外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 6 Living with nature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)

2026-06-25
| 2份
| 40页
| 78人阅读
| 1人下载
精品

资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语外研版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 6 Living with nature
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 134 KB
发布时间 2026-06-25
更新时间 2026-06-25
作者 小白博士爱学习
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-06-25
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58497203.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了外研版八年级下册Unit 6 Living with nature的知识体系。从核心词汇解析及易错点总结出发,涵盖必背短语与辨析,进而梳理重点句型及易错提醒,结合宾语从句语法重点,最终延伸至写作指导,形成从基础积累到综合应用的完整学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句型-语法-写作”逻辑递进,词汇结合课文例句与文化元素提升语言能力和文化意识,语法通过时态、语序等易错点专项突破培养思维品质,写作提供高分句式与范文,助力学生系统掌握单元知识,体现英语学科“积累-运用-拓展”的特色学习方法。

内容正文:

外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 6 Living with nature 知识清单背诵版 目录 一、核心词汇 2 (一)核心词汇解析 2 (二)词汇易错点总结 7 二、核心短语 7 (一)必背短语 7 (二)易错短语辨析 11 三、核心句型 11 (一)重点句型 11 (二)易错句型提醒 14 四、语法重点 14 (一)语法定义 14 (二)核心用法 15 (三)语法易错点专项突破 16 五、写作指导 17 (一)单元核心话题 17 (二)高分句式与词组 17 (三)参考范文 19 一、核心词汇 (一)核心词汇解析 1.villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ n. 村民 课文例句:Villagers hurried to the fields.(村民们急忙赶往田间。) 2.wheat /wiːt/ n. 小麦(不可数名词,无复数) 课文例句:Adults were busy cutting the wheat.(大人们正忙着割小麦。) 搭配:不可数名词,无复数形式,不能加s 3.childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年,儿童时代 课文例句:This is one of the best memories of my childhood. (这是我童年最美好的记忆之一。) 4.countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡下,农村 课文例句:I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province.(我在山东省的乡下长大。) 搭配:in the countryside 在乡下 5.province /ˈprɒvɪns/ n. 省 课文例句:I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. (我在山东省的乡下长大。) 易错点:专有名词首字母大写,如Shandong Province 山东省 6.especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ adv. 尤其,特别 课文例句:I’m so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom.(我很高兴许多人,尤其是年轻人,对古老智慧产生了新的兴趣。) 用法:修饰形容词、副词或句子 7.energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能源;精力 课文例句:The sun was our first energy source, giving us light and heat. (太阳是我们最早的能源,给我们光和热。) 搭配:natural energy 天然能源 8.desert /ˈdezət/ n. 沙漠,荒漠 课文例句:They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, surrounded by desert.(它们位于新疆维吾尔自治区东部的吐鲁番,被沙漠环绕。) 9.environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 生态环境 课文例句:How do people survive in such a terrible environment? (人们如何在如此糟糕的环境中生存?) 搭配:protect the environment 保护环境 10.resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源 课文例句:What natural resources do we use?(我们使用什么自然资源?) 搭配:常用复数:natural resources 自然资源 11.survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 活下来;幸存 课文例句:How do people survive in such a terrible climate? (人们如何在如此恶劣的气候中生存?) 词性拓展:survival n. 生存 12.increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ n. 增加,增多;增长 课文例句:There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large increase in water use. (山上来的水更少了,降雨量更低,用水量大幅增加。) 搭配:an increase in... 在……方面的增长 13.sweetly /ˈswiːtli/ adv. 悦耳动听地,好听地 课文例句:Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. (活泼的鸟儿在树上悦耳地歌唱。) 14.wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧,知识,学问 课文例句:I’m so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom.(我很高兴许多人,尤其是年轻人,对古老智慧产生了新的兴趣。) 搭配:ancient wisdom 古老智慧 15.below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep. 在……的下面 课文例句:In the hundreds of comments below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. (在我帖子下面的数百条评论中,其他人分享了类似的记忆和感受。) 易错点:below 不垂直,under 垂直下方 16.arrival /əˈraɪvl/ n. 到来 课文例句:People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. (人们用传统活动庆祝它们的到来。) 词性拓展:arrive v. 到达 搭配:the arrival of... ……的到来 17.calendar /ˈkælɪndə(r)/ n. 历法 课文例句:The ancient calendar has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. (古老的历法从未从中国人的生活中消失。) 搭配:ancient calendar 古历法 18.webpage /ˈwebpeɪdʒ/ n. 网页 课文例句:Complete the webpage using the words from the box. (用方框中的词语完成网页。) 19.energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的,充满活力的 课文例句:They carefully checked what the water looked and used different words like “energetic” or “dangerous”. (他们仔细检查了水的样子,用了不同的词如“精力充沛的”或“危险的”。) 20.safely /ˈseɪfli/ adv. 安全地,无危害地 课文例句:By understanding the laws of nature, people can live in nature more safely. (通过了解自然规律,人们可以更安全地生活在自然中。) 词性拓展:safe adj. 安全的 21.material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料 课文例句:Later, people learnt to use different natural materials for energy, such as wood and oil. (后来,人们学会了使用不同的天然材料来获取能源,如木材和石油。) 搭配:natural materials 天然材料 22.charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ v. (使)充电;收费 课文例句:Mike and his dad are able to cook food and charge a phone using the sun. (迈克和他爸爸能用太阳能做饭和给手机充电。) 搭配:charge a phone 给手机充电 23.probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能,大概 课文例句:You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. (你可能从《西游记》中记得火焰山。) 同义替换:maybe, perhaps 24.mid-summer /ˌmɪdˈsʌmə/ n. 仲夏 课文例句:The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in mid-summer. (仲夏时节沙漠沙子的温度可达80°C。) 25.crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 疯狂的 课文例句:It may sound crazy, but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand. (这听起来可能很疯狂,但当地人可以在沙漠沙子上煎鸡蛋。) 搭配:be crazy about 痴迷于…… 26.rainfall /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ n. 雨量(不可数名词) 课文例句:Rainfall in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. (吐鲁番的年降雨量只有16毫米。) 易错点:不可数名词 27.underground /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ adj. 地(面)下的;adv. 在地下 课文例句:Under these wells are large underground canals. (在这些井下面是大型地下运河。) 28.canal /kəˈnæl/ n. 运河 课文例句:Under these wells are large underground canals. (在这些井下面是大型地下运河。) 29.amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ adv. 惊人地;了不起地 课文例句:And amazingly, all of this was completed with only hand tools! (令人惊叹的是,所有这些都仅用手工工具建成了!) 词性拓展:amazing adj. 令人惊讶的 30.among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. 