专题05 Unit 4 单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇+语法填空7篇)--2024-2025学年高一英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020必修第三册)

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册) 单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇+语法填空7篇) I完形填空 Passage 1 The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came as a great shock to the whole world. To his family, he was “a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy(遗赠) will 1 for many years”. His parents, both Oxford graduates, placed a high 2 on education and family members were often seen reading books at dinner. 3 known at school as “Einstein”, Hawking was not successful in study at f irst. With time, he began to show talents for scientif ic subjects and decided to read 4 at university. As mathematics was not available at Oxford then, Hawking chose physics instead. Diagnosed with a rare motor neuron disease(运动神经元病), Hawking eventually 5 a wheelchair. 6 shocked and bitter, Hawking continued his work in physics. After the loss of his 7 , he communicated through a speech-generating device, which 8 him to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an assistant. Hawking once 9 how he felt when f irst informed of his disease, 10 that he would never realize his potential. “But now, 50 years later, I 11 be more satisfied with my life,” he said. Hawking also gained popularity 12 the science world and appeared in several TV shows. He was featured in the f ilm The Theory of Everything, which recorded his rise to honour and relationship with his f irst wife, Jane. Professor James Hartle, who once worked with him, praised his unique ability to see through all the clutter (混乱) in physics and get to the 13 . “My memory of him would be first as a scientist and, second, as a human being whose story is a victory 14 misfortune, which inspired a lot of people.” Professor Jim Al-Khalili pictured Hawking as a humorous person. “He was a fun loving guy. Inside that disabled body was someone full of 15 for life,” he said. 1. A. live on B. hold on C. hang on D. catch on 2. A. judge B. request C. value D. standard 3. A. Unless B. When C. Although D. Because 4. A. physics B. mathematics C. science D. chemistry 5. A. brought in B. resulted in C. ended in D. put in 6. A. Though B. Otherwise C. Indeed D. Even 7. A. movement B. speech C. sense D. writing 8. A. allowed B. forced C. encouraged D. got 9. A. recalled B. fancied C. addressed D. commented 10. A. declaring B. assuming C. determined D. arguing 11. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 12. A. within B. around C. towards D. outside 13. A. destination B. point C. meaning D. conclusion 14. A. with B. over C. about D. from 15. A. energy B. appreciation C. love D. blessing Passage 2 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good 16 . He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore 17 to accept authority(权威) 18 the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 19 and makes experiments to prove them. The 20 of modern science may perhaps be considered to 21 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 22 that we should learn science by observing and 23 on the things around us, and he himself 24 many important truths. Galileo (1564—1642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the most greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 25 towards the earth than small ones, 26 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 27 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s 28 of going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has 29 all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good scientists? From the 30 of Galileo, we know clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have produced better results. 16. A. farmer B. observer C. worker D. student 17. A. refuses B. desires C. intends D. regrets 18. A. to B. as C. with D. for 19. A. casually B. quickly C. carefully D. privately 20. A. adventure B. challenge C. influence D. rise 21. A. date B. keep C. look D. come 22. A. command B. suspect C. suggest D. conclude 23. A. casting B. pouring C. experimenting D. digesting 24. A. brought B. announced C. handled D. discovered 25. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily 26. A. although B. because C. when D. if 27. A. big B. small C. similar D. unequal 28. A. spirit B. skill C. theory D. wish 29. A. put forward B. turned to C. set up D. led to 30. A. vision B. finding C. shadow D. instance Passage 3 The Scientific Contributions of Marie Curie Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist whose research in the field of radioactivity 31 the way for numerous scientific advancements. 32 facing significant challenges as a woman in a male-dominated field, Curie became the first person ever to win two Nobel Prizes in different scientific 33 - physics and chemistry. Curie’s interest in science began at a young age, but 34 the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time, she was unable to 35 higher education in her home country. Determined to follow her 36 , she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the prestigious(有声望的) Sorbonne University. There, she earned degrees 37 physics and mathematics and met her future husband and research partner, Pierre Curie. Together, the Curies conducted 38 research on radioactivity, a term that Mari e Curie herself 39 . In 1898, they discovered two new radioactive elements, polonium -named after Marie’s native Poland - and radium. Following Pierre’s untimely death in 1906, Marie continued her research, eventually 40 pure radium metal in 1910. For this achievement, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, making her the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. Her discoveries had significant practical applications, 41 in the field of medicine. In addition to her scientific contributions, Marie Curie was a trailblazer(先驱) for women in science. At a time when women were often 42 from academic and scientific institutions, Curie broke barriers and became the first female professor at the Sorbonne. Her perseverance, 43 , and passion for discovery continue to inspire generations of scientists, especially women in STEM fields. Despite the personal 44 she made - such as the health problems she suffered because of prolonged exposure to radiation - Marie Curie’s contributions to science and humanity remain 45 . 31. A. paved B. built C. created D. took 32. A. Whether B. Although C. When D. Unless 33. A. approaches. B. methods C. abilities D. disciplines 34. A. thanks to B. above all C. due to D. apart from 35. A. transform B. pursue C. inquire D. quit 36. A. passion B. liberation C. power D. advice 37. A. for B. on C. in D. of 38. A. breathtaking B. groundbreaking C. painstaking. D. underlying 39. A. copied B. discovered C. encountered D. coined 40. A. inventing B. delivering C. isolating D. launching 41. A. particularly B. essentially C. basically D. extremely 42. A. included B. excluded C. concluded D. secluded 43. A. dedication B. arrogance C. ignorance D. inflexibility 44. A. efforts B. effects C. attempts D. sacrifices 45. A. worthless B. unnoticed C. invaluable D. meaningless Passage 4 Sarkar is a nanotechnologist(纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 46 the minds of millions of people worldwide. Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 47 . Her courage as a researcher comes from her 48 , who as a young woman went against social norms(常态) in her village by 49 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father inspired her interest in 50 . Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 51 , fashioning devices to make home life more 52 , including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 53 in science and technology,” Sarkar says. After 54 a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar 55 California to study nanoelectronics. There, she tested new ways to 56 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 57 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 58 , she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice. Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the 59 , which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons(神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains, “Our brains are 60 , but we could be better than what we are,” she says. 46. A. enrich B. read C. affect D. poison 47. A. birds B. researchers C. failures D. inspirations 48. A. aunt B. mother C. sister D. grandmother 49. A. working B. pretending C. refusing D. waiting 50. A. politics B. history C. engineering D. sport 51. A. job B. holiday C. discomfort D. passion 52. A. complex B. convenient C. peaceful D. meaningful 53. A. interested B. honest C. lucky D. disappointed 54. A. starting B. earning C. needing D. introducing 55. A. adapted to B. related to C. headed to D. belonged to 56. A. create B. fix C. operate D. sell 57. A. water B. money C. power D. time 58. A. Unfortunately B. Immediately C. Obviously D. Eventually 59. A. computer B. brain C. exercise D. fashion 60. A. empty B. busy C. relaxed D. remarkable Passage 5 She wasn't aiming to make history, But in the late 1990s, when Sumita Mitra, a chemist at 3M, 61 to use nanotechnology(纳米技术) to improve dental(牙齿的) fillings, that's exactly what happened. Now . 62 in dental offices-and almost every mouth, her fillings are certainly one of the life. Any invention starts with a 63 and so did Mitra's fillings. Before the mid-1990s, fillings came in changing inventions two different 64 . One wasn't strong enough for stress-bearing roots of the teeth like biting surfaces, and the other was strong but could become rough from 65 and chewing. Dentists often had to use two types of materials for every filling, which created problems. In the 1990s, nanotechnology became a growing field for scientific advances. Mitra thought that 66 nanoparticles(纳米粒子) could be used to make a filling, the result would both look nice and be able to 67 wear and tear(磨损). Mitra didn't have much 68 with nanotechnology, but scientists a 3M's research labs were 69 with it for other uses. She joined them and 70 some very unique combinations of nanoparticles. Realizing that nanoparticles could 71 all the requirements was one significant moment, but the ability to combine nanoparticles was the big breakthrough. Nanoparticles are all the same size, and Mitra realized that she could 72 them like a bunch of grapes. The work was groundbreaking and 73 the creation of a famous product-the 3M Filtek Supreme Universal Restorative. The product was the first successful 74 of nanotechnology in dental material and the first commercial application of nanotechnology at 3 M. Though the invention isn't 75 used in other fields, it has really taken dentistry by storm. Patient and dentists are pleased with it. 61. A. demanded B. refused C. longed D. began 62. A. studied B. collected C. found D. started 63. A. problem B. discussion C. story D. dream 64. A. aims B. levels C. systems D. materials 65. A. brushing B. touching C. hiding D. changing 66. A. although B. because C. until D. if 67. A. save B. resist C. cause D. reduce 68. A. patience B. experience C. luck D. power 69. A. going B. living C. missing D. working 70. A. developed B. controlled C. approved D. spread 71. A. state B. test C. achieve D. analyse 72. A. treat B. cover C. move D. combine 73. A. dealt with B. led to C. looked into D. came across 74. A. use B. end C. theory D. record 75. A. partly B. suddenly C. strangely D. broadly Passage 6 Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family. The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific 76 regarding the principles of vaccination(疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization(巴氏灭菌法) . The family was on a very tight 77 . However, his parents 78 education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford. Pasteur had a 79 for painting and drawing. When he realized that art was 80 to earn a living, he changed to 81 He was not a (n) 82 student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his 83 school. Later, he owed his success to his 84 . He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in 85 some of the most difficult scientific problems. Pasteur’s 86 research was completely self-funded. His wife, Marie, 87 supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab. As he became famous gradually, he was able to 88 research positions at more great institutions. Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to 89 and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies. He was highly respected and won just about every award 90 in his field. As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day. 76. A. predictions B. discoveries C. methods D. performances 77. A. turn B. schedule C. relationship D. budget 78. A. valued B. overestimated C. sharpened D. assigned 79. A. demand B. temptation C. passion D. inspiration 80. A. unavoidable B. unlikely C. unexpected D. uneventful 81. A. geography B. arithmetic C. politics D. chemistry 82. A. considerate B. intelligent C. lifelong D. intimate 83. A. desired B. approved C. engaged D. varied 84. A. fame B. routine C. perseverance D. blessing 85. A. fundraising B. tackling C. motivating D. occupying 86. A. overnight B. joint C. monthly D. early 87. A. actively B. objectively C. humbly D. nobly 88. A. turn down B. cope with C. work out D. take up 89. A. dedicate B. treat C. find D. commit 90. A. available B. memorable C. favorable D. knowledgeable Passage 7 As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation. Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 91 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 92 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city. The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 93 experiments. “The first 94 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of 95 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 96 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) 97 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production. “Generally speaking, a good new 98 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 99 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ 100 , it also should be accepted by the market.”Zhang added that the team 101 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with 102 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses. “Agricultural research work is 103 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 104 . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 105 on the land,” she said. 91. A. advertising B. developing C. discussing D. observing 92. A. journalist B. teacher C. researcher D. manager 93. A. precise B. efficient C. simple D. expensive 94. A. way B. attempt C. step D. question 95. A. encouragement B. support C. management D. experiment 96. A. begin B. continue C. follow D. repeat 97. A. practice B. application C. declaration D. invitation 98. A. environment B. machine C. farmland D. variety 99. A. produce B. improve C. show D. develop 100. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 101. A. watered B. bought C. protected D. planted 102. A. reporting B. designing C. conducting D. studying 103. A. normal B. tough C. varied D. specific 104. A. end up B. run out C. break up D. pay off 105. A. answers B. comfort C. dreams D. courage Passage 8 The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 106 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin(硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 107 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 108 explosive. After years of 109 , in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite(炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 110 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 111 published Alfred’s obituary(讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 112 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 113 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 114 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 115 . He spent his lifetime alone 116 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 117 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 118 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 119 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 120 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 106. A. remembering B. honouring C. crediting D. preparing 107. A. nature B. conduct C. flavour D. benefit 108. A. deadly B. bitter C. usable D. mild 109. A. innovations B. efforts C. hesitation D. association 110. A. brought up B. put up C. broke up D. built up 111. A. mistakenly B. purposefully C. unintentionally D. scientifically 112. A. satisfied B. relieved C. impressed D. disappointed 113. A. praised B. blamed C. appreciated D. favoured 114. A. greedy B. essential C. rich D. sufficient 115. A. error B. warning C. threat D. consequence 116. A. destroying B. inventing C. combining D. stimulating 117. A. improve B. establish C. illustrate D. secure 118. A. request B. illustration C. will D. fortune 119. A. choices B. decisions C. profits D. contributions 120. A. gave away B. gave back C. gave off D. gave out Ⅱ语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 Deng Jiaxian was born in Huaining, Anhui Province on June 25, 1924. He entered the Southwest Associated University in 1941. In 1948, Deng 1 (admit) to the Graduate School of Purdue University in the USA, 2 he received a doctorate in physics two years later. Nine days after he got his doctoral degree, he stepped onto the ship back to China and became 3 researcher of Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He started nuclear theoretical research in 4 (cooperate) with Yu Min. In October 1958, together with many other scientists, Deng 5 (take) up the research work of atomic bombs. Deng led the team of 28 members at an average age of 23 to march toward the 6 (mystery) atomic kingdom. 7 (follow) the successful test of the atomic bomb, Deng led his team to join the research group 8 (lead) by Yu Min in1965 and immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb. In an experiment in 1979, a bomb fell directly down to the ground because of a crack in the parachute. He rushed to the spot and examined it 9 (careful). Unfortunately, this led to radiation sickness. He continued to work 10 spite of illness until 1985. On his sickbed, he said, “I knew this day will come, but hadn’t expected it so soon.” After Deng passed away, his friend Chen-Ning Yang wrote an article in mourning. Passage 2 Through Snow’s 11 (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, there are millions of people around the world 12 (infect) with cholera and many die 13 it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. For this reason, Snow 14 (recognize) the father of modern epidemiology. Qian read a lot and was 15 (extreme) knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, 16 might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his deep appreciation for art, 17 (inspire) him a lot in his scientific research. In Quanzhou, Fujian, there is a small fishing village where houses are not built with bricks and tiles 18 with oyster shells. Many tourists come to experience a thousand-year-old folk custom called “Zanhua” (Adorning Flowers). The process of Quanzhou head-pinned flowers is complicated, including cutting, laying, coloring and so on. The main materials for making hair-wearing flowers are metal wire, jewelry stone, colored pearls, etc. These materials are cleverly combined 19 (form) a variety of flower patterns, each of 20 conveys people’s expectations for a better life and good luck. Passage 3 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, 21 research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Tu Youyou, a 22 (commit) and patient scientist, graduated from Peking University Medical School at the age of 25. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists 23 the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 24 (choose). In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find 25 (tradition) botanical treatments for the disease. One medical text from 26 fourth century suggested using the extract from tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. 27 (analyse) the medical texts again made Tu Youyou find a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 28 (apparent) destroyed its medical 29 (property). Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. This medicine, which 30 (call) artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. Passage 4 “Father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping died of illness at 13:07 p.m. in 31 hospital in Changsha of Hunan province. He 32 (cultivate) the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973, 33 was later grown on a large scale in China and other countries to substantially raise output. Yuan once said he had two dreams. One is that people can enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men. The other is that hybrid rice could 34 (grow) all over the world to help solve the 35 (globe) food shortage. Everyone knows 36 he is the Savior(救世主), but he said he is an old farmer who has grown rice all 37 (he) life, and that he would keep working unless he could no longer see or walk. On September 19, 2020, Yuan Longping sent his best 38 (wish) to the youth and shared his eight word successful experience: knowledge, sweat, and opportunity. “Knowledge is the foundation. Sweat is the practice,” he said. “Inspiration is a spark of thought. Everyone has a spark of thought so don’t give it up.” He also said “Chance favors the 39 (prepare) mind!” in English. Our best way 40 (honour) him is to cherish every grain in the bowl and every day without starvation. Passage 5 Wilhelm Röntgen was 41 German scientist. In 1895 he was working in his laboratory 42 he discovered X-rays by accident. A week later, he took an X-ray photograph of his wife’s hand. It 43 (clear) showed her wedding ring and her bones. He sent a report about his work to the Medical Society of his city. Soon after, newspapers all 44 the world wrote about his 45 (discover), for 46 Röntgen won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. X-rays are still a big part of our lives. Doctors and dentists use X-rays 47 (look) inside the body. 48 (use) X-rays, airlines look inside baggage and scientists study the stars. How did Röntgen choose the name “X-ray”? He called these rays “X” rays to show they were an unknown type of radiation (放射线). In mathematics, we usually use the letter “x” for quantities we don’t know. Many of Röntgen’s friends wanted him to call 49 (they) Röntgen rays, but he didn’t. The name “X-ray” stayed but Röntgen’s X-rays 50 (make) our world change. Passage 6 Now I have become a senior high school student and this means I have an opportunity to become a different person 51 can be better prepared for my future life. I think I will need to play more sports. I plan to run every day in order to have a 52 (power) body. I even look forward to 53 (run) an exciting half marathon. One thing I really want to change is the time I spend in the online world and it’s time to get out of it and make a 54 (different) in the real world. In fact, up until this year I might have been described as 55 Internet addict, 56 now I determine to do some more meaningful things through the Internet. A few weeks ago, when I was surfing the Internet, I 57 (attract) by a website of a charity(慈善) organization. It 58 (impress) me so much that I wished to be one of the responsible and warm-hearted 59 (volunteer) to help the children in need. 60 (actual), in the future, maybe I can start my own charity. Passage 7 In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe. No one knew how to prevent or treat it. John Snow, a British doctor, felt 61 (frustrate). But he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and 62 all. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread, and Snow subscribed to the second theory that cholera 63 (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water. It was correct, but abundant proof was still needed. He was 64 (determine) to find out why. Snow began by 65 (mark) on a map the exact places 66 all those who died had lived. Snow doubted if the water pump was 67 (blame). At last, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump 68 (remove). Through his intervene, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 69 (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks 70 the work of John Snow. Moreover, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered as father of modern epidemiology. ( 9 / 10 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册) 单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇+语法填空7篇) I完形填空 Passage 1 The news of Stephen Hawking’s death came as a great shock to the whole world. To his family, he was “a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy(遗赠) will 1 for many years”. His parents, both Oxford graduates, placed a high 2 on education and family members were often seen reading books at dinner. 3 known at school as “Einstein”, Hawking was not successful in study at f irst. With time, he began to show talents for scientif ic subjects and decided to read 4 at university. As mathematics was not available at Oxford then, Hawking chose physics instead. Diagnosed with a rare motor neuron disease(运动神经元病), Hawking eventually 5 a wheelchair. 6 shocked and bitter, Hawking continued his work in physics. After the loss of his 7 , he communicated through a speech-generating device, which 8 him to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an assistant. Hawking once 9 how he felt when f irst informed of his disease, 10 that he would never realize his potential. “But now, 50 years later, I 11 be more satisfied with my life,” he said. Hawking also gained popularity 12 the science world and appeared in several TV shows. He was featured in the f ilm The Theory of Everything, which recorded his rise to honour and relationship with his f irst wife, Jane. Professor James Hartle, who once worked with him, praised his unique ability to see through all the clutter (混乱) in physics and get to the 13 . “My memory of him would be first as a scientist and, second, as a human being whose story is a victory 14 misfortune, which inspired a lot of people.” Professor Jim Al-Khalili pictured Hawking as a humorous person. “He was a fun loving guy. Inside that disabled body was someone full of 15 for life,” he said. 1. A. live on B. hold on C. hang on D. catch on 2. A. judge B. request C. value D. standard 3. A. Unless B. When C. Although D. Because 4. A. physics B. mathematics C. science D. chemistry 5. A. brought in B. resulted in C. ended in D. put in 6. A. Though B. Otherwise C. Indeed D. Even 7. A. movement B. speech C. sense D. writing 8. A. allowed B. forced C. encouraged D. got 9. A. recalled B. fancied C. addressed D. commented 10. A. declaring B. assuming C. determined D. arguing 11. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t 12. A. within B. around C. towards D. outside 13. A. destination B. point C. meaning D. conclusion 14. A. with B. over C. about D. from 15. A. energy B. appreciation C. love D. blessing 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文简单介绍了著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金的一生，包括他在学术上的成就、与疾病的斗争以及他在公众视野中的形象。 1. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对他的家人来说，他是一位伟大的科学家，一个非凡的人，他的工作和遗产将流传多年。A. live on继续存在；B. hold on坚持；C. hang on坚持下去，不挂断；D. catch on理解。根据后文的“for many years”可知，霍金的工作和遗产会继续存在很多年。故选A项。 2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父母都是牛津大学毕业生，非常重视教育，家人在晚餐时经常看书。A. judge判断；B. request要求；C. value价值，重视；D. standard标准。根据后文的“and family members were often seen reading books at dinner”可知，霍金一家在晚餐时经常看书，说明霍金的父母非常重视教育。故选C项。 3. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然霍金在学校被称为“爱因斯坦”，但他一开始在学习上并不成功。A. Unless除非；B. When当……时；C. Although虽然；D. Because因为。根据后文的“Hawking was not successful in study at first”可知，霍金一开始学习并不成功，空处与后文是转折关系，应用although引导让步状语从句。故选C项。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，他开始显示出对科学科目的天赋，并决定在大学里学习数学。A. physics物理；B. mathematics数学；C. science科学；D. chemistry化学。根据后文的“As mathematics was not available at Oxford then, Hawking chose physics instead.”可知，霍金原本想学习数学，但因为牛津大学没有数学专业，所以选择了物理。故选B项。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：霍金被诊断出患有罕见的运动神经元疾病，最终只能坐轮椅。A. brought in引进；B. resulted in导致；C. ended in以......结束，最终处于......状态；D. put in提出，放入。根据前文“Diagnosed with a rare motor neuron disease”及后文“a wheelchair”可知，霍金因为患有罕见的运动神经元疾病，最终只能坐轮椅。故选C项。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管感到震惊和痛苦，霍金仍然继续他的物理研究。A. Though然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Indeed确实；D. Even甚至。根据前文“Diagnosed with a rare motor neuron disease”可知，霍金身患重病，但他没有放弃，仍然继续他的物理研究，空处与后文是转折关系，应用though引导让步状语从句，此处构成状语从句的省略结构。故选A项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在失去说话能力后，他通过语音发生器进行交流，这使他能够在助手的帮助下写出《时间简史》。A. movement运动；B. speech说话；C. sense感觉；D. writing写作。根据后文的“he communicated through a speech-generating device”可知，霍金通过语音发生器交流，说明他失去了说话能力。故选B项。 8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在失去说话能力后，他通过语音发生器进行交流，这使他能够在助手的帮助下写出《时间简史》。A. allowed使得；B. forced迫使；C. encouraged鼓励；D. got得到。根据后文的“to produce A Brief History of Time with the help of an assistant”可知，在失去说话能力后，他通过语音发生器进行交流，这使他能够在助手的帮助下写出《时间简史》。故选A项。 9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍金曾回忆起当他第一次得知自己患病时的感受，他以为自己永远无法实现自己的潜力。A. recalled回忆；B. fancied想象；C. addressed演讲；D. commented评论。根据后文的“how he felt when first informed of his disease”可知，霍金回忆起自己第一次得知患病时的感受。故选A项。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：霍金曾回忆起当他第一次得知自己患病时的感受，他以为自己永远无法实现自己的潜力。A. declaring宣布；B. assuming认为，假设；C. determined决定；D. arguing争论。根据后文的“that he would never realize his potential”可知，霍金以为自己永远无法实现自己的潜力，这是霍金当时的想法，是霍金自己认为的。故选B项。 11. 考查情态动词辨析。句意：“但现在，50年过去了，我对自己的生活非常满意，”他说。A. mustn’t禁止；B. shouldn’t不应该；C. can’t不能，无法(表示否定推测)；D. wouldn’t不会。根据前文“But now, 50 years later”及后文“be more satisfied with my life”可知，霍金觉得现在的生活很好，对自己很满意，can’t与more连用，表示“再......不过了”，符合语境。故选C项。 12. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：霍金在科学界之外也颇受欢迎，并出现在几档电视节目中。A. within在……之内；B. around在……周围；C. towards朝；D. outside在……外面。根据后文的“appeared in several TV shows”可知，霍金出现在电视节目中，电视节目不属于科学界，说明霍金在科学界之外也颇受欢迎。故选D项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：曾经与他一起工作过的詹姆斯·哈特尔教授赞扬了他独特的能力，能够看透物理学中的所有混乱，并抓住要点。A. destination目的地；B. point要点；C. meaning意思；D. conclusion结论。根据前文的“see through all the clutter in physics”可知，霍金能够看透物理学中的所有混乱，说明霍金能够抓住物理学中的要点。故选B项。 14. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我对他的记忆首先是作为一名科学家，其次是作为一个人，他的故事是战胜不幸的，这激励了很多人。A. with和；B. over超过；C. about关于；D. from来自。根据后文的“misfortune”可知，此处指霍金战胜了不幸，应用固定短语victory over，意为“战胜”。故选B项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是一个有趣的人。在这个残疾的身体里，充满了对生活的热爱。A. energy能量；B. appreciation欣赏；C. love爱；D. blessing祝福。