内容正文:
专题14 动词(清单+专练)
目录
★知识点1 动词的分类 2
★知识点2 动词分类详解 2
★知识点3 动词的基本形式 13
★知识点4 短语动词与动词短语 14
★考点和题型 17
★专项过关训练 20
★知识点1 动词的分类
动词是用来描述主语动作或状态的词。动词在句中作谓语,是句子不可缺少的部分,用来说明主语是什么、做什么或处于什么状态。
类别
用法
示例
实义动词
根据动词后是否接宾语
及物动词
一般情况下,其后跟宾语意义才完整,有被动语态。
give
给
invent
发明;
创造
take
拿;取
不及物动词
动词本身意义完整,其后无需跟宾语。如果接宾语,要先接介词或副词,没有被动语态。
come
来
go
去
happen
发生
根据动词动作是否持续
延续性动词
动作可持续,常与for/since等引导的时间状语连用。
study
学习
live
居住
eat
吃
非延续性动词
动作不可持续,在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用;在否定句中与表示时间段的状语连用。
go
去
leave
离开
open
打开
(连)系动词
本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟表语构成系表结构,否则意义不完整。
be
是
feel
感觉
look
看起来
助动词
本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,可用来构成各种时态、 语态、语气以及否定句和疑问句等。
be
do/does
/did
have/has
/had
情态动词
本身有词义,不能单独作谓语,与动词原形连用,构成谓语,一般没有人称和数的变化。
can
能;会
may
可以
must
必须
★知识点2 动词分类详解
一、实义动词
实义动词是指具有完整意义的动词。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词;能直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。根据动词所表示的动作是否可以持续可分为持续性(延续性)动词和终止性(非延续性)动词。
1.及物动词和不及物动词
(1)及物动词(vt.)
能直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。英语中的动词大多数为及物动词。其具体分类如下:
分类
用法
例句
跟单宾语的及物动词
其后只跟一个宾语
I love China.
我爱中国。
跟双宾语的及物动词
可同时跟两个宾语。双宾语中一个宾语指人,称为间接宾语;一个宾语指物,称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。直接宾语提前时,后面需加介词。
Please give me that pen.
=Please give that pen to me.
请把那支笔给我。
跟复合宾语 的及物动词
跟名词作宾语补足语
We call him Xiao Wang.
我们叫他小王。
跟形容词作宾语补足语
Keep the window open.
让窗户开着。
跟介词短语作宾语补足语
I left a case on the train.
跟动名词短语作宾语补足语
Don't keep me waiting.
表达持续的动作或状态。
跟不定式作宾语补足语
My mother asks me to get up early.
我妈妈让我早点起床。
跟现在分词作宾语补足语
Don’t keep your children watching TV all the time.
不要让你的孩子一直在看电视。
跟过去分词作宾语补足语
I must get my bicycle fixed.
我得让人修理一下我的自行车了。
温馨提示:
直接宾语提前时,需要加介词to的及物动词有:give、pass、lend、write、show、send、hand 和bring这8个及物动词,当直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上to。即“vt. +sth.+to+sb.”。可记忆为“七给”一“带”to不少。
(2)不及物动词(vi.)
①概念
本身意义完整,后面不必跟宾语的实义动词,叫作不及物动词(intransitive verb)。例如:
Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨晚的会上发了言。
②常见的不及物动词:
swim
游泳
run
跑
happen
发生
lie
躺
appear
出现
stand
站立
come
来
go
去
cry
哭
sit
坐
stay
停留
rise
升起
apologize
道歉
fall
掉落
exist
存在
live
居住
smile微笑
wait
等待
知识拓展:
兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词.这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
(1)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的.(left作不及物动词)
(2)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手.
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
易错警示:
1.不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语,如果要跟宾语,必须在不及物动词后加上相应的介词或副词。
He arrived at the airport yesterday.他昨天到达了机场。(arrived是不及物动词)
She listened to the music quietly.她安静地听音乐。(listened是不及物动词)
2.英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如 answer、begin/start、close、improve、 learn、leave、prepare、sing. 这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(begin作及物动词)
The news starts at 7p.m.新闻在晚上7点开始。(start为不及物动词)
She started college last year.她去年开始上大学。(start为及物动词)
(3)延续性动词
①概念
延续性动词表示可以持续的动作,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如" for+一段时间”、“since +从句”、“since+时间点”、“how long”等。 例如:
He has lived here for five years.
他住在这儿已经五年了。(延续性动词与“ for+一段时间”连用)
She has been working here since 2010.
她从2010年起就在这里工作了。(延续性动词与"since+时间点”连用)
②常见的延续性动词:
drink
喝
lie
躺
stand
站立
wait
等
read
读
eat
吃
study
学习
wear
穿
keep
保持
play
玩
fly
飞
sing
唱
work
工作
have
有
know
认识
play
玩耍
watch
观看
rain
下雨
learn
学习
live
居住
sleep
睡觉
smoke
抽烟
talk
说话
wait
等待
知识拓展:
1.持续性动词表示一时的动作时,可以在该动词前加get/ begin/come to。
We came to know each other twenty years ago.
我们在二十年前就相识了。
2.终止性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
(4)非延续性动词
①概念
非延续性动词又叫终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示动作是瞬间完成的,是不可持续,不可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
②常见的非延续性动词
die
死亡
begin
开始
buy
买
come
来
arrive
到达
borrow
借
hit
击中
marry
结婚
cause
导致;引起
start
开始
leave
离开
open
打开
close
关闭
break
(使)破;裂
lose
丢失
stop
停止
jump
跳
go
去
知识拓展:
①持续性动词表示一时的动作时,可以在该动词前加get/ begin/come to。
We came to know each other twenty years ago.
我们在二十年前就相识了。
②终止性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
2.系动词
系动词又称连系动词,是连接主语和表语的动词,后面一般跟形容词、名词等,说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身份、变化和结果等。 其详细分类如下:
类别
系动词
示例
状态类
用来表示主语状态,只有be动词(am/is/ are/ was/ were)。
Jenny is a helpful girl.
珍妮是一个乐于助人的女孩。
It was so hot on the slow train.
慢速的火车太热了。
持续类
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, stay, remain, lie等。
She keeps fit by walking after supper every day.
她每天晚饭后通过走路来保持健康。
He always keeps silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
感官类
表示人类感官活动的动词,包括视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉,包括look, smell,sound, taste,feel。
The flower smells good.
花闻起来很香。
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布摸起来很软。
变化类
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
He became mad after that.
自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就富了。
表象类
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有appear, seem, look。
He looks tired.
他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
知识拓展:
become、get、go、come表变化时的区别
①become和get多指人的情绪或身体状态的变化,也用于表示天气的变化或社会的发展变化,两者可以互换。get是口语用得多,get能替代become, become较正式。
②go多指由好到坏的变化,come可以表示向好的方面变化。例句如下:
It's becoming/getting cold
天气正在变冷。
Hearing what he said,the teacher got/became angry.
听到他所说的话,老师生气了。
I hope you will get/become well soon.
我希望你不久能痊愈。
We became got thirsty.
我们渴了。
If you eat such food you’ll get /become fat.
如果你吃那样的食物你会发胖的。
3 .助动词
助动词本身无意义,只是帮助实义动词完成某些语法功能,如表示时态、语态,构成否定句、疑问句等,不能单独作谓语。助动词主要有be、do、have、shall、will等 。
(1)助动词be的用法:
be 用作助动词时,有人称、数和时态等的变化,可与现在分词构成进行时态,与过去分词构成被动语态。be的常见变形和用法如下:
人称
数
现在时态
过去时态
现在分词
过去分词
第一人称
单数
am
was
being
been
复数
are
were
第二人称
单/复数
are
were
第三人称
单数
is
was
复数
are
were
用法
例句
构成现在进行时、过去进行时。
Jane is doing a project about family history.
简正在做一项有关家族史的项目。
构成现在/过去某种时态的被动语态。
The earliest kites were made of wood,instead of paper.
最早的风筝是用木头做的,而不是用纸做的。
知识拓展:
be用作系动词和助动词的区别
1.be作系动词时,后面要接表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征等,句中一般不含有实义动词。
He is ill.他病了。(说明主语的状态)
2.be作助动词时,用来协助主要动词,表示时态、语态、疑问、否定等,句中含有实义动词。
He is singing.他在唱歌。(帮助表示时态)
记忆口诀:
助动词的用法
时态、人称、疑问、否,
be,do,have,will/shall少不了。
现在分词表进行,离开be动事难行。
要想构成完成时,have,had做标志。
一般疑问句,助动词放到句首去。
变否定,也简单,助动词后面加not。
(2) do的用法:
助动词主要帮助实义动词构成否定句和疑问句。有时可以放在谓语动词前面 起强调的作用,还可以代替前面刚出现过的动词以避免重现。do的第三人称单数是does,过去时是did。
用法
示例
构成疑问句
Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?
Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?
构成否定句
Don't judge a book by its cover.不要以貌取人。
I do not want to be criticized.我不想被批评。
表示强调
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
代替上文出现过的词,避免重复
He works harder than you do.他工作比你工作努力。
I like coffee,but my parents don’t.我喜欢喝咖啡,但我的父母不喜欢。
温馨提示:
1.助动词do 帮助实义动词构成 否定句或疑问句,以及对实义动词进行强调时,实义动词一定要用原形。
2.do本身也可作实义动词,这时在疑问句和否定句中仍要加助动词。
What did you do this morning? 你今天早上做什么了?
记忆口诀:
do的用法
实义动词“做”和“干”,
主语“单三”用does。
简略回答可用do,
代替“上述”免重复。
don't加“动原”构否定,
do加陈述、疑问型。
(3)助动have的用法:
助动词have在句中有人称、数和时态的变化,主要是与动词的过去分词构成完成时态。
形式
肯定式
缩略肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
've
have not
haven't,'ve not
第三人称单数
has
's
has not
hasn't,'s not
过去式
had
'd
had not
hadn't,'d not
He has phoned me about your coming.他已经打电话把你要来的事告诉我了。(现在完成时)
I told him I was playing for school team and I had been his fan for years.(过去时和现在完成时)
我告诉他我是学校球队的队员,多年来我一直是他的粉丝。
(4)will、would、shall、should的用法
will、shall用于构成一般将来时,would、should用于构成过去将来时;shall、should主要用于第一人称;will、would可用于所有人称。
肯定式
缩略肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
will
'll
will not
won't,'ll not
would
'd
would not
wouldn't,'d not
shall
'll
shall not
shan't
should
'd
should not
shouldn't
例句:
You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。
They said it would be fine the next day.他们说第二天会好起来的。
When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你?
I thought I should finish the work by Friday.我想我应该在星期五之前完成工作。
4.情态动词
情态动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,需和实义动词或系表结构一起构成谓语,表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点,主要包括揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to 除外);情态动词后必须接动词原形。
(1) 常见的情态动词及其否定式
情态动词
否定式
否定缩略形式
情态动词
否定式
否定缩略形式
can
cannot
can't
could
could not
couldn't
may
may not
might
might not
must
must not
mustn't
shall
shall no
should
should not
shouldn't
will
will not
won't
would
would not
wouldn't
need
need not
needn't
have to
do not have to
don't have to
ought to
ought not to
oughtn't to
dare
dare not
daren't
had better
had better not
d better not
(2)常见的情态动词的用法:
情态动词
含义及用法
示例
can/ could
表示现在的能力,意为“能、会”, could为can的过去式。否定式can't/ couldn't,意为“不能,不会”。
I can cook simple meals.我能做简单的饭。
Sorry,I can’t follow you.Please say it again.
对不起,我不能跟你走。请再说一遍。
表示请求、允许,意为“可以”;当需要委婉表达时用could;回答用can或can't/ cannot。
—Can we eat in the classroom?
我们能在教室里吃饭吗?
—No,we can’t.
不,我们不能。
表示推测,常用于否定句和疑问句中;can't表示否定推测,语气强烈,意为“不可能”。
That can’t be Tom.She has gone abroad.
那不可能是汤姆。她出国了。
must
表示主观语气,有必要或有义务去做某事,表示“必须、一定”。
You must finish the project by Monday.
你必须在周一前完成这个项目。
表示推测,意为“一定是”“准是”,指有根据的、比较有把握的推测。
He must be sleeping now.
他现在一定是在睡觉。
意为“非要、偏要”,表示气恼或愤怒。
Must you waste so much time?
你偏要浪费这么多时间吗?
may
表示请求、许可,用来征求对方的意见,比can 更正式,肯定回答常用can,否定回答用mustn't/can't/ may not。
May I take your order?
你要点单了吗?
表示允许、同意某人做某事,此时可与can互换。
You may come if you wish.
如果你想来,你就来。
表示可能性,意为“也许、可能”。
His answer may be right.
他的回答可能是对的。
表示祝愿,在正式场合或书面语中表示祝愿时,常放在句首。
May you have a good time!
祝你玩得愉快!
might
may的过去式,常用于间接引语中。
She worried that I might be angry.
她担心我可能会生气。
表示请求、许可,语气比may委婉。
He asked if he might go home.
他问他是否可以回家。
表示不确定的推测,意为“可能”,可能性小于may,语气更委婉。
He told me he might be late.
他告诉我他可能会迟到。
need
意为“需要”;否定形式为needn’t,意为“不需要”。以must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答needn’t 或don’t have。
—Must I wash my clothes at once,Mom?
我必须马上洗衣服吗,妈妈?
—No,you needn’t.You may wash them before 5:00 p.m.
不,你不需要。你可以在下午5点前清洗它们。
should
可以表示责任或义务,也可以表示劝诫或建议,意为“应该”。
We should work hard to protect our world.
我们应该努力保护我们的世界。
表示提供或征求建议。
What should I do? 我该怎么办?
Should I trust him? 我应该相信他吗?
表示做某事是正确或明智的,往往表示说话者的观点。
I think the young people should really respect their elders.
我认为年轻人真应当尊敬他们的长辈。
表示征求意见,常用于疑问句。
Should I take my temperature?
我要量体温吗?
ought to
可以表示责任或义务,也可以表示劝诫或建议,意为“应该”。
You ought to be more careful next time.
下次你应该更小心才是。
表示根据一定的依据进行推测,意为“按道理说应该”。
She ought to pass her English exam.
她应该通过英语考试。
shall
用于主语是第一、三人称的疑问句时,表示请求或征求对方意见。
Shall I close the window?It's so cold.
我能关上窗户吗?太冷了。
用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话者的意图、决心、许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。
Those members of our club shall wear uniforms.
我们俱乐部的那些成员都要穿制服。
will/ would
表示请求对方做某事或提出建议和邀请(would比will语气更委婉、客气)
Will you come with us?
你会和我们一起去吗?
表示自愿做或主动提出做某事,如意志、愿望或决心等。
I would like to go to the Tian anmen Square.
我想去天安门广场。
had better
“最好”,表示劝告和建议 。 否定形式h a d better not,“最好不要”。
He had better stay in bed tomorrow.
他最好明天卧床休息。
have to
多表示客观必要,即客观要求(无奈)而为之,意为“不得不”,有人称、数和时态的变化。由have to构成的一般疑问句中,肯定回答用must;否定回答用needn’t 或don’t/ doesn’t have to。
—Dad,must I become a lawyer when I grow up?
爸爸,我长大以后一定要成为一名律师吗?
—No,you don’t to.不,你不必。
dare
用作情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式(dared)。主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中。
She dare not speak in public.
她不敢在公共场合发言。
used to
意为“曾经”,表示过去常常做某事或曾经存在某种状态,used to后跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化;否定形式为usedn’t to或didn’t use to。
I used to go to a university in Chengdu.
我过去在成都的一所大学上学。
shall的口诀助记:
shall二、三人称用,允诺、命令、要求加警告。
shall问句表征询,第一人称用得妙。
need的口诀助记:
need 作情态动词, 此时不常用肯定;
其后直接跟动词, 多用疑问和否定。
need作实义动词,后接名、代、不定式。
need后接动名词,主动形式表被动。
知识拓展:
“needn't have+过去分词” 表示“本不必做但实际上做了某事”。
We had plenty of bread,so I needn't have bought another loaf.
我们有许多面包,因此我本没有必要再买一条。
易混辨析:
need后加 to do说明need为实义动词,需用助动词构成疑问句或否定句;need后加doing 表示被动意义;若need后加do,则need为情态动词。
(3)常见的情态动词辨析
类别
用法
例句
can/could/
be able to的区别
can和could只能用于一般现在时或一般过去时,而be able to可用于各种时态;be able to可与情态动词连用,can则不能。
I could play football very well when I was at school,but now I can't.
我在学校的时候可以踢得很好,但现在我不能了。
can更侧重于表达主语本身就具备的能力,这种能力是内在的、固有的。而be able to则更侧重于描述通过努力或学习后获得的能力,或者是在某个具体条件下才能实现的可能性。
She can sing high notes naturally.
她天生就能唱高音。
After months of practice, he was finally able to play that complex piano piece.
经过几个月的练习,他终于能够弹奏那首复杂的钢琴曲了。
can和could表示能力、允许、许可或推测,但be able to只表示能力。
You can take this seat,if you want.
如果你愿意,你可以坐这个座位。
表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,这时was/were able to相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发前就已经逃离了欧洲。
=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
must和have to的区别
must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而have to则有多种时态形式。
She said (that) she must go with me.
她说她一定要同我一起去。
They have had to buy a car.
他们不得不买了辆小汽车。
must意为“必须”时,表示主观需要或有必要做某事通常着重指说话者的主观看法;而have to表示因环境所迫而做某事,着重于客观需要,意为“不得不”。
It’s late. I have to go now.
时间晚了。我得走了。It’s late. I must go now.
时间很晚了。我必须走了。
must没有人称、数和时态的变化,否定形式mustn’t,意为“不许,禁止”,have to有人称、数和时态的变化,否定形式为don’t/ doesn’t have to,意为“不必”,相当于needn’t。
You mustn’t tell him about it.
你一定不要告诉他这件事。
You don’t have to tell him about it.
你不必告诉他这件事。
need
作实义动词时,主要用于肯定句中,有人称、时态和数的变化,后常接带to的不定式。其否定式和疑问式都要借助助动词do。
He needs some money to buy new clothes.
他需要一些钱来买新衣服。
dare
用作实义动词,有人称、时态和数的变化,意为“敢于”。肯定句中要跟带to的不定式,而在否定句或疑问句中to可要可不要。
I do not dare(to)complain about the hard work.
(=I dare not complain about the hard work.)
我不敢抱怨工作辛苦。
★知识点3 动词的基本形式
英语中动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、现在分词、一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式和过去分词。
1. 动词原形:没有经过任何变形,即在词典词目中所使用的动词形式。如:be, do, have, come等 。
2. 动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
规则
发音规律
示例
一般情况下加-s
在清辅音后读/s/
help→helps
sit→sits坐
在元音音素或浊辅音后读/z/
know→knows知道
play→plays玩
read→reads阅读
以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词,加-es
-es读作/Iz/
pass→passes通过
watch→watches
finish→finishes完成
以字母o结尾的动词加-es
-es读作/z/
do→does做;干
go→goes去;走
以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加-es
-es读作/Iz/
carry→carries携带
study→studies学习
worry→worries担心
口诀助记:
动词有单三,词尾常把-s添。
词尾若是s,ch,sh,直接加上-es。
词尾有字母o上-es不用愁。
辅音字母加y,要把y变i再加-es。
3.规则动词的现在分词变化规则
规则
示例
一般情况下直接加-ing
sleep→sleeping睡觉
buy→buying购买
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing
write→writing写
use→using使用
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音 字母的动词,双写词尾辅音字母后再加-ing
sit→sitting开始
put→putting放
以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加-ing
die→dying死
lie→lying躺
以ee结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see→seeing看见
以w或x结尾的动词,直接加-ing
snow→snowing下雪
3.规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化规则
规则
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
一般情况下,动词原形后加-ed
look
looked
looked
help
helped
helped
work
worked
worked
动词词尾为不发音的字母e,加-d
like
liked
liked
hope
hoped
hoped
live
lived
lived
动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”,变y为i, 再加-ed
try
tried
tried
study
studied
studied
cry
cried
cried
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,则双写该辅音字母后加-ed
plan
planned
planned
stop
stopped
stopped
nod
nodded
nodded
★知识点4 短语动词与动词短语
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组,其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,有些则相当于不及物动词。
(1)动词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必须有宾语,宾语(不管是代词还是名词)只能放在介词后,不能放在动词和介词之间。例如:
①He wants to check with his secretary before he signs the paper.
在签署该项文件之前,他想跟他的秘书商议一下。
②She depends on her family for support. 她依赖家人的支持。
③I dream of becoming a doctor. 我梦想成为一名医生。
④I can't put up with his constant complaining. 我无法忍受他不断的抱怨。
⑤I hear from my mother every month. 我每月都接到母亲的信。
常见的“动词+介词”短语:
look at看
arrive at/in到达
laugh at嘲笑
care about 关心
worry about担心
deal with处理
care for照顾
look after照顾
wait for等候
play with玩;和……一起玩
account for 解释原因
approve of 赞成
believe in相信
hear from收到……的来信
come across 偶然遇见
depend on 依赖于
dream of梦想
knock at/on敲(门、窗等)
think of 想起
play with玩耍
(2)动词+副词:
①及物动词+副词:
相当于及物动词,可以用于被动语态,也可有宾语。如果宾语是名词,既可以放在副词之前,也可以放在副词之后;如果宾语是代词宾格,只能放在动词和副词中间。
常见的“动词+副词”短语:
bring in引进;引来
let in让…进来
put off推迟
hand out分发
find out查明;弄清
give up放弃;辞去
dress up打扮;装饰
hand in递交;上交
bring back拿回
bring up抚养
bring out阐明
point out 指出
Add up合计
Call back回电;收回
Carry on继续;参与
Knock over打翻;撞倒
例句:These are matters that you can bring up in committee.
这些事你可以在委员会上提出。
I must point the mistake out to my sister.
我必须向姐姐指出这个错误。
②不及物动词+副词:
不及物动词加副词,相当于一个不及物动词,这种结构不能用于被动语态,也不能加宾语。
常见的“不及物动词+副词”短语:
break down出故障
come over顺便来访
die away逐渐消失
die out灭绝;消失
break in打断
hurry up赶快
show up到场
pull up停车
warm up暖和起来
break out爆发
get up起床
sit down 坐下
give in让步
show off炫耀
grow up长大
take off起飞
例句:The war broke out in 1868.
1868年战争爆发。
He didn't want to fall behind in his studies.
他不愿意在学习上落后。
After all the recent excitements,all have begun to settle down again.
经过最近这些令人兴奋的事情之后,一切又都平静下来了。
(3)动词+副词+介词:
还有一部分短语动词由三个词构成,即“动词+副词+介词”,介词后跟宾语。例如:
catch up with
赶上
keep away from
远离
end up with
以……告终
come up with
提出;想出(主意等)
get along with
与……相处融洽
keep up with
跟上;不落后
go on with
继续做
get away from
摆脱
run out of
用完
put up with
忍受
keep up with
跟上
look forward to
期待;盼望
例句:He was looked down on because of his humble background.他家世寒微被人看不起。
I don't know how she puts up with him.我不明白她是怎么能容忍他。
You might come up against a bit of opposition.你可能会遭到一点反对。
(4)动词+名词:
这类动词短语中常见的动词有make、take等,短语意义主要取决于后面的名词。
例句: China's first National Ice Sports Games took place in Harbin.
中国首届全国运动会在哈尔滨举行。
(5)动词+名词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,需要接宾语, 大多可以用于被动语态。
常见的“动词+名词+介词”短语:
make friends with与……交友
make use of利用
make fun of 取笑
pay attention to 注意
Come out of由...产生;从……出来
Come up to达到;等于
Put up with忍受;容忍
Look up to尊敬
Face up to勇敢地面对
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take pride in以……为骄傲
例如:
You must pay attention to your pronunciation. 你必须注意你的发音。
→Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.
