专题14. 特殊句式-2025年新高考英语语法知识通关必备及母题对点精练

2025年新高考英语语法知识通关必备及母题对点精练 专题14. 特殊句式 核心考点思维导图 核心考点讲练 核心考点1. 祈使句 祈使句是用于表达请求、命令、建议、劝告等的句子。 祈使句以动词原形开头，常常省略主语“You”。例如Turn left. Let me help you. 否定句在句前加Don’t 或 Never。例如Don't /Never give up. 祈使句的4种形式：①动词原形(＋宾语)＋其他成分；②Be＋表语(＋其他成分)，如Be honest.；③Let’s/Let us do/not do sth；④祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(陈述句谓语用一般将来时)。 对点精练 1. (2016全国Ⅱ卷·70) It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, _______ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 2. (2020年八校联考) In any unsafe situation, simply_______ (press) the button and highly trained agent will get you the help you need. 3. Work hard, _______ you will make progress in English. 答案速对 1. make 2. press 3. and 核心考点2. 倒装句 倒装句分为部分倒装和全部倒装。 完全倒装就是把谓语全部放在主语之前，主要包含以下情况： 1. 以 here、there、now、then 等副词开头 There goes the last bus. 最后一班公交车开走了。 Now comes your chance to shine. 现在轮到你大显身手了。 Then came a sudden change in the weather. 然后天气突然变了。 2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首 Down went the ship into the deep sea. 船沉入了深海。 Off flew the bird as soon as it saw me. 鸟一看见我就飞走了。 In the garden grows a variety of beautiful flowers. 花园里种着各种各样美丽的花。 Under the tree lay a dog sleeping soundly. 树下躺着一只狗，睡得很熟。 3. 表语置于句首 Present at the meeting were all the important figures in the industry. 出席会议的都是行业内的重要人物。 Gone are the days when we had to rely on others. 我们不得不依赖别人的日子一去不复返了。 Lying on the ground was a little cat. 地上躺着一只小猫。 部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、情态动词、be动词)置于主语之前，常见情况如下： 1. 否定词或半否定词置于句首 Hardly had I arrived at the station when the train left. 我刚到车站，火车就开走了。 Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up. 她刚睡着，敲门声就把她吵醒了。 Little did he realize how important this meeting was. 他几乎没有意识到这次会议有多重要。 2.“only + 状语” 置于句首 Only in the library can you find so many books on this subject. 只有在图书馆里你才能找到这么多关于这个主题的书。 Only when you study hard can you pass the exam. 只有当你努力学习，你才能通过考试。 Only after talking to him did I understand his problem.只有和他交谈之后，我才理解他的问题。3. so, neither, nor 置于句首 He can play the piano well, and so can his brother. 他钢琴弹得很好，他的兄弟也能。 She didn't go to the party last night, and neither did I. 她昨晚没去参加聚会，我也没去。 I don't like coffee, and nor does my sister. 我不喜欢咖啡，我妹妹也不喜欢。 1. so...that 结构中的 so 位于句首 So difficult was the problem that no one could solve it. 这个问题如此难，以至于没有人能解决它。 So fast did he run that I couldn't catch up with him. 他跑得如此快，以至于我追不上他。 2. as 引导的让步状语从句 Tired as he was, he still went to work on time. 尽管他很累，他仍然按时去上班。 Child as he is, he knows a lot about science. 尽管他是个孩子，他对科学了解很多。 3. 虚拟条件句省略 if Were it not for the bad weather, we would have a picnic today. 如果不是因为天气不好，我们今天就去野餐了。 Had I had enough money last year, I would have bought a car. 如果我去年有足够的钱，我就买一辆车了。 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2020 年湖北) Only then _______ we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move. 2. (2017江苏)_______(be) it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty. 3. Absurd _______ it might sound，everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa. 4. Here_______ (be) some suggestions, which I hope will be of benefit to you. 5. Gone _______(be) the days when we were carefree children. 答案速对 1. did 2. Were 3. as/though 4. are 5. are 核心考点3. 强调句 强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。 It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过相互倾听和理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才能得到解决。 ①强调主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上要和被强调的主语保持一致。 It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress. 是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。 ②not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。 It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital.直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。 ③强调谓语动词:It is/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2017年天津6月)It was when I got back to my apartment _______ I first came across my new neighbors. 2. (2016年上海)But like so many other things，it is only too much stress _______ does you harm. 3. Professor Salovery，who invented the term EQ，gives the following description：At work，it is IQ _______ gets you promoted. 