根据前文“He was a fun loving guy”可知，霍金是一个有趣的人，再结合后文“for life”可知，霍金热爱生活。故选C项。 Passage 2 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good 16 . He makes full use of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore 17 to accept authority(权威) 18 the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas 19 and makes experiments to prove them. The 20 of modern science may perhaps be considered to 21 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 22 that we should learn science by observing and 23 on the things around us, and he himself 24 many important truths. Galileo (1564—1642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the most greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more 25 towards the earth than small ones, 26 Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 27 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s 28 of going direct to nature, and proving our opinions and theories by experiment, that has 29 all the discoveries of modern science. What makes those people good scientists? From the 30 of Galileo, we know clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have produced better results. 16. A. farmer B. observer C. worker D. student 17. A. refuses B. desires C. intends D. regrets 18. A. to B. as C. with D. for 19. A. casually B. quickly C. carefully D. privately 20. A. adventure B. challenge C. influence D. rise 21. A. date B. keep C. look D. come 22. A. command B. suspect C. suggest D. conclude 23. A. casting B. pouring C. experimenting D. digesting 24. A. brought B. announced C. handled D. discovered 25. A. slowly B. rapidly C. lightly D. heavily 26. A. although B. because C. when D. if 27. A. big B. small C. similar D. unequal 28. A. spirit B. skill C. theory D. wish 29. A. put forward B. turned to C. set up D. led to 30. A. vision B. finding C. shadow D. instance 【答案】 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述好的科学家应该具备的科学的观察和实验精神。 16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个成功的科学家通常是一个好的观察者。 A. farmer农民；B. observer观察者；C. worker工人；D. student学生。根据后句“He makes full use of the facts he observes”可知，一个好的科学家应该是一个好的观察者。故选B项。 17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不接受那些并不是基于显而易见的事实的想法，因此拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一原因。A. refuses拒绝；B. desires渴望；C. intends打算；D. regrets后悔。根据前句“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts”可知，好的科学家看重事实，因此会拒绝以权威为真理的唯一解释。故选A项。 18. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：他不接受那些并不是基于显而易见的事实的想法，因此拒绝接受权威作为真理的唯一原因。A. to到，向；B. as作为；C. with和；D. for为了。根据前句根据前句“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts”可知，好的科学家看重事实，因此会拒绝以权威为真理的唯一解释。此处考查介词as以为“作为”是的用法。故选B项。 19. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他总是仔细检查想法，并做实验来证明它们。 A. casually随意地；B. quickly快速地；C. carefully仔细地；D. privately私下地。根据上文“He doesn’t accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts, and therefore ___17___ to accept authority(权威) ___18___ the only reason for truth”可知，好的科学家以事实为依据，不盲从权威，可以推断出好的科学家一定会仔细检查验证自己的想法。故选C项。 20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许可以追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津杰出的哲学家，他生活在1214年至1292年之间。A. adventure冒险；B. challenge挑战；C. influence影响；D. rise出现，上升。根据后文“He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to ___22___ that we should learn science by observing and ___23___ on the things around us, and he himself ___24___ many important truths.”可知，培根是中世纪第一个提出实验科学概念的人，也可以称得上是现代科学的兴起代表。故选D项。 21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代科学的兴起也许可以追溯到罗杰·培根的时代。罗杰·培根是牛津杰出的哲学家，他生活在1214年至1292年之间。A. date确定年代；B. keep保持；C. look看；D. come来。根据上文“the Middle Ages”可知，此处考查动词短语date back(追溯到)。故选A项。 22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该通过观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. command命令；B. suspect怀疑；C. suggest建议；D. conclude总结。根据上文“we should learn science by observing”可知，培根是在黑暗的中世纪第一个建议应该用观察和实验法研究科学的第一人。故选C项。 23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该通过观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. casting投掷；B. pouring倾倒；C. experimenting实验；D. digesting消化。根据第一段“He always checks ideas ___19___ and makes experiments to prove them.”可知，培根建议应该通过观察和实验来研究科学。故选C项。 24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该通过观察和实验来学习科学的人，他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. brought带来；B. announced宣布；C. handled处理；D. discovered发现。根据前句“He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to ___22___that we should learn science by observing and ___23___on the things around us”可知，培根用了科学的方法来研究科学，自己也发现了很多真理。故选D项。 25. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体比小的物体落向地球的速度快，因为亚里士多德是这么说的。A. slowly慢地；B. rapidly快速地；C. lightly轻地；D. heavily重重地。根据本句“___26___ Aristotle said so”以及联系史实，可知亚里士多德曾经认为重的物体比轻地物体下降速度快。故选B项。 26. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：在伽利略之前，学者们相信大的物体比小的物体落向地球的速度快，因为亚里士多德是这么说的。A. although尽管；B. because因为；C. when当……时；D. if如果。根据上文“men believed that large bodies fell more ___25___ towards the earth than small ones”可知，大家都这么相信是因为这是亚里士多德说的。故选B项。 27. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，伽利略登上比萨斜塔的顶端，让两块大石头落地，证明了亚里士多德是错误的。A. big大的；B. small小的；C. similar相似的；D. unequal不同的。根据上文“large bodies fell more ___25___ towards the earth than small ones”可知，伽利略的比萨斜塔实验是把两个质量不同的石头同时从塔顶丢下。故选D项。 28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接走向自然，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的所有发现。A. spirit精神；B. skill技巧；C. theory理论；D. wish愿望。根据上文“But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two ___27___ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong”可知，此处意指伽利略的科学实验精神引领了现代科学发展的方向。故选A项。 29. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：正是伽利略那种直接走向自然，用实验来证明我们的观点和理论的精神，导致了现代科学的所有发现。A. put forward提出；B. turned to转向；C. set up建立；D. led to导致。根据上文“proving our opinions and theories by experiment”可知，伽利略的科学实验精神指导了科学家们进行不断的观察和实验，才有了现代科学的众多发现。故选D项。 30. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从伽利略的例子中，我们清楚地知道，成功的科学家正是那些通过观察产生较好的结果的科学家。A. vision幻想，想象；B. finding发现；C. shadow影子；D. instance例子。上文通过伽利略的例子，向我们表明了科学的观察和实验精神引领了现代科学的发展方向。故选D项。 Passage 3 The Scientific Contributions of Marie Curie Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist whose research in the field of radioactivity 31 the way for numerous scientific advancements. 32 facing significant challenges as a woman in a male-dominated field, Curie became the first person ever to win two Nobel Prizes in different scientific 33 - physics and chemistry. Curie’s interest in science began at a young age, but 34 the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time, she was unable to 35 higher education in her home country. Determined to follow her 36 , she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the prestigious(有声望的) Sorbonne University. There, she earned degrees 37 physics and mathematics and met her future husband and research partner, Pierre Curie. Together, the Curies conducted 38 research on radioactivity, a term that Mari e Curie herself 39 . In 1898, they discovered two new radioactive elements, polonium -named after Marie’s native Poland - and radium. Following Pierre’s untimely death in 1906, Marie continued her research, eventually 40 pure radium metal in 1910. For this achievement, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, making her the first person to win two Nobel Prizes. Her discoveries had significant practical applications, 41 in the field of medicine. In addition to her scientific contributions, Marie Curie was a trailblazer(先驱) for women in science. At a time when women were often 42 from academic and scientific institutions, Curie broke barriers and became the first female professor at the Sorbonne. Her perseverance, 43 , and passion for discovery continue to inspire generations of scientists, especially women in STEM fields. Despite the personal 44 she made - such as the health problems she suffered because of prolonged exposure to radiation - Marie Curie’s contributions to science and humanity remain 45 . 