在……(人员)中;是……之一 课文例句:No wonder it’s among the top three projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。) 搭配:among the top three 在前三位之中 31.shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺,不足,缺乏 课文例句:Today, the area faces a water shortage. (如今,该地区面临水资源短缺。) 搭配:a shortage of... 短缺…… 32.the 24 Solar Terms 二十四节气(课文核心话题) 课文例句:The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them. (二十四节气对他们意义重大。) 33.Grain in Ear 芒种(二十四节气之一) 课文例句:It was early one morning of Grain in Ear. (那是一个芒种节的清晨。) 34.Start of Spring 立春(二十四节气之一) 课文例句:For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. (例如,许多人仍然在立春吃春饼,在立冬吃饺子。) 35.Start of Winter 立冬(二十四节气之一) 课文例句:For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. (例如,许多人仍然在立春吃春饼,在立冬吃饺子。) 36.Major Snow 大雪(二十四节气之一) 37.Minor Heat 小暑(二十四节气之一) 38.End of Heat 处暑(二十四节气之一) 39.Journey to the West 《西游记》(中国四大名著之一) 课文例句:You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. (你可能从《西游记》中记得火焰山。) 40.the Flaming Mountains 火焰山(地名) 课文例句:You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. (你可能从《西游记》中记得火焰山。) 41.Turpan /ˈtʊəˈpɑːn/ 吐鲁番(地名) 课文例句:They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (它们位于新疆维吾尔自治区东部的吐鲁番。) 42.the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 新疆维吾尔自治区(地名) 课文例句:They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (它们位于新疆维吾尔自治区东部的吐鲁番。) 43.karez /kæˈrez/ 坎儿井(专有名词,无复数) 课文例句:The secret lies in the ancient karez system. (秘密在于古老的坎儿井系统。) 44.New Zealand 新西兰(地名) 课文例句:The Maori in New Zealand had many terms to describe the sea. (新西兰的毛利人有很多描述海洋的词语。) (二)词汇易错点总结 1. 可数/不可数易错:wheat(小麦)、rainfall(雨量)、energy(能源)为不可数名词,无复数形式,不能加s; 2. 拼写易错:childhood 易拼错(注意h不遗漏)、especially 易拼错(漏写l)、environment 易漏写n; 3. 词性易错:survive(v. 幸存)→ survival(n. 生存);arrive(v. 到达)→ arrival(n. 到来);amazing(adj. 令人惊讶的)→ amazingly(adv. 惊人地),避免词性误用; 4. 词义易错:ear 在Grain in Ear中意为“穗”,而非“耳朵”;lie 在此单元意为“(问题、答案等)存在,在于”,而非“躺;说谎”; 5. 专有名词易错:所有地名、节气名称首字母必须大写,如Turpan、the 24 Solar Terms、Grain in Ear,不可小写。 二、核心短语 (一)必背短语 1. live by doing sth 靠做某事为生 课文例句:Most of the villagers there lived by farming. (那里大多数村民靠耕种为生。) 拓展例句:They live by hunting and fishing in the countryside. (他们在乡下靠打猎和捕鱼为生。) 用法提醒:by 后接动名词形式,不能接动词原形。 2. mean so much to sb 对某人意义重大 课文例句:The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them. (二十四节气对他们意义重大。) 拓展例句:This photo means so much to me because it records my childhood. (这张照片对我意义重大,因为它记录了我的童年。) 同义替换:be very important to sb 3. long to do sth 渴望做某事 课文例句:I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. (我渴望在画作和诗歌中分享这些感受。) 拓展例句:She longs to travel around the world and experience different cultures. (她渴望环游世界,体验不同的文化。) 同义替换:be eager to do sth 4. be known as 以……而闻名;被称为 课文例句:The 24 Solar Terms are known as the “Fifth Great Invention of China”. (二十四节气被称为“中国第五大发明”。) 拓展例句:Turpan is known as one of the hottest areas in the world. (吐鲁番被称为世界上最热的地区之一。) 用法提醒:后接职业、身份、称号或特征,区别于be known for(因……而闻名)。 5. bear social and cultural meanings 承载着社会和文化意义 课文例句:Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings, too. (许多二十四节气也承载着社会和文化意义。) 拓展例句:The Great Wall bears the social and cultural meanings of the Chinese nation. (长城承载着中华民族的社会和文化意义。) 用法提醒:bear 此处意为“承载;具有”,为动词,过去式为bore,过去分词为borne。 6. according to 据……所示;按……所说 课文例句:According to the passage, the karez system is very important for Turpan. (据文章所述,坎儿井系统对吐鲁番非常重要。) 拓展例句:According to the weather report, it will be sunny tomorrow. (据天气预报显示,明天将是晴天。) 用法提醒:后接名词、代词或从句,不能接句子(若接句子,需改为according to what sb said)。 7. lie in 在于 课文例句:The secret lies in the ancient karez system. (秘密在于古老的坎儿井系统。) 拓展例句:The key to solving the problem lies in working hard and never giving up. (解决这个问题的关键在于努力工作,永不放弃。) 用法提醒:lie 此处意为“(问题、答案等)存在,在于”,过去式为lay,过去分词为lain。 8. as long as 和……一样长;只要 课文例句:That’s nearly as long as the Yellow River! (那几乎和黄河一样长!) 拓展例句:This river is as long as 500 kilometres. (这条河长达500公里。) 拓展例句2(表条件):You can pass the exam as long as you study hard. (只要你努力学习,就能通过考试。) 9. thanks to 多亏了;由于 课文例句:Thanks to the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. (多亏了坎儿井系统,人们可以在这样艰难的环境中种植食物。) 拓展例句:Thanks to the doctors and nurses, many patients recovered quickly. (多亏了医生和护士,许多病人很快康复了。) 用法提醒:后接名词、代词,不能接句子,语气含感激或庆幸。 10. no wonder 难怪;不足为奇 课文例句:No wonder it’s among the top three projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。) 拓展例句:He studies very hard every day. No wonder he always gets good grades. (他每天都努力学习,难怪他总是取得好成绩。) 用法提醒:后接从句,可省略it is,即No wonder (that)...。 11. among the top three 在前三位之中;是前三位之一 课文例句:No wonder it’s among the top three projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。) 拓展例句:She is among the top three students in our class. (她是我们班前三名的学生之一。) 用法提醒:among 用于三者或三者以上之中,between 用于两者之间。 12. a shortage of 短缺;缺乏 课文例句:Today, the area faces a shortage of water. (如今,该地区面临水资源短缺。) 拓展例句:There is a shortage of food and water in the disaster area. (灾区面临着食物和水的短缺。) 搭配:a shortage of water/food/energy 水/食物/能源短缺 13. take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 课文例句:Now, more and more young people are taking action to protect it. (现在,越来越多的年轻人正在采取行动保护它。) 拓展例句:We should take action to protect the environment and live in harmony with nature. (我们应该采取行动保护环境,与自然和谐共处。) 同义替换:take measures to do sth 14. natural resources 自然资源 课文例句:What natural resources do we use? (我们使用什么自然资源?) 拓展例句:We should save natural resources and avoid wasting them. (我们应该节约自然资源,避免浪费。) 用法提醒:resource 此处用复数形式,泛指各种资源。 15. one way to do sth 做某事的一种方法 课文例句:One way to get energy is to use solar power. (获取能源的一种方法是利用太阳能。) 拓展例句:One way to improve your English is to read more English articles. (提高英语的一种方法是多读英语文章。) (二)易错短语辨析 1. in the east of / on the east of / to the east of(方位介词辨析,语言注释重点) in the east of:在……的东部(内部),如:Shandong is in the east of China. 山东在中国的东部。(山东属于中国内部) on the east of:在……的东部(外部,接壤),如:Jiangxi Province is on the east of Hunan Province. 江西省在湖南省的东边。(江西和湖南接壤) to the east of:在……的东部(外部,不接壤),如:Fujian Province is to the east of Hunan Province. 福建省在湖南省的东边。