(6)动词+反身代词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,如果不用反身代词,需用被动语态。
常见的“动词+反身代词+介词”:
dress oneself in(给自己)穿(衣服)
devote yourself to致力于;专心于
lose oneself in埋头于;专心于
★考点和题型
考点1 动词词义辨析
考查题型 单项选择、完形填空
——Dinner is ready. Help yourself, please!
——Wow! It _____________delicious.
A. tastes B.sounds C. turns D. gets
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——晚餐准备好了。请自便!——哇!它尝起来很美味。taste"有……味道”;
sound"听起来”;turn“变成”;get“变得”。空前的“It”指代前文提到的“Dinner",晚餐是尝起来美味,故选A。
步骤一:分析语境,阅读题干,推测空处所缺单词的含义。
步骤二:辨析选项意思,将选项分别代入题干,选择最佳答案。
考点 2 动词短语辨析
考查题型 单项选择、完形填空
(2023·湖北武汉·中考真题) ——Hard to believe. Luke won the school speech contest!
——He used to be shy, but his friends’ support ________ his confidence.
A.took away B.made up C.put away D.built up
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——难以置信。卢克赢得了学校演讲比赛!——他过去很害羞,但朋友们的支持增强考查动词短语。took away带走;made up编造;put away收起来;built up逐步增长。根据“He友的支持逐渐增长了他的自信。故选D。
步骤一:阅读题干,根据上下文的语境推测空处所缺动词短语的意义。
步骤二:辨析选项中动词短语的意思,选出正确的答案。若心中没有明确的答案,将选项分别代入题干,选择意义正确的动词短语。
考点3 动词填空
考法1 词形变化(主要和时态、语态或非谓语 动词相关)
考查题型 单句填空、语篇填空
(2023云南中考)Amy is my best friend. She's always there to be a good .(listen)
【答案】listener
【解析】结合空前的a good可知,空处应填名词单数。根据句意可知,这里表示她是一个很好的倾听者。故填listener。
步骤一:首先判断空处应填的词性,了解动词词形变化的规则。比如:
①动词变名词的情况:空处被形容词、冠词修饰;空处跟在及物动词或介词后作宾语;空处在谓语动词前作主语;
②动词变形容词的情况:空处跟在系动词后作表语;空处在名词前作定语;空处在副词前或后;
步骤二:根据上下文的语境,为题目提供的单词进行变形,写出正确的答案。
考点4 动词短语翻译
考查题型 完成句子(单词或短语翻译)
2023年,人工智能对人们的日常生活产生了这么重大的影响,我们都感到很不可思议。
In 2003, AI ________ people’s daily life that all of us felt unbelievable.
【答案】made such a great difference to/had such a great effect on/had such a great influence on/had such a great impact on
【解析】根据中文意思可知,空缺部分是“对……产生了这么重大的影响”,make a difference to/have
a/an..effect/influence/impact on“对……有影响”,动词短语;such“这么”;形容词great在句中可作定语修饰名词,表示“大的影响”;由语境可知,句子时态为一般过去时。故填made such a great difference to/had such a great effect on/had such a great influence on/had such a great impact on。
步骤一:分析题干,对比所给的中文句子和英语表达,确定空格缺少的内容。
步骤二:翻译所缺内容,考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等问题。
考点5情态动词辨析
考查题型 单项选择、完形填空
(2023·天津·中考)—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow?
—Sorry,I'm afraid I__________.I'll work as a volunteer in my community.
A.can B.can't C.must D.mustn't
【答案】B
【解析】根据答句中的Sorry和“Ill work as a volunteer in my community.”可知,空处应表示“不能”,can't符合语境。故选B。
步骤一:阅读题干,根据句子的意思判断空格需要填入的情态动词的意义。
步骤二:分析选项中情态动词的用法,结合上下文的语境判断选出正确答案。
考 点 6 情态动词填空
考查题型 单句填空、语篇填空
(2024·安徽芜湖·二模)When the zoo had to c________ (取消) the birthday celebrations for the giant pandas due to the bad weather, many visitors felt deeply disappointed.
【答案】(c)ancel
【解析】句意:由于天气恶劣,动物园不得不取消大熊猫的生日庆祝活动,许多游客深感失望。取消:cancel,have to do sth.“不得不做某事”。故填(c)ancel。
步骤一:若词汇未给出,先根据语法判断空处应填情态动词(情态动词后跟动词原形), 根据语境判断空处所需要的词的意义, 选择对应的情态动词;若词汇已给出,可以直接使用步骤二的方法。
步骤二:结合语境判断用情态动词的哪种形式, 并进行恰当地变形。
步骤三:将答案代入语境,再次验证答案是否正确。
★专项过关训练题
考查题型一 单项选择
一、及物动词和不及物动词
(一)及物动词
1.(2024·海南省直辖县级单位·一模)I ________ a new pair of shoes. I need to buy a new shirt instead.
A.don’t need B.needn’t C.don’t need to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我不需要一双新鞋,而我需要买一件新衬衫。考查动词need的用法。need可作实义动词,也可作情态动词,都是“需要”的意思。第一句为“主+谓+宾”结构的句子,此处需要动词作谓语,而选项B中的need为情态动词,情态动词不能单独作谓语,因此排除选项B;选项A和C中的need均为实义动词,但选项C是“need to do sth需要做某事”这一句型的具体用法,其中to后面须接动词原形,而横线后紧接的是冠词“a”,由此排除选项C。故选A。
2.(2023·四川凉山·模拟预测)—When did you reach ________ Xichang?
—We got there ________ the evening of this Saturday.
A.in; in B.不填; in C.不填; on
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你什么时候到西昌的?——我们是在这个星期六晚上拿到的。考查介词辨析。in在……里;on用于具体一天。reach是及物动词,因此reach后可直接加地点,表示“到达某地”,第一空不填;根据“ the evening of this Saturday”可知,此处指具体的一天,on符合句意。故选C。
3.(2022·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “I often borrow some books from the library.”?
A.often B.borrow C.from D.library
【答案】B
【解析】句意:下列句子“我经常从图书馆里借书。”中哪个部分是动词?考查动词。often经常,副词;borrow借,动词;from来自,介词;library图书馆,名词。分析句子结构可知borrow为及物动词,在句中作谓语。故选B。
4.I bought my mother some flowers on Mother's Day.
A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.表语 D.状语
【答案】B
【解析】句意:母亲节我给我的妈妈买了一些花。考查句子成分。分析句子可知,此处构成“buy sb sth”结构,划线部分my mother指人,用于句中作间接宾语。故选B。
5.The woman ________ two pairs of shoes to try on.
A.showed me B.showed for me C.showed to D.showed to me
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个女人给我拿了两双鞋让我试穿。考查动词短语。show sb sth或show sth to sb给某人出示某物。show是及物动词,后面直接跟某人或某物作宾语。故选A。
6.—Your new pants look cool.
—Thanks. My dad ________.
A.buy it for me B.buys them for me C.buys me them
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你的新裤子看起来很酷。——谢谢。我爸爸买给我的。考查主谓一致、动词时态及动词短语。根据“look”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语My dad是第三人称单数,谓语动词用其单三形式,排除A选项。pants表复数,应用代词them指代。buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.“给某人买某物”,当直接宾语是人称代词宾格时,只能用buy them for me。故选B。
7.Sometimes we change ice into liquid. We ________ water.
A.call it B.call C.are call it D.called
【答案】A
【解析】句意:有时候我们把冰变成了液体,我们把它叫做水。考查谓语动词。此句陈述事实应用一般现在时,排除D;be动词are后接现在分词calling,排除C;call需接复合宾语,排除B。故选A。
8.Nowadays many parents make their children ________ all kinds of skills.
A.study B.studies C.studying D.to study
【答案】A
【解析】句意:现在许多父母让孩子学习各种技能。考查动词短语。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,是固定短语,空格处应用动词原形study,故选A。
(二)不及物动词
1.(2024·四川泸州·一模)— Is there ________ with your eyes? They’re red.
— Nothing ________ happened, I just couldn’t sleep well last night.
A.something wrong; is B.anything wrong; has
C.anything wrong; is D.something wrong; has
【答案】B
【解析】】句意:——你的眼睛有什么问题吗?它们是红色的。——没有什么事,我只是昨晚没能睡好。
考查不定代词和不及物动词。第一空something用于肯定句,在一般疑问句中用anything,排除选项A和D;第二空happen“发生”是不及物动词,没有被动语态,排除选项C。故选B。
2.—A long journey can be covered only by taking one step at a time.
—I agree. All small thing can ________ and become big things.
A.add up B.set up C.show up D.get up
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——一段长的旅行只能是一次一步的完成。——我同意。所有的小事情可以加在一起变成大事情。考查动词词义辨析。add up加起来;set up建立;show up出现;get up起床。根据句意可知是小事情加起来变成大事情,故选A。
3.I think the room is too small for us ________.
A.to live B.living in C.to live in D.live in
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我认为这个房间太小了不适合我们居住。考查非谓语动词。too…to…意为“太……而不能……”,为固定句型,live为不及物动词,介词in不能省略;故选C。
4.(2022·江苏无锡·一模)—Mark’s car ________ a cloud of dust as he drove off.
—That’s why we dislike him.
A.raised B.rose C.was raised D.was raising
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——马克开车走时,他的车扬起了一阵尘土。——这就是我们不喜欢他的原因。考查动词以及时态。raise升起,及物动词;rise上升,不及物动词。此空后接宾语a cloud of dust,此空应填一个及物动词。根据“drove”可知,句子是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选A。
(三)其他及物动词
1. ——I’ll ________ Beijing for a meeting tomorrow. When I get there, I will call you.
——When will you ________ home? I want to take you to the airport.
A.leave for; leave for B.leave for; leave C.leave; leave for D.1eave; leave
【答案】B
【解析】句意:—我明天将前往北京开会。当我到了那里,我将会给你打电话。—你将在什么时候离开家?我想送你去机场。考查动词和动词短语。leave for出发去(某地);eave离开(某地)。根据“I'll...Beijing for a meeting”可知,此处是指前往北京开会,第一空应用leave for;根据“When will you..home”可知,此处是指离开家,第二空用leave。故选B。
2.All the flowers have come out. The sweet smell ________ the whole room and makes me comfortable.
A.rushes B.fills C.covers D.spreads
【答案】B
【解析】句意:所有的花都开了。整个房间充满了甜蜜的气味,使我感到很舒服。考查动词词义辨析。rushes急促,冲进;fills充满;covers覆盖;spreads扩散。根据上文“All the flowers have come out.”可知花的香味充满了整个房间。而“the whole room”从语意上不能做“spreads”的宾语,不能说“传播房间”,故选B。
3.A few days ago, a director performed a break dance for students to ________ some of their pressures.
A.remind B.refuse C.require D.reduce
【答案】D
【解析】句意:几天前,一个主任表演了一段霹雳舞让学生减少他们的压力。考查动词词义辨析。remind提醒;refuse拒绝;require要求;reduce减少。根据“a director performed a break dance...some of their pressures.”可知此处是指减少压力,故选D。
二、系动词
(一)be动词
1.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school.
A.is B.are C.have D.were
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们学校每学期有一次家长会和读书日。考查主谓一致。is用于一般现在时,修饰名词单数形式;are用于一般现在时,修饰名词复数形式;have有,用于一般现在时;were用于一般过去时,修饰名词复数形式。分析题干,该句为“there be”句型,应遵循“就近原则”,即be动词的形式由离它最近的名词来确定,“a parents’ meeting一次家长会”为名词单数形式,be动词应用is。故选A。
2.(2024·河北唐山·二模)My English ________ really poor before my teacher helped me.
A.is B.was C.has been D.will be
【答案】B
【知识点】be动词、过去发生的动作/状态
【解析】句意:在老师帮助我之前,我的英语真的很差。考查动词时态。结合“helped”可知时态为一般过去时,动词应用过去式。故选B。
3.(2024·四川广元·二模)Things have changed. Nearly two thirds of the land in Guangyuan _________ covered by forests now.
A.is B.are C.were D.was
【答案】A
【解析】句意:事情已经改变了,广元现在有将近三分之二的土地被森林覆盖。考查主谓一致。由now可知时态是一般现在时,且“分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数由名词决定,即由land决定,land是不可数名词,be动词用is。故选A。
4.(2024·陕西西安·三模)—I will not go to the party unless I ________ invited.
—________ will I.
A.am; So B.am not; So C.am; Neither D.am not; Neither
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——除非我被邀请,否则我不会去参加聚会。——我也不会。考查条件句及倒装句。根据“I will not go to the party unless I…invited.”的句意可知,此处指除非我被邀请,否则我不会去参加聚会,所以第一个空应用am;根据“I will not go to the party unless I…invited.”可知,第二个空所在句表否定含义,表示我也不会,所以应用neither。故选C。
(二)感官动词
1.(2024·上海崇明·二模)Being outside on a sunny day with your friends can always make you feel _________.
A.happiness B.more happily C.happily D.happy
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在阳光明媚的日子里和朋友外出总是能让你感到快乐。考查感官动词用法。happiness快乐,名词;more happily副词比较级;happily副词;happy形容词。设空处位于感官动词feel后,应选填形容词作表语。故选D。
2.(2024·天津滨海新·一模)—Do you like swimming in winter?
—Of course. The water ________ cold at first. But then I am warm and full of energy.
A.smells B.feels C.sounds D.tastes
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你喜欢在冬天游泳吗?——当然。水刚开始感觉很冷。但接着我就暖和并且充满活力。
考查感官动词辨析。smells闻;feels感觉;sounds(使)发出声音;tastes尝。根据“Do you like swimming in winter?”和“The water...cold at first.”可知,冬天游泳,刚开始水会感觉很冷,feels“感觉”符合语境。故选B。
3.(2024·广西·中考真题)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen?
—It ________ really good. I’d like to drink more.
A.tastes B.feels C.sounds
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——海伦,你觉得鸡汤怎么样?——味道真的很好。我想多喝点。考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;feels感觉;sounds听起来。根据“It ... really good. I’d like to drink more.”可知,鸡汤尝起来味道很好,故选A。
4.(2024·江苏无锡·三模)—Welcome to our dinner party. Help yourself to some food, Lucy.
—Thanks. It ________ delicious. I want more.
A.tastes B.looks C.smells D.feels
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——露西,欢迎参加我们的晚宴。请随便吃吧。——谢谢。真好吃呀。我得多吃点。考查感官动词辨析。tastes尝起来;looks看起来;smells闻起来;feels摸起来。根据“delicious”可知,应该是食物吃起来很美味。故选A。
三、助动词
(一)助动词be
1.(2022·天津和平·三模)Nowadays, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners. I’m really proud of it.
A.are spoken B.is spoken C.spoke D.has spoken
【答案】B
【解析】句意:现在,越来越多的外国人说汉语。我真的为此感到骄傲。考查被动语态和主谓一致。此处“Chinese”表示“汉语,中文”,与speak“说”是被动关系,根据“Nowadays”可知,用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+done,排除C和D;“Chinese”是第三人称单数,be动词用is。故选B。
2.—Nancy, whose ________ the beautiful coat hanging over there?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A.do B.does C.are D.is
【答案】D
【解析】句意:南希,挂在那边的漂亮外套是谁的?-对不起,我不知道。考查助动词。A. do(用于一般现在时含有实意动词的句子;除了主语是单数第三人称外) B. does(用于一般现在时含有实意动词的句子,主语是单数第三人称) C. are(用于一般现在时含有be动词的句子;主语是第二人称单复数,第一、三人称复数) D. is(用于一般现在时含有be动词的句子,主语是单数第三人称);句中不含实意动词,排除A、B;句子的主语the beautiful coat是单数,故选D。
3.(2022·福建南平·模拟预测)Lots of people ________ their best to keep our country safe in a war against COVID-19.
A.is doing B.are doing C.were doing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在抗击新型冠状病毒疾病的战争中,许多人正在尽最大努力确保我们国家的安全。
考查动词时态。根据主语“lots of people”可知,主语为复数名词,助动词应为复数,排除A;根据语境可知,抗击病毒的动作正在进行中,应用现在进行时,排除C。故选B。
(二)助动词do
1.(2024·上海宝山·一模)John is not a good team player. He rarely shares opinions with his teammates, ________ he?
A.is B.isn’t C.does D.doesn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:约翰不是一个好的团队合作者。他很少和队友分享意见,是吗?考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循前肯后否,前否后肯,陈述部分中含有否定意义的词rarely,故疑问部分用肯定,根据“shares...”可知疑问部分借助助动词does。故选C。
2.(2023·四川成都·模拟预测)Thomas speaks English much better than he ________ five years ago.
A.is B.did C.has
【答案】B
【解析】句意:托马斯的英语说得比五年前好多了。考查谓语动词的时态。than引导比较状语从句,根据“five years ago”可知,从句用一般过去时,空处填did,指的是“spoke English”。故选B。
3.(2022·江苏苏州·一模)________ not only Simon’ s car but also his friends’ cars ________ last night?
A.Did; break down B.Was; broke down C.Is; broke down D.Were; break down
【答案】A
【解析】句意:昨晚不仅西蒙的车,而且他朋友的车也抛锚了吗?考查助动词的用法和一般过去时的一般疑问句。did做,干,办某事,助动词(do的过去式);break down(机器或车辆)发生故障,出毛病,break的过去式为broke;is 是,be动词的第三人称单数现在时形式;was是,be的第一和第三人称单数过去式;were是,be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式;break down是实义动词短语,根据时间状语“last night”可知,句子应是一般过去时,动词是实义动词,故疑问句的助动词应是did,同时句子变疑问,动词要恢复原形。故选A。
(三)助动词have
1.(2023·天津·二模)—________ you ever ________ any prizes in a speaking competition before?
—No, I haven’t.
A.Do; win B.Did; win C.Will; win D.Have; won
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你以前在演讲比赛中拿过奖吗?——不,我没有。考查一般疑问句。根据答语“No, I haven’t.”可知,本句是现在完成时,用助动词have提问,谓语动词用过去分词,故选D。
2.(23-24九年级上·福建泉州·期末)—I have lived in the town for several years.
—________. And I know it well.
A.So have I B.So do I C.So I am
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我在这个镇上住了好几年了。——我也是。我很了解它。部分倒装。So have I我也一样;So do I我也一样;So I am 确实如此。根据“And I know it well”可知,我也在这个镇上住了好多年了,原句含助动词have,答语也用have。故选A。
(四)助动词will/would/shall/should
1.(23-24七年级上·天津红桥·期末)— Shall we ________ shopping?
— Yes, let’s go.
A.to go B.go C.is going D.going
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我们去购物好吗?——好的,让我们一起去吧。考查情态动词shall的用法。shall在疑问句常中用于征求对方意见时,主要用于第一人称(在英国英语中也可用于第三人称) ,其意为“要不要”、“……好吗?”,shall后加动词原形。故选B。
2.(23-24八年级上·河北邢台·期末)— ________ we go at 10:00?
—What about ________ it a little earlier?
A.Shall; making B.Shall; to make
C.Will; making D.Will; to make
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我们要10点去吗? ——稍早一点怎么样?考查助动词和非谓语动词。Shall将要,用于第一人称;Will将要,用于第二、三人称;making做出(决定),动名词或现在分词;to make做出(决定),动词不定式。根据“…we go at 10:00?”可知,此处是表达征求意见的句子,应用句型Shall we do sth.,意为“我们……好吗?”,所以第一空用shall;第二空,根据空前介词about可知,此处用动名词making作宾语。故选A。
3.(22-23八年级上·四川广元·期末)—We are looking forward to ________ Mr Green to give us a talk. Can he come?
—I hope he ________ make it. He is ready to help young students.
A.invite; must B.invite; will C.inviting; must D.inviting; will
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我们期望邀请格林先生来给我们做个演讲。他能来吗?——我希望他会来。他乐意帮助年轻的学生。考查非谓语动词和助动词用法。look forward to doing sth“期望做某事”,因此第一空填inviting;根据“I hope”可知,是希望他会来,must表示“必须”,语气强烈,此处语境不符合,will“会”符合语境。故选D。
四、情态动词
(一)can
★can表示能力/能够
1.(2024·北京石景山·二模)John is good at languages. He _______ speak Chinese, English and French.
A.could B.can C.would D.must
【答案】B
【解析】句意:约翰擅长语言。他会说中文、英语和法语。考查情态动词。could能;can可以;would将;must必须。根据“John is good at languages. He...speak Chinese, English and French.”可知,句子为一般现在时,此处指的是“他能说”,应用can,故选B。
2.(2024·江苏连云港·二模)I’m surprised to know that camels ________ live without water for a long time.
A.can B.shall C.must D.need
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我很惊讶地知道骆驼可以在没有水的情况下存活很长时间。考查情态动词。can能;shall应该;must必须;need需要。根据“I’m surprised to know that camels…live without water for a long time.”的句意可知是没有水可以存活很久,此处表示能力。故选A。
3.(2024·江苏常州·三模)—The poem is written ________ an ancient style.
—Do you mean that very few people ________ understand it?
A.by; may B.for; can’t C.with; mustn’t D.in; can
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——这首诗是用古代风格写的。——你的意思是很少有人能理解它?考查介词辨析和情态动词。by通过;for为了;with和;in用;may可能;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;can能够。根据“The poem is written ... an ancient style.”可知,是指用古代风格写的,用介词in;根据“very few people ... understand it”及上句可知,是指古代风格写的诗很少有人能理解,用can表示“能够”。故选D。
★can表示请求/许可
1.(2024·北京平谷·二模)—________ you give me some suggestions on learning Chinese, Lin Tao?
—Of course, I can.
A.Need B.Can C.May D.Must
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——林涛,你能给我一些学习汉语的建议吗?——当然,我可以。考查情态动词。Need需要;Can能够;May可以;Must必须。根据“Of course, I can.”可知,此处表示请求允许,应用can,故选B。
2.(2024·北京朝阳·二模)—Can I use your computer, Lily? Mine doesn’t work.
—Of course, you ________.
A.can B.need C.must D.should
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——莉莉,我可以用一下你的电脑吗?我的坏了。——当然可以。考查情态动词。can可以;need需要;must必须;should应该。根据“Can I use your computer,”以及“Of course,”可知,应说你可以。故选A。
3.(2024·北京西城·二模)—Mum, may I go to the cinema this Saturday?
—Of course you ________, but finish your homework first.
A.must B.can C.should D.might
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——妈妈,这个星期六我可以去看电影吗?——你当然可以,但要先把作业做完。考查情态动词。must必须;can可以;should应该;might可能。根据“but finish your homework first.”可知,设空处说的是你 “可以” 去看电影。故选B。
★can表示推测
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)— Look! Mr. Su is taking photos of his students.
— It ______ be him. He has gone abroad for study.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——看!苏先生正在给他的学生们拍照片。——这不可能是他。他已经出国学习去了。
考查情态动词。must必须;mustn’t禁止;can能够;can’t不能。根据“He has gone abroad for study.”可知,此处表示否定推测,应用can’t,故选D。
2.(2024·江苏镇江·二模)—Who has eaten up my “Tianshui Malatang”?
—I don’t know, but it ______ be Tom. He doesn’t like such food at all.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——谁把我的“天水麻辣烫”吃了?——我不知道,但不会是汤姆。他一点也不喜欢这样的食物。考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;can’t不会;needn’t不需要。由“He doesn’t like such food at all”可知,此处指不会是Tom。故选C。
3.(2024·四川成都·三模)—Is that girl Kate?
—It __________ be her. She hasn’t been back from Shanghai so far.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——那个女孩是凯特吗?——不可能是她。到目前为止她还没有从上海回来。考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必。根据“She hasn’t been back from Shanghai so far.”可知,她还没有从上海回来,所以那个女孩不可能是她,此处应用can’t表示有把握的否定推测。故选A。
(二)could
★could表示能力/能够
1.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——有些人一开始并没有展示出他们的才能。——我同意。甚至爱因斯坦要等到7岁才会阅读。考查动词辨析。can’t不能;mustn’t不行,不可以;couldn’t不能,表示过去的能力。根据“until he was seven”可知此处表示过去的能力,用couldn’t。故选C。
2.(2024·新疆克孜勒苏·一模)Jenny finally got the job because she ________ speak English well.
