，I came across an old friend.走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。 (2)having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。 Having waited in line for two hours，the old man became impatient. 已经排了两小时的队，这位老人变得不耐烦了。 (3)having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。 Having been told many times，the boy still made the same mistake again and again. 已经被告知很多次，这个男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。 2. 过去分词作状语 其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 Praised by the teacher，he looked very excited. 受到了老师的表扬，他看起来很激动。 Seen from the top of the mountain，our city looks beautiful.从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。 3. 不定式作状语 不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。 I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early bus in the morning. 我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。 (2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于too...to...，enough to，so/such...as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。 I asked Mum to put up the tent excitedly，only to be told the tent had been left behind. 我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知帐篷忘带了。 Every time I prepare for an important examination，I will be too anxious to fall asleep. 每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。 (3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作原因状语。 I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to China for a visit during the summer holiday.我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。 对点精练 1. (2024全国I卷)These sepals open on warm days_________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 2. (2024全国I卷)_________ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 3. (2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, _________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 4. (2023全国乙卷)_________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 5. (2022全国1卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 6. (2022全国甲卷) He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 7. (2022全国乙卷) _________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, _________(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 8. (2022全国1卷)_________(cover) an area about  three times the size of Yellowstone National Part, the GPNP will be one of the first national park in the country. 9. (2020全国Ⅲ卷) The next morning he hired a boat and set out _______ (find) the well-known painter. 10. (2020全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy _________ (care) for and make great presents. 11. (2019全国Ⅰ卷·) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________(perform) consistently over a large area. 12. (2019全国Ⅲ卷·) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 13. (2018全国Ⅰ卷) You don’t have to run fast or for long _______ (see) the benefit. 14. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________ (improve) water quality. 15. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) China’s approach to protecting its environment while _______(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 16. (2017北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not _________(know) where she was heading. 答案速对 1. to give(作目的状语) 2. Recalling(现在分词作状语) 3. Borrowing(现在分词作状语） 4. Having visited(having done作状语) 5. to increase(作目的状语) 6. planning(现在分词作状语) 7. to invite(作目的状语)；inviting(现在分词作状语) 8. Covering(现在分词作状语) 9. to find(作目的状语) 10. to care(be+adj.+to do) 11. to perform(be+adj.+to do) 12. listening(现在分词作状语) 13. to see(作目的状语) 14. to improve(作目的状语) 15. feeding(while doing sth) 16. knowing(现在分词作状语) 核心考点7. 非谓语动词作宾补 1. 动词－ing形式作宾补 动词－ing形式作宾补，表示动作的过程，即动作正在进行，尚未结束。宾语与宾补之间是主动的逻辑主谓关系。 I hear someone knocking at the door.我听到有人在敲门。 I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.对不起，让你久等了。 2. 动词过去分词形式作宾补 着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。 He saw the thief caught by the police. 他看到那个贼被警察抓起来了。 The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 那个老师提高声音以便让自己被听到。 3. 不定式( to do )作宾补的动词 (1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。 I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日聚会。 (2)下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen to)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。 I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently. 我经常听到这个女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。 4. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的辨析 (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，以see为例： see＋宾语＋ I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. 当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。 I’d like to see the plan carried out. 我想看到这个计划被执行。 (2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况： ① The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school. 老师让一些学生放学后留在教室里。 He tried to make himself understood. 他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。 ② Don’t let your child play with matches. 别让你的孩子玩火柴。 Let the work be done immediately. 工作要马上去做。 ③ He had the fire burning all the night. 他让火燃烧了一夜。 He had his wallet stolen on his way home. 在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。 ④ She got her bike running very fast. 她把自行车骑得飞快。 I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。 (3)动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作宾补的情况： ①leave ②keep ③find ④catch sb.doing sth.撞见某人正在做某事 对点精练 1. (2023全国I卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents. 2. (2023全国I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ____________ (want) more next time.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷·69) 3. (2020全国III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 4. (2021全国1卷)Strange, isn’t it? But that's how nature is always leaving us___________ (astonish). 5. (2020全国1卷·) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ___________(walk)through a rainforest. 6. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) Oranges make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune  7. (2018全国Ⅲ卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ______ (stay) and watch. 8. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. (答案速对 1. to be lifted(to be done作宾补 allow sb to do sth) 2. wanting(现在分词作主语补足语 leave sb wanting sth使某人想要某事 被动形式sb be left wanting sth) 3. surrounding(现在分词作宾语补足语) 4. astonished(过去分词作宾语补足语leave sb astonished 让某人吃惊) 5. walking(现在分词作宾语补足语) 6. decorated(过去分词作宾语补足语) 7. to stay(不定式作宾补 allow sb to do sth) 8. to process(不定式作主语补足语 require sb to do sth 被动形式 sb be required to do sth) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$