31. A. paved B. built C. created D. took 32. A. Whether B. Although C. When D. Unless 33. A. approaches. B. methods C. abilities D. disciplines 34. A. thanks to B. above all C. due to D. apart from 35. A. transform B. pursue C. inquire D. quit 36. A. passion B. liberation C. power D. advice 37. A. for B. on C. in D. of 38. A. breathtaking B. groundbreaking C. painstaking. D. underlying 39. A. copied B. discovered C. encountered D. coined 40. A. inventing B. delivering C. isolating D. launching 41. A. particularly B. essentially C. basically D. extremely 42. A. included B. excluded C. concluded D. secluded 43. A. dedication B. arrogance C. ignorance D. inflexibility 44. A. efforts B. effects C. attempts D. sacrifices 45. A. worthless B. unnoticed C. invaluable D. meaningless 【答案】 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. A 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了居里夫人对科学的热爱以及贡献。 31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：居里夫人是一位开创性的科学家，她在放射性领域的研究为许多科学进步铺平了道路。A. paved铺；B. built建造；C. created创造；D. took拿。根据上文“Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist whose research in the field of radioactivity”和常识可知居里夫人为科学进步铺平了道路，故选A。 32. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管作为一名女性在男性主导的领域面临着巨大的挑战，但居里夫人成为了有史以来第一个在不同科学领域(物理和化学)获得两项诺贝尔奖的人。A. Whether是否；B. Although尽管；C. When当……时候；D. Unless除非。根据下文“facing significant challenges as a woman in a male-dominated field, Curie became the first person ever to win two Nobel Prizes in different scientific 　　33　　 - physics and chemistry.”可知句子前后两部分为转折关系，所以用Although引导的让步状语从句，故选B。 33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. approaches方式；B. methods方法；C. abilities能力；D. disciplines学科，科目。根据下文“physics and chemistry”可知是不同的学科领域，故选D。 34. 考查固定短语辨析。句意：居里夫人从小就对科学产生了兴趣，但是由于当时波兰对妇女的限制，她无法在自己的祖国接受高等教育。A. thanks to多亏，由于；B. above all最重要的是；C. due to由于；D. apart from除了……之外。根据下文“the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time, she was unable to 　　5　　 higher education in her home country.”可知是由于对妇女的限制，所以无法接受高等教育，thanks to侧重于感谢，due to侧重于一般原因，故选C。 35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. transform使改观；B. pursue追求；C. inquire询问；D. quit放弃。根据上文“the restrictions placed on women in Poland at the time”可知是无法追求高等教育，故选B。 36. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她决心追随自己的热情，于1891年搬到巴黎，在著名的索邦大学学习。A. passion热情；B. liberation解放；C. power力量；D. advice建议。根据上文“Curie’s interest in science began at a young age”和下文“she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the prestigious (有声望的) Sorbonne University”可知为了科学她搬到了巴黎，说明是追随自己的热情，故选A。 37. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她获得了物理和数学学位，并认识了她未来的丈夫和研究伙伴皮埃尔·居里。A. for为了；B. on对，向；C. in在……方面；D. of关于。根据下文“physics and mathematics”可知在这两个学科方面获得了学位，故选C。 38. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：居里夫妇一起对放射性进行了开创性的研究，这个术语是居里夫人自己创造的。A. breathtaking惊人的；B. groundbreaking开创性的；C. painstaking劳苦的；D. underlying潜在的。根据文章第一句“Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist whose research in the field of radioactivity”可知居里夫妇进对放射性进行了开创性的研究，故选B。 39. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. copied复制；B. discovered发现；C. encountered偶遇；D. coined创造。根据上文“Together, the Curies conducted 　　38　　 research on radioactivity”可知是对放射性进行了开创性的研究，所以这个术语是她自己创造的，故选D。 40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1906年皮埃尔不幸去世后，玛丽继续她的研究，最终在1910年分离出纯镭金属。 A. inventing发明；B. delivering递送；C. isolating 使(某物质、细胞等)分离；D. launching发射。根据下文“pure radium metal in 1910”和常识可知是分离出纯镭金属，故选C。 41. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的发现有重要的实际应用，特别是在医学领域。A. particularly特别是；B. essentially本质上；C. basically基本上；D. extremely极端地。根据上文“Her discoveries had significant practical applications”和下文“in the field of medicine”可知纯镭金属尤其对医学领域很重要，故选A。 42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在女性经常被排除在学术和科学机构之外的时代，居里夫人打破了障碍，成为索邦大学的第一位女教授。A. included包含；B. excluded不包括；C. concluded推断出；D. secluded使隔开。根据上文“facing significant challenges as a woman in a male-dominated field”可知那个时代女性经常被排除在学术和科学机构之外，故选B。 43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的毅力、奉献精神和对发现的热情继续激励着一代又一代的科学家，尤其是STEM领域的女性。A. dedication奉献；B. arrogance自大；C. ignorance无知；D. inflexibility顽固。空处和“perseverance，passion”并列，可知应是奉献，故选A。 44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管居里夫人做出了个人牺牲——比如由于长期暴露在辐射中而遭受的健康问题——但她对科学和人类的贡献仍然是无价的。A. efforts努力；B. effects影响；C. attempts尝试；D. sacrifices牺牲。根据下文“such as the health problems she suffered because of prolonged exposure to radiation”可知这里说的是居里夫人做出的牺牲，故选D。 45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. worthless无价值的；B. unnoticed未被注意到的；C. invaluable无价的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据下文“Marie Curie’s contributions to science and humanity remain”以及前后的转折关系，可知居里夫人对科学和人类的贡献仍然是无价的，故选C。 Passage 4 Sarkar is a nanotechnologist(纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 46 the minds of millions of people worldwide. Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 47 . Her courage as a researcher comes from her 48 , who as a young woman went against social norms(常态) in her village by 49 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father inspired her interest in 50 . Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 51 , fashioning devices to make home life more 52 , including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 53 in science and technology,” Sarkar says. After 54 a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar 55 California to study nanoelectronics. There, she tested new ways to 56 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 57 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 58 , she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice. Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the 59 , which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons(神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains, “Our brains are 60 , but we could be better than what we are,” she says. 46. A. enrich B. read C. affect D. poison 47. A. birds B. researchers C. failures D. inspirations 48. A. aunt B. mother C. sister D. grandmother 49. A. working B. pretending C. refusing D. waiting 50. A. politics B. history C. engineering D. sport 51. A. job B. holiday C. discomfort D. passion 52. A. complex B. convenient C. peaceful D. meaningful 53. A. interested B. honest C. lucky D. disappointed 54. A. starting B. earning C. needing D. introducing 55. A. adapted to B. related to C. headed to D. belonged to 56. A. create B. fix C. operate D. sell 57. A. water B. money C. power D. time 58. A. Unfortunately B. Immediately C. Obviously D. Eventually 59. A. computer B. brain C. exercise D. fashion 60. A. empty B. busy C. relaxed D. remarkable 【答案】 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. C 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B 60. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历以及所取得的成就。 46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她正在研究影响全世界数百万人思想的脑部疾病。A. enrich使……丰富；B. read读；C. affect影响；D. poison毒害。根据“She is conducting her research on brain diseases”及“the minds of millions of people worldwide”可知，这种疾病正在影响数百万人的大脑。故选C项。 47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔出生于印度加尔各答，她认为父母是她早年的灵感来源。A. birds鸟；B. researchers研究者；C. failures失败；D. inspirations启发。根据“Sarkar credits both of her parents as early”及下文“Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father inspired her interest”可知，萨卡尔认为父母是她早期的灵感来源，给了她启发。故选D项。 48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自于她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，努力工作为自己的教育提供资金。