A.might B.must C.could D.need
【答案】C
【解析】句意:珍妮终于得到了那份工作,因为她英语说得很好。考查情态动词。might可能;must必须;could能,会;need需要。根据“...speak English well”可知,此处表示她具有讲好英语的能力,故选C。
3.(24-25九年级上·吉林长春·期末)Ma Lili _________ read newspapers on her own when she was six.
A.must B.need C.could D.may
【答案】C
【解析】句意:马丽丽六岁的时候就能独自看报纸了。考查情态动词。must必须;need需要;could能;may也许。根据句意可知,此处表示能力,用could。故选C。
4.(2022·湖北武汉·中考真题)During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A.is found B.has been found C.will be found D.could be found
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在唐朝,在长安的街道上几乎可以找到世界上所有的东西。考查时态和语态。主语“nearly everything produced in the world”与动词find之间是动宾关系,此处表示能够被找到,结合“During the Tang dynasty”可知用过去式could表示“能够”,此处是含情态动词的被动语态,用could be found。故选D。
★could表示委婉语气
1.(2024·北京东城·二模)—Lucy, _______ you come over to my house and work on our project together?
—Yes, I would be happy to.
A.must B.should C.could D.need
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——露西,你能来我家一起做我们的项目吗?——好的,我很乐意。考查情态动词。must必须;should应该;could能够;need需要。根据“...you come over to my house and work on our project together?”可知,此处表示委婉的请求,应用could,故选C。
2.(2024·北京丰台·二模)—________ you pass the book to me?
—No problem.
A.Could B.Should C.Must D.Need
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你能把书递给我吗?——没问题。 考查情态动词辨析。Could能够,表示委婉语气;Should应该;Must必须;Need需要。结合对话情景可知,此处是请求对方是否能把书递过来,对方欣然同意,所以这里用情态动词could,表示比较委婉客气地提出问题。故选A。
3.(2024·北京海淀·二模)—Excuse me, ________ you please tell me where the nearest bus stop is?
—Sure. Turn right at the first crossing. It’s on your right.
A.must B.could C.should D.need
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——对不起,你能告诉我最近的公交车站在哪里吗?——当然。第一个路口右转。车站就在你的右手边。考查情态动词辨析。must必须;could能;should应该;need需要。根据“Excuse me,...you please tell me where the nearest bus stop is?”可知,这是在问路,应用could表示委婉的请求。故选B。
★could表示推测
1.(2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测)—I called you last night at 9:30 and I believed you ________ be at home because no one answered the phone.
—Sorry, I ________ at that time.
A.mustn’t; would have been sleeping B.couldn’t; should have slept
C.couldn’t; must have been sleeping D.might not; need have been slept
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我昨晚9:30打电话给你,我相信你不可能在家,因为没有人接电话。 ——对不起,我当时一定在睡觉。 考查否定的推测和现在完成进行时。根据“because no one answered the phone.”可知,这里应该是否定的推测,用couldn’t be;第二个空是对系动词be的完成时态事情的肯定性很大的推测,我那时候一定是睡着了,be sleeping睡着了,是一种睡着的状态,应该用现在完成进行时,即:have been sleeping。故选C。
2.The witness told the judge Tony ______ the thief who broke into the villa, because they were watching a movie together ______ that dark night.
A.couldn’t be; on B.must be; on C.couldn’t be; in D.may be; in
【答案】A
【解析】句意:目击者告诉法官,托尼不可能是那个闯进别墅的贼,因为他们在那个漆黑的夜晚正在一起看电影。couldn't不可能,表示有把握的推测;must一定,有把握的推测;may可能,没有把握的推测。根据because they were watching a movie together ______ that dark night.可知此处表示托尼和他们一起看电影,因此有把握的推测他不可能是那个贼,故用couldn’t。当night有形容词修饰,故用on修饰,表示在一个…….的夜晚,故选A。
★must表示推测、could表示推测
(2023·江西抚州·一模)—There is someone knocking on the door. I wonder who it ________ be.
—It ________ be Frank. He phoned to tell me he would come to our home soon.
A.must; must B.could; must C.might; can’t D.might; mustn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——有人在敲门。我想知道是谁。——一定是弗兰克。他打电话告诉我他很快就会来我们家。考查情态动词。must一定;could可能;might可能;can’t不可能;mustn’t禁止。根据“There is someone knocking on the door. I wonder who it...be.”可知,空格处要填表推测的情态动词,表示可能,故填could或might;根据“He phoned to tell me he would come to our home soon.”可知,空格处要填must表示肯定推测。故选B。
(三)may
★must否定表示禁止、may表示请求/许可
1.(2024·江苏盐城·二模)According to the traffic rules, children under the age of sixteen ________ e-bikes on the road.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.may not D.might not
【答案】A
【解析】句意:根据交通规则,16岁以下的孩子不准在路上骑电动自行车。
考查情态动词。mustn’t不准;needn’t不必;may not可能不;might not可能不。根据“According to the traffic rules”可知后半句是法规规定不准骑电动自行车,故选A。
2.(2023·江苏镇江·二模)—May I sleep with my pet dog, Mum?
—No, you ________, my dear. It is bad for your health.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我可以和我的宠物狗一起睡吗?——不,不行,我亲爱的。这对你的健康有害。
考查情态动词辨析。shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t禁止,不允许;needn’t不必;won’t将不。may引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用can’t或mustn’t,故选B。
★may表示请求/许可
1.(2024·上海杨浦·三模)—Mum, Jerry asked me to watch the ball game after school. Can I go along?
—You _______, but be sure to get home before 10 o’clock.
A.should B.would C.must D.may
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——妈妈,杰瑞叫我放学后去看球赛。我可以一起去吗?——你可以,但一定要在十点钟以前到家。考查情态动词。should应该;would将会;must一定,必须;may可以。根据“You..., but be sure to get home before 10 o’clock.”可知,此处指可以去看球赛,但一定要准时回家,应用may表示许可。故选D。
2.(2023·上海浦东新·一模)I’d like to make something special for dinner. ______ I borrow your cookery book?
A.Should B.Must C.Need D.May
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我想做点特别的晚餐。我可以借你的烹饪书吗?考查情态动词辨析。Should应该;Must必须;Need需要;May可以(征求同意或表示允许)。此处表示征求许可,使用May,故选D。
★may表示推测
1.(2024·天津和平·三模)If we don’t protect the animals in danger, we __________ lose them all one day.
A.should B.may C.needn’t D.can’t
【答案】B
【解析】【详解】句意:如果我们不保护处于危险中的动物,有一天我们可能会失去它们。考查情态动词辨析。should应该;may可能;needn’t不需要;can’t不能。根据“If we don’t protect the animals in danger, we…lose them all one day.”可知,此处指的是“有一天我们可能会失去它们”,表示推测,因此此处用may。故选B。
2.(2024·江苏泰州·三模)—Samel, which topic will you choose for your speech?
—Uh… I ______ choose “My Sweet Memory”. I have to ask Miss Li for advice first, and then make a decision.
A.must B.may
C.can D.should
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——Samel,你演讲的主题是什么?——唔,我可能会选“我甜蜜的回忆”。我得先征求李老师的意见,然后再做决定。考查情态动词。must必须;may可能;can能够;should应该。根据“I have to ask Miss Li for advice first, and then make a decision.”可知,自己不确定会选什么主题,应用may表示可能的推测,故选B。
3.(2024·江苏南通·二模)—Have you taken the MBTI test to know your personality type?
—Not yet. I ________ be an “E” person because I love sharing my thoughts, but I’m not so sure.
A.may B.must C.need to D.ought to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你做过MBTI测试来了解你的性格类型吗?——还没有,我可能是一个“E”型的人,因为我喜欢分享我的想法,但我不确定。考查情态动词辨析。may可能;must必须;need to需要;ought to应该。根据“but I’m not so sure”可知,回答者并不确定自己的性格类型,因此只能作一个推测,所以应该用“may”表推测,故选A。
(四)情态动词后接动词原形
1.May everything ______ well with you all.
A.went B.go C.goes
【答案】B
【解析】句意:祝你们一切顺利。考查情态动词后接动词原形。went 一般过去式;go一般现在时、原形; goes一般现在时、单三形式;此处在情态动词may后面,判断填动词原形。故选B。
2.May all your wishes _________ true.
A.come B.comes C.to come D.coming
【答案】A
【解析】句意:愿你心想事成。考查情态动词用法。may在此处是情态动词,意为“但愿”,后接动词原形,常见搭配may sb. do sth.。故选A。
(五)might
★might、情态动词辨析
1.(2024·天津河东·二模)—Lucy, I’ve signed for a big box by Express. What’s in it?
—I’m not sure. It ______ be a present from my brother.
A.might B.must C.should D.will
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——露西,我已经签收了一个快递大箱子。里面有什么?——我不确定。可能是我哥哥送我的礼物。考查情态动词辨析。might可能,用于肯定句中表示把握不大的推测;must一定,表肯定推测;should应该;will将,表意愿。根据上文“I’m not sure”可知,此处表示不确定推测,空处的情态动词应用might。故选A。
2.(2024·江苏南京·二模)We never know what _______ happen in the future, but we can prepare for the worst and hope for the best.
A.must B.might C.shall D.should
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们永远不知道未来会发生什么,但我们可以做最坏的打算,抱最好的希望。考查情态动词辨析。must必须;might可能;shall将会;should应该。根据“We never know what … happen in the future”可知,what引导宾语从句,时态为一般将来时,此处使用might,表示“没有把握的推测”。故选B。
3.(2024·四川成都·二模)—Whose pencil case is this?
—It ________ be Helen’s. It seems she has one like this, but I can’t remember clearly.
A.might B.should C.must
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——这是谁的铅笔盒?——可能是海伦的。她好像有一个这样的,但我记得不太清楚了。
考查情态动词。might表示可能,表不确定;should表示应该;must表示一定,表肯定推测。根据“It seems she has one like this, but I can’t remember clearly.”可知,此处表示不确定,表达“可能”。故选A。
★must表示必须
1.(2024·北京房山·二模)When you cross the street, you ________ stop at the red light.
A.can B.could C.may D.must
【答案】D
【解析】句意:当你过马路时,你必须在红灯时停下来。考查动词辨析。can可以;could能;may也许;must必须。根据“When you cross the street, you ... stop at the red light.”可知,过马路时必须在红灯时停下来。故选D。
2.(2024·江苏泰州·三模)Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep a balance, you ________ keep moving.
A.must B.can C.can’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意:生活就像骑自行车。为了保持平衡,你必须保持前行。考查情态动词。must必须;can能;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止。根据“To keep a balance, you…keep moving.”可知,应该说为了保持平衡,你“必须”保持前行。故选A。
3.(2024·江苏淮安·二模)— Must I return this book to you right now, Millie?
— No, you ________. You may keep it until next Friday.
A.mustn’t B.won’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——米莉,我必须现在就把这本书还给你吗?——不,你不需要。你可以借到下星期五。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;won’t不会;needn’t不必;wouldn’t不会。根据“Must I return this book to you right now, Millie?”和“No”可知,对于含情态动词must的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。故选C。
★must否定表示禁止
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)If we drink wine at meals, we ________ drive cars.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.wouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果我们吃饭时喝酒,我们就不能开车。考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;wouldn’t不会。根据“If we drink wine at meals, we…drive cars.”可知,酒后禁止开车,此处应填mustn’t“禁止”。故选B。
2.(2024·江苏泰州·二模)—I’ve told you many times you _________ run the red light. The cars may hit you.
—Sorry, I won’t do it again.
A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.couldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我已经告诉你很多次了,你不能闯红灯。汽车可能会撞到你。——对不起,我不会再这样做了。考查情态动词。wouldn’t将不;mustn’t禁止;couldn’t不能;needn’t不必。根据“I’ve told you many times you...run the red light”可知是禁止闯红灯,此处表示“禁止”,应用mustn’t。故选B。
3.(2024·江苏常州·二模)— Sir, may I park my car here?
— Sorry, look at the sign. You ________ park your car here.
A.couldn’t B.may C.mustn’t D.needn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——先生,我可以把车停在这里吗?——抱歉,看看那个标志。你不可以在这里停车。考查情态动词。couldn’t不能;may可以;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要。根据“Sorry, look at the sign.”可知,此标志表示禁止停车。故选C。
★must表示推测
1.(2024·天津武清·三模)David ________ be happy because our teacher praised his great progress.
A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意:大卫一定很高兴,因为我们的老师表扬了他的巨大进步。考查情态动词。must一定;can能;mustn’t禁止;can’t不能。根据“because our teacher praised his great progress.”可知老师表扬了他的巨大进步,所以他一定很开心。故选A。
2.(2024·江苏连云港·三模)—Whose comic book is it?
—It ________ be Daniel’s. Look! His name is written on it.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.must D.can
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——它是谁的漫画书?——它一定是丹尼尔的。看!上面有他的名字。考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能;must一定,表示有把握的推测;can可能。根据“His name is written on it”可知,书的上面有丹尼尔的名字,此处表示有把握的肯定推测,这本书一定是丹尼尔的,用must,故选C。
3.(2024·四川成都·二模)Peter’s schoolbag is here. He ________ be in the classroom and prepare for his speech.
A.must B.might C.could
【答案】A
【解析】句意:彼得的书包在这里。他一定在教室里准备他的演讲。考查情态动词。must一定;might可能;could可能。根据“Peter’s schoolbag is here”可知,彼得的书包在这里,说明他一定在教室里准备他的演讲,此处表示很有把握的推测,应用must。故选A。
★must表示“偏要,非得”
1.(2024·江苏无锡·一模)Everyone can be different from another, why ________ we all be the same?
A.must B.can C.should D.may
【答案】A
【解析】句意:每个人都可以不同,为什么我们都非得一样?考查情态动词。must必须,非得;can能;should应该;may可能。根据“Everyone can be different from another, why...we all be the same”可知每个人都不一样,为什么我们非得要一样。故选A。
2.(2024·江苏无锡·三模)Oh, come on, Zack! ________ you talk to me like that? I’m your mother after all.
A.Can’t B.Can C.Mustn’t D.Must
【答案】D
【解析】句意:拜托,扎克!你非得这样跟我说话吗?我终究是你妈啊。考查情态动词。Can’t不能;Can可以;Mustn’t不准;Must非得,偏要。根据“you talk to me like that? I’m your mother after all”可知,此处是抱怨的语气,故应用must。故选D。
3.(23-24九年级上·江苏无锡·期末)_________ you make so much noise? Be quiet!
A.Can B.Might C.Need D.Must
【答案】D
【解析】句意:你非得制造那么大噪音吗?安静!考查情态动词。can能;might可能;need需要;must必须,非要。根据“you make so much noise? Be quiet”可知此处质问对方非得制造那么大噪音吗。故选D。
(六)should
★should表示建议
1.(2024·北京昌平·二模)You ________ run on the busy road. It’s dangerous!
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.won’t D.wouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:你不应该在繁忙的路上跑步。这是很危险的!考查情态动词。needn’t 不需要;shouldn’t 不应该;won’t 将不;wouldn’t 将不。根据“It’s dangerous!”可知,在繁忙的路上跑步是很危险的,所以不应该这样做,故选B。
2.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)—The high school entrance examination is coming!
—Yes, our teacher tells us we be too careful while taking exams.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——高考就要来了!——是的,我们老师告诉我们考试的时候再仔细也不为过。考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不需要;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据“be too careful”可知,此处是can’t...too...“再……也不为过”的用法。故选C。
3.(2024·江苏无锡·二模)In order to save more space on the phone, we ________ set up the apps that are not often used.
A.can B.can’t C.should D.shouldn’t
【答案】D
【解析】句意:为了节省手机上更多的空间,我们不应该安装不经常用的软件。考查情态动词的用法。can能够,可以,表示能力或许可;can’t不能;should应该,表示建议或责任;shouldn’t不应该。根据前半句“In order to save more space on the phone”可知为了节省空间,是不应该安装不常用的软件,应用“shouldn’t”。故选D。
★should表示推测
1.(2024·甘肃武威·二模)—Is Jack coming?
—I am not sure. He ________ be here at any moment.
A.can B.must C.will D.should
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——杰克来了吗?——我不确定。他应该随时会到。考查情态动词。can能够;must必须;will将要;should应该。根据“I am not sure.”可知,此处是推测Jack应该随时会到,用should表示。故选D。
2.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)—How is your tour around the lake? Is it beautiful?
—It ________ be, but it is now seriously polluted.
A.should B.might C.must D.can
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你的环湖之旅怎么样?它漂亮吗?——它应该是(漂亮的),但现在它被严重污染。
考查情态动词辨析。should应该;might可能;must一定;can能。根据“but it is now seriously polluted.”可知,它应该是美丽的。故选A。
3. — Only ten tickets? What do you mean? There ________ be twelve.
— Sorry, Linda. Jacky and Tim took two tickets away.
A.should B.will C.can D.may
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——只有10张票吗?你什么意思?应该有十二张的。——抱歉,Linda。Jacky和Tom拿走了两张票。考查情态动词辨析。should应该;will将;can能够;may可能。根据“Only ten tickets”及“Jacky and Tim took two tickets away”可知,Jacky和Tom拿走了两张票,所以应该有12张票,故选A。
★should表示责任/义务
1.(2024·云南德宏·一模)As middle school students, we ________ spread traditional Chinese culture.
A.can’t B.may C.mustn’t D.should
【答案】D
【解析】句意:作为中学生,我们应该传播中国传统文化。考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;may可以;mustn’t不许;should应该。根据“spread traditional Chinese culture”可知,此处是说应该传播中国传统文化,故选D。
2.(2024·甘肃陇南·三模)Everyone ________ wear school uniforms at school.
A.can B.can’t C.should D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意:每个人在学校都应该穿校服。考查情态动词。can能够;can’t不能;should应该;shouldn’t不应该。根据“Everyone…wear school uniforms at school.”并结合常识可知,学生在学校应该穿校服。故选C。
(七)will
1.—Will you go boating with me?
—No, I ________.
A.will B.won’t C.don’t
【答案】B
【解析】 句意:——你能和我一起去划船吗?——不,我不去。
考查一般疑问句的否定回答。根据问句“Will you go boating with me?”可知,这是由情态动词will开头的一般疑问句,回答时,需用will或won’t。根据“No”可知,此处为否定回答,需用won’t。故选B。
(八)Would
1.(2024·上海杨浦·二模)—_________ you please pass the dish to me?
—Certainly, no problem.
A.Must B.Should C.May D.Would
【答案】D
【知识点】would表示委婉语气、would、should、must、May
【解析】句意:——请你把菜递给我好吗?——当然可以,没问题。考查情态动词。Must必须;Should应该;May可以,表示许可和允许;Would可以,表示礼貌和请求。根据“you please pass the dish to me”可知此处在表示礼貌和请求,用would。故选D。
2.(2022·湖北武汉·模拟预测)He pushed the door again and again, but it ______ open.
A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他一次又一次地推门,但门打不开。考查情态动词。wouldn’t不会;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t没必要。根据“He pushed the door again and again”可知,门被推了一次又一次,因此表示不会被打开,故选A。
(九)need
1.(2025·上海崇明·一模)—Dad, I’ll take the dog for a walk this afternoon. You ________ do it yourself.
—Thanks, Alisa. You’re a real help.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——爸爸,今天下午我要带狗去散步。你不必自己做。——谢谢,艾丽莎。你真是帮了大忙。考查情态动词。can’t不能;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该。根据“I’ll take the dog for a walk this afternoon. You…do it yourself.”可知,Alisa要带狗去散步,所以爸爸不必自己去。故选B。
2.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)With the help of AI, people _______ spend much time searching for the information on their own.
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C. mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在人工智能的帮助下,人们不必花太多时间自己搜索信息。考查情态动词。needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t一定不能;can’t不能。根据“With the help of AI, people … spend much time searching for the information on their own.”可知,此处是说“在人工智能的帮助下,人们不必花太多时间自己搜索信息”,needn’t“不必”符合句意。故选A。
(十)dare
1.(23-24九年级上·福建泉州·期末)—I ________ not give a speech in public and I am so nervous now.
—Take it easy. You can make it.
A.must B.should C.dare
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——我不敢在公共场合演讲,我现在很紧张。——别紧张。你能做到的。考查情态动词辨析。must必须;should应该;dare敢。根据“I am so nervous now”可知,因为紧张,不敢在公共场合演讲,故选C。
2.(24-25九年级上·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·期末)— I wonder why you seldom answer questions in English classes.
— I want to, but I ________ not speak English in public.
A.dare B.must C.need D.can
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我想知道你为什么在英语课上很少回答问题。——我想回答,但是我不敢在公共场合说英语。考查情态动词。dare敢;must必须;need需要;can能够。根据“I wonder why you seldom answer questions in English classes.”和“I want to, but…”可知,应是想回答问题,但是不敢,应用情态动词dare“敢”。故选A。
(十一)have to
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)—Mr Li, I don’t want to say sorry to Sandy.
—I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke her glasses.
A.may B.have to C.mustn’t D.needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——李先生,我不想对桑迪说对不起。——恐怕你必须这么做。毕竟,你打碎了她的眼镜。
考查情态动词。may可能;have to不得不,必须;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必。根据“After all, you broke her glasses.”可知打破了对方的眼镜,所以必须给对方道歉。故选B。
2.(2024·湖南怀化·一模)—Must I go to your office now, Mr. Wang ?
—No, you ________.
A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.don’t have to
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——王先生,我现在必须去你的办公室吗?——不,你不必。考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该;can’t不能;don’t have to不必,不需要。根据问句可知,此处是must引导的一般疑问句。其肯定回答为“Yes, you must.”,否定回答为“No, you don’t have to./ you needn’t.”。故选C。
3.—I’m leaving now.
—It’s rainy. Better stay here. Call a taxi if you ________.
A.will B.may C.have to D.could
【答案】C
句意:——现在我要走了。——下雨了。你最好待在这。如果你不得不离开那就叫个出租车吧。
考查情态动词辨析。will将要;may可能;have to不得不;could能,会。由答语“It’s rainy. Better stay here.”可知,第二个人不希望第一个人现在走,叫出租车是在不得不离开的情况下发生的。故选C。
(十二)had better
1.(2024·上海长宁·二模)It is going to rain. You’d better ________ the window open when you go out.
A.not leave B.not to leave C.won’t leave D.no leaving
【答案】A
【解析】句意:要下雨了。你出去的时候最好不要让窗户开着。考查固定搭配。had better意为“最好”,(常简略为’d better)是一固定词组,用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。had better后跟动词原形,构成had better do sth.句型。其否定式是将not直接放在had better的后面,构成had better not do sth。故选A。
2.(2025·上海长宁·一模)You had better ________ up too late tonight because you will have an exam tomorrow.
A.not stay B.not staying C.not to stay D.not stayed【答案】A
【解析】句意:你最好今晚不要熬夜太晚,因为明天你要考试。考查had better的用法。had better是情态动词,后跟动词原形,且否定句是在better后加not,好不要做某事”。故选A。
(十三)shall
1.(24-25八年级上·广西钦州·期中)—________ we take Mary to the park today?
—I don’t think it is a good idea.
A.Shall B.Do C.May
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——今天我们带玛丽去公园好吗? ——我认为那不是一个好主意。考查一般疑问句及情景交际。shall用于征询意见或提建议,尤其在第一人称的复数疑问句中。do助动词;may情态动词,一般与第一人称单数连用。根据“we take Mary to the park today?”可知此处是表示征询意见,应用shall与we连用,故选A。
2.—When ________ we meet?
—Let’s make it 3:00 at my home.
A.do B.shall C.must
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我们什么时候见面?——我们定在我家3点吧。考查情态动词。do是助动词;shall用于第一人称提问中,表示提议或征求意见;must必须。根据“When...we meet?”可知,此处需用shall表示征询意见,常用于第一人称的疑问句中。故选B。
3.—What ________ we do after supper?
—Let’s go out for a walk.