(福建和湖南不接壤) 课文例句:They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (吐鲁番在新疆内部,用in) 2. be known as / be known for(辨析) be known as:以……身份/称号而闻名,后接身份、称号,如:The 24 Solar Terms are known as the “Fifth Great Invention of China”. be known for:因……特征/事迹而闻名,后接特征、事迹,如:Turpan is known for its hot weather and karez system. 3. as long as(表长度)/ as long as(表条件)(辨析) 表长度:和……一样长,后接具体长度或名词,如:The underground canals are as long as the Yellow River. 表条件:只要,后接从句,如:We can live in harmony with nature as long as we respect it. 4. lie in / lie on / lie to(lie 用法辨析) lie in:(问题、答案等)存在,在于,如:The secret lies in the ancient karez system. lie on:位于(接壤);躺在……上,如:Hunan lies on the south of Hubei. lie to:位于(不接壤),如:Japan lies to the east of China. 三、核心句型 (一)重点句型 1. what/where/how/why/when引导的宾语从句 “主语 + 谓语 + how/what/where/why/when + 陈述句语序” 课文例句1:I didn’t know how popular the paintings would become. (我不知道这些画会变得多么受欢迎。)—— how 引导,表方式/程度 课文例句2:They help people understand why nature works this way. (它们帮助人们理解大自然为什么会这样运作。)—— why 引导,表原因 课文例句3:But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? (但是你知道真正的火焰山在哪里吗?)—— where 引导,表地点,疑问句中宾语从句用陈述句语序 结构解析:引导词how/what/where/why/when 在从句中充当成分(how 表方式,what 表内容,where 表地点等),从句必须用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),不能用疑问句语序。 仿写:① I want to know where Turpan is. (我想知道吐鲁番在哪里。) ② She doesn’t understand why the 24 Solar Terms are important. (她不明白为什么二十四节气很重要。) 易错提醒:避免从句用疑问句语序,如错误:Do you know where is Turpan? 正确:Do you know where Turpan is? 2. It is + 形容词 + that + 宾语从句 课文例句:It is likely that people will keep the karez system in the future. (未来人们很可能会保留坎儿井系统。) 结构解析:It 为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句,常用形容词有likely(可能的)、important(重要的)、necessary(必要的)等。 仿写:It is important that we should protect natural resources. (我们应该保护自然资源,这很重要。) 3. although/though引导的让步状语从句 课文例句:Although modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. (尽管现代技术正在解决一些问题,但坎儿井系统仍然发挥着重要作用。) 结构解析:although/though 意为“尽管,虽然”,不能与but 连用(但可与yet/still 连用),引导的从句可位于句首或句末。 仿写:Although Turpan is very hot, people live happily there. (尽管吐鲁番很热,但人们在那里生活得很幸福。) 易错提醒:避免出现Although...but... 的错误结构。 4. when引导的时间状语从句 课文例句:I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. (当一个新的节气即将开始时,我总是感到很兴奋。) 结构解析:when 意为“当……的时候”,引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般现在时,从句用一般现在时;主句用一般过去时,从句用一般过去时。 仿写:People celebrate the arrival of Start of Spring when it comes every year. (每年立春到来时,人们都会庆祝它的到来。) 5. as long as引导的条件状语从句 课文延伸句:We can live in harmony with nature as long as we respect its laws. (只要我们尊重自然规律,就能与自然和谐共处。) 结构解析:as long as 意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时(主将从现)。 仿写:We can save water as long as we develop good habits. (只要我们养成好习惯,就能节约用水。) 6. It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth 对某人来说做某事是……的(高频写作句型) 课文延伸句:It is difficult for people to survive in Turpan without the karez system. (没有坎儿井系统,人们很难在吐鲁番生存。) 仿写:It is meaningful for us to explore the secrets of nature. (对我们来说,探索自然的秘密是有意义的。) 7. ...be one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 ……是最……的……之一 课文例句1:It’s known as one of the hottest areas in the world. (它被称为世界上最热的地区之一。) 课文例句2:No wonder it’s among the top three projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。)(同义变形) 仿写:The 24 Solar Terms are one of the most important cultural heritages of China. (二十四节气是中国最重要的文化遗产之一。) 易错提醒:one of 后接名词复数,形容词用最高级形式。 8. Another natural resource that we use for energy is... 我们用于获取能源的另一种自然资源是……(交际用语原句,适配写作开头) 课文例句:Another natural resource that we use for energy is solar power. (我们用于获取能源的另一种自然资源是太阳能。) 仿写:Another natural resource that we use for energy is wind power. (我们用于获取能源的另一种自然资源是风能。) 9. One way to...is to... 做……的一种方法是……(交际用语重点,适配写作) 课文例句:One way to get energy from nature is to use the sun. (从自然中获取能源的一种方法是利用太阳。) 仿写:One way to protect the karez system is to reduce water waste. (保护坎儿井系统的一种方法是减少水资源浪费。) 10. There is a (strong) possibility that... 有(很大的)可能…… 课文延伸句:There is a strong possibility that the karez system will be passed down to the future. (坎儿井系统很有可能会传承到未来。) 仿写:There is a possibility that more people will take interest in the 24 Solar Terms. (可能会有更多的人对二十四节气产生兴趣。) (二)易错句型提醒 1. 宾语从句语序易错:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句必须用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),如错误:Do you know why is the karez system important? 正确:Do you know why the karez system is important? 2. 宾语从句时态易错:主句用一般过去时,从句需用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去将来时等),如:I didn’t know that he would come. (主句过去时,从句过去将来时);主句用一般现在时,从句用任意时态(根据句意)。 3. although 用法易错:although 不能与but 连用,但可与still/yet 连用,如错误:Although it is hot, but people live happily. 正确:Although it is hot, people still live happily. 4. one of 用法易错:one of 后接名词复数,形容词用最高级,如错误:It is one of the hot area in the world. 正确:It is one of the hottest areas in the world. 5. as long as 时态易错:引导条件状语从句时,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时(主将从现),如错误:We will protect the environment as long as we will try our best. 正确:We will protect the environment as long as we try our best. 四、语法重点 (一)语法定义 宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的从句,通常位于及物动词、介词或形容词后面。本单元重点学习由连接副词what(什么,表内容)、where(哪里,表地点)、how(如何,表方式/程度)、why(为什么,表原因)、when(什么时候,表时间)引导的宾语从句,这些连接副词在从句中充当相应的状语成分,不能省略。 (二)核心用法 1. 引导词的用法 how(表方式/程度):I didn’t know how popular the paintings would become. (我不知道这些画会变得多么受欢迎。) why(表原因):They help people understand why nature works this way. (它们帮助人们理解大自然为什么会这样运作。) where(表地点):But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? (但是你知道真正的火焰山在哪里吗?) 2. 宾语从句的时态规则 (1)主句为一般现在时:宾语从句可根据句意使用任意时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等),贴合句子表达的时间。 课文例句:They help people understand why nature works this way. (主句一般现在时,从句一般现在时,描述客观事实) 拓展例句:I know where the Flaming Mountains are. (主句一般现在时,从句一般现在时,表当前存在的地点) 拓展例句:I want to know what they did yesterday. (主句一般现在时,从句一般过去时,表过去发生的动作) (2)主句为一般过去时:宾语从句需使用相应的过去时态,保持时态一致(一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时等)。 