A. aunt阿姨；B. mother母亲；C. sister姐妹；D. grandmother奶奶。根据“who as a young woman went against social norms(常态) in her village by____49____to fund her own education”可知，这一句描述萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时做的事情。故选B项。 49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自于她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，努力为自己的教育提供资金。A. working工作；B. pretending假装；C. refusing拒绝；D. waiting等待。根据“to fund her own education”可知，萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时违背社会规范，努力工作为自己的教育提供资金。故选A项。 50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，萨卡尔的父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣。A. politics政治；B. history历史；C. engineering工程；D. sport运动。根据下文“including an electricity-free washing machine.”及“After____54____a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”可知，父亲让萨卡尔喜欢上了工程学。故选C项。 51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲腾出时间来实现自己的爱好，制作各种设备，让家庭生活更方便，其中包括一台免电洗衣机。A. job工作；B. holiday假日；C. discomfort不舒适；D. passion热情，爱好。根据“fashioning devices to make home life more____52____, including an electricity-free washing machine.”可知，父亲会腾出时间来研究自己的爱好。故选D项。 52. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲腾出时间来实现自己的爱好，制作各种设备，让家庭生活更方便，其中包括一台免电洗衣机。A. complex复杂的；B. convenient方便的；C. peaceful和平的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据“fashioning devices to make home life more”可知，父亲制作设备是为了让家庭生活更方便。故选B项。 53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这让我对科学技术产生了浓厚的兴趣。”Sarkar说。A. interested感兴趣的；B. honest诚实的；C. lucky幸运的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“Sarkar’s father inspired her interest in____50____.”可知，父亲影响了萨卡尔在科技上的兴趣。故选A项。 54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔从印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，前往加州学习纳米电子学。A. starting开始；B. earning赚，获得；C. needing需要；D. introducing介绍。根据“Sarkar____55____California to study nanoelectronics.”可知，萨卡尔在印度获得了学位后，继续去美国学习电子学。故选B项。 55. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：萨卡尔从印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，前往加州学习纳米电子学。A. adapted to适应；B. related to与……相关；C. headed to前往；D. belonged to属于。根据“After____54____a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”及“California to study nanoelectronics”可知，此处表示前往美国学习深造。故选C项。 56. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她测试了制造纳米器件的新方法，这些纳米器件可以减少计算机和其它日常电子产品的耗电量。A. create创造，制造；B. fix修理，固定；C. operate操作；D. sell售卖。根据“she tested new ways”可知，萨卡尔测试了制造纳米器件的新方法。故选A项。 57. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她测试了制造纳米器件的新方法，这些纳米器件可以减少计算机和其它日常电子产品的耗电量。A. water水；B. money钱；C. power电能；D. time时间。根据“consumed by computers and other everyday electronics.”可知，计算机和其它日常电子产品需要电力来驱动。故选C项。 58. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，她通过开发一种出色的纳米器件取得了突破。A. Unfortunately不幸地是；B. Immediately立即；C. Obviously显然；D. Eventually最终。根据“she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.”可知，最终，她获得了突破。故选D项。 59. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此过程中，萨卡尔开始对大脑着迷，她称之为“最低能量的计算机”。A. computer电脑；B. brain大脑；C. exercise锻炼；D. fashion时尚。根据“which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons(神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains”可知，此处“最低能量的计算机”指的是人脑。故选B项。 60. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们的大脑是非凡的，但我们可以做得更好。”她说。A. empty空的；B. busy忙碌的；C. relaxed放松的；D. remarkable非凡的。根据“but we could be better than what we are”并结合常识可知，人脑的潜力无限大，所以是非凡的。故选D项。 Passage 5 She wasn't aiming to make history, But in the late 1990s, when Sumita Mitra, a chemist at 3M, 61 to use nanotechnology(纳米技术) to improve dental(牙齿的) fillings, that's exactly what happened. Now . 62 in dental offices-and almost every mouth, her fillings are certainly one of the life. Any invention starts with a 63 and so did Mitra's fillings. Before the mid-1990s, fillings came in changing inventions two different 64 . One wasn't strong enough for stress-bearing roots of the teeth like biting surfaces, and the other was strong but could become rough from 65 and chewing. Dentists often had to use two types of materials for every filling, which created problems. In the 1990s, nanotechnology became a growing field for scientific advances. Mitra thought that 66 nanoparticles(纳米粒子) could be used to make a filling, the result would both look nice and be able to 67 wear and tear(磨损). Mitra didn't have much 68 with nanotechnology, but scientists a 3M's research labs were 69 with it for other uses. She joined them and 70 some very unique combinations of nanoparticles. Realizing that nanoparticles could 71 all the requirements was one significant moment, but the ability to combine nanoparticles was the big breakthrough. Nanoparticles are all the same size, and Mitra realized that she could 72 them like a bunch of grapes. The work was groundbreaking and 73 the creation of a famous product-the 3M Filtek Supreme Universal Restorative. The product was the first successful 74 of nanotechnology in dental material and the first commercial application of nanotechnology at 3 M. Though the invention isn't 75 used in other fields, it has really taken dentistry by storm. Patient and dentists are pleased with it. 61. A. demanded B. refused C. longed D. began 62. A. studied B. collected C. found D. started 63. A. problem B. discussion C. story D. dream 64. A. aims B. levels C. systems D. materials 65. A. brushing B. touching C. hiding D. changing 66. A. although B. because C. until D. if 67. A. save B. resist C. cause D. reduce 68. A. patience B. experience C. luck D. power 69. A. going B. living C. missing D. working 70. A. developed B. controlled C. approved D. spread 71. A. state B. test C. achieve D. analyse 72. A. treat B. cover C. move D. combine 73. A. dealt with B. led to C. looked into D. came across 74. A. use B. end C. theory D. record 75. A. partly B. suddenly C. strangely D. broadly 【答案】 61. D 62. C 63. A 64. D 65. A 66. D 67. B 68. B 69. D 70. A 71. C 72. D 73. B 74. A 75. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了3M公司的化学家Sumita Mitra在20世纪90年代末利用纳米技术改进牙科填充物的历史事件，以及这一发明如何革新了牙科材料，并成功应用于商业。 61. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在20世纪90年代末，当3M公司的化学家Sumita Mitra开始使用纳米技术改善牙齿填充物时，她并没有打算创造历史，但事实确实如此。A. demanded要求；B. refused拒绝；C. longed渴望；D. began开始。根据下文“use nanotechnology(纳米技术)to improve dental(牙齿的)fillings”，可知Mitra开始使用纳米技术来改善牙齿填充物，故选D。 62. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，她的填充物几乎可以在每个牙医办公室和每个人的口中找到，无疑是生活中的一个重要部分。A. studied研究；B. collected收集；C. found发现；D. started开始。根据下文“in dental offices-and almost every mouth, her fillings are certainly one of the life”，可知，Mitra发现填充物现在广泛存在于牙医办公室和人们的口中，故选C。 63. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何发明都始于一个问题，Mitra的填充物也是如此。A. problem问题；B. discussion讨论；C. story故事；D. dream梦想。根据上文“Any invention starts with a”可知，发明通常是为了解决某个问题，故选A。 64. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在20世纪90年代中期之前，填充物有两种不同的材料。A. aims目标；B. levels水平；C. systems系统；D. materials材料。根据下文“One wasn't strong enough for stress-bearing roots of the teeth like biting surfaces, and the other was strong but could become rough from”可知，下文讨论的是填充物的材料，故选D。 65. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一种虽然坚固，但由于刷牙和咀嚼可能会变得粗糙。A. brushing刷牙；B. touching触摸；C. hiding隐藏；D. changing改变。根据上文“the other was strong but could become rough from”可知，讨论的是牙齿填充物在日常使用中的磨损，故选A。 66. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：Mitra认为，如果使用纳米粒子制作填充物，结果将既美观又能抵抗磨损。A. although尽管；B. because因为；C. until直到；D. if如果。根据下文“nanoparticles(纳米粒子) could be used to make a filling, the result would both look nice and be able to”可知，这里表达的是一个条件假设，故选D。 67. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同第6题。A. save节省；B. resist抵抗；C. cause导致；D. reduce减少。根据下文“wear and tear”可知，下文讨论的是填充物需要能够抵抗磨损，故选B。 68. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mitra在纳米技术方面没有太多经验，但3M研究实验室的科学家们正在其他用途上使用它。