A.need B.must C.shall D.did
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——晚饭后我们应该做什么? ——我们出去散步吧。考查动词的辨析。need需要;must必须;shall应该;did助动词,用于一般过去时。根据“Let’s go out for a walk.”可知,此处询问对方的建议,我们应该做什么,故用shall,故选C。
(十四)ought to
1.(2024·福建莆田·一模)—Mulan Stream is the mother river of Putian people.
—We ________ protect it.
A.might B.dare C.ought to
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——木兰溪是莆田人的母亲河。——我们应该保护它。考查情态动词辨析。might可能;dare敢;ought to应该。根据“Mulan Stream is the mother river of Putian people.”可知,此处表示我们应该保护木兰溪。故选C。
2 . (2023·湖北恩施·一模)If you want to be a greener man, you ________ shut off the light when leaving a room.
A.dare B.ought to C.would
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果你想成为一个环保的人,你应该在离开房间的时候关灯。考查情态动词。dare敢;ought to应该;would将要。根据“If you want to be a greener man,you...leaving a room."可知,离开房间的时候应该要把灯关掉,故选B。
(十五)情态动词后加动词原形
1.(2024·上海徐汇·二模)You’d better _________ your luggage for the important papers before leaving for the airport.
A.check B.to check C.checking D.checked
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在去机场之前,你最好检查一下你的行李是否有重要文件。考查动词。根据“You’d better”可知,had better do sth.“最好做某事”,动词用原形。故选A。
2.The traffic is so heavy in the rush hour. You’d better ________ the road conditions ahead of time.
A.check B.to check C.checked D.checking
【答案】A
【解析】句意:高峰时间的交通太拥挤了。你最好提前检查一下路况。考查had better用法。had better do sth.“最好做某事”,所以此处用动词原形。故选A。
五、使役动词
1. Asking Nancy to join your group can make your friendship________ .
A.relax B. stronger C.longest
【答案】B
【解析】句意:邀请Nancy加入你的小组可以使你们的友谊更坚固。考查形容词的用法。relax使放松;stronger更坚固,为比较级;longest最长的,为最高级。根据“Asking Nancy to join your group can make your friendship...”可知,加入小组会让友谊更坚固。make sth.+adj.表示“使某物……”。故选B。
2.(2023·上海静安·一模)One aim in middle school education is to let students ________ abilities of independent learning.
A.develop B.to develop C.developing D.to developing
【答案】A
【解析】句意:中学教育的一个目标是培养学生自主学习的能力。考查非谓语动词。let是使役动词,后接省略to的动词不定式作宾补,故选A。
3. The poor Anne Frank ________ illness before her father had her diary ________.
A.died of; publish B.died from; published C.died of; published D.died from; publish’
【答案】C
【解析】句意:可怜的Anne Frank在她的父亲出版她的日记之前不幸病逝。考查die of和die from的辨析和使役动词have的用法。die of死于内因,死于疾病一般用die of;have“使”,使役动词,have sth.done“使某物被做某事”符合语境,故选C。
4.(23-24九年级上·山东青岛·期末)Anna wants to get her ears ______, but her mother doesn't agree.
A. pierced B.pierce C. to pierce D. piercing
【答案】A
【解析】句意:Anna想打耳洞,但她的妈妈不同意。考查过去分词的用法。pierced过去式或过去分词;pierce刺穿,动词原形;to pierce动词不定式;piercing现在分词或动名词。根据“get her ears...”可知,指的是想使耳朵被刺穿,get sth. done表示“使某物被……”,过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A。
六、动词短语
1.(2024·天津·中考真题)Email is one of the great ways to _________ friends.
A.take pride in B.keep clear of
C.get into the habit of D.stay in touch with
【答案】D
【解析】句意:电子邮件是与朋友保持联系的好方法之一。考查动词短语。take pride in以……为骄傲;keep clear of避开;get into the habit of养成……的习惯;stay in touch with与……保持联系。根据“Email is one of the great ways to…friends.”可知,此处指电子邮件是与朋友保持联系的好方法。故选D。
2.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—I think your grandfather should ________ smoking.
—I agree. Smoking is bad for his health.
A.put up B.give up C.pick up D.take up
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我认为你爷爷应该戒烟。——我同意。吸烟对他的健康有害。考查动词短语。put up张贴;give up放弃;pick up捡起;take up开始从事。根据“Smoking is bad for his health.”可知吸烟对他的健康有害,所以建议爷爷放弃吸烟。故选B。
3.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)In the picture, the boy is ________.
A.making the bed B.mopping the floor C.cleaning the table D.washing the dishes
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在这幅画中,男孩正在拖地。考查短语辨析。making the bed铺床;mopping the floor拖地;cleaning the table擦桌子;washing the dishes洗碗。根据图片内容可知,男孩在拖地,故选B。
4.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)I am planning to ________ the new hobby in the summer holiday. I won’t spend my spare time on my mobile phone all day long.
A.pick up B.turn up C.get up D.look up
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我打算在暑假里培养新的爱好。我不会把业余时间都花在玩手机上。考查动词短语。pick up开始从事,学会,捡起;turn up调大;get up起床;look up查找。根据“the new hobby in the summer holiday.”可知,此处是指培养新爱好,应用pick up。故选A。
5.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)—Which school club should I choose?
—It ______ what skills you want to develop.
A.takes on B.carries on C.puts on D.depends on
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我应该选择哪个学校俱乐部呢?——这取决于你想要培养什么技能。考查动词短语。takes on呈现;carries on继续,开展;puts on穿上;depends on取决于。根据“what skills you want to develop”可知,加入哪个俱乐部取决于你想要培养什么技能。故选D。
6.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)Many think SOS is short for “save our ship”, but it doesn’t really ________ anything.
A.look for B.stand for C.pay for D.try for
【答案】B
【解析】句意:许多人认为SOS是“拯救我们的船”的缩写,但它实际上并不代表任何东西。考查动词短语。look for寻找;stand for代表;pay for支付;try for尝试。根据“Many think SOS is short for ‘save our ship’”可知,此处介绍SOS代表的含义,应用stand for。故选B。
7.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)— Mum, could you please ________ the poster in my bedroom? I really like it!
— Sure, baby.
A.give up B.take up C.put up D.mop up
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——妈妈,你能把海报贴在我的卧室里吗?我真的很喜欢!——当然可以,宝贝。考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃;take up占据;put up张贴;mop up清除。根据“the poster in my bedroom”和“I really like it!”可知,喜欢这张海报,所以是请求把海报贴在自己的卧室里,故选C。
8.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)I know how busy you are and I won’t ________ too much of your time.
A.take up B.set up C.make up D.put up
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我知道你有多忙,我不会占用你太多时间。考查动词短语。take up占用;set up建立;make up编造;put up张贴。根据“too much of your time”可知,此处指占用时间。故选A。
9.(2024·江苏连云港·中考真题)To live a green life, we should remember to _________ the lights when we leave a room.
A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down
【答案】B
【解析】句意:为了过绿色生活,我们离开房间时应该记得关灯。考查动词短语。turn on打开;turn off关闭;turn up调高(音量);turn down调低(音量)。根据“To live a green life”及“the lights when we leave a room”可知,为了环保,离开房间时应该关灯。故选B。
10.(2024·四川·中考真题)In China, people usually ________ their houses before the Spring Festival.
A.clean up B.look up C.take up D.put up
【答案】A
【解析】句意:在中国,人们通常在春节前打扫房子。考查动词短语。clean up打扫;look up查找;take up占据;put up张贴。根据“their houses before the Spring Festival.”可知是在春节前打扫房子。故选A。
11.(2024·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Ben, help me ________ the book from the shelf, will you? It’s out of my reach.
—With pleasure.
A.take down B.throw away C.look through D.hand out
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——本,帮我把书架上的书取下来,好吗?我够不着。——我很愿意。考查动词短语辨析。take down取下来;throw away扔掉;look through浏览;hand out分发。根据“It’s out of my reach.”可知,够不着,所以请对方帮忙取下来,故选A。
12.(2024·云南·中考真题)The students worked in groups to ________ the difficult problem in the math class.
A.work out B.turn down C.cut off D.worry about
【答案】A
【解析】句意:学生们分组算出数学课上的难题。考查动词短语。work out计算出;turn down拒绝;cut off切断;worry about担心。根据“the difficult problem in the math class”可知,此处指计算出难题。故选A。
13.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Tim, what were you doing when I called you?
—I ________ bicycle with my sister.
A.was cutting up B.am making up C.am picking up D.was fixing up
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——蒂姆,我打电话给你的时候你在做什么?——我正在和姐姐修理自行车。考查动词时态及动词短语。cut up切碎;make up编造;pick up捡起;fix up修理。根据“what were you doing when I called you?”可知,此处指过去某一时刻正在做的事情,应为过去进行时,结构是was/were doing。结合“bicycle”可知,此处指修理自行车。故选D。
14.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)—Coco, I can’t understand the meaning of this word.
—You’d better ________ the word in your dictionary.
A.look for B.look up C.look after
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——可可,我不明白这个词的意思。——你最好在字典里查一下这个词。考查动词短语辨析。look for寻找;look up查找;look after照顾。根据“You’d better ... the word in your dictionary.”可知,在字典里查一下这个词。故选B。
15.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Why are you late for class again, Bob?
—Sorry, I failed to ________ when my alarm went off.
A.get up B.run away C.lie down
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——Bob,你上课为什么又迟到?——对不起,当我闹钟响了的时候,我没起来。考查动词短语。get up起床;run away逃跑;lie down躺下。根据failed和“when my alarm went off.”可知闹钟响了的时候,没起来床。故选A。
16.(2024·山东滨州·中考真题)—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years.
—Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together.
A.in; with B.for; of C.on; in D.from; for
【答案】B
句意:——我非常想念比尔,因为我们已经两年没见面了。——我也是。每当我看到这张照片,都会想起我们一起度过的快乐日子。考查现在完成时及动词短语。根据“we haven’t seen each other…two years”可知,此处是现在完成时,与“for+一段时间”连用,第一空应填for。第二空考查短语remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”。故选B。
17.(2024·四川雅安·中考真题)—Shenzhou-18 was successfully launched (发射) into the space on April 25th, 2024.
—We Chinese____________ it.
A.run out of B.take care of C.are afraid of D.are proud of
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——神舟十八号于2024年4月25日成功发射升空。——我们中国人为此感到骄傲。考查短语辨析。run out of用完,耗尽;take care of照顾;are afraid of害怕;are proud of为……感到骄傲。根据“Shenzhou-18 was successfully launched (发射) into the space”可知,中国人为神舟十八号的成功发射感到骄傲。故选D。
18.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)When you ________ Mamianqun (horse-face skirt), you will sense the beauty of China’s traditional clothing.
A.turn on B.get on
C.put on D.depend on
【答案】C
【解析】句意:当你穿上马面裙时,你会感受到中国传统服饰的美。考查动词短语。turn on打开;get on上车;put on穿上;depend on依靠。根据“Mamianqun (horse-face skirt)”可知,此处指“穿上”马面裙。故选C。
19.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)—I didn’t pass the exam again. What should I do?
—Don’t ________. You’ll succeed sooner or later.
A.give up B.give back C.give away
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我考试又没及格。我该怎么办?——不要放弃。你迟早会成功的。考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃;give back归还;give away赠送。根据“You’ll succeed sooner or later”可知,此处是安慰对方不要放弃,故选A。
20.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)As we grow older, we’ll discover we have two hands: one for helping ourselves; the other for helping others.
A.turn up B.put away C.find out D.look into
【答案】C
【解析】句意:随着年龄的增长,我们会发现我们有两只手:一只用来帮助自己;另一只用来帮助别人。
考查动词和动词短语辨析。turn up出现;put away整理;find out发现;look into调查。discover表示“发现”,与find out语意相近。故选C。
21.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)—Dr. Know, I can’t keep my son away from the screen. What should I do?
—By doing creative activities with him, he may not ________ the screen too much.
A.call on B.pay for C.depend on D.believe in
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——Know医生,我不能让我儿子远离屏幕。我该怎么办?——通过和他一起做创造性的活动,他可能不会太依赖屏幕。考查动词短语。call on呼吁;pay for支付;depend on依赖;believe in相信。根据“I can’t keep my son away from the screen”可知,孩子不能远离屏幕,父母可以和孩子做一些创造性的活动,使孩子不那么依赖屏幕。故选C。
22.(2024·广西·中考真题)—Dad, let’s ________ early to do exercise tomorrow morning.
—OK, no problem.
A.look up B.get up C.give up
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——爸爸,我们明天早上早点起床做运动吧。——好的,没问题。考查动词短语辨析。look up查找;get up起床;give up放弃。根据“let’s ... early to do exercise tomorrow morning”可知,早点起床做运动,故选B。
23.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Gina is good at maths and she wants to be an engineer when she grows up.
A.does well in B.is good with C.is kind to D.does badly in
【答案】A
【解析】句意:吉娜擅长数学,她长大后想成为一名工程师。考查短语辨析。does well in擅长;is good with与……和睦相处;is kind to对……好;does badly in在某方面表现不佳。is good at表示“擅长”,与does well in同义,故选A。
24.(2024·吉林·中考真题)Tina can _________ her bedroom by herself. She doesn’t need her parents’ help.
A.get up B.clean up C.cut up
【答案】B
【知识点】clean up、cut up、get up、动词短语
【解析】句意:蒂娜可以自己打扫卧室。她不需要父母的帮助。
考查动词短语。get up起床;clean up清扫;cut up切碎。根据“her bedroom”可知,此处指清扫卧室。故选B。
25.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)It makes me ________ to watch National Women’s Volleyball Team’s matches.
A.feel exciting B.to feel excited C.feel excited
【答案】C
【解析】句意:看国家女排的比赛让我很兴奋。考查动词短语和形容词辨析。动词短语make sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”,排除B;excited感到兴奋的,修饰人;exciting兴奋的,修饰物,此处修饰人。故选C。
26.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)Don’t ________ rubbish everywhere. It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
A.put away B.take away C.throw away
【答案】C
【解析】句意:不要到处乱扔垃圾。保护环境是所有人的责任。考查动词短语。put away收起;take away拿走;throw away扔掉。根据“Don’t…rubbish everywhere”可知,此处指不要到处乱扔垃圾。故选C。
27.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)We should learn to be independent. We’d better not ________ our parents too much.
A.keep on B.get on C.depend on
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们应该学会独立。我们最好不要太依赖父母。考查动词短语。keep on继续;get on上车;depend on依赖。根据“We should learn to be independent.”可知,我们应学会独立,不要太依赖父母。故选C。
28.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)The health website provides a lot of useful advice ________ teenagers.
A.with B.for C.to D.on
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个健康网站为青少年提供了很多有用的建议。考查介词辨析和动词短语。with和;for为了;to到;on在……上。此处是固定短语provide sth for sb“为某人提供某物”,故选B。
29.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)We are supposed to ________ the lights when we leave the room.
A.turn down B.turn up C.turn off D.turn on
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们离开房间时应该关灯。考查动词短语。turn down把声音调小;turn up把声音调大;turn off关闭;turn on打开。根据“when we leave the room”可知,离开房间时应该把灯关上,故选C。
30.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)My grandpa decided to ________ smoking for his health.
A.give away B.give out C.give back D.give up
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我爷爷为了健康决定戒烟。考查动词短语辨析。give away赠送;give out分发;give back归还;give up放弃。根据“My grandpa decided to ... smoking for his health.”可知,是放弃吸烟,故选D。
题型二 完成句子
一、及物动词和不及物动词
★及物动词+单宾语
(2024·重庆九龙坡·三模)过马路时要小心! (完成译句)
Be careful when you the road!
【答案】cross
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空格处缺少“过”,cross“穿过”,动词,cross the road“穿过马路”,该句是一般现在时,主语是“you”,谓语动词用原形。故填cross。
★及物动词+双宾语
(2024·河北衡水·二模)Mary, bring, without, a, telling, present, her
.
【答案】Bring Mary a present without telling her
【解析】根据所给标点可知,句子应用陈述句形式。分析所给单词,句子是以动词原形开头的祈使句,bring sb. sth.“给某人带某物”,Mary为间接宾语,a present为直接宾语,without后接动名词,her作telling的宾语。故填Bring Mary a present without telling her“给玛丽带一份礼物,不要告诉她”。
★及物动词+复合宾语
(24-25九年级上·贵州黔南·阶段练习)我想知道你是否能来。
I you can come or not.
【答案】 wonder whether
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“想知道是否”的英文。本句为宾语从句,wonder“想知道”谓语动词,因是陈述现在想法,故主句时态为一般现在时,主语为I,谓语动词用原形;whether...or not表示“是否”,固定搭配,其中whether为宾语从句引导词。故填wonder;whether。
★其他及物动词
(22-23九年级上·陕西咸阳·期末)儿童基金会的主要价值是为孤儿服务。
The main value of UNICEF is to children without parents.
【答案】serve
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,横线上缺的是“服务”serve,“to”后加动词原形。故填serve。
★不及物动词
(24-25九年级上·陕西渭南·期末)大熊猫主要生活在四川省北部的山区。
Pandas in the mountains of northern Sichuan Province.
【答案】 live mainly
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺“主要生活”的英文。live“生活”,因是描述事实,故时态为一般现在时,主语为Pandas,谓语动词用原形;mainly“主要地”为副词修饰动词live。故填live mainly。
二、系动词
★be动词
1.(2024·广东广州·二模)随着中国文化的国际传播和全球交流的增加,越来越多的外国人对这一古老的艺术形式感兴趣。
With the increase of international communication and global exchange of Chinese culture, more and more foreigners this ancient art form.
【答案】 are interested in
【解析】结合中英文提示可知,此处缺少“对……感兴趣”,英语表达为be interested in,主语是复数名词,be动词用are,故填are;interested;in。
2.(2024·重庆沙坪坝·一模)Are these Mary’s friends?(改为单数形式)
Mary’s ?
【答案】 Is this friend
【解析】句意:这些是玛丽的朋友们吗?根据要求改为单数,are改为is, these改为this, 复数名词friends变为单数名词friend。故填Is this;friend。
3.(23-24九年级上·河北保定·期末)feel, term, do, you, this, happy
?
【答案】Do you feel happy this term
【解析】根据所给单词及标点提示可知,句子为一般疑问句。助动词do置于句首,首字母要大写;you作主语;feel“感觉”,动词,作谓语;happy“开心的”,形容词,作表语;this term“这学期”,作状语。故填Do you feel happy this term“这学期你感到开心吗”。
★感官动词
(2023·陕西西安·模拟预测)我奶奶做的鱼闻起来很香。
The fish cooked by my grandma .
【答案】smells nice
【解析】对“闻起来很香”设空,smell意为“闻起来”,根据语境可知此处用的是一般现在时,主语是The fish,不可数名词,谓语动词应用单三形式。故填smells nice。
三、助动词
★助动词be
1.(2024·贵州毕节·模拟预测)不要害羞,在课堂上大胆提问。
Don’t and ask questions bravely in class.
【答案】 be shy
【解析】根据还有提示可知,空处缺少“害羞”。shy“害羞的”。句子为祈使句,Don’t后用动词原形be,shy“害羞的”。故填be;shy。
2.(2022·重庆綦江·模拟预测)The computer was invented in 1976. (对划线部分提问)
the computer invented?
【答案】When was
【解析】句意:电脑是1976年发明的。划线部分指的是时间,用疑问词when提问,句子开头,首字母大写,后加一般疑问句语序,将句中的be动词was提前即可。故填When was。
★助动词do
1.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)John has a big dinner with his grandparents every Saturday evening. (改为一般疑问句)
John a big diner with his grandparents every Saturday evening?
【答案】 Does have
【解析】句意:约翰每星期六晚上和他的祖父母吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。原句是一般现在时,且句中有实义动词“has”,主语是“John”,改为一般疑问句,助动词填does,动词填原形。故填Does;have。
2.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Our family drove back to Nanjing to celebrate the Chinese New Year. (改为一般疑问句)
your family back to Nanjing to celebrate the Chinese New Year?
【答案】 Did drive
【解析】句意:我们全家开车回南京庆祝中国新年。句子谓语动词“drove”为过去式,句子变为一般疑问句时,要借助助动词did,置于句首,首字母要大写,后接动词原形drive。故填Did;drive。
★助动词have
I have never spoken publicly before.(改为一般疑问句)
you spoken publicly before?
【答案】 Have ever
【解析】句意:我以前从来没有在公共场合发过言。根据“I have never spoken publicly before.”可知,一般疑问句意为“你以前曾经在公共场合发过言吗?”,将have提到句首并大写首字母,用ever表示“曾经”。故填Have;ever。
★助动词will/would/shall/should
1.(2023·辽宁鞍山·一模)他害怕教练会把他开除球队。
He was afraid that the coach would the team.
【答案】kick him off
【解析】根据句意和题干可知,空处应填“把他开除”。kick sb off“踢除某人”,是固定表达,would后加动词原形;him“他”,宾格代词。故填kick him off。
2.(23-24九年级上·陕西商洛·期末)我希望他们再也不遭受疾病。
I hope they will never illnesses.
【答案】suffer from
【解析】根据汉语提示可知,本题考查动词短语suffer from“遭受”,will后面用动词原形。故填suffer from。
四、情态动词
(一)can
★can表示能力/能够
1.(2024·贵州遵义·一模)山再高,往上攀,总能登顶。
However high the mountain is, get to the summit if we keep climbing.
【答案】 we can
【解析】根据题干可知,主句的主语是we,can “能够”,情态动词can后加动词原形。故填we;can。
2.(2024·河北·二模)can, do, what, you, for, I
?
【答案】What can I do for you
【解析】根据标点可知,此句为疑问句,what“什么”,置于句首作特殊疑问词;I“我”,作主语,情态动词can提到主语I的前面,构成疑问句;do“做”,在句中作谓语;for为了,介词,后跟you作宾语。故答案为:What can I do for you“我能为你做什么”。
★can表示请求/许可
1.(2022·广西柳州·一模)made, can, lend, by yourself, me, the kite, you, to(你能把你自己做的那个风筝借给我吗?)
?
【答案】Can you lend the kite made by yourself to me
【解析】一般疑问句以情态动词can开头表请求,其后接主语you;lend sth. to sb.“把某物借给某人”;made by yourself作为定语修饰the kite。故填Can you lend the kite made by yourself to me。
2.(2022·河北石家庄·一模)give, ride, you, a, can, me
?
【答案】Can you give me a ride
【解析】根据标点符号和所给单词可知,此句是一个一般疑问句;can能,位于句首,首字母大写;you你,作主语;give me a ride载我一程,作谓语,故填Can you give me a ride“你能载我一程吗”。
★could表示推测、can表示推测
1.(2024·重庆沙坪坝·一模)This red handbag must belong to Caral. (对划线部分提问)
this red handbag belong to?
【答案】 Who/Whom can/could
【解析】句意:这个红色的手提包一定是卡尔的。划线部分为“Caral”,指人,且作宾语,应用who/whom来提问,位于句首,首字母要大写;原题干中must表示肯定的推测,改成问句时应将must改为can/could,表示一种可能性,置于疑问词之后,主语之前。故填Who/Whom;can/could。
2.(2024·陕西西安·模拟预测)这把吉他一定不是卡拉的,因为她根本就不喜欢弹吉他。
The guitar Carla’s because she doesn’t like playing the guitar at all.
【答案】can’t be
【解析】根据句子和题干可知,这里考查情态动词表推测。表示“一定不是”,应该用can’t be。故填can’t be。
(二)could
★could表示能力/能够
1.(23-24九年级上·广东广州·期末)Miss Li一直在思考如何能提升他们的阅读技能。
Miss Li was thinking about improve their reading skills.
【答案】 how she/they
【解析】分析句意可知,要表达“如何”,应该用how引导的宾语从句,故第一个空填how;第二个空对应从句的主语,这里的主语既可以是she指代的Miss Li,思考Miss Li如何帮他们提升;又可以是they指代的their和Miss Li的整体,思考他们怎样提升,均符合句意,故第二个空填she或者they;第三个空对应“能”,主句用了was,因此这里用情态动词can的过去式could,后跟动词原形improve作为从句的谓语,故第三个空填could。故填how;she/they;could。
2.(22-23九年级上·河北唐山·期末)for, they, be, drinking, used, could,
.