课文例句:I didn’t know how popular the paintings would become. (主句一般过去时,从句过去将来时,表过去看来将要发生的事情) 拓展例句:He asked me why nature worked that way. (主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时,表过去的客观情况) 拓展例句:She wondered when the karez system was built. (主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时,表过去发生的动作) (3)客观真理永不变:宾语从句描述客观真理、永恒不变的事实时,无论主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。 拓展例句:Our teacher told us that the sun gives us light and heat. (主句一般过去时,从句一般现在时,太阳发光发热是客观真理) 拓展例句:He said that the 24 Solar Terms are important for farming. (主句一般过去时,从句一般现在时,二十四节气对农业的重要性是客观事实) 3. 宾语从句的语序规则(必记,规避句型转换陷阱) 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),不能使用疑问句语序(助动词/情态动词+主语)。这是本单元语法最核心的易错点,结合课文原句重点突破。 正确(课文原句):But do you know where the real Flaming Mountains are? (从句:the real Flaming Mountains + are,陈述句语序) 错误:But do you know where are the real Flaming Mountains? (从句用疑问句语序,需改正) 正确(课文原句):I didn’t know how popular the paintings would become. (从句:the paintings + would become,陈述句语序) 错误:I didn’t know how popular would the paintings become. (从句用疑问句语序,需改正) 用法提醒:当引导词是what/where/how等连接副词时,连接副词+陈述句语序,构成完整的宾语从句。 (三)语法易错点专项突破 1. 引导词遗漏易错:连接副词what/where/how/why/when在宾语从句中充当成分,不能省略,区别于that引导的宾语从句(that可省略)。错误:I don’t know the real Flaming Mountains are. (遗漏引导词where)正确:I don’t know where the real Flaming Mountains are. 2. 时态不一致易错:主句为过去时,从句未改为相应的过去时态;或从句描述客观真理时,误改为过去时态。错误:He said why nature works this way. (主句过去时,从句未改过去时)正确:He said why nature worked this way. 错误:Our teacher told us that the sun gave us light and heat. (客观真理误改过去时)正确:Our teacher told us that the sun gives us light and heat. 3. 语序错误:混淆疑问句语序和陈述句语序,这是本单元语法失分重灾区,需反复练习。错误:Do you know how can we use solar power? (从句用疑问句语序)正确:Do you know how we can use solar power? (从句用陈述句语序) 4. 引导词误用:混淆连接副词的含义,如用how(表方式)代替why(表原因),用where(表地点)代替when(表时间)。错误:She asked me where the next Solar Term will come. (表“什么时候”,应用when,而非where)正确:She asked me when the next Solar Term will come. 五、写作指导 (一)单元核心话题 本单元围绕“Living with nature”(与自然共处)主题,语篇覆盖二十四节气的文化内涵、坎儿井系统的古代智慧、人与自然和谐共处三个方向,可灵活套用。 高频写作题目示例: 1. 介绍二十四节气(地位、对古代村民的作用、现代人的态度、你的看法)。 2. 介绍坎儿井系统(吐鲁番的环境、坎儿井的构造与作用、保护意义)。 3. 谈谈如何保护自然环境和文化遗产,体现人与自然和谐共处。 写作要求 1. 词数:80-100词。 2. 内容:三段式结构,开头点题、中间展开、结尾升华。 3. 语言:正确使用宾语从句(what/where/how/why/when引导)、单元核心短语(be known as、thanks to、take action to do等)及句型(so...that、as long as、It is adj that...等)。 4. 注意:专有名词首字母大写(the 24 Solar Terms, Turpan, karez);不可数名词(wheat, energy, rainfall)不加s。 (二)高分句式与词组 (1)开头句式(点题引入) 1. The 24 Solar Terms are an important part of Chinese culture. (二十四节气是中国文化的重要组成部分。) 2. Turpan is a city surrounded by desert, but people can survive thanks to the ancient karez system. (吐鲁番是一座被沙漠环绕的城市,但多亏了古老的坎儿井系统,人们能够生存。) 3. There are many great ancient cultural heritages in China that show the wisdom of our ancestors. (中国有许多伟大的古代文化遗产,展现了我们祖先的智慧。) (2)中间句式(描述细节) 1. They are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China" and bear social and cultural meanings. (它们被称为“中国第五大发明”,承载着社会和文化意义。) 2. In ancient times, they helped villagers know when to farm, harvest and rest, so they meant so much to them. (古代时候,它们帮助村民知道何时耕种、收割和休息,所以对他们意义重大。) 3. The secret lies in the ancient karez system, which was completed with only hand tools. (秘密在于古老的坎儿井系统,它仅用手工工具就建成了。) 4. No wonder it is among the top three projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。) (3)结尾句式(总结升华) 1. I think we should learn more about them and pass them down, because they are the wisdom of our ancestors. (我认为我们应该更多地了解它们并传承下去,因为它们是我们祖先的智慧。) 2. We should take action to protect the karez system and pass down this great ancient wisdom. (我们应该采取行动保护坎儿井系统,传承这一伟大的古代智慧。) 3. Only in this way can we live in harmony with nature and pass down these precious cultural heritages. (只有这样,我们才能与自然和谐共处,并将这些珍贵的文化遗产传承下去。) (4)高分词组搭配 be known as 被称为,以……而闻名 bear social and cultural meanings 承载社会和文化意义 mean so much to sb 对某人意义重大 thanks to 多亏了,幸亏 lie in 在于 as long as 只要;和……一样长 take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 no wonder 难怪 among the top three 前三名之中 a shortage of ……的短缺 live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处 pass down 传承,传下去 (三)参考范文 (1)介绍二十四节气 The 24 Solar Terms The 24 Solar Terms are an important part of Chinese culture. They are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China" and bear social and cultural meanings. In ancient times, they meant so much to villagers because they helped them know when to farm, harvest and rest. Today, many people still keep traditional activities related to them, such as eating spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. I think the 24 Solar Terms are the wisdom of our ancestors. We should learn more about them and pass them down, because they help us live in harmony with nature.(98词) (2)介绍坎儿井系统 The Ancient Karez System Turpan is a city in Xinjiang, surrounded by desert. It is one of the hottest areas in the world, but people can survive thanks to the ancient karez system. The karez system includes wells and large underground canals. Amazingly, it was completed with only hand tools. No wonder it is among the top three projects of ancient China. However, today Turpan faces a water shortage, and more and more young people are taking action to protect it. I think we should take action to protect the karez system and pass down this great ancient wisdom. As long as we respect nature, we can live in harmony with it.(96词) (3)保护文化遗产与自然环境 Protect Our Cultural Heritage There are many great ancient cultural heritages in China, such as the 24 Solar Terms and the karez system. They show the wisdom of our ancestors and help us live in harmony with nature. However, some of them are facing problems now. For example, Turpan faces a water shortage, and the karez system needs protection. I think we can take action to protect them. First, we can learn more about them and tell our friends about their importance. Second, we should respect nature and save natural resources. Third, we can take part in activities to protect cultural heritages. Only in this way can we pass down these precious cultural heritages to the future and live in harmony with nature. 