4. It wasn’t until 1706 _______ Thomas Twining founded the world’s first dry tea and coffee shop in London. 5. He didn't realize his mistakes until his teacher pointed them out.（改为强调句） 答案速对 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. that 5. It was not until his teacher pointed them out that he realized his mistakes. 核心考点4. 感叹句 1. what引导的感叹句 ①What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ ②What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What lovely children they are! 他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！ 2. how引导的感叹句 ①How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ ②How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ ③How＋主语＋谓语！ How interesting a story it is! ＝What an interesting story it is! 这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！ 对点精练 语法填空 1. (2024 年浙江卷改编）______ magnificent the view from the top of the mountain is! 2. (2023 年新高考 I 卷改编）______ a thrilling experience it is to watch the sunset by the sea! 3. (2022 年全国甲卷改编）______ fascinating the documentary about the ancient civilization 4. (2021 年新高考 II 卷改编）______ great convenience the new technology has brought us! 5. _______a beautiful picture you are showing to us! 答案速对 1. How 2. What 3. How 4. What 5. What 核心考点5. 省略句 省略句是为了避免重复、使句子更简洁明了而省略某些成分的句子结构。 1. 简单句中的省略 1）省略主语和谓语：在对话或上下文明确的情况下，常省略主语和谓语。例如：（I am）Sorry to hear that. 听到那个消息我很遗憾。 2）省略谓语或谓语的一部分：有时只保留句子的主要成分，省略谓语或谓语的一部分。例如：I will do my best if I can （do my best）.如果我能做到，我会尽力的。 3）省略宾语：当宾语在上文已出现或从语境中能明显看出时，可省略。例如：I like reading books and my sister likes （reading books） too. 我喜欢读书，我妹妹也喜欢。 4）省略表语：在一定语境中，表语可省略。例如：Are you ready? Yes, I am （ready）. 你准备好了吗？是的，我准备好了。 2. 并列句中的省略 1）相同部分的省略：在并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分。例如：My father is a doctor and my mother （is） a nurse. 我父亲是医生，我母亲是护士。 2）省略谓语动词：若并列句中两个谓语动词相同，第二个谓语动词可省略。例如：Some went to the park, others （went） to the cinema. 一些人去了公园，另一些人去了电影院。 3. 复合句中的省略 1）宾语从句中的省略：在宾语从句中，引导词 that 在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。例如：I think （that） you are right. 我认为你是对的。 2）定语从句中的省略：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可省略。例如：The book （that/which） I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有趣。） 3）状语从句中的省略：在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中有 be 动词时，可省略从句的主语和 be 动词。例如：When in trouble, I always ask my friends for help. =When （I am） in trouble, I always ask my friends for help. 当我遇到困难时，我总是向我的朋友求助。When walking in the park, I saw a beautiful flower.（=When I was walking in the park, I saw a beautiful flower.）当我在公园散步时，我看到了一朵美丽的花。 When asked about his plans, he said he would travel abroad.（=When he was asked about his plans, he said he would travel abroad.）当被问及他的计划时，他说他会出国旅行。 4. 其他省略情况 1）某些句中短语介词的省略之后仍用doing：be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事；spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事；have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难；prevent/stop...(from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事等。 2）不定式的省略：在一些动词如 hope, want, like 等后，常省略与上文重复的不定式内容，只保留 to。例如：—Will you go to the party? —I'd like to （go to the party）, but I'm too busy.— 你会去参加聚会吗？— 我想去，但我太忙了。 3）比较状语从句中的省略：在比较状语从句中，常省略与主句中相同的部分。例如：He is taller than I （am tall）. 他比我高。 对点精练 1. (2024浙江卷改编) If you are interested in the project, please sign up before Friday. 改为省略句：______ interested in the project, please sign up before Friday. 2. (2023 年新高考 I 卷改编)While I was walking along the river, I saw a group of ducks swimming. 改为省略句：______ along the river, I saw a group of ducks swimming. 3. (2022 年全国甲卷改编)Although he is young, he has a deep understanding of classical music. 改为省略句：______ young, he has a deep understanding of classical music. 4. (2021 年新高考 II 卷改编)When the film is seen from this perspective, it takes on a whole new meaning. 改为省略句：______ from this perspective, the film takes on a whole new meaning. 5. (2021年全国乙卷) And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!（短文改错） 答案速对 1. If 2. While walking 3. Although 4. When seen/Seen 5. hopes 改为hope(省略主语为I) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$