【答案】They could be used for drinking
【解析】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式;分析所给单词,they作主语,且句首首字母大写;情态动词could后接短语be used for作谓语(表示被动);动名词drinking置于句末。故答案为:They could be used for drinking“它们可以用于饮用”。
★could表示委婉语气
1.(2024·河北唐山·二模)lend me, could, an umbrella, you
?
【答案】Could you lend me an umbrella
【解析】根据所给单词和标点可知,句子是含情态动词could的一般疑问句,表示请求;you作主语,lend sb sth“借给某人某物”,me作间接宾语,an umbrella作直接宾语。故填Could you lend me an umbrella“你能借我一把伞吗”。
2.(2023·河北石家庄·模拟预测)me, could, the hotel, tell, you, the way to
?
【答案】Could you tell me the way to the hotel
【解析】could表示委婉语气根据所给标点及单词可知,此处是情态动词could引导的一般疑问句,表请求。you作主语;tell作谓语;me作间接宾语;the way to the hotel作直接宾语。故填Could you tell me the way to the hotel“你能告诉我去酒店的路吗”。
★can表示推测、could表示推测
(24-25九年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期末)It must be Carla’s red blouse. (对划线部分提问)
red blouse it be?
【答案】 Whose can/could
【解析】句意:那一定是卡拉的红衬衫。划线部分表示“某人的”,需要用疑问词whose;must是表示有把握的肯定推测,在变为一般疑问句,可以借助情态动词can或could来表示“某物会是谁的”,故填Whose;can/could。
(三)may
★may表示请求/许可
1.John, may, speak to, I(?)
【答案】May I speak to John?
【解析】句意:我可以和约翰讲话么?
John约翰, may可以, speak to对……讲话, I我。根据问号可知,用一般疑问句,句子结构为“May I...?我可以……”,情态动词后面用动词原形speak to,宾语为John。故答案为May I speak to John?
2.我能要一张你女儿的照片吗?
May I a photo of your daughter?
【答案】 ask for
【解析】根据中文提示可知空格处缺“要”的短语,ask for sth. 索要……;要……;又may为情态动词,在题干中表请求,中文意思为“可以,能”,后接动词原形。故填ask for。
★may表示推测
1.Maybe the boys are playing football in the playground.
The boys football in the playground.
【答案】 may be playing
【解析】句意:男孩们可能正在操场上踢足球。maybe“可能”,是副词,常和may be替换,是“情态动词+be动词”结构。原句是现在进行,此处可以用may be doing结构,表示“可能正在做某事”。故填may;be;playing。
2.我们在理解美国口音方面可能有困难。
the American accent.
【答案】We may have difficulty in understanding
【解析】根据所给句意可知,空白处表示“我们可能在理解方面有困难”,我们we,作主语;may可能,表示推测,后面跟动词原形;做某事有困难have difficulty in doing sth.,理解understand。故填We may have difficulty in understanding。
★情态动词后加动词原形
1.那幅画可能是我父亲的。
That picture might my father.
【答案】 belong to
【解析】根据句意可知表达的意思是“那幅画可能属于我父亲”,对照英文句子,需填入“属于”的英文表达“belong to”;might“可能”表推测,是情态动词,后接动词原形。故填belong; to。
2.坚持你的梦想,否则有一天你会后悔的。
Hold your dream, or you might some day.
【答案】regret
【解析】regret后悔;might可能,情态动词后接原形动词;设空处需填入“后悔”的英文表达,故填regret。
3.你必须自己做决定怎样去处理这些难题。(deal)
You these difficult problems.
【答案】must decide by/for yourself how to deal with
【解析】通过中英文句子对照可知,英文句子中需要翻译的部分是“必须自己做决定怎样去处理”; must“必须”,情态动词,后跟动词原形;decide by/for yourself how to deal with “自己做决定如何做某事”;deal with“处理”;故填must decide by/for yourself how to deal with。
(五)must
★must表示必须
1.离开之前所有的灯必须关掉。
All the lights before leaving.
【答案】 must be turned off
【解析】must“必须”;turn off“关闭”,主语“lights”与动词“turn off”之间是被动关系,故此处用含有情态动词的被动语态must be done的结构,故填must;be;turned;off。
★must否定表示禁止
不应该允许十八岁以下的青少年吸烟和喝酒。
Teenagers under eighteen .
【答案】mustn’t be allowed to smoke or drink
【解析】allow表示“允许”;情态动词mustn’t表示“不允许”,主语teenagers under eighteen与动词allow之间是被动关系,此处应用含有情态动词的被动语态mustn’t be done的结构,be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”,smoke“吸烟”;drink“喝酒”,否定句用or连接两个并列的词语,故填mustn’t be allowed to smoke or drink。
★must表示推测
1.(2023·山东枣庄·一模)Dance of the Golden Snake be a piece of music suits the festivities.
《金蛇狂舞》一定是一首适合庆祝活动的乐曲。
【答案】 must which/that
【解析】must“一定”,是情态动词;分析第二空的前后可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是a piece of music,指物,从句缺主语,所以应用which或that引导定语从句。故填must;which/that。
(六)shall
我们去看电影怎么样?
we to the movies?
【答案】 Shall go
【解析】Shall we...“让我们……好吗”,用于提出建议或征求意见,后跟动词原形;go“去”。故填Shall;go。
(七)should
★should表示建议
1.(2024·贵州黔南·一模)我们都应该清楚远离危险的重要性。
We all be clear about the of keeping ourselves away from danger.
【答案】 should importance
【解析】“应该”should,是情态动词;“重要性”importance,是不可数名词。故填should;importance。
★should表示推测
你应该警告他要注意危险。
You should have him the danger.
【答案】 warned of
【解析】warn“警告”,warn sb. of sth.“警告某人……”;根据第一空前的“should have”可知,should have done表示“过去本该做某事(而实际上未做)”,故第一空要用warn的过去分词warned。故填warned;of。
★should表示责任/义务
(2024·甘肃武威·二模)Everyone should play a part in cleaning it up. (改为否定句)
Everyone a part in cleaning it up.
【答案】shouldn’t play
【解析】句意:人人应该参与清理。根据含有情态动词的部分“Everyone should...”可知其否定形式应为“Everyone shouldn’t ...”。故填shouldn’t play。
(八)will
(2022·贵州贵阳·中考真题)骑行能帮助我们节能而且不会污染空气。
Cycling can help us save energy and cause air pollution.
【答案】 will/does/it/it not/not/won’t/doesn’t
【解析】根据汉语句意提示,“不会”可用will not+动词原形来表示;由can可知句子可用一般现在时,主语Cycling为动词名词,因此谓语动词应用其第三人称单数形式,“不会污染空气”可用does not+动词原形来表示;连词and也可连接两个并列的句子,因此可用代词it作主语,指代前文提到的“Cycling”,句子用一般将来时时,谓语动词应用won’t+动词原形;句子若用一般现在时,谓语动词应用助动词doesn’t+动词原形。故填will/does/it/it/;not/not/won’t/doesn’t。
(九)would
★would表示过去的意愿
(2023·湖北襄阳·一模)孔子,作为中国古代的思想家,教育家和儒家思想奠基人而闻名,相信在餐桌上用筷子代替刀叉会提醒人们远离杀戮和暴力。
Confucius, who was known as a great thinker of ancient China and educator, founder of Confucianism, believed that using chopsticks knives and forks people to from killing and violence at table.
【答案】 instead/rather of/than would remind stay/keep away
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,第一、二空为介词短语,在宾语从句中修饰主语“using chopsticks”,缺少“代替”,其英文表达为instead of/rather than;第三、四空在宾语从句中作谓语,缺少“会提醒”,其英文表达为would remind,表过去的意愿;第五、六空为不定式作补语,缺少“远离”,其英文表达为stay/keep away ,不定式后跟动词原形。故填instead/rather;of/than;would;remind;stay/keep;away。
★would表示委婉语气
(24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期末)show me, the new printer, would, how to use, anyone, please (连词成句)
?
【答案】Would anyone please show me how to use the new printer
【解析】根据所给标点可知应用疑问句的形式,分析所给单词,would表示请求,常用于以下结构:Would+主语+please do sth.?“某人可以做……吗?”;anyone作主语;show sb. how to do sth.“教某人如何做某事”;the new printer作动词use的宾语。故答案为Would anyone please show me how to use the new printer“谁能教我如何使用这台新打印机”。
(十)need
1.我爱周末,因为在星期六和星期天我不需要早起。
I love weekends, because I get up on Saturdays and Sundays.
【答案】 needn’t early
【解析】根据汉语提示可知本题第一空考查need“需要”,情态动词,所以直接在后面加not表否定,缩写成need’t;第二空考查单词early“早”,此处为副词,修饰动词短语get up“起床”,故填needn’t;early。
(十一)dare
2.但我不敢当众讲英语。
But I dare English in public.
【答案】 not speak
【解析】dare“敢”,作为情态动词,否定形式为dare not,后接动词原形;speak English表示“讲英语”。故填not;speak。
(十二)have to
1.(2024·天津·二模)你不用担心我。我的水性很好。
You don’t have to me. I’m a good swimmer.
【答案】 worry about
【解析】结合中英文提示可知,此处缺“担心”,其对应的英文表达为“worry about”,为动词短语,不定式to后接动词原形。故填worry;about。
2.(2024·广东广州·二模)许多学生想知道为什么他们需要参加关于压力的讲座。
Many students may wonder attend the lecture on pressure.
【答案】 why they need/have to
【解析】根据中英对照和分析句子结构可知,动词wonder后接why“为什么”引导宾语从句;they“他们”,作从句主语;need to do sth.“需要做某事”/have to do sth.“不得不做某事”,从句时态为一般现在时,主语为复数,谓语动词用原形。故填why;they;need/have;to。
(十三)had better
1.(2024·上海崇明·一模)You had better turn off the computer in the classroom now. (改为否定句)
You had better off the computer in the classroom now.
【答案】not turn
【解析】句意:你最好现在就把教室里的电脑关掉。had better do sth“最好做某事”,其否定形式为had better not do sth“最好不做某事”,故填not turn。
2.(2024·甘肃天水·二模)你最好带把伞以防淋湿。
In order not to get wet, you take an umbrella.
【答案】 had better
【解析】根据中英文对照横线上缺的是“最好”had better。故填had;better。
(十四)ought to
1.(2024·重庆潼南·一模)You ought to turn up the TV. (改为否定句)
You turn up the TV.
【答案】oughtn’t to
【解析】句意:你应该把电视的声音开大一点。ought to“应该”,否定句用oughtn’t to,故填oughtn’t to。
2.当你离开教室的时候,应该随手关灯。(完成译句)
You turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
【答案】 ought to
【解析】“应该做某事”ought to do sth,固定短语。故填ought;to。
(十五)情态动词后加动词原形
1.(2024·广东广州·三模)通过这种方式,顾客可以省钱,但他们无法决定能吃什么。
In this way, customers can save money, but they can’t decide .
【答案】 what they can eat
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处应填“(他们)能吃什么”;动词decide后接what“什么”引导宾语从句;they“他们”,作从句主语;从句为一般现在时,用情态动词can“能”后接动词原形eat“吃”,构成谓语。故填what;they;can;eat。
2.(2024·江苏常州·三模)我也不知道这种电池最多能持续多久。
I have no idea __________________________________________________________.
【答案】how long this type of battery can last at most
【解析】对比所给中英文可知,设空处为“这种电池最多能持续多久”;how long“多久”,引导同位语从句;this type of battery“这种电池”;can“能”,情态动词,后接动词原形last“持续”;at most“最多”。故填how long this type of battery can last at most。
五、使役动词
1.(2024·贵州铜仁·二模)让他知道他的朋友是否会来参加晚会。
Let him his friends can come to the party or not.
【答案】 know whether
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”;know “知道”;whether…or not “是否”。故填know;whether。
2.(2024·甘肃酒泉·三模)沈腾喜欢演喜剧,因为他擅长逗人笑。
Shen Teng likes working in comedy because he is good at people .
【答案】 making laugh
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,空处指“逗人笑”的英文,make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”,laugh“笑”为动词,因be good at“擅长”后可跟动名词,故填making;laugh。
3.(22-23九年级上·重庆北碚·期末)工人们承诺了年底前会将房子修建完毕。(完成译句)
The workers promised to the house by the end of the year.
【答案】 have/get finished
【解析】根据中英文对照可知缺少的内容是“将房子修建完毕”,have/ get sth done“让某事被做”,第一空前“promised to”后加动词原形,所以填have/ get;finish表示“完成”,其过去分词为finished。故填have/ get;finished。
4. 我怎样才能使我的父母改变他们的主意呢?
How can I ?
【答案】make my parents change their minds/get my parents to change their minds
【解析】make sb do sth/get sb to do sth“使某人做某事”,my parents“我的父母”,change their minds“改变他们的主意”,情态动词can后用动词原形。故填make my parents change their minds/get my parents to change their minds。
题型三 单词拼写
一、及物动词和不及物动词
1.(2024·江苏扬州·一模)The forest lots of oxygen and helps cool the weather. (产生)
【答案】produces
【解析】句意:森林产生大量氧气,有助于凉爽天气。根据汉语“产生”提示,应是动词produce,由于“and helps”可知时态为一般现在时,所以是produces。故填produces。
2.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)You will (to be successful) if you hold on to your dreams and keep on trying.
【答案】succeed
【解析】句意:如果你坚持你的梦想并不断尝试,你就会成功。根据句子及英文解释可知,句中缺少谓语,succeed成功,动词,情态动词will后跟动词原形。故填succeed。
3.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)We can manage to c (控制) our reading speed with proper practice.
【答案】(c)ontrol
【解析】句意:我们能够设法成功通过合适的训练,控制我们的阅读速度。“控制”对应的英文为control,manage to do sth.设法成功做某事。故填(c)ontrol。
4.(2023·新疆·三模)My parents don’t a me to hang out with friends on weekdays.
【答案】(a)llow
【解析】句意:我的父母不允许我和朋友在工作日闲逛。助动词don’t后面跟动词原形。hang out with friends on weekdays意为“和朋友在工作日闲逛”。结合首字母a可知,此处要表达“允许”的意思。也就是说“我和朋友在工作日闲逛”这种事情是不被父母允许的。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故填(a)llow。
5.(2022·江苏宿迁·三模)Our teacher often (give sb. the courage to do sth.) us not to be afraid of the failure.
【答案】encourages
【解析】句意:我们的老师经常鼓励我们不要害怕失败。根据英文提示“give sb. the courage to do sth.”给某人勇气去做某事,可知,是动词“encourage”,主语“Our teacher”是第三人称单数,故填encourages。
二、系动词
1.(2024·甘肃兰州·二模)Don’t laugh at others when they (be) in trouble.
【答案】are
【解析】句意:不要在别人有困难的时候嘲笑他们。该句时态为一般现在时,主语是they,be动词用are。故填are。
2.(2024·四川德阳·二模)This piece of music s beautiful but a little sad.
【答案】(s)ounds
【解析】句意:这首音乐听起来很美,但有点伤感。根据“This piece of music...beautiful but a little sad.”可知,音乐听起来很美,sound“听起来”,句子用一般现在时,主语是单数,谓语动词用单三。故填(s)ounds。
3.(2024·四川乐山·二模)The cakes in the restaurant (尝起来) nice, so they sell well.
【答案】taste
【解析】句意:这家餐馆的蛋糕尝起来很好吃,所以卖得很好。taste“尝起来”,时态为一般现在时,主语The cakes是复数,谓语动词用原形。故填taste。
4.(2022·四川遂宁·模拟预测)That music (听起来) very beautiful. I like it a lot.
【答案】sounds
【解析】句意:那音乐听起来很美。我很喜欢。“听起来”sound,感官系动词;根据“ I like it a lot”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语是That music,谓语动词用三单形式。故填sounds。
5.(2022·江苏无锡·一模)Who let out the news that still remained (know)? It made the boss really angry.
【答案】unknown
【解析】句意:谁泄露了这个仍然未知的消息?这让老板非常生气。remain“仍然是”,系动词,跟形容词作表语;根据“It made the boss really angry”可知,是泄露了未知的消息。unknown是形容词“未知的”。故填unknown。
三、助动词
1.(2024·江苏无锡·二模)Simon is creative? you (mean) he can always make up an excuse when he makes a mistake?
【答案】 Do mean
【解析】句意:西蒙很有创造力?你的意思是他犯了错误总能编个借口吗?mean“意思是”,动词,本句是疑问句,主语是you,结合“he can always”可知,主句时态应是一般现在时,其前应用助动词do构成疑问句语序,后跟动词原形,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Do;mean。
2..The police trying their best to find the missing child. I believe they will succeed in finding him.
【答案】are
【解析】句意:警察正在尽力寻找那个失踪的孩子。我相信他们会成功找到他的。根据“trying their best”可知,空处用助动词be与trying一起构成进行时,结合“believe”可知,此处应是现在进行时am/is/are doing;由“their”可知,此处的主语是复数概念,因此be用are。故填are。
3.(21-22九年级上·江苏无锡·期中)My wife and I (live) here since twenty years ago.
【答案】have lived
【解析】句意:我和妻子二十年前就住在这里了。根据“since twenty years ago”可知,此处用现在完成时,其结构是have/has done的形式,主语是My wife and I是复数形式,助动词用have,live是动词,居住,过去分词是lived,故填have lived。
4.(2024·上海崇明·一模)If you keep on working hard, you will sooner or later. (success)
【答案】succeed
【解析】句意:如果你继续努力,你迟早会成功的。success是名词,will后跟动词原形succeed,故填succeed。
四、情态动词
(一)can
1.(2022·江苏连云港·二模)Some visitors will come tomorrow, who can (带领他们参观)our school?
【答案】show them around
【解析】句意:明天会有一些参观者来,谁能带他们参观我们的学校?“show sb around”意为“带领某人参观”,“他们”位于动词“show”之后,应该使用人称代词宾格;“them”意为“他们”;根据情态动词“can”可知,后接动词原形。故填show them around。
2.I find the way to the hospital. you show me the way? (can)
【答案】 can’t Could/Can
【解析】句意:我找不到去医院的路,你能给我指路吗?根据“show me the way”可知,我找不到路,故第一空用can的否定形式can’t;根据“...you show me the way?”可知,此处表示请求,故用“Can/Could you do sth”句型。故填can’t;Could/Can。
3.(22-23九年级上·湖南常德·期末)—I wonder if these are Jim’s glasses.
—They be his. He doesn’t wear glasses.
【答案】can’t
【解析】句意:——我想知道这是不是吉姆的眼镜。——他们不可能是他的。他不戴眼镜。根据“He doesn’t wear glasses.”可知,表示不可能,所以是can’t。故填can’t。
(二)could
1.(22-23九年级上·浙江金华·期末)It was fantastic — you (能够) see the whole city, the river and the hills beyond.
【答案】could
【解析】句意:这真是太棒了——你能够看到整个城市、河流和远处的山丘。根据“It was fantastic”,可知时态为一般过去时,could“能够”,情态动词,后跟动词原形see。故填could。
2.(2022·浙江杭州·二模)It’s cold in this room. Could you close the window, p ?
【答案】(p)lease
【解析】句意:这个房间很冷。 请把窗户关上好吗?这是一个表示请求的句子,could you do sth., please“请你做某事好吗”,故填(p)lease。
3.(22-23九年级上·湖南常德·期末)—My phone doesn’t work. I use yours?
—Sure. Here you are.
【答案】May/Could
【解析】句意:——我的手机坏了,我能用你的吗?——当然。给你。空格处所在的句子表示请求,此处表示委婉语气,应用may或could引出句子。首字母大写。故填May/Could。
4.She could be (shop) in the supermarket.
【答案】shopping
【解析】句意:她可能正在超市购物。根据空格前面的could be,可知此处考查“could be doing”结构,“could be doing”是属于情态动词的过去进行时态,是对过去情况的推测,表示过去可能正在做什么事情;提示词shop在句中用作动词,意思是“购物”,shop的-ing形式是shopping,故填shopping。
(三)may
1.— I do all the exercises today?
—No, you . You do some of them.
【答案】 Must needn’t can/may
【解析】句意:——我必须今天做完所有的练习吗?——不,你不需要。你可以做一些。根据第一空后“I do all the exercises today?”可知本句是问我必须今天做完所有练习吗,此处应使用情态动词must引导一般疑问句,表示“……必须……吗”,其否定回答使用“don’t have to”或“needn’t”,you后面只有一个空格,故此处应使用needn’t。根据题干中的“No”和“do some of them”可知此处表示可以做一部分练习,may和can都意为“可以”。故填Must;needn’t;can/may。
2.—Where is Daniel, Jim?
—He (也许) be in the reading room.
【答案】may
【解析】句意:——丹尼尔在哪里,吉姆?——他也许在阅览室里。may“也许”,情态动词,表推测。故填may。
(四)might
The police didn’t know the short thin man (或许) have done something guilty.
【答案】might
【解析】句意:警察不知道这个又矮又瘦的男人可能做了什么坏事。或许:may,情态动词,此处表示一种可能性,句子时态是一般过去时,此处用may的过去式might。故填might。
(五)must
1.(2023·四川眉山·模拟预测)He lost his smart phone. He m find it.
【答案】(m)ust
【解析】句意:他的智能手机丢失了,他一定要找到它。根据“find”可知空处应是情态动词,后接动词原形,结合首字母提示可知是must“必须”。故填(m)ust。
2.Students play with fire in the classroom. It’s quite dangerous.
【答案】mustn’t
【解析】句意:学生禁止在教室里玩火。这很危险。根据“Students...play with fire in the classroom.”可知,很危险,所以学生禁止在教室里玩火,mustn’t“禁止”符合语境,故填mustn’t。
3.Students play with fire in the classroom. It’s quite dangerous.
【答案】mustn’t
【解析】句意:学生禁止在教室里玩火。这很危险。根据“Students...play with fire in the classroom.”可知,很危险,所以学生禁止在教室里玩火,mustn’t“禁止”符合语境,故填mustn’t。
(22-23八年级上·四川乐山·期末)Fifty dollars for such a shirt! You (一定) be joking!
【答案】must
【解析】句意:这么一件衬衫要50美元!你一定是在开玩笑!根据所给汉语意思及“Fifty dollars for such a shirt!”可知,一定是在开玩笑,应用情态动词must“一定”,表示肯定的推测。故填must。
(六)should
1.You (应该) speak English in class.
【答案】should
【解析】句意:你应该在课堂上说英语。should“应该”,为情态动词。故填should。
2.It’s nearly six o’clock. Jim be here at any moment.(用适当的情态动词填空)
【答案】should
【解析】句意:快6点了。按理说吉姆随时会来。表示根据常识以及语境,表示“按理说……;应该”用should,情态动词,后接动词原形。故填should。
3.We s learn to encourage (鼓励) our students when they are in trouble.
【答案】(s)hould
【解析】句意:当学生处于麻烦中时,我们应该学会鼓励我们的学生。根据首字母和“... learn to encourage (鼓励) our students when they are in trouble.”可知,空处应是表示建议,指学生遇到麻烦时,应该学会鼓励学生,空格处应该填should“应该”。故填(s)hould。
(七)情态动词后加动词原形
1.(24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期末)Sam should to she teacher for being late for class. (apology)
【答案】apologize
【解析】句意:山姆应该为上课迟到向老师道歉。apology“道歉”,名词,should后应跟动词原形。apology的动词形式是apologize,故填apologize。
2.— I (get) you a copy of today’s newspaper? —Thank you.
【答案】 Shall get
【解析】句意:——我给你拿一份今天的报纸好吗?——非常感谢。根据“...I...you a copy of today’s newspaper?”可知,应表达我给你拿份报纸好吗,主语是第一人称I,表示“请求、许可”,用情态动词shall,位于句首,首字母大写,后面加动词原形。故填Shall;get。
(八)will表示意愿
1.First, I will e the rules of the game.