1 / 19 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 6 Living with nature 知识清单默写版 目录 一、核心词汇 2 (一)核心词汇解析 2 (二)词汇易错点总结 7 二、核心短语 7 (一)必背短语 7 (二)易错短语辨析 11 三、核心句型 12 (一)重点句型 12 (二)易错句型提醒 14 四、语法重点 15 (一)语法定义 15 (二)核心用法 15 (三)语法易错点专项突破 16 五、写作指导 17 (一)单元核心话题 17 (二)高分句式与词组 17 (三)参考范文 19 一、核心词汇 (一)核心词汇解析 1.villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ n. 村民 课文例句: _____________ hurried to the fields.(村民们急忙赶往田间。) 2.wheat /wiːt/ n. 小麦(不可数名词,无复数) 课文例句:Adults were busy cutting the _____________ .(大人们正忙着割小麦。) 搭配:不可数名词,无复数形式,不能加s 3.childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年,儿童时代 课文例句:This is one of the best memories of my _____________ . (这是我童年最美好的记忆之一。) 4.countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ n. 乡下,农村 课文例句:I grew up in the _____________ of Shandong Province. (我在山东省的乡下长大。) 搭配:in the countryside 在乡下 5.province /ˈprɒvɪns/ n. 省 课文例句:I grew up in the countryside of Shandong _____________ . (我在山东省的乡下长大。) 易错点:专有名词首字母大写,如Shandong Province 山东省 6.especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ adv. 尤其,特别 课文例句:I’m so happy that many people, _____________ the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom. (我很高兴许多人,尤其是年轻人,对古老智慧产生了新的兴趣。) 用法:修饰形容词、副词或句子 7.energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能源;精力 课文例句:The sun was our first _____________ source, giving us light and heat. (太阳是我们最早的能源,给我们光和热。) 搭配:natural energy 天然能源 8.desert /ˈdezət/ n. 沙漠,荒漠 课文例句:They are in Turpan, in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, surrounded by _____________ . (它们位于新疆维吾尔自治区东部的吐鲁番,被沙漠环绕。) 9.environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 生态环境 课文例句:How do people survive in such a terrible _____________ ? (人们如何在如此糟糕的环境中生存?) 搭配:protect the environment 保护环境 10.resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源 课文例句:What natural _____________ do we use?(我们使用什么自然资源?) 搭配:常用复数:natural resources 自然资源 11.survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 活下来;幸存 课文例句:How do people _____________ in such a terrible climate? (人们如何在如此恶劣的气候中生存?) 词性拓展:survival n. 生存 12.increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ n. 增加,增多;增长 课文例句:There is less water from the mountains, lower rainfall and a large _____________ in water use.(山上来的水更少了,降雨量更低,用水量大幅增加。) 搭配:an increase in... 在……方面的增长 13.sweetly /ˈswiːtli/ adv. 悦耳动听地,好听地 课文例句:Lively birds sang _____________ in the trees. (活泼的鸟儿在树上悦耳地歌唱。) 14.wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧,知识,学问 课文例句:I’m so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient _____________ . (我很高兴许多人,尤其是年轻人,对古老智慧产生了新的兴趣。) 搭配:ancient wisdom 古老智慧 15.below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep. 在……的下面 课文例句:In the hundreds of comments _____________ my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. (在我帖子下面的数百条评论中,其他人分享了类似的记忆和感受。) 易错点:below 不垂直,under 垂直下方 16.arrival /əˈraɪvl/ n. 到来 课文例句:People celebrate their _____________ with traditional activities. (人们用传统活动庆祝它们的到来。) 词性拓展:arrive v. 到达 搭配:the arrival of... ……的到来 17.calendar /ˈkælɪndə(r)/ n. 历法 课文例句:The ancient _____________ has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. (古老的历法从未从中国人的生活中消失。) 搭配:ancient calendar 古历法 18.webpage /ˈwebpeɪdʒ/ n. 网页 课文例句:Complete the _____________ using the words from the box. (用方框中的词语完成网页。) 19.energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的,充满活力的 课文例句:They carefully checked what the water looked and used different words like “ _____________ ” or “dangerous”. (他们仔细检查了水的样子,用了不同的词如“精力充沛的”或“危险的”。) 20.safely /ˈseɪfli/ adv. 安全地,无危害地 课文例句:By understanding the laws of nature, people can live in nature more _____________ . (通过了解自然规律,人们可以更安全地生活在自然中。) 词性拓展:safe adj. 安全的 21.material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料 课文例句:Later, people learnt to use different natural _____________ for energy, such as wood and oil. (后来,人们学会了使用不同的天然材料来获取能源,如木材和石油。) 搭配:natural materials 天然材料 22.charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ v. (使)充电;收费 课文例句:Mike and his dad are able to cook food and _____________ a phone using the sun. (迈克和他爸爸能用太阳能做饭和给手机充电。) 搭配:charge a phone 给手机充电 23.probably /ˈprɒbəbli/ adv. 很可能,大概 课文例句:You _____________ remember the Flaming Mountains from Journey to the West. (你可能从《西游记》中记得火焰山。) 同义替换:maybe, perhaps 24.mid-summer /ˌmɪdˈsʌmə/ n. 仲夏 课文例句:The desert sand can be as hot as 80°C in _____________ . (仲夏时节沙漠沙子的温度可达80°C。) 25.crazy /ˈkreɪzi/ adj. 疯狂的 课文例句:It may sound _____________ , but the locals can cook an egg on the desert sand. (这听起来可能很疯狂,但当地人可以在沙漠沙子上煎鸡蛋。) 搭配:be crazy about 痴迷于…… 26.rainfall /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ n. 雨量(不可数名词) 课文例句: _____________ in Turpan is only 16 mm a year. (吐鲁番的年降雨量只有16毫米。) 易错点:不可数名词 27.underground /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ adj. 地(面)下的;adv. 在地下 课文例句:Under these wells are large _____________ canals. (在这些井下面是大型地下运河。) 28.canal /kəˈnæl/ n. 运河 课文例句:Under these wells are large underground _____________ . (在这些井下面是大型地下运河。) 29.amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ adv. 惊人地;了不起地 课文例句:And _____________ , all of this was completed with only hand tools! (令人惊叹的是,所有这些都仅用手工工具建成了!) 词性拓展:amazing adj. 令人惊讶的 30.among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. 在……(人员)中;是……之一 课文例句:No wonder it’s _____________ the top three projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。) 搭配:among the top three 在前三位之中 31.shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺,不足,缺乏 课文例句:Today, the area faces a water _____________ . (如今,该地区面临水资源短缺。) 搭配:a shortage of... 短缺…… 32.the 24 Solar Terms 二十四节气(课文核心话题) 课文例句:The _____________ meant so much to them. (二十四节气对他们意义重大。) 33.Grain in Ear 芒种(二十四节气之一) 课文例句:It was early one morning of _____________ . (那是一个芒种节的清晨。) 34.Start of Spring 立春(二十四节气之一) 课文例句:For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at _____________ and dumplings at Start of Winter. (例如,许多人仍然在立春吃春饼,在立冬吃饺子。) 