【答案】explain
【解析】句意:首先,我会解释游戏规则。根据所给空前面的will可知,应该填的是动词原形,由 the rules of the game可知,应该是解释游戏规则,explain意为“解释”,故填explain。
2. you play games with us? (用适当的情态动词填空)
【答案】Can/Could/Will
【解析】句意:你能和我们一起玩游戏吗?can和could表示请求和许可,could比较委婉;主语为第二人称时,可用will,用于疑问句中表示邀请和请求。开头字母要大写,故填Can/Could/Will。
(九)would
1.(24-25七年级上·四川内江·期中)I w like to be our English teacher’s friend.
【答案】(w)ould
【解析】句意:我想要成为我们英语老师的朋友。根据“I … like to be our English teacher’s friend.”和首字母提示可知,是指想成为老师的朋友,would like to do sth“想要做某事”。故填(w)ould。
2.(20-21七年级上·全国·单元测试)Would you please (help) me with my homework?
【答案】help
【解析】句意:请你帮助我做家庭作业可以吗?would是情态动词,表示请求,其后跟动词原形;would you please do sth.表示“请你做某事可以吗?”,固定用法。故填help。
(十)dare
(24-25九年级上·全国·单元测试)She’s very strict. We don’t dare a word unless she asks us to do so.(say)
【答案】to say
【解析】句意:她非常严格。除非她叫我们说,否则我们一句话也不敢说。考查“dare”作为实义动词的用法。“dare”作为实义动词,后常接动词不定式:dare to do sth.敢于做某事,空白处应填写动词的不定式。故填to say。
(十一)have to
(23-24九年级上·江苏南京·期末)The airline had to (取消) all flights because of the unexpected weather conditions.
【答案】cancel
【解析】句意:由于意外的天气状况,航空公司不得不取消所有航班。had to do sth“不得不做某事”,空处应填动词原形,动词cancel意为“取消”。故填cancel。
(十二)had better
1.(2024·云南昆明·二模)You’d better not to your parents or teachers, which is very impolite.(顶嘴)
【答案】talk back
【解析】句意:你最好不要和你的父母或老师顶嘴,这是很不礼貌的。talk back“顶嘴”,had better not do sth“最好不要做某事”,故填talk back。
(十三)ought to
2.(23-24九年级上·云南德宏·期末)As one of the family members, we ought to . (做家务)
【答案】do housework
【解析】句意:作为家庭成员之一,我们应该做家务。根据中文提示,do housework“做家务”符合题意,为固定短语,故填do housework。
(十四)使役动词
1.(2023·上海青浦·二模)The magician surprised the audience by making the rabbit in his hat. (appear)
【答案】disappear
【解析】句意:魔术师让兔子消失在帽子里,让观众大吃一惊。分析句子结构,make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,make是使役动词,后面跟动词原形。根据“The magician surprised the audience”和所给词可知,是让兔子消失在帽子里,appear“出现,呈现”,disappear“消失,不见”。故填disappear。
2.Let’s stop working and (放松)ourselves for half an hour.
【答案】relax
【解析】句意:让我们停止工作,放松半个小时。
根据汉语提示可知,此处使用relax;relax是动词,根据句中Let’s可知,此处是祈使句,使用动词原形。故填relax。
3.(2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测)Nowadays anyone who enters the school must have his or her temperature (take).
【答案】taken
【解析】句意:现在任何进入学校的人都必须量体温。根据题干,“temperature”和“take”之间是被动关系,have sth done“让某事被做”,故此处要用take的过去分词taken。故填taken。
4.The house had already got when I arrived. (burn)
【答案】burned/burnt
【解析】句意:我到的时候房子已经被烧毁了。burn“燃烧”,动词。get done“把某事做了”,burn的过去分词为burned/burnt。故填burned/burnt。
五、动词短语
1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)Computers are widely used to railways and fly planes in our life. (operation)
【答案】operate
【解析】句意:在我们的生活中,计算机被广泛用于操纵铁路和驾驶飞机。be used to do sth.“被用于做某事”,是固定词组,operate“操作”,动词。故填operate。
2.(2024·四川·中考真题)They p to read books rather than watch TV in their free time.
【答案】(p)refer
【解析】句意:他们在空闲时间更喜欢读书而不是看电视。根据“to read books rather than watch TV in their free time.”可知与看电视相比更喜欢读书,prefer to do rather than do“宁愿做也不愿做”,句子用一般现在时,主语是they,谓语动词用原形。故填(p)refer。
3.(2024·四川·中考真题)We truly c about animals, so we volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend.
【答案】(c)are
【解析】句意:我们真的很关心动物,所以我们每个周末都在当地的动物收容所做志愿者。根据“so we volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend.”可知因为关心动物,所以在当地的动物收容所做志愿者,care about“关心”,句子用一般现在时,主语是we,谓语动词用原形。故填(c)are。
4.(2024·四川德阳·中考真题)The mother asks her son to take a s in the bathroom before he goes to bed every night.
【答案】(s)hower
【解析】句意:妈妈让儿子每天晚上睡觉之前先去浴室洗个澡。根据“in the bathroom before he goes to bed every night”可知,睡前应该在浴室洗澡,动词短语take a shower表示 “洗淋浴”。故填(s)hower。
5.(2024·四川眉山·中考真题)—Look at the CDs here. I p folk music to pop music.
—So do I.
【答案】(p)refer
【解析】句意:——看这里的CD。比起流行音乐,我更喜欢民间音乐。——我也一样。根据首字母及“I…folk music to pop music.”可知,此处是prefer…to…“比起……更喜欢……”。本句是一般现在时,主语是第一人称,谓语动词用其原形。故填(p)refer。
6.(2024·云南·中考真题)I want to be an astronaut and I hope my dream will in the future. (实现)
【答案】come true
【解析】句意:我想成为一名宇航员,我希望我的梦想在未来能够实现。come true“实现”,will后用动词原形,故填come true。
7.(2024·云南·中考真题)The bus was so crowded that they had to the next one. (等待)
【答案】wait for
【解析】句意:公共汽车太挤了,他们不得不等下一辆。wait for“等待”,had to后用动词原形,故填wait for。
8.(2024·安徽·中考真题)The Shenzhou-17 team h (交) over their work to the Shenzhou-18 team on April 30th.
【答案】(h)anded
【解析】句意:4月30日,神舟十七号团队将工作移交给了神舟十八号团队。根据首字母及汉语提示可知,此处是hand over“移交,转交”,动词短语。结合“on April 30th”可知,时态是一般过去时,谓语动词用其过去式。故填(h)anded。
9.(2024·四川宜宾·中考真题)I am looking f to hearing from you.
【答案】(f)orward
【解析】句意:我期待着你的消息。look forward to“期待”,固定短语,故填(f)orward。
10.(2024·山东日照·中考真题)We all took p in the astronauts in Shenzhou 17, who landed safe on April
【答案】(p)ride
【解析】句意:我们都为神舟17号的宇航员感到自豪,他们于4月30日安全着陆。根据“We all took…in the astronauts in Shenzhou 17”可知表示为神舟17号的宇航员感到自豪,“感到自豪”应使用短语“take pride in”,故填(p)ride。
题型四 完形填空
( 2023陕西中考节选) I used to love listening to my mother sing songs.When I first lost my hearing,I was sad that I __________never again hear my mother sing.
A.can B.could C.have to D.had to
【答案】B
【解析】根据“I was sad that I...never again hear my mother sing”可知,“我”悲伤的原因是“我”再也无法听到妈妈唱歌了。此处需要表示 能力的情态动词,主句用一般过去时,从句也要用过去的时态,故选B。
题型五 短句、短文填空
1.(2023云南中考)Amy is my best friend. She's always there to be a good .(listen)
【答案】listener
【解析】结合空前的a good 可知,空处应填名词单数。根据句意可知,这里表示她是一个很好的倾听者。故填listener。
2.(2023河北中考改编)When he got to my desk he looked at my picture and said,“Wow!I like hose bright colors!That's great!”I felt _________(relax)at once.
【答案】relaxed
【解析】设空处位于系动词felt的后面,应用形容词作表语。分析句子可知,设空处描述的是主语I的感受,应用-ed结尾的形容词表示“放松的”。故填relaxed。
3. (2023江苏扬州改编)Peter Pan wishes Wendy,John and Michael, especially Wendy,would stay in Neverland forever but finally the Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.
Mrs.Darling is playing the piano.Peter didn't know the tune,Home,Sweet Home,but he knows it's saying, “Come back,Wendy, Wendy,Wendy.”Peter looks through the door and sees two big tears in Mrs.Darling's eyes.
“She loves Wendy,”he thinks.“But I love Wendy,too.We c both have her.”
【答案】can't
【解析】空后有动词原形have,空处应考虑填情态动词。根据上文“She loves Wendy”及“But I love Wendy,too.”并结合语境可知,Peter Pan 和Darling 夫人都爱着Wendy, 但是他们两个不能同时和她在一起。结合首字母提示及全文时态可知,答案为can't。
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专题14 动词(清单+专练)
目录
★知识点1 动词的分类 2
★知识点2 动词分类详解 2
★知识点3 动词的基本形式 13
★知识点4 短语动词与动词短语 14
★考点和题型 17
★专项过关训练 20
★知识点1 动词的分类
动词是用来描述主语动作或状态的词。动词在句中作谓语,是句子不可缺少的部分,用来说明主语是什么、做什么或处于什么状态。
类别
用法
示例
实义动词
根据动词后是否接宾语
及物动词
一般情况下,其后跟宾语意义才完整,有被动语态。
give
给
invent
发明;
创造
take
拿;取
不及物动词
动词本身意义完整,其后无需跟宾语。如果接宾语,要先接介词或副词,没有被动语态。
come
来
go
去
happen
发生
根据动词动作是否持续
延续性动词
动作可持续,常与for/since等引导的时间状语连用。
study
学习
live
居住
eat
吃
非延续性动词
动作不可持续,在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用;在否定句中与表示时间段的状语连用。
go
去
leave
离开
open
打开
(连)系动词
本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟表语构成系表结构,否则意义不完整。
be
是
feel
感觉
look
看起来
助动词
本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,可用来构成各种时态、 语态、语气以及否定句和疑问句等。
be
do/does
/did
have/has
/had
情态动词
本身有词义,不能单独作谓语,与动词原形连用,构成谓语,一般没有人称和数的变化。
can
能;会
may
可以
must
必须
★知识点2 动词分类详解
一、实义动词
实义动词是指具有完整意义的动词。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词;能直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。根据动词所表示的动作是否可以持续可分为持续性(延续性)动词和终止性(非延续性)动词。
1.及物动词和不及物动词
(1)及物动词(vt.)
能直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。英语中的动词大多数为及物动词。其具体分类如下:
分类
用法
例句
跟单宾语的及物动词
其后只跟一个宾语
I love China.
我爱中国。
跟双宾语的及物动词
可同时跟两个宾语。双宾语中一个宾语指人,称为间接宾语;一个宾语指物,称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。直接宾语提前时,后面需加介词。
Please give me that pen.
=Please give that pen to me.
请把那支笔给我。
跟复合宾语 的及物动词
跟名词作宾语补足语
We call him Xiao Wang.
我们叫他小王。
跟形容词作宾语补足语
Keep the window open.
让窗户开着。
跟介词短语作宾语补足语
I left a case on the train.
跟动名词短语作宾语补足语
Don't keep me waiting.
表达持续的动作或状态。
跟不定式作宾语补足语
My mother asks me to get up early.
我妈妈让我早点起床。
跟现在分词作宾语补足语
Don’t keep your children watching TV all the time.
不要让你的孩子一直在看电视。
跟过去分词作宾语补足语
I must get my bicycle fixed.
我得让人修理一下我的自行车了。
温馨提示:
直接宾语提前时,需要加介词to的及物动词有:give 、pass 、lend 、write、 show、send、hand 和bring 这8个及物动词,当直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上to。即“vt. +sth.+to+sb.”。可记忆为“七给”一“带”to不少。
(2)不及物动词(vi.)
①概念
本身意义完整,后面不必跟宾语的实义动词,叫作不及物动词(intransitive verb)。例如:
Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨晚的会上发了言。
②常见的不及物动词:
swim
游泳
run
跑
happen
发生
lie
躺
appear
出现
stand
站立
come
来
go
去
cry
哭
sit
坐
stay
停留
rise
升起
apologize
道歉
fall
掉落
exist
存在
live
居住
smile微笑
wait
等待
知识拓展:
兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词.这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
(1)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的.(left作不及物动词)
(2)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如:
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手.
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
易错警示:
1.不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语,如果要跟宾语,必须在不及物动词后加上相应的介词或副词。
He arrived at the airport yesterday.他昨天到达了机场。(arrived是不及物动词)
She listened to the music quietly.她安静地听音乐。(listened是不及物动词)
2.英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如 answer、begin/start、close、improve、 learn、leave、prepare、sing. 这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(begin作及物动词)
The news starts at 7p.m.新闻在晚上7点开始。(start为不及物动词)
She started college last year.她去年开始上大学。(start为及物动词)
(3)延续性动词
①概念
延续性动词表示可以持续的动作,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用,如" for+一段时间”、“since +从句”、“since+时间点”、“how long”等。 例如:
He has lived here for five years.
他住在这儿已经五年了。(延续性动词与“ for+一段时间”连用)
She has been working here since 2010.
她从2010年起就在这里工作了。(延续性动词与"since+时间点”连用)
②常见的延续性动词:
drink
喝
lie
躺
stand
站立
wait
等
read
读
eat
吃
study
学习
wear
穿
keep
保持
play
玩
fly
飞
sing
唱
work
工作
have
有
know
认识
play
玩耍
watch
观看
rain
下雨
learn
学习
live
居住
sleep
睡觉
smoke
抽烟
talk
说话
wait
等待
知识拓展:
1.持续性动词表示一时的动作时,可以在该动词前加get/ begin/come to。
We came to know each other twenty years ago.
我们在二十年前就相识了。
2.终止性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
(4)非延续性动词
①概念
非延续性动词又叫终止性动词或瞬间动词,表示动作是瞬间完成的,是不可持续,不可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
②常见的非延续性动词
die
死亡
begin
开始
buy
买
come
来
arrive
到达
borrow
借
hit
击中
marry
结婚
cause
导致;引起
start
开始
leave
离开
open
打开
close
关闭
break
(使)破;裂
lose
丢失
stop
停止
jump
跳
go
去
知识拓展:
①持续性动词表示一时的动作时,可以在该动词前加get/ begin/come to。
We came to know each other twenty years ago.
我们在二十年前就相识了。
②终止性动词一般不用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
2.系动词
系动词又称连系动词,是连接主语和表语的动词,后面一般跟形容词、名词等,说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身份、变化和结果等。 其详细分类如下:
类别
系动词
示例
状态类
用来表示主语状态,只有be动词(am/is/ are/ was/ were)。
Jenny is a helpful girl.
珍妮是一个乐于助人的女孩。
It was so hot on the slow train.
慢速的火车太热了。
持续类
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, stay, remain, lie等。
She keeps fit by walking after supper every day.
她每天晚饭后通过走路来保持健康。
He always keeps silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
感官类
表示人类感官活动的动词,包括视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉,包括look, smell,sound, taste,feel。
The flower smells good.
花闻起来很香。
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布摸起来很软。
变化类
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。
He became mad after that.
自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就富了。
表象类
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有appear, seem, look。
He looks tired.
他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
知识拓展:
become、get、go、come表变化时的区别
①become和get多指人的情绪或身体状态的变化,也用于表示天气的变化或社会的发展变化,两者可以互换。get是口语用得多,get能替代become, become较正式。
②go多指由好到坏的变化,come可以表示向好的方面变化。例句如下:
It's becoming/getting cold
天气正在变冷。
Hearing what he said,the teacher got/became angry.
听到他所说的话,老师生气了。
I hope you will get/become well soon.
我希望你不久能痊愈。
We became got thirsty.
我们渴了。
If you eat such food you’ll get /become fat.
如果你吃那样的食物你会发胖的。
3 .助动词
助动词本身无意义,只是帮助实义动词完成某些语法功能,如表示时态、语态,构成否定句、疑问句等,不能单独作谓语。助动词主要有be、do、have、shall、will等 。
(1)助动词be的用法:
be 用作助动词时,有人称、数和时态等的变化,可与现在分词构成进行时态,与过去分词构成被动语态。be的常见变形和用法如下:
人称
数
现在时态
过去时态
现在分词
过去分词
第一人称
单数
am
was
being
been
复数
are
were
第二人称
单/复数
are
were
第三人称
单数
is
was
复数
are
were
用法
例句
构成现在进行时、过去进行时。
Jane is doing a project about family history.
简正在做一项有关家族史的项目。
构成现在/过去某种时态的被动语态。
The earliest kites were made of wood,instead of paper.
最早的风筝是用木头做的,而不是用纸做的。
知识拓展:
be用作系动词和助动词的区别
1.be作系动词时,后面要接表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征等,句中一般不含有实义动词。
He is ill.他病了。(说明主语的状态)
2.be作助动词时,用来协助主要动词,表示时态、语态、疑问、否定等,句中含有实义动词。
He is singing.他在唱歌。(帮助表示时态)
记忆口诀:
助动词的用法
时态、人称、疑问、否,
be,do,have,will/shall少不了。
现在分词表进行,离开be动事难行。
要想构成完成时,have,had做标志。
一般疑问句,助动词放到句首去。
变否定,也简单,助动词后面加not。
(2) do的用法:
助动词主要帮助实义动词构成否定句和疑问句。有时可以放在谓语动词前面 起强调的作用,还可以代替前面刚出现过的动词以避免重新。do的第三人称单数是does,过去时是did。
用法
示例
构成疑问句
Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?
Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?
构成否定句
Don't judge a book by its cover.不要以貌取人。
I do not want to be criticized.我不想被批评。
表示强调
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
代替上文出现过的词,避免重复
He works harder than you do.他工作比你工作努力。
I like coffee,but my parents don’t.我喜欢喝咖啡,但我的父母不喜欢。
温馨提示:
1.助动词do 帮助实义动词构成 否定句或疑问句,以及对实义动词进行强调时,实义动词一定要用原形。
2.do本身也可作实义动词,这时在疑问句和否定句中仍要加助动词。
What did you do this morning? 你今天早上做什么了?
记忆口诀:
do的用法
实义动词“做”和“干”,
主语“单三”用does。
简略回答可用do,
代替“上述”免重复。
don't加“动原”构否定,
do加陈述、疑问型。
(3)助动have的用法:
助动词have在句中有人称、数和时态的变化,主要是与动词的过去分词构成完成时态。
形式
肯定式
缩略肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
've
have not
haven't,'ve not
第三人称单数
has
's
has not
hasn't,'s not
过去式
had
'd
had not
hadn't,'d not
He has phoned me about your coming.他已经打电话把你要来的事告诉我了。(现在完成时)
I told him I was playing for school team and I had been his fan for years.(过去时和现在完成时)
我告诉他我是学校球队的队员,多年来我一直是他的粉丝。
(4)will、would、shall、should的用法
will、shall用于构成一般将来时,would、should用于构成过去将来时;shall、should主要用于第一人称;will、would可用于所有人称。
肯定式
缩略肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
will
'll
will not
won't,'ll not
would
'd
would not
wouldn't,'d not
shall
'll
shall not
shan't
should
'd
should not
shouldn't
例句:
You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。
They said it would be fine the next day.他们说第二天会好起来的。
When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你?
I thought I should finish the work by Friday.我想我应该在星期五之前完成工作。
4.情态动词
情态动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,需和实义动词或系表结构一起构成谓语,表明说话者对某一行为的态度和观点,主要包括揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to 除外);情态动词后必须接动词原形。
(1) 常见的情态动词及其否定式
情态动词
否定式
否定缩略形式
情态动词
否定式
否定缩略形式
can
cannot
can't
could
could not
couldn't
may
may not
might
might not
must
must not
mustn't
shall
shall no
should
should not
shouldn't
will
will not
won't
would
would not
wouldn't
need
need not
needn't
have to
do not have to
don't have to
ought to
ought not to
oughtn't to
dare
dare not
daren't
had better
had better not
d better not
(2)常见的情态动词的用法:
情态动词
含义及用法
示例
can/ could
表示现在的能力,意为“能、会”, could为can的过去式。否定式can't/ couldn't,意为“不能,不会”。
I can cook simple meals.我能做简单的饭。
Sorry,I can’t follow you.Please say it again.
对不起,我不能跟你走。请再说一遍。
表示请求、允许,意为“可以”;当需要委婉表达时用could;回答用can或can't/ cannot。
—Can we eat in the classroom?
我们能在教室里吃饭吗?
—No,we can’t.
不,我们不能。
表示推测,常用于否定句和疑问句中;can't表示否定推测,语气强烈,意为“不可能”。
That can’t be Tom.She has gone abroad.
那不可能是汤姆。她出国了。
must
表示主观语气,有必要或有义务去做某事,表示“必须、一定”。
You must finish the project by Monday.
你必须在周一前完成这个项目。
表示推测,意为“一定是”“准是”,指有根据的、比较有把握的推测。
He must be sleeping now.
他现在一定是在睡觉。
意为“非要、偏要”,表示气恼或愤怒。
Must you waste so much time?
你偏要浪费这么多时间吗?
may
表示请求、许可,用来征求对方的意见,比can 更正式,肯定回答常用can,否定回答用mustn't/can't/ may not。
May I take your order?
你要点单了吗?
表示允许、同意某人做某事,此时可与can互换。
You may come if you wish.
如果你想来,你就来。
表示可能性,意为“也许、可能”。
His answer may be right.
他的回答可能是对的。
表示祝愿,在正式场合或书面语中表示祝愿时,常放在句首。
May you have a good time!
祝你玩得愉快!
might
may的过去式,常用于间接引语中。
She worried that I might be angry.
她担心我可能会生气。
表示请求、许可,语气比may委婉。
He asked if he might go home.
他问他是否可以回家。
表示不确定的推测,意为“可能”,可能性小于may,语气更委婉。
He told me he might be late.
他告诉我他可能会迟到。
need
意为“需要”;否定形式为needn’t,意为“不需要”。以must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答needn’t 或don’t have。
—Must I wash my clothes at once,Mom?
我必须马上洗衣服吗,妈妈?
—No,you needn’t.You may wash them before 5:00 p.m.
不,你不需要。你可以在下午5点前清洗它们。
should
可以表示责任或义务,也可以表示劝诫或建议,意为“应该”。
We should work hard to protect our world.
我们应该努力保护我们的世界。
表示提供或征求建议。
What should I do? 我该怎么办?
Should I trust him? 我应该相信他吗?
表示做某事是正确或明智的,往往表示说话者的观点。
I think the young people should really respect their elders.
我认为年轻人真应当尊敬他们的长辈。
表示征求意见,常用于疑问句。
Should I take my temperature?
我要量体温吗?
ought to
可以表示责任或义务,也可以表示劝诫或建议,意为“应该”。
You ought to be more careful next time.
下次你应该更小心才是。
表示根据一定的依据进行推测,意为“按道理说应该”。
She ought to pass her English exam.
她应该通过英语考试。
shall
用于主语是第一、三人称的疑问句时,表示请求或征求对方意见。
Shall I close the window?It's so cold.
我能关上窗户吗?太冷了。
用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话者的意图、决心、许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。
Those members of our club shall wear uniforms.
我们俱乐部的那些成员都要穿制服。
will/ would
表示请求对方做某事或提出建议和邀请(would比will语气更委婉、客气)
Will you come with us?
你会和我们一起去吗?
表示自愿做或主动提出做某事,如意志、愿望或决心等。
I would like to go to the Tian anmen Square.
我想去天安门广场。
had better
“最好”,表示劝告和建议 。 否定形式h a d better not,“最好不要”。
He had better stay in bed tomorrow.