35.Start of Winter 立冬(二十四节气之一) 课文例句:For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at _____________ . (例如,许多人仍然在立春吃春饼,在立冬吃饺子。) 36.Major Snow 大雪(二十四节气之一) 37.Minor Heat 小暑(二十四节气之一) 38.End of Heat 处暑(二十四节气之一) 39.Journey to the West 《西游记》(中国四大名著之一) 课文例句:You probably remember the Flaming Mountains from _____________ . (你可能从《西游记》中记得火焰山。) 40.the Flaming Mountains 火焰山(地名) 课文例句:You probably remember _____________ from Journey to the West. (你可能从《西游记》中记得火焰山。) 41.Turpan /ˈtʊəˈpɑːn/ 吐鲁番(地名) 课文例句:They are in _____________ , in the east of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (它们位于新疆维吾尔自治区东部的吐鲁番。) 42.the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 新疆维吾尔自治区(地名) 课文例句:They are in Turpan, in the east of the _____________ . (它们位于新疆维吾尔自治区东部的吐鲁番。) 43.karez /kæˈrez/ 坎儿井(专有名词,无复数) 课文例句:The secret lies in the ancient _____________ system. (秘密在于古老的坎儿井系统。) 44.New Zealand 新西兰(地名) 课文例句:The Maori in _____________ had many terms to describe the sea. (新西兰的毛利人有很多描述海洋的词语。) (二)词汇易错点总结 1. 可数/不可数易错:wheat(小麦)、rainfall(雨量)、energy(能源)为不可数名词,无复数形式,不能加s; 2. 拼写易错:childhood 易拼错(注意h不遗漏)、especially 易拼错(漏写l)、environment 易漏写n; 3. 词性易错:survive(v. 幸存)→ survival(n. 生存);arrive(v. 到达)→ arrival(n. 到来);amazing(adj. 令人惊讶的)→ amazingly(adv. 惊人地),避免词性误用; 4. 词义易错:ear 在Grain in Ear中意为“穗”,而非“耳朵”;lie 在此单元意为“(问题、答案等)存在,在于”,而非“躺;说谎”; 5. 专有名词易错:所有地名、节气名称首字母必须大写,如Turpan、the 24 Solar Terms、Grain in Ear,不可小写。 二、核心短语 (一)必背短语 1. live by doing sth 靠做某事为生 课文例句:Most of the villagers there _____________ farming. (那里大多数村民靠耕种为生。) 拓展例句:They _____________ hunting and fishing in the countryside. (他们在乡下靠打猎和捕鱼为生。) 用法提醒:by 后接动名词形式,不能接动词原形。 2. mean so much to sb 对某人意义重大 课文例句:The 24 Solar Terms _____________ them. (二十四节气对他们意义重大。) 拓展例句:This photo _____________ me because it records my childhood. (这张照片对我意义重大,因为它记录了我的童年。) 同义替换:be very important to sb 3. long to do sth 渴望做某事 课文例句:I _____________ share these feelings in my paintings and poems. (我渴望在画作和诗歌中分享这些感受。) 拓展例句:She _____________ travel around the world and experience different cultures. (她渴望环游世界,体验不同的文化。) 同义替换:be eager to do sth 4. be known as 以……而闻名;被称为 课文例句:The 24 Solar Terms _____________ the “Fifth Great Invention of China”. (二十四节气被称为“中国第五大发明”。) 拓展例句:Turpan _____________ one of the hottest areas in the world. (吐鲁番被称为世界上最热的地区之一。) 用法提醒:后接职业、身份、称号或特征,区别于be known for(因……而闻名)。 5. bear social and cultural meanings 承载着社会和文化意义 课文例句:Many of the 24 Solar Terms _____________ , too. (许多二十四节气也承载着社会和文化意义。) 拓展例句:The Great Wall _____________ of the Chinese nation. (长城承载着中华民族的社会和文化意义。) 用法提醒:bear 此处意为“承载;具有”,为动词,过去式为bore,过去分词为borne。 6. according to 据……所示;按……所说 课文例句: _____________ the passage, the karez system is very important for Turpan. (据文章所述,坎儿井系统对吐鲁番非常重要。) 拓展例句: _____________ the weather report, it will be sunny tomorrow. (据天气预报显示,明天将是晴天。) 用法提醒:后接名词、代词或从句,不能接句子(若接句子,需改为according to what sb said)。 7. lie in 在于 课文例句:The secret _____________ the ancient karez system. (秘密在于古老的坎儿井系统。) 拓展例句:The key to solving the problem _____________ working hard and never giving up. (解决这个问题的关键在于努力工作,永不放弃。) 用法提醒:lie 此处意为“(问题、答案等)存在,在于”,过去式为lay,过去分词为lain。 8. as long as 和……一样长;只要 课文例句:That’s nearly _____________ the Yellow River! (那几乎和黄河一样长!) 拓展例句:This river is _____________ 500 kilometres. (这条河长达500公里。) 拓展例句2(表条件):You can pass the exam _____________ you study hard. (只要你努力学习,就能通过考试。) 9. thanks to 多亏了;由于 课文例句: _____________ the karez system, people can grow plants for food in this difficult environment. (多亏了坎儿井系统,人们可以在这样艰难的环境中种植食物。) 拓展例句: _____________ the doctors and nurses, many patients recovered quickly. (多亏了医生和护士,许多病人很快康复了。) 用法提醒:后接名词、代词,不能接句子,语气含感激或庆幸。 10. no wonder 难怪;不足为奇 课文例句: _____________ it’s among the top three projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。) 拓展例句:He studies very hard every day. _____________ he always gets good grades. (他每天都努力学习,难怪他总是取得好成绩。) 用法提醒:后接从句,可省略it is,即No wonder (that)...。 11. among the top three 在前三位之中;是前三位之一 课文例句:No wonder it’s _____________ projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。) 拓展例句:She is _____________ students in our class. (她是我们班前三名的学生之一。) 用法提醒:among 用于三者或三者以上之中,between 用于两者之间。 12. a shortage of 短缺;缺乏 课文例句:Today, the area faces _____________ water. (如今,该地区面临水资源短缺。) 拓展例句:There is _____________ food and water in the disaster area. (灾区面临着食物和水的短缺。) 搭配:a shortage of water/food/energy 水/食物/能源短缺 13. take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 课文例句:Now, more and more young people are _____________ protect it. (现在,越来越多的年轻人正在采取行动保护它。) 拓展例句:We should _____________ protect the environment and live in harmony with nature. (我们应该采取行动保护环境,与自然和谐共处。) 同义替换:take measures to do sth 14. natural resources 自然资源 课文例句:What _____________ do we use? (我们使用什么自然资源?) 拓展例句:We should save _____________ and avoid wasting them. (我们应该节约自然资源,避免浪费。) 用法提醒:resource 此处用复数形式,泛指各种资源。 15. one way to do sth 做某事的一种方法 课文例句: _____________ get energy is to use solar power. (获取能源的一种方法是利用太阳能。) 拓展例句: _____________ improve your English is to read more English articles. (提高英语的一种方法是多读英语文章。) (二)易错短语辨析 1. in the east of / on the east of / to the east of(方位介词辨析,语言注释重点) in the east of:在……的东部(内部),如:Shandong is in the east of China. 山东在中国的东部。(山东属于中国内部) on the east of:在……的东部(外部,接壤),如:Jiangxi Province is on the east of Hunan Province. 江西省在湖南省的东边。(江西和湖南接壤) to the east of:在……的东部(外部,不接壤),如:Fujian Province is to the east of Hunan Province. 福建省在湖南省的东边。(福建和湖南不接壤) 课文例句:They are in Turpan, _____________ the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. (吐鲁番在新疆内部,用in) 2. be known as / be known for(辨析) be known as:以……身份/称号而闻名,后接身份、称号,如:The 24 Solar Terms _____________ the “Fifth Great Invention of China”. be known for:因……特征/事迹而闻名,后接特征、事迹,如:Turpan _____________ its hot weather and karez system. 3. as long as(表长度)/ as long as(表条件)(辨析) 表长度:和……一样长,后接具体长度或名词,如:The underground canals are _____________ the Yellow River. 表条件:只要,后接从句,如:We can live in harmony with nature _____________ we respect it. 4. lie in / lie on / lie to(lie 用法辨析) lie in:(问题、答案等)存在,在于,如:The secret _____________ the ancient karez system. lie on:位于(接壤);躺在……上,如:Hunan _____________ the south of Hubei. lie to:位于(不接壤),如:Japan _____________ the east of China. 三、核心句型 (一)重点句型 1. what/where/how/why/when引导的宾语从句 “主语 + 谓语 + how/what/where/why/when + 陈述句语序” 课文例句1:I didn’t know _____________ popular the paintings would become. (我不知道这些画会变得多么受欢迎。)—— how 引导,表方式/程度 课文例句2:They help people understand _____________ nature works this way. (它们帮助人们理解大自然为什么会这样运作。)—— why 引导,表原因 课文例句3:But do you know _____________ the real Flaming Mountains are? (但是你知道真正的火焰山在哪里吗?)—— where 引导,表地点,疑问句中宾语从句用陈述句语序 结构解析:引导词how/what/where/why/when 在从句中充当成分(how 表方式,what 表内容,where 表地点等),从句必须用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),不能用疑问句语序。 仿写:① I want to know where Turpan is. (我想知道吐鲁番在哪里。)② She doesn’t understand why the 24 Solar Terms are important. (她不明白为什么二十四节气很重要。) 易错提醒:避免从句用疑问句语序,如错误:Do you know where is Turpan? 正确:Do you know where Turpan is? 2. It is + 形容词 + that + 宾语从句 课文例句: _____________ people will keep the karez system in the future. (未来人们很可能会保留坎儿井系统。) 结构解析:It 为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句,常用形容词有likely(可能的)、important(重要的)、necessary(必要的)等。 仿写:It is important that we should protect natural resources. (我们应该保护自然资源,这很重要。) 3. although/though引导的让步状语从句 课文例句: _____________ modern technology is solving some problems, the karez system still plays an important role. (尽管现代技术正在解决一些问题,但坎儿井系统仍然发挥着重要作用。) 结构解析:although/though 意为“尽管,虽然”,不能与but 连用(但可与yet/still 连用),引导的从句可位于句首或句末。 仿写:Although Turpan is very hot, people live happily there. (尽管吐鲁番很热,但人们在那里生活得很幸福。) 易错提醒:避免出现Although...but... 的错误结构。 4. when引导的时间状语从句 课文例句:I always feel excited _____________ a new term is set to begin. (当一个新的节气即将开始时,我总是感到很兴奋。) 结构解析:when 意为“当……的时候”,引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般现在时,从句用一般现在时;主句用一般过去时,从句用一般过去时。 仿写:People celebrate the arrival of Start of Spring when it comes every year. (每年立春到来时,人们都会庆祝它的到来。) 5. as long as引导的条件状语从句 课文延伸句:We can live in harmony with nature _____________ we respect its laws. (只要我们尊重自然规律,就能与自然和谐共处。) 结构解析:as long as 意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时(主将从现)。 仿写:We can save water as long as we develop good habits. (只要我们养成好习惯,就能节约用水。) 6. It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth 对某人来说做某事是……的(高频写作句型) 课文延伸句: _____________ for people to survive in Turpan without the karez system. (没有坎儿井系统,人们很难在吐鲁番生存。) 仿写:It is meaningful for us to explore the secrets of nature. (对我们来说,探索自然的秘密是有意义的。) 7. ...be one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 ……是最……的……之一 课文例句1: _____________ known as one of the hottest areas in the world. (它被称为世界上最热的地区之一。) 课文例句2: _____________ among the top three projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。)(同义变形) 仿写:The 24 Solar Terms are one of the most important cultural heritages of China. (二十四节气是中国最重要的文化遗产之一。) 易错提醒:one of 后接名词复数,形容词用最高级形式。 8. Another natural resource that we use for energy is... 我们用于获取能源的另一种自然资源是……(交际用语原句,适配写作开头) 课文例句: _____________ natural resource that we use for energy is solar power. (我们用于获取能源的另一种自然资源是太阳能。) 仿写:Another natural resource that we use for energy is wind power. (我们用于获取能源的另一种自然资源是风能。) 9. One way to...is to... 做……的一种方法是……(交际用语重点,适配写作) 课文例句: _____________ to get energy from nature is to use the sun. (从自然中获取能源的一种方法是利用太阳。) 仿写:One way to protect the karez system is to reduce water waste. (保护坎儿井系统的一种方法是减少水资源浪费。) 10. There is a (strong) possibility that... 有(很大的)可能…… 课文延伸句: _____________ that the karez system will be passed down to the future. (坎儿井系统很有可能会传承到未来。) 仿写:There is a possibility that more people will take interest in the 24 Solar Terms. (可能会有更多的人对二十四节气产生兴趣。) (二)易错句型提醒 1. 宾语从句语序易错:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句必须用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),如错误:Do you know why is the karez system important? 正确:Do you know why the karez system is important? 2. 宾语从句时态易错:主句用一般过去时,从句需用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去将来时等),如:I didn’t know that he would come. (主句过去时,从句过去将来时);主句用一般现在时,从句用任意时态(根据句意)。 3. although 用法易错:although 不能与but 连用,但可与still/yet 连用,如错误:Although it is hot, but people live happily. 正确:Although it is hot, people still live happily. 4. one of 用法易错:one of 后接名词复数,形容词用最高级,如错误:It is one of the hot area in the world. 正确:It is one of the hottest areas in the world. 5. as long as 时态易错:引导条件状语从句时,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时(主将从现),如错误:We will protect the environment as long as we will try our best. 正确:We will protect the environment as long as we try our best. 四、语法重点 (一)语法定义 宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的从句,通常位于及物动词、介词或形容词后面。本单元重点学习由连接副词what(什么,表内容)、where(哪里,表地点)、how(如何,表方式/程度)、why(为什么,表原因)、when(什么时候,表时间)引导的宾语从句,这些连接副词在从句中充当相应的状语成分,不能省略。 (二)核心用法 1. 引导词的用法(重点,分引导词讲解,配课文原句) how(表方式/程度):I didn’t know _____________ popular the paintings would become. (我不知道这些画会变得多么受欢迎。) why(表原因):They help people understand _____________ nature works this way. (它们帮助人们理解大自然为什么会这样运作。) where(表地点):But do you know _____________ the real Flaming Mountains are? (但是你知道真正的火焰山在哪里吗?) 2. 宾语从句的时态规则 (1)主句为一般现在时:宾语从句可根据句意使用任意时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等),贴合句子表达的时间。 课文例句:They help people understand _____________ nature works this way. (主句一般现在时,从句一般现在时,描述客观事实) 拓展例句:I know where the Flaming Mountains are. (主句一般现在时,从句一般现在时,表当前存在的地点) 拓展例句:I want to know what they did yesterday. (主句一般现在时,从句一般过去时,表过去发生的动作) (2)主句为一般过去时:宾语从句需使用相应的过去时态,保持时态一致(一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时等)。 课文例句:I didn’t know _____________ popular the paintings would become. (主句一般过去时,从句过去将来时,表过去看来将要发生的事情) 拓展例句:He asked me why nature worked that way. (主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时,表过去的客观情况) 拓展例句:She wondered when the karez system was built. (主句一般过去时,从句一般过去时,表过去发生的动作) (3)客观真理永不变:宾语从句描述客观真理、永恒不变的事实时,无论主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。 