他最好明天卧床休息。
have to
多表示客观必要,即客观要求(无奈)而为之,意为“不得不”,有人称、数和时态的变化。由have to构成的一般疑问句中,肯定回答用must;否定回答用needn’t 或don’t/ doesn’t have to。
—Dad,must I become a lawyer when I grow up?
爸爸,我长大以后一定要成为一名律师吗?
—No,you don’t to.不,你不必。
dare
用作情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式(dared)。主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中。
She dare not speak in public.
她不敢在公共场合发言。
used to
意为“曾经”,表示过去常常做某事或曾经存在某种状态,used to后跟动词原形,没有人称和数的变化;否定形式为usedn’t to或didn’t use to。
I used to go to a university in Chengdu.
我过去在成都的一所大学上学。
shall的口诀助记:
shall二、三人称用,允诺、命令、要求加警告。
shall问句表征询,第一人称用得妙。
need的口诀助记:
need 作情态动词, 此时不常用肯定;
其后直接跟动词, 多用疑问和否定。
need作实义动词,后接名、代、不定式。
need后接动名词,主动形式表被动。
知识拓展:
“needn't have+过去分词” 表示“本不必做但实际上做了某事”。
We had plenty of bread,so I needn't have bought another loaf.
我们有许多面包,因此我本没有必要再买一条。
易混辨析:
need后加 to do说明need为实义动词,需用助动词构成疑问句或否定句;need后加doing 表示被动意义;若need后加do,则need为情态动词。
(3)常见的情态动词辨析
类别
用法
例句
can/could/
be able to的区别
can和could只能用于一般现在时或一般过去时,而be able to可用于各种时态;be able to可与情态动词连用,can则不能。
I could play football very well when I was at school,but now I can't.
我在学校的时候可以踢得很好,但现在我不能了。
can更侧重于表达主语本身就具备的能力,这种能力是内在的、固有的。而be able to则更侧重于描述通过努力或学习后获得的能力,或者是在某个具体条件下才能实现的可能性。
She can sing high notes naturally.
她天生就能唱高音。
After months of practice, he was finally able to play that complex piano piece.
经过几个月的练习,他终于能够弹奏那首复杂的钢琴曲了。
can和could表示能力、允许、许可或推测,但be able to只表示能力。
You can take this seat,if you want.
如果你愿意,你可以坐这个座位。
表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to,这时was/were able to相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
他在战争爆发前就已经逃离了欧洲。
=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
must和have to的区别
must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而have to则有多种时态形式。
She said (that) she must go with me.
她说她一定要同我一起去。
They have had to buy a car.
他们不得不买了辆小汽车。
must意为“必须”时,表示主观需要或有必要做某事通常着重指说话者的主观看法;而have to表示因环境所迫而做某事,着重于客观需要,意为“不得不”。
It’s late. I have to go now.
时间晚了。我得走了。It’s late. I must go now.
时间很晚了。我必须走了。
must没有人称、数和时态的变化,否定形式mustn’t,意为“不许,禁止”,have to有人称、数和时态的变化,否定形式为don’t/ doesn’t have to,意为“不必”,相当于needn’t。
You mustn’t tell him about it.
你一定不要告诉他这件事。
You don’t have to tell him about it.
你不必告诉他这件事。
need
作实义动词时,主要用于肯定句中,有人称、时态和数的变化,后常接带to的不定式。其否定式和疑问式都要借助助动词do。
He needs some money to buy new clothes.
他需要一些钱来买新衣服。
dare
用作实义动词,有人称、时态和数的变化,意为“敢于”。肯定句中要跟带to的不定式,而在否定句或疑问句中to可要可不要。
I do not dare(to)complain about the hard work.
(=I dare not complain about the hard work.)
我不敢抱怨工作辛苦。
★知识点3 动词的基本形式
英语中动词有五种基本形式,即动词原形、现在分词、一般现在时的第三人称单数、过去式和过去分词。
1. 动词原形:没有经过任何变形,即在词典词目中所使用的动词形式。如:be, do, have, come等 。
2. 动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
规则
发音规律
示例
一般情况下加-s
在清辅音后读/s/
help→helps
sit→sits坐
在元音音素或浊辅音后读/z/
know→knows知道
play→plays玩
read→reads阅读
以字母s,x,ch,sh结尾的动词,加-es
-es读作/Iz/
pass→passes通过
watch→watches
finish→finishes完成
以字母o结尾的动词加-es
-es读作/z/
do→does做;干
go→goes去;走
以“辅音字母+-y”结尾的动词,变y为i再加-es
-es读作/Iz/
carry→carries携带
study→studies学习
worry→worries担心
口诀助记:
动词有单三,词尾常把-s添。
词尾若是s,ch,sh,直接加上-es。
词尾有字母o上-es不用愁。
辅音字母加y,要把y变i再加-es。
3.规则动词的现在分词变化规则
规则
示例
一般情况下直接加-ing
sleep→sleeping睡觉
buy→buying购买
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing
write→writing写
use→using使用
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音 字母的动词,双写词尾辅音字母后再加-ing
sit→sitting开始
put→putting放
以ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加-ing
die→dying死
lie→lying躺
以ee结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see→seeing看见
以w或x结尾的动词,直接加-ing
snow→snowing下雪
3.规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化规则
规则
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
一般情况下,动词原形后加-ed
look
looked
looked
help
helped
helped
work
worked
worked
动词词尾为不发音的字母e,加-d
like
liked
liked
hope
hoped
hoped
live
lived
lived
动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”,变y为i, 再加-ed
try
tried
tried
study
studied
studied
cry
cried
cried
以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,则双写该辅音字母后加-ed
plan
planned
planned
stop
stopped
stopped
nod
nodded
nodded
★知识点4 短语动词与动词短语
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组,其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,有些则相当于不及物动词。
(1)动词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必须有宾语,宾语(不管是代词还是名词)只能放在介词后,不能放在动词和介词之间。例如:
①He wants to check with his secretary before he signs the paper.
在签署该项文件之前,他想跟他的秘书商议一下。
②She depends on her family for support. 她依赖家人的支持。
③I dream of becoming a doctor. 我梦想成为一名医生。
④I can't put up with his constant complaining. 我无法忍受他不断的抱怨。
⑤I hear from my mother every month. 我每月都接到母亲的信。
常见的“动词+介词”短语:
look at看
arrive at/in到达
laugh at嘲笑
care about 关心
worry about担心
deal with处理
care for照顾
look after照顾
wait for等候
play with玩;和……一起玩
account for 解释原因
approve of 赞成
believe in相信
hear from收到……的来信
come across 偶然遇见
depend on 依赖于
dream of梦想
knock at/on敲(门、窗等)
think of 想起
play with玩耍
(2)动词+副词:
①及物动词+副词:
相当于及物动词,可以用于被动语态,也可有宾语。如果宾语是名词,既可以放在副词之前,也可以放在副词之后;如果宾语是代词宾格,只能放在动词和副词中间。
常见的“动词+副词”短语:
bring in引进;引来
let in让…进来
put off推迟
hand out分发
find out查明;弄清
give up放弃;辞去
dress up打扮;装饰
hand in递交;上交
bring back拿回
bring up抚养
bring out阐明
point out 指出
Add up合计
Call back回电;收回
Carry on继续;参与
Knock over打翻;撞倒
例句:These are matters that you can bring up in committee.
这些事你可以在委员会上提出。
I must point the mistake out to my sister.
我必须向姐姐指出这个错误。
②不及物动词+副词:
不及物动词加副词,相当于一个不及物动词,这种结构不能用于被动语态,也不能加宾语。
常见的“不及物动词+副词”短语:
break down出故障
come over顺便来访
die away逐渐消失
die out灭绝;消失
break in打断
hurry up赶快
show up到场
pull up停车
warm up暖和起来
break out爆发
get up起床
sit down 坐下
give in让步
show off炫耀
grow up长大
take off起飞
例句:The war broke out in 1868.
1868年战争爆发。
He didn't want to fall behind in his studies.
他不愿意在学习上落后。
After all the recent excitements,all have begun to settle down again.
经过最近这些令人兴奋的事情之后,一切又都平静下来了。
(3)动词+副词+介词:
还有一部分短语动词由三个词构成,即“动词+副词+介词”,介词后跟宾语。例如:
catch up with
赶上
keep away from
远离
end up with
以……告终
come up with
提出;想出(主意等)
get along with
与……相处融洽
keep up with
跟上;不落后
go on with
继续做
get away from
摆脱
run out of
用完
put up with
忍受
keep up with
跟上
look forward to
期待;盼望
例句:He was looked down on because of his humble background.他家世寒微被人看不起。
I don't know how she puts up with him.我不明白她是怎么能容忍他。
You might come up against a bit of opposition.你可能会遭到一点反对。
(4)动词+名词:
这类动词短语中常见的动词有make、take等,短语意义主要取决于后面的名词。
例句: China's first National Ice Sports Games took place in Harbin.
中国首届全国运动会在哈尔滨举行。
(5)动词+名词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,需要接宾语, 大多可以用于被动语态。
常见的“动词+名词+介词”短语:
make friends with与……交友
make use of利用
make fun of 取笑
pay attention to 注意
Come out of由...产生;从……出来
Come up to达到;等于
Put up with忍受;容忍
Look up to尊敬
Face up to勇敢地面对
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take pride in以……为骄傲
例如:
You must pay attention to your pronunciation. 你必须注意你的发音。
→Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.
(6)动词+反身代词+介词:
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,如果不用反身代词,需用被动语态。
常见的“动词+反身代词+介词”:
dress oneself in(给自己)穿(衣服)
devote yourself to致力于;专心于
lose oneself in埋头于;专心于
★考点和题型
考点1 动词词义辨析
考查题型 单项选择、完形填空
——Dinner is ready. Help yourself, please!
——Wow! It _____________delicious.
A. tastes B.sounds C. turns D. gets
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——晚餐准备好了。请自便!——哇!它尝起来很美味。taste"有……味道”;
sound"听起来”;turn“变成”;get“变得”。空前的“It”指代前文提到的“Dinner",晚餐是尝起来美味,故选A。
步骤一:分析语境,阅读题干,推测空处所缺单词的含义。
步骤二:辨析选项意思,将选项分别代入题干,选择最佳答案。
考点 2 动词短语辨析
考查题型 单项选择、完形填空
(2023·湖北武汉·中考真题) ——Hard to believe. Luke won the school speech contest!
——He used to be shy, but his friends’ support ________ his confidence.
A.took away B.made up C.put away D.built up
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——难以置信。卢克赢得了学校演讲比赛!——他过去很害羞,但朋友们的支持增强考查动词短语。took away带走;made up编造;put away收起来;built up逐步增长。根据“He友的支持逐渐增长了他的自信。故选D。
步骤一:阅读题干,根据上下文的语境推测空处所缺动词短语的意义。
步骤二:辨析选项中动词短语的意思,选出正确的答案。若心中没有明确的答案,将选项分别代入题干,选择意义正确的动词短语。
考点3 动词填空
考法1 词形变化(主要和时态、语态或非谓语 动词相关)
考查题型 单句填空、语篇填空
(2023云南中考)Amy is my best friend. She's always there to be a good .(listen)
【答案】listener
【解析】结合空前的a good可知,空处应填名词单数。根据句意可知,这里表示她是一个很好的倾听者。故填listener。
步骤一:首先判断空处应填的词性,了解动词词形变化的规则。比如:
①动词变名词的情况:空处被形容词、冠词修饰;空处跟在及物动词或介词后作宾语;空处在谓语动词前作主语;
②动词变形容词的情况:空处跟在系动词后作表语;空处在名词前作定语;空处在副词前或后;
步骤二:根据上下文的语境,为题目提供的单词进行变形,写出正确的答案。
考点4 动词短语翻译
考查题型 完成句子(单词或短语翻译)
2023年,人工智能对人们的日常生活产生了这么重大的影响,我们都感到很不可思议。
In 2003, AI ________ people’s daily life that all of us felt unbelievable.
【答案】made such a great difference to/had such a great effect on/had such a great influence on/had such a great impact on
【解析】根据中文意思可知,空缺部分是“对……产生了这么重大的影响”,make a difference to/have
a/an..effect/influence/impact on“对……有影响”,动词短语;such“这么”;形容词great在句中可作定语修饰名词,表示“大的影响”;由语境可知,句子时态为一般过去时。故填made such a great difference to/had such a great effect on/had such a great influence on/had such a great impact on。
步骤一:分析题干,对比所给的中文句子和英语表达,确定空格缺少的内容。
步骤二:翻译所缺内容,考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等问题。
考点5情态动词辨析
考查题型 单项选择、完形填空
(2023·天津·中考)—Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow?
—Sorry,I'm afraid I__________.I'll work as a volunteer in my community.
A.can B.can't C.must D.mustn't
【答案】B
【解析】根据答句中的Sorry和“Ill work as a volunteer in my community.”可知,空处应表示“不能”,can't符合语境。故选B。
步骤一:阅读题干,根据句子的意思判断空格需要填入的情态动词的意义。
步骤二:分析选项中情态动词的用法,结合上下文的语境判断选出正确答案。
考 点 6 情态动词填空
考查题型 单句填空、语篇填空
(2024·安徽芜湖·二模)When the zoo had to c________ (取消) the birthday celebrations for the giant pandas due to the bad weather, many visitors felt deeply disappointed.
【答案】(c)ancel
【解析】句意:由于天气恶劣,动物园不得不取消大熊猫的生日庆祝活动,许多游客深感失望。取消:cancel,have to do sth.“不得不做某事”。故填(c)ancel。
步骤一:若词汇未给出,先根据语法判断空处应填情态动词(情态动词后跟动词原形), 根据语境判断空处所需要的词的意义, 选择对应的情态动词;若词汇已给出,可以直接使用步骤二的方法。
步骤二:结合语境判断用情态动词的哪种形式, 并进行恰当地变形。
步骤三:将答案代入语境,再次验证答案是否正确。
★专项过关训练题
考查题型一 单项选择
一、及物动词和不及物动词
(一)及物动词
1.(2024·海南省直辖县级单位·一模)I ________ a new pair of shoes. I need to buy a new shirt instead.
A.don’t need B.needn’t C.don’t need to
2.(2023·四川凉山·模拟预测)—When did you reach ________ Xichang?
—We got there ________ the evening of this Saturday.
A.in; in B.不填; in C.不填; on
3.(2022·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)Which part is the VERB of the following sentence “I often borrow some books from the library.”?
A.often B.borrow C.from D.library
4.I bought my mother some flowers on Mother's Day.
A.直接宾语 B.间接宾语 C.表语 D.状语
5.The woman ________ two pairs of shoes to try on.
A.showed me B.showed for me C.showed to D.showed to me
6.—Your new pants look cool.
—Thanks. My dad ________.
A.buy it for me B.buys them for me C.buys me them
7.Sometimes we change ice into liquid. We ________ water.
A.call it B.call C.are call it D.called
8.Nowadays many parents make their children ________ all kinds of skills.
A.study B.studies C.studying D.to study
(二)不及物动词
1.(2024·四川泸州·一模)— Is there ________ with your eyes? They’re red.
— Nothing ________ happened, I just couldn’t sleep well last night.
A.something wrong; is B.anything wrong; has
C.anything wrong; is D.something wrong; has
2.—A long journey can be covered only by taking one step at a time.
—I agree. All small thing can ________ and become big things.
A.add up B.set up C.show up D.get up
3.I think the room is too small for us ________.
A.to live B.living in C.to live in D.live in
4.(2022·江苏无锡·一模)—Mark’s car ________ a cloud of dust as he drove off.
—That’s why we dislike him.
A.raised B.rose C.was raised D.was raising
(三)其他及物动词
1. ——I’ll ________ Beijing for a meeting tomorrow. When I get there, I will call you.
——When will you ________ home? I want to take you to the airport.
A.leave for; leave for B.leave for; leave C.leave; leave for D.1eave; leave
2.All the flowers have come out. The sweet smell ________ the whole room and makes me comfortable.
A.rushes B.fills C.covers D.spreads
3.A few days ago, a director performed a break dance for students to ________ some of their pressures.
A.remind B.refuse C.require D.reduce
二、系动词
(一)be动词
1.(2024·江苏南京·三模)Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school.
A.is B.are C.have D.were
2.(2024·河北唐山·二模)My English ________ really poor before my teacher helped me.
A.is B.was C.has been D.will be
3.(2024·四川广元·二模)Things have changed. Nearly two thirds of the land in Guangyuan _________ covered by forests now.
A.is B.are C.were D.was
4.(2024·陕西西安·三模)—I will not go to the party unless I ________ invited.
—________ will I.
A.am; So B.am not; So C.am; Neither D.am not; Neither
(二)感官动词
1.(2024·上海崇明·二模)Being outside on a sunny day with your friends can always make you feel _________.
A.happiness B.more happily C.happily D.happy
2.(2024·天津滨海新·一模)—Do you like swimming in winter?
—Of course. The water ________ cold at first. But then I am warm and full of energy.
A.smells B.feels C.sounds D.tastes
3.(2024·广西·中考真题)—What do you think of the chicken soup, Helen?
—It ________ really good. I’d like to drink more.
A.tastes B.feels C.sounds
4.(2024·江苏无锡·三模)—Welcome to our dinner party. Help yourself to some food, Lucy.
—Thanks. It ________ delicious. I want more.
A.tastes B.looks C.smells D.feels
三、助动词
(一)助动词be
1.(2022·天津和平·三模)Nowadays, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners. I’m really proud of it.
A.are spoken B.is spoken C.spoke D.has spoken
2.—Nancy, whose ________ the beautiful coat hanging over there?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A.do B.does C.are D.is
3.(2022·福建南平·模拟预测)Lots of people ________ their best to keep our country safe in a war against COVID-19.
A.is doing B.are doing C.were doing
(二)助动词do
1.(2024·上海宝山·一模)John is not a good team player. He rarely shares opinions with his teammates, ________ he?
A.is B.isn’t C.does D.doesn’t
2.(2023·四川成都·模拟预测)Thomas speaks English much better than he ________ five years ago.
A.is B.did C.has
3.(2022·江苏苏州·一模)________ not only Simon’ s car but also his friends’ cars ________ last night?
A.Did; break down B.Was; broke down C.Is; broke down D.Were; break down
(三)助动词have
1.(2023·天津·二模)—________ you ever ________ any prizes in a speaking competition before?
—No, I haven’t.
A.Do; win B.Did; win C.Will; win D.Have; won
2.(23-24九年级上·福建泉州·期末)—I have lived in the town for several years.
—________. And I know it well.
A.So have I B.So do I C.So I am
(四)助动词will/would/shall/should
1.(23-24七年级上·天津红桥·期末)— Shall we ________ shopping?
— Yes, let’s go.
A.to go B.go C.is going D.going
2.(23-24八年级上·河北邢台·期末)— ________ we go at 10:00?
—What about ________ it a little earlier?
A.Shall; making B.Shall; to make
C.Will; making D.Will; to make
3.(22-23八年级上·四川广元·期末)—We are looking forward to ________ Mr Green to give us a talk. Can he come?
—I hope he ________ make it. He is ready to help young students.
A.invite; must B.invite; will C.inviting; must D.inviting; will
四、情态动词
(一)can
★can表示能力/能够
1.(2024·北京石景山·二模)John is good at languages. He _______ speak Chinese, English and French.
A.could B.can C.would D.must
2.(2024·江苏连云港·二模)I’m surprised to know that camels ________ live without water for a long time.
A.can B.shall C.must D.need
3.(2024·江苏常州·三模)—The poem is written ________ an ancient style.
—Do you mean that very few people ________ understand it?
A.by; may B.for; can’t C.with; mustn’t D.in; can
★can表示请求/许可
1.(2024·北京平谷·二模)—________ you give me some suggestions on learning Chinese, Lin Tao?
—Of course, I can.
A.Need B.Can C.May D.Must
2.(2024·北京朝阳·二模)—Can I use your computer, Lily? Mine doesn’t work.
—Of course, you ________.
A.can B.need C.must D.should
3.(2024·北京西城·二模)—Mum, may I go to the cinema this Saturday?
—Of course you ________, but finish your homework first.
A.must B.can C.should D.might
★can表示推测
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)— Look! Mr. Su is taking photos of his students.
— It ______ be him. He has gone abroad for study.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
2.(2024·江苏镇江·二模)—Who has eaten up my “Tianshui Malatang”?
—I don’t know, but it ______ be Tom. He doesn’t like such food at all.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
3.(2024·四川成都·三模)—Is that girl Kate?
—It __________ be her. She hasn’t been back from Shanghai so far.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t
(二)could
★could表示能力/能够
1.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.couldn’t
2.(2024·新疆克孜勒苏·一模)Jenny finally got the job because she ________ speak English well.
A.might B.must C.could D.need
3.(24-25九年级上·吉林长春·期末)Ma Lili _________ read newspapers on her own when she was six.
A.must B.need C.could D.may
4.(2022·湖北武汉·中考真题)During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A.is found B.has been found C.will be found D.could be found
★could表示委婉语气
1.(2024·北京东城·二模)—Lucy, _______ you come over to my house and work on our project together?
—Yes, I would be happy to.
A.must B.should C.could D.need
2.(2024·北京丰台·二模)—________ you pass the book to me?
—No problem.
A.Could B.Should C.Must D.Need
3.(2024·北京海淀·二模)—Excuse me, ________ you please tell me where the nearest bus stop is?
—Sure. Turn right at the first crossing. It’s on your right.
A.must B.could C.should D.need
★could表示推测
1.(2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测)—I called you last night at 9:30 and I believed you ________ be at home because no one answered the phone.
—Sorry, I ________ at that time.
A.mustn’t; would have been sleeping B.couldn’t; should have slept
C.couldn’t; must have been sleeping D.might not; need have been slept
2.The witness told the judge Tony ______ the thief who broke into the villa, because they were watching a movie together ______ that dark night.
A.couldn’t be; on B.must be; on C.couldn’t be; in D.may be; in
★must表示推测、could表示推测
(2023·江西抚州·一模)—There is someone knocking on the door. I wonder who it ________ be.
—It ________ be Frank. He phoned to tell me he would come to our home soon.
A.must; must B.could; must C.might; can’t D.might; mustn’t
(三)may
★must否定表示禁止、may表示请求/许可
1.(2024·江苏盐城·二模)According to the traffic rules, children under the age of sixteen ________ e-bikes on the road.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.may not D.might not
2.(2023·江苏镇江·二模)—May I sleep with my pet dog, Mum?
—No, you ________, my dear. It is bad for your health.
A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t
★may表示请求/许可
1.(2024·上海杨浦·三模)—Mum, Jerry asked me to watch the ball game after school. Can I go along?
—You _______, but be sure to get home before 10 o’clock.
A.should B.would C.must D.may
2.(2023·上海浦东新·一模)I’d like to make something special for dinner. ______ I borrow your cookery book?
A.Should B.Must C.Need D.May
★may表示推测
1.(2024·天津和平·三模)If we don’t protect the animals in danger, we __________ lose them all one day.
A.should B.may C.needn’t D.can’t
2.(2024·江苏泰州·三模)—Samel, which topic will you choose for your speech?
—Uh… I ______ choose “My Sweet Memory”. I have to ask Miss Li for advice first, and then make a decision.
A.must B.may
C.can D.should
3.(2024·江苏南通·二模)—Have you taken the MBTI test to know your personality type?
—Not yet. I ________ be an “E” person because I love sharing my thoughts, but I’m not so sure.
A.may B.must C.need to D.ought to
(四)情态动词后接动词原形
1.May everything ______ well with you all.
A.went B.go C.goes
2.May all your wishes _________ true.
A.come B.comes C.to come D.coming
(五)might
★might、情态动词辨析
1.(2024·天津河东·二模)—Lucy, I’ve signed for a big box by Express. What’s in it?
—I’m not sure. It ______ be a present from my brother.
A.might B.must C.should D.will
2.(2024·江苏南京·二模)We never know what _______ happen in the future, but we can prepare for the worst and hope for the best.
A.must B.might C.shall D.should
3.(2024·四川成都·二模)—Whose pencil case is this?
—It ________ be Helen’s. It seems she has one like this, but I can’t remember clearly.
A.might B.should C.must
★must表示必须
1.(2024·北京房山·二模)When you cross the street, you ________ stop at the red light.
A.can B.could C.may D.must
2.(2024·江苏泰州·三模)Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep a balance, you ________ keep moving.
A.must B.can C.can’t D.mustn’t
3.(2024·江苏淮安·二模)— Must I return this book to you right now, Millie?
— No, you ________. You may keep it until next Friday.
A.mustn’t B.won’t C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
★must否定表示禁止
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)If we drink wine at meals, we ________ drive cars.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.wouldn’t
2.(2024·江苏泰州·二模)—I’ve told you many times you _________ run the red light. The cars may hit you.
—Sorry, I won’t do it again.
A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.couldn’t D.needn’t
3.(2024·江苏常州·二模)— Sir, may I park my car here?
— Sorry, look at the sign. You ________ park your car here.
A.couldn’t B.may C.mustn’t D.needn’t
★must表示推测
1.(2024·天津武清·三模)David ________ be happy because our teacher praised his great progress.
A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t
2.(2024·江苏连云港·三模)—Whose comic book is it?
—It ________ be Daniel’s. Look! His name is written on it.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.must D.can
3.(2024·四川成都·二模)Peter’s schoolbag is here. He ________ be in the classroom and prepare for his speech.
A.must B.might C.could
★must表示“偏要,非得”
1.(2024·江苏无锡·一模)Everyone can be different from another, why ________ we all be the same?
A.must B.can C.should D.may
2.(2024·江苏无锡·三模)Oh, come on, Zack! ________ you talk to me like that? I’m your mother after all.
A.Can’t B.Can C.Mustn’t D.Must
3.(23-24九年级上·江苏无锡·期末)_________ you make so much noise? Be quiet!
A.Can B.Might C.Need D.Must
(六)should
★should表示建议
1.(2024·北京昌平·二模)You ________ run on the busy road. It’s dangerous!
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.won’t D.wouldn’t
2.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)—The high school entrance examination is coming!
—Yes, our teacher tells us we be too careful while taking exams.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
3.(2024·江苏无锡·二模)In order to save more space on the phone, we ________ set up the apps that are not often used.
A.can B.can’t C.should D.shouldn’t
★should表示推测
1.(2024·甘肃武威·二模)—Is Jack coming?
—I am not sure. He ________ be here at any moment.
A.can B.must C.will D.should
2.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)—How is your tour around the lake? Is it beautiful?
—It ________ be, but it is now seriously polluted.
A.should B.might C.must D.can
3. — Only ten tickets? What do you mean? There ________ be twelve.
— Sorry, Linda. Jacky and Tim took two tickets away.
A.should B.will C.can D.may
★should表示责任/义务
1.(2024·云南德宏·一模)As middle school students, we ________ spread traditional Chinese culture.
A.can’t B.may C.mustn’t D.should
2.(2024·甘肃陇南·三模)Everyone ________ wear school uniforms at school.
A.can B.can’t C.should D.shouldn’t
(七)will
1.—Will you go boating with me?
—No, I ________.
A.will B.won’t C.don’t
(八)Would
1.(2024·上海杨浦·二模)—_________ you please pass the dish to me?
—Certainly, no problem.
A.Must B.Should C.May D.Would
2.(2022·湖北武汉·模拟预测)He pushed the door again and again, but it ______ open.
A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
(九)need
1.(2025·上海崇明·一模)—Dad, I’ll take the dog for a walk this afternoon. You ________ do it yourself.
—Thanks, Alisa. You’re a real help.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
2.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)With the help of AI, people _______ spend much time searching for the information on their own.
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C. mustn’t D.can’t
(十)dare
1.(23-24九年级上·福建泉州·期末)—I ________ not give a speech in public and I am so nervous now.
—Take it easy. You can make it.
A.must B.should C.dare
2.(24-25九年级上·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·期末)— I wonder why you seldom answer questions in English classes.
— I want to, but I ________ not speak English in public.
A.dare B.must C.need D.can
(十一)have to
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)—Mr Li, I don’t want to say sorry to Sandy.
—I’m afraid you ________. After all, you broke her glasses.
A.may B.have to C.mustn’t D.needn’t
2.(2024·湖南怀化·一模)—Must I go to your office now, Mr. Wang ?
—No, you ________.
A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.don’t have to
3.—I’m leaving now.
—It’s rainy. Better stay here. Call a taxi if you ________.
A.will B.may C.have to D.could
(十二)had better
1.(2024·上海长宁·二模)It is going to rain. You’d better ________ the window open when you go out.
A.not leave B.not to leave C.won’t leave D.no leaving
2.(2025·上海长宁·一模)You had better ________ up too late tonight because you will have an exam tomorrow.
A.not stay B.not staying C.not to stay D.not stayed
(十三)shall
1.(24-25八年级上·广西钦州·期中)—________ we take Mary to the park today?
—I don’t think it is a good idea.
A.Shall B.Do C.May
2.—When ________ we meet?
—Let’s make it 3:00 at my home.
A.do B.shall C.must
3.—What ________ we do after supper?
—Let’s go out for a walk.
A.need B.must C.shall D.did
(十四)ought to
1.(2024·福建莆田·一模)—Mulan Stream is the mother river of Putian people.
—We ________ protect it.
A.might B.dare C.ought to
2 . (2023·湖北恩施·一模)If you want to be a greener man, you ________ shut off the light when leaving a room.
A.dare B.ought to C.would
(十五)情态动词后加动词原形
1.(2024·上海徐汇·二模)You’d better _________ your luggage for the important papers before leaving for the airport.
A.check B.to check C.checking D.checked
2.The traffic is so heavy in the rush hour. You’d better ________ the road conditions ahead of time.
A.check B.to check C.checked D.checking
五、使役动词
1. Asking Nancy to join your group can make your friendship________ .
A.relax B. stronger C.longest
2.(2023·上海静安·一模)One aim in middle school education is to let students ________ abilities of independent learning.
A.develop B.to develop C.developing D.to developing
3. The poor Anne Frank ________ illness before her father had her diary ________.
A.died of; publish B.died from; published C.died of; published D.died from; publish’
4.(23-24九年级上·山东青岛·期末)Anna wants to get her ears ______, but her mother doesn't agree.
A. pierced B.pierce C. to pierce D. piercing
六、动词短语
1.(2024·天津·中考真题)Email is one of the great ways to _________ friends.
A.take pride in B.keep clear of
C.get into the habit of D.stay in touch with
2.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—I think your grandfather should ________ smoking.
—I agree. Smoking is bad for his health.
A.put up B.give up C.pick up D.take up
3.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)In the picture, the boy is ________.
A.making the bed B.mopping the floor C.cleaning the table D.washing the dishes
4.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)I am planning to ________ the new hobby in the summer holiday. I won’t spend my spare time on my mobile phone all day long.
A.pick up B.turn up C.get up D.look up
5.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)—Which school club should I choose?
—It ______ what skills you want to develop.
A.takes on B.carries on C.puts on D.depends on
6.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)Many think SOS is short for “save our ship”, but it doesn’t really ________ anything.
A.look for B.stand for C.pay for D.try for
7.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)— Mum, could you please ________ the poster in my bedroom? I really like it!
— Sure, baby.
A.give up B.take up C.put up D.mop up
8.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)I know how busy you are and I won’t ________ too much of your time.
A.take up B.set up C.make up D.put up
9.(2024·江苏连云港·中考真题)To live a green life, we should remember to _________ the lights when we leave a room.
A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down
10.(2024·四川·中考真题)In China, people usually ________ their houses before the Spring Festival.
A.clean up B.look up C.take up D.put up
11.(2024·湖北武汉·中考真题)—Ben, help me ________ the book from the shelf, will you? It’s out of my reach.
—With pleasure.
A.take down B.throw away C.look through D.hand out
12.(2024·云南·中考真题)The students worked in groups to ________ the difficult problem in the math class.
A.work out B.turn down C.cut off D.worry about
13.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Tim, what were you doing when I called you?
—I ________ bicycle with my sister.
A.was cutting up B.am making up C.am picking up D.was fixing up
14.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)—Coco, I can’t understand the meaning of this word.
—You’d better ________ the word in your dictionary.
A.look for B.look up C.look after
15.(2024·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Why are you late for class again, Bob?
—Sorry, I failed to ________ when my alarm went off.
A.get up B.run away C.lie down
16.(2024·山东滨州·中考真题)—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years.
—Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together.
A.in; with B.for; of C.on; in D.from; for
17.(2024·四川雅安·中考真题)—Shenzhou-18 was successfully launched (发射) into the space on April 25th, 2024.
—We Chinese____________ it.
A.run out of B.take care of C.are afraid of D.are proud of
18.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)When you ________ Mamianqun (horse-face skirt), you will sense the beauty of China’s traditional clothing.
A.turn on B.get on
C.put on D.depend on
19.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)—I didn’t pass the exam again. What should I do?
—Don’t ________. You’ll succeed sooner or later.
A.give up B.give back C.give away
20.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)As we grow older, we’ll discover we have two hands: one for helping ourselves; the other for helping others.
A.turn up B.put away C.find out D.look into
21.(2024·山东东营·中考真题)—Dr. Know, I can’t keep my son away from the screen. What should I do?
—By doing creative activities with him, he may not ________ the screen too much.
A.call on B.pay for C.depend on D.believe in
22.(2024·广西·中考真题)—Dad, let’s ________ early to do exercise tomorrow morning.
—OK, no problem.
A.look up B.get up C.give up
23.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)Gina is good at maths and she wants to be an engineer when she grows up.
A.does well in B.is good with C.is kind to D.does badly in
24.(2024·吉林·中考真题)Tina can _________ her bedroom by herself. She doesn’t need her parents’ help.
A.get up B.clean up C.cut up
25.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)It makes me ________ to watch National Women’s Volleyball Team’s matches.
A.feel exciting B.to feel excited C.feel excited
26.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)Don’t ________ rubbish everywhere. It’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
A.put away B.take away C.throw away
27.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)We should learn to be independent. We’d better not ________ our parents too much.
A.keep on B.get on C.depend on
28.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)The health website provides a lot of useful advice ________ teenagers.
A.with B.for C.to D.on
29.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)We are supposed to ________ the lights when we leave the room.
A.turn down B.turn up C.turn off D.turn on
30.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)My grandpa decided to ________ smoking for his health.
A.give away B.give out C.give back D.give up
题型二 完成句子
一、及物动词和不及物动词
★及物动词+单宾语
(2024·重庆九龙坡·三模)过马路时要小心! (完成译句)
Be careful when you the road!
★及物动词+双宾语
(2024·河北衡水·二模)Mary, bring, without, a, telling, present, her
.
★及物动词+复合宾语
(24-25九年级上·贵州黔南·阶段练习)我想知道你是否能来。
I you can come or not.
★其他及物动词
(22-23九年级上·陕西咸阳·期末)儿童基金会的主要价值是为孤儿服务。
The main value of UNICEF is to children without parents.
★不及物动词
(24-25九年级上·陕西渭南·期末)大熊猫主要生活在四川省北部的山区。
Pandas in the mountains of northern Sichuan Province.
二、系动词
★be动词
1.(2024·广东广州·二模)随着中国文化的国际传播和全球交流的增加,越来越多的外国人对这一古老的艺术形式感兴趣。
With the increase of international communication and global exchange of Chinese culture, more and more foreigners this ancient art form.
2.(2024·重庆沙坪坝·一模)Are these Mary’s friends?(改为单数形式)
Mary’s ?
3.(23-24九年级上·河北保定·期末)feel, term, do, you, this, happy
?
★感官动词
(2023·陕西西安·模拟预测)我奶奶做的鱼闻起来很香。
The fish cooked by my grandma .
三、助动词
★助动词be
1.(2024·贵州毕节·模拟预测)不要害羞,在课堂上大胆提问。
Don’t and ask questions bravely in class.
2.(2022·重庆綦江·模拟预测)The computer was invented in 1976. (对划线部分提问)
the computer invented?
★助动词do
1.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)John has a big dinner with his grandparents every Saturday evening. (改为一般疑问句)
John a big diner with his grandparents every Saturday evening?
2.(2025·上海普陀·一模)Our family drove back to Nanjing to celebrate the Chinese New Year. (改为一般疑问句)
your family back to Nanjing to celebrate the Chinese New Year?
★助动词have
I have never spoken publicly before.(改为一般疑问句)
you spoken publicly before?
★助动词will/would/shall/should
1.(2023·辽宁鞍山·一模)他害怕教练会把他开除球队。
He was afraid that the coach would the team.
2.(23-24九年级上·陕西商洛·期末)我希望他们再也不遭受疾病。
I hope they will never illnesses.
四、情态动词
(一)can
★can表示能力/能够
1.(2024·贵州遵义·一模)山再高,往上攀,总能登顶。
However high the mountain is, get to the summit if we keep climbing.
2.(2024·河北·二模)can, do, what, you, for, I
?
★can表示请求/许可
1.(2022·广西柳州·一模)made, can, lend, by yourself, me, the kite, you, to(你能把你自己做的那个风筝借给我吗?)
?
2.(2022·河北石家庄·一模)give, ride, you, a, can, me
?
★could表示推测、can表示推测
1.(2024·重庆沙坪坝·一模)This red handbag must belong to Caral. (对划线部分提问)
this red handbag belong to?
2.(2024·陕西西安·模拟预测)这把吉他一定不是卡拉的,因为她根本就不喜欢弹吉他。
The guitar Carla’s because she doesn’t like playing the guitar at all.
(二)could
★could表示能力/能够
1.(23-24九年级上·广东广州·期末)Miss Li一直在思考如何能提升他们的阅读技能。
Miss Li was thinking about improve their reading skills.
2.(22-23九年级上·河北唐山·期末)for, they, be, drinking, used, could,
.
★could表示委婉语气
1.(2024·河北唐山·二模)lend me, could, an umbrella, you
?
2.(2023·河北石家庄·模拟预测)me, could, the hotel, tell, you, the way to
?
★can表示推测、could表示推测
(24-25九年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期末)It must be Carla’s red blouse. (对划线部分提问)
red blouse it be?
(三)may
★may表示请求/许可
1.John, may, speak to, I(?)
2.我能要一张你女儿的照片吗?
May I a photo of your daughter?
★may表示推测
1.Maybe the boys are playing football in the playground.
The boys football in the playground.
2.我们在理解美国口音方面可能有困难。
the American accent.
★情态动词后加动词原形
1.那幅画可能是我父亲的。
That picture might my father.
2.坚持你的梦想,否则有一天你会后悔的。
Hold your dream, or you might some day.
3.你必须自己做决定怎样去处理这些难题。(deal)
You these difficult problems.
理”;故填must decide by/for yourself how to deal with。
(五)must
★must表示必须
1.离开之前所有的灯必须关掉。
All the lights before leaving.
★must否定表示禁止
不应该允许十八岁以下的青少年吸烟和喝酒。
Teenagers under eighteen .
★must表示推测
1.(2023·山东枣庄·一模)Dance of the Golden Snake be a piece of music suits the festivities.
《金蛇狂舞》一定是一首适合庆祝活动的乐曲。
(六)shall
我们去看电影怎么样?
we to the movies?
(七)should
★should表示建议
1.(2024·贵州黔南·一模)我们都应该清楚远离危险的重要性。
We all be clear about the of keeping ourselves away from danger.
★should表示推测
你应该警告他要注意危险。
You should have him the danger.
★should表示责任/义务
(2024·甘肃武威·二模)Everyone should play a part in cleaning it up. (改为否定句)
Everyone a part in cleaning it up.
(八)will
(2022·贵州贵阳·中考真题)骑行能帮助我们节能而且不会污染空气。
Cycling can help us save energy and cause air pollution.
(九)would
★would表示过去的意愿
(2023·湖北襄阳·一模)孔子,作为中国古代的思想家,教育家和儒家思想奠基人而闻名,相信在餐桌上用筷子代替刀叉会提醒人们远离杀戮和暴力。
Confucius, who was known as a great thinker of ancient China and educator, founder of Confucianism, believed that using chopsticks knives and forks people to from killing and violence at table.
★would表示委婉语气
(24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期末)show me, the new printer, would, how to use, anyone, please (连词成句)
?
(十)need
1.我爱周末,因为在星期六和星期天我不需要早起。
I love weekends, because I get up on Saturdays and Sundays.
(十一)dare
2.但我不敢当众讲英语。
But I dare English in public.
(十二)have to
1.(2024·天津·二模)你不用担心我。我的水性很好。
You don’t have to me. I’m a good swimmer.
2.(2024·广东广州·二模)许多学生想知道为什么他们需要参加关于压力的讲座。
Many students may wonder attend the lecture on pressure.
(十三)had better
1.(2024·上海崇明·一模)You had better turn off the computer in the classroom now. (改为否定句)
You had better off the computer in the classroom now.
2.(2024·甘肃天水·二模)你最好带把伞以防淋湿。
In order not to get wet, you take an umbrella.
(十四)ought to
1.(2024·重庆潼南·一模)You ought to turn up the TV. (改为否定句)
You turn up the TV.
2.当你离开教室的时候,应该随手关灯。(完成译句)
You turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
(十五)情态动词后加动词原形
1.(2024·广东广州·三模)通过这种方式,顾客可以省钱,但他们无法决定能吃什么。
In this way, customers can save money, but they can’t decide .
2.(2024·江苏常州·三模)我也不知道这种电池最多能持续多久。
I have no idea __________________________________________________________.
五、使役动词
1.(2024·贵州铜仁·二模)让他知道他的朋友是否会来参加晚会。
Let him his friends can come to the party or not.
2.(2024·甘肃酒泉·三模)沈腾喜欢演喜剧,因为他擅长逗人笑。
Shen Teng likes working in comedy because he is good at people .
3.(22-23九年级上·重庆北碚·期末)工人们承诺了年底前会将房子修建完毕。(完成译句)
The workers promised to the house by the end of the year.
4. 我怎样才能使我的父母改变他们的主意呢?
How can I ?
题型三 单词拼写
一、及物动词和不及物动词
1.(2024·江苏扬州·一模)The forest lots of oxygen and helps cool the weather. (产生)
2.(2024·江苏宿迁·二模)You will (to be successful) if you hold on to your dreams and keep on trying.
3.(2024·安徽合肥·一模)We can manage to c (控制) our reading speed with proper practice.
4.(2023·新疆·三模)My parents don’t a me to hang out with friends on weekdays.
5.(2022·江苏宿迁·三模)Our teacher often (give sb. the courage to do sth.) us not to be afraid of the failure.
二、系动词
1.(2024·甘肃兰州·二模)Don’t laugh at others when they (be) in trouble.
2.(2024·四川德阳·二模)This piece of music s beautiful but a little sad.
3.(2024·四川乐山·二模)The cakes in the restaurant (尝起来) nice, so they sell well.
4.(2022·四川遂宁·模拟预测)That music (听起来) very beautiful. I like it a lot.
5.(2022·江苏无锡·一模)Who let out the news that still remained (know)? It made the boss really angry.
三、助动词
1.(2024·江苏无锡·二模)Simon is creative? you (mean) he can always make up an excuse when he makes a mistake?
2..The police trying their best to find the missing child. I believe they will succeed in finding him.
3.(21-22九年级上·江苏无锡·期中)My wife and I (live) here since twenty years ago.
4.(2024·上海崇明·一模)If you keep on working hard, you will sooner or later. (success)
四、情态动词
(一)can
1.(2022·江苏连云港·二模)Some visitors will come tomorrow, who can (带领他们参观)our school?
2.I find the way to the hospital. you show me the way? (can)
3.(22-23九年级上·湖南常德·期末)—I wonder if these are Jim’s glasses.
—They be his. He doesn’t wear glasses.
(二)could
1.(22-23九年级上·浙江金华·期末)It was fantastic — you (能够) see the whole city, the river and the hills beyond.
2.(2022·浙江杭州·二模)It’s cold in this room. Could you close the window, p ?
3.(22-23九年级上·湖南常德·期末)—My phone doesn’t work. I use yours?
—Sure. Here you are.
4.She could be (shop) in the supermarket.
(三)may
1.— I do all the exercises today?
—No, you . You do some of them.
2.—Where is Daniel, Jim?
—He (也许) be in the reading room.
(四)might
The police didn’t know the short thin man (或许) have done something guilty.
(五)must
1.(2023·四川眉山·模拟预测)He lost his smart phone. He m find it.
2.Students play with fire in the classroom. It’s quite dangerous.
3.Students play with fire in the classroom. It’s quite dangerous.
(22-23八年级上·四川乐山·期末)Fifty dollars for such a shirt! You (一定) be joking!
(六)should
1.You (应该) speak English in class.
2.It’s nearly six o’clock. Jim be here at any moment.(用适当的情态动词填空)
3.We s learn to encourage (鼓励) our students when they are in trouble.
(七)情态动词后加动词原形
1.(24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期末)Sam should to she teacher for being late for class. (apology)
2.— I (get) you a copy of today’s newspaper? —Thank you.
(八)will表示意愿
1.First, I will e the rules of the game.
2. you play games with us? (用适当的情态动词填空)
(九)would
1.(24-25七年级上·四川内江·期中)I w like to be our English teacher’s friend.
2.(20-21七年级上·全国·单元测试)Would you please (help) me with my homework?
(十)dare
(24-25九年级上·全国·单元测试)She’s very strict. We don’t dare a word unless she asks us to do so.(say)
(十一)have to
(23-24九年级上·江苏南京·期末)The airline had to (取消) all flights because of the unexpected weather conditions.
(十二)had better
1.(2024·云南昆明·二模)You’d better not to your parents or teachers, which is very impolite.(顶嘴)
(十三)ought to
2.(23-24九年级上·云南德宏·期末)As one of the family members, we ought to . (做家务)
(十四)使役动词
1.(2023·上海青浦·二模)The magician surprised the audience by making the rabbit in his hat. (appear)
2.Let’s stop working and (放松)ourselves for half an hour.
3.(2022·江苏无锡·模拟预测)Nowadays anyone who enters the school must have his or her temperature (take).
4.The house had already got when I arrived. (burn)
五、动词短语
1.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)Computers are widely used to railways and fly planes in our life. (operation)
2.(2024·四川·中考真题)They p to read books rather than watch TV in their free time.
3.(2024·四川·中考真题)We truly c about animals, so we volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend.
4.(2024·四川德阳·中考真题)The mother asks her son to take a s in the bathroom before he goes to bed every night.
5.(2024·四川眉山·中考真题)—Look at the CDs here. I p folk music to pop music.
—So do I.
6.(2024·云南·中考真题)I want to be an astronaut and I hope my dream will in the future. (实现)
7.(2024·云南·中考真题)The bus was so crowded that they had to the next one. (等待)
8.(2024·安徽·中考真题)The Shenzhou-17 team h (交) over their work to the Shenzhou-18 team on April 30th.
9.(2024·四川宜宾·中考真题)I am looking f to hearing from you.
10.(2024·山东日照·中考真题)We all took p in the astronauts in Shenzhou 17, who landed safe on April.
题型四 完形填空
( 2023陕西中考节选) I used to love listening to my mother sing songs.When I first lost my hearing,I was sad that I __________never again hear my mother sing.
A.can B.could C.have to D.had to
题型五 短句、短文填空
1.(2023云南中考)Amy is my best friend. She's always there to be a good .(listen)
2.(2023河北中考改编)When he got to my desk he looked at my picture and said,“Wow!I like hose bright colors!That's great!”I felt _________(relax)at once.
3. (2023江苏扬州改编)Peter Pan wishes Wendy,John and Michael, especially Wendy,would stay in Neverland forever but finally the Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.
Mrs.Darling is playing the piano.Peter didn't know the tune,Home,Sweet Home,but he knows it's saying, “Come back,Wendy, Wendy,Wendy.”Peter looks through the door and sees two big tears in Mrs.Darling's eyes.
“She loves Wendy,”he thinks.“But I love Wendy,too.We c both have her.”
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