拓展例句:Our teacher told us that the sun gives us light and heat. (主句一般过去时,从句一般现在时,太阳发光发热是客观真理) 拓展例句:He said that the 24 Solar Terms are important for farming. (主句一般过去时,从句一般现在时,二十四节气对农业的重要性是客观事实) 3. 宾语从句的语序规则(必记,规避句型转换陷阱) 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述句语序(主语+谓语),不能使用疑问句语序(助动词/情态动词+主语)。这是本单元语法最核心的易错点,结合课文原句重点突破。 正确(课文原句):But do you know _____________ ? (从句:the real Flaming Mountains + are,陈述句语序) 错误:But do you know where are the real Flaming Mountains? (从句用疑问句语序,需改正) 正确(课文原句):I didn’t know _____________ popular the paintings would become. (从句:the paintings + would become,陈述句语序) 错误:I didn’t know how popular would the paintings become. (从句用疑问句语序,需改正) 用法提醒:当引导词是what/where/how等连接副词时,连接副词+陈述句语序,构成完整的宾语从句。 (三)语法易错点专项突破 1. 引导词遗漏易错:连接副词what/where/how/why/when在宾语从句中充当成分,不能省略,区别于that引导的宾语从句(that可省略)。错误:I don’t know the real Flaming Mountains are. (遗漏引导词where)正确:I don’t know where the real Flaming Mountains are. 2. 时态不一致易错:主句为过去时,从句未改为相应的过去时态;或从句描述客观真理时,误改为过去时态。错误:He said why nature works this way. (主句过去时,从句未改过去时)正确:He said why nature worked this way. 错误:Our teacher told us that the sun gave us light and heat. (客观真理误改过去时)正确:Our teacher told us that the sun gives us light and heat. 3. 语序错误:混淆疑问句语序和陈述句语序,这是本单元语法失分重灾区,需反复练习。错误:Do you know how can we use solar power? (从句用疑问句语序)正确:Do you know how we can use solar power? (从句用陈述句语序) 4. 引导词误用:混淆连接副词的含义,如用how(表方式)代替why(表原因),用where(表地点)代替when(表时间)。错误:She asked me where the next Solar Term will come. (表“什么时候”,应用when,而非where)正确:She asked me when the next Solar Term will come. 五、写作指导 (一)单元核心话题 本单元围绕“Living with nature”(与自然共处)主题,语篇覆盖二十四节气的文化内涵、坎儿井系统的古代智慧、人与自然和谐共处三个方向,可灵活套用。 高频写作题目示例: 1. 介绍二十四节气(地位、对古代村民的作用、现代人的态度、你的看法)。 2. 介绍坎儿井系统(吐鲁番的环境、坎儿井的构造与作用、保护意义)。 3. 谈谈如何保护自然环境和文化遗产,体现人与自然和谐共处。 写作要求 1. 词数:80-100词。 2. 内容:三段式结构,开头点题、中间展开、结尾升华。 3. 语言:正确使用宾语从句(what/where/how/why/when引导)、单元核心短语(be known as、thanks to、take action to do等)及句型(so...that、as long as、It is adj that...等)。 4. 注意:专有名词首字母大写(the 24 Solar Terms, Turpan, karez);不可数名词(wheat, energy, rainfall)不加s。 (二)高分句式与词组 (1)开头句式(点题引入) 1. The 24 Solar Terms are an important part of Chinese culture. (二十四节气是中国文化的重要组成部分。) 2. Turpan is a city surrounded by desert, but people can survive thanks to the ancient karez system. (吐鲁番是一座被沙漠环绕的城市,但多亏了古老的坎儿井系统,人们能够生存。) 3. There are many great ancient cultural heritages in China that show the wisdom of our ancestors. (中国有许多伟大的古代文化遗产,展现了我们祖先的智慧。) (2)中间句式(描述细节) 1. They are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China" and bear social and cultural meanings. (它们被称为“中国第五大发明”,承载着社会和文化意义。) 2. In ancient times, they helped villagers know when to farm, harvest and rest, so they meant so much to them. (古代时候,它们帮助村民知道何时耕种、收割和休息,所以对他们意义重大。) 3. The secret lies in the ancient karez system, which was completed with only hand tools. (秘密在于古老的坎儿井系统,它仅用手工工具就建成了。) 4. No wonder it is among the top three projects of ancient China. (难怪它是中国古代三大工程之一。) (3)结尾句式(总结升华) 1. I think we should learn more about them and pass them down, because they are the wisdom of our ancestors. (我认为我们应该更多地了解它们并传承下去,因为它们是我们祖先的智慧。) 2. We should take action to protect the karez system and pass down this great ancient wisdom. (我们应该采取行动保护坎儿井系统,传承这一伟大的古代智慧。) 3. Only in this way can we live in harmony with nature and pass down these precious cultural heritages. (只有这样,我们才能与自然和谐共处,并将这些珍贵的文化遗产传承下去。) (4)高分词组搭配 be known as 被称为,以……而闻名 bear social and cultural meanings 承载社会和文化意义 mean so much to sb 对某人意义重大 thanks to 多亏了,幸亏 lie in 在于 as long as 只要;和……一样长 take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 no wonder 难怪 among the top three 前三名之中 a shortage of ……的短缺 live in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处 pass down 传承,传下去 (三)参考范文 (1)介绍二十四节气 The 24 Solar Terms The 24 Solar Terms are an important part of Chinese culture. They are known as the "Fifth Great Invention of China" and bear social and cultural meanings. In ancient times, they meant so much to villagers because they helped them know when to farm, harvest and rest. Today, many people still keep traditional activities related to them, such as eating spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. I think the 24 Solar Terms are the wisdom of our ancestors. We should learn more about them and pass them down, because they help us live in harmony with nature.(98词) (2)介绍坎儿井系统 The Ancient Karez System Turpan is a city in Xinjiang, surrounded by desert. It is one of the hottest areas in the world, but people can survive thanks to the ancient karez system. The karez system includes wells and large underground canals. Amazingly, it was completed with only hand tools. No wonder it is among the top three projects of ancient China. However, today Turpan faces a water shortage, and more and more young people are taking action to protect it. I think we should take action to protect the karez system and pass down this great ancient wisdom. As long as we respect nature, we can live in harmony with it.(96词) (3)保护文化遗产与自然环境 Protect Our Cultural Heritage There are many great ancient cultural heritages in China, such as the 24 Solar Terms and the karez system. They show the wisdom of our ancestors and help us live in harmony with nature. However, some of them are facing problems now. For example, Turpan faces a water shortage, and the karez system needs protection. I think we can take action to protect them. First, we can learn more about them and tell our friends about their importance. Second, we should respect nature and save natural resources. Third, we can take part in activities to protect cultural heritages. Only in this way can we pass down these precious cultural heritages to the future and live in harmony with nature. 1 / 19 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 6 Living with nature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)
1
外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 6 Living with nature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)
2
外研版八年级下册英语 Unit 6 Living with nature 知识清单(背诵版+默写版)
3
所属专辑
相关资源
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。