A. patience耐心；B. experience经验；C. luck运气；D. power力量。根据下文“with nanotechnology”，可知下文提到了纳米技术，Mitra在纳米技术方面缺乏的是经验，故选B。 69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同第8题。A. going去；B. living生活；C. missing错过；D. working工作。根据下文“for other uses”可知，3M的科学家们在纳米技术方面正在开展工作，故选D。 70. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她加入了他们，并开发了一些非常独特的纳米粒子组合。A. developed开发；B. controlled控制；C. approved批准；D. spread传播。根据下文“some very unique combinations of nanoparticles”可知，Mitra与科学家们一起工作，开发了新的纳米粒子组合，故选A。 71. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到纳米粒子可以实现所有要求是一个重要的时刻，但结合纳米粒子的能力才是重大突破。A. state陈述；B. test测试；C. achieve实现；D. analyse分析。根据下文“all the requirements”可知，纳米粒子能够满足所有的要求，故选C。 72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：纳米粒子都是相同的大小，Mitra意识到她可以将它们像一束葡萄一样组合起来。A. treat对待；B. cover覆盖；C. move移动；D. combine结合。根据下文“like a bunch of grapes”可知，Mitra能够将纳米粒子组合起来，故选D。 73. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项工作具有开创性，并导致了著名产品3M 光固化复合树脂的创造。A. dealt with处理；B. led to导致；C. looked into调查；D. came across偶然遇到。根据下文“the creation of a famous product-the 3M Filtek Supreme Universal Restorative”可知，这项开创性的工作导致了新产品的创造，故选B。 74. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该产品是纳米技术在牙科材料中的首次成功应用，也是3M公司纳米技术的首次商业应用。A. use使用；B. end结束；C. theory理论；D. record记录。根据下文“nanotechnology in dental material and the first commercial application of nanotechnology at 3 M”可知，讨论的是纳米技术在牙科材料中的应用，故选A。 75. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然这项发明在其他领域并未广泛应用，但它确实在牙科领域引起了轰动。A. partly部分地；B. suddenly突然地；C. strangely奇怪地；D. broadly广泛地。根据下文“in other fields”，虽然这项发明在其他领域并未广泛应用，但在牙科领域影响深远，故选D。 Passage 6 Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France, into a poor family. The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific 76 regarding the principles of vaccination(疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization(巴氏灭菌法) . The family was on a very tight 77 . However, his parents 78 education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford. Pasteur had a 79 for painting and drawing. When he realized that art was 80 to earn a living, he changed to 81 He was not a (n) 82 student, but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it. It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his 83 school. Later, he owed his success to his 84 . He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower in 85 some of the most difficult scientific problems. Pasteur’s 86 research was completely self-funded. His wife, Marie, 87 supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab. As he became famous gradually, he was able to 88 research positions at more great institutions. Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to 89 and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies. He was highly respected and won just about every award 90 in his field. As a consequence, Pasteur greatly advanced the science of his day. 76. A. predictions B. discoveries C. methods D. performances 77. A. turn B. schedule C. relationship D. budget 78. A. valued B. overestimated C. sharpened D. assigned 79. A. demand B. temptation C. passion D. inspiration 80. A. unavoidable B. unlikely C. unexpected D. uneventful 81. A. geography B. arithmetic C. politics D. chemistry 82. A. considerate B. intelligent C. lifelong D. intimate 83. A. desired B. approved C. engaged D. varied 84. A. fame B. routine C. perseverance D. blessing 85. A. fundraising B. tackling C. motivating D. occupying 86. A. overnight B. joint C. monthly D. early 87. A. actively B. objectively C. humbly D. nobly 88. A. turn down B. cope with C. work out D. take up 89. A. dedicate B. treat C. find D. commit 90. A. available B. memorable C. favorable D. knowledgeable 【答案】 76. B 77. D 78. A 79. C 80. B 81. D 82. B 83. A 84. C 85. B 86. D 87. A 88. D 89. C 90. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了Louis Pasteur的生平、成就和贡献，包括他在化学和微生物学领域的卓越发现、对疫苗接种和巴氏灭菌法的贡献，以及他建立巴斯德研究所的初衷和目的。 76. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位法国化学家和微生物学家在疫苗接种、微生物发酵和巴氏灭菌法方面取得了卓越的科学发现。A. predictions预测；B. discoveries发现；C. methods方法；D. performances表演。根据下文“regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法) .”可知，这些都是科学发现。故选B。 77. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个家庭的预算很紧。A. turn轮流；B. schedule时间表；C. relationship关系；D. budget预算。根据空后的“however”以及下文的“his parents ____78____ education and found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断，Pasteur家的经济条件并不好，也就是说预算很紧张。故选D。 78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，他的父母重视教育，并资助他去他们负担得起的最好的学校。A. valued珍视；B. overestimated过高估计；C. sharpened使尖锐；D. assigned分配。根据空后的“found support to send him to the best schools they could afford.”可推断，他的父母很重视教育，所以送他去好的学校。故选A。 79. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pasteur酷爱绘画。A. demand要求；B. temptation诱惑；C. passion热情；D. inspiration灵感。根据下文“When he realized that art was ____80____ to earn a living, he changed to ____81____”可知，Pasteur对艺术有着热情。故选C。 80. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到艺术不可能谋生时，他转向了化学。A. unavoidable无法避免的；B. unlikely不可能；C. unexpected意外的；D. uneventful太平无事的。根据上文可知，他家经济条件并不好，而根据常识可知，艺术并不太可能谋生。故选B。 81. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他意识到艺术不可能谋生时，他转向了化学。A. geography地理；B. arithmetic算术；C. politics政治；D. chemistry化学。根据上文“The French chemist and microbiologist made remarkable scientific ____76____ regarding the principles of vaccination (疫苗接种), microbial fermentation, and pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法) .”可知，他后来成为了一个化学家，所以此时他是从艺术转向化学。故选D。 82. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不是一个聪明的学生，但他一旦专心学习就非常努力。A. considerate体贴的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. lifelong终身的；D. intimate亲密的。根据下文“but he worked very hard once he put his mind to it”以及“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his ____83____ school.”可知，他并不是一个很聪明的学生。故选B。 83. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试了三次才通过考试，进入了他心仪的学校。A. desired渴望的；B. approved同意；C. engaged雇佣、参加；D. varied改变、变化。根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam”以及常理可知，他是最终进入了自己想要进入的学校。故选A。 84. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他把自己的成功归功于坚持不懈。A. fame名声、名望；B. routine例行公事；C. perseverance毅力；D. blessing祝福。根据上文“It took him three tries to pass the exam to get into his ____83____ school.”以及下文“He impressed senior scientists with his hard work and willpower”可推测，他认为自己的成功源自于自己的毅力。故选C。 85. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在解决一些最困难的科学问题上的努力和毅力给资深科学家留下了深刻的印象。A. fundraising筹款；B. tackling处理；C. motivating激励；D. occupying占据。根据空后的“some of the most difficult scientific problems.”可推测，空处指的是“解决、处理”。故选B。 86. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Pasteur早期的研究完全是自费的。A. overnight整晚的；B. joint联合的；C. monthly每月的；D. early早的。根据下文的“His wife, Marie, ____87____ supported his work and acted as his assistant in the lab.”以及“Eventually, he was able to establish the Pasteur Institute to ____89____ and prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.”可知，这两段内容描述了Pasteur的研究进展，所以，空处指的是最初的情况。故选D。 87. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子Marie积极支持他的工作，并在实验室担任他的助手。A. actively积极地；B. objectively客观地；C. humbly谦卑地；D. nobly崇高地。根据下文“acted as his assistant in the lab”可推测，他的妻子积极支持其工作。故选A。 88. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：随着他逐渐成名，他能够在更多的大机构担任研究职位。A. turn down拒绝；B. cope with处理；C. work out解决；D. take up从事。根据空前的“As he became famous gradually”以及空后的“research positions at more great institutions”可推测，随着他越来越出名，他可以在大机构担任研究职位。故选D。 89. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，他建立了巴斯德研究所，以寻找和预防疾病的原因，特别是狂犬病。A. dedicate致力于；B. treat对待；C. find找到；D. commit犯罪、承诺。根据空后的“prevent the causes of disease, particularly rabies.”可推测，空处指的是“找到”疾病的起因。故选C。 90. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常受人尊敬，赢得了他所在领域的几乎所有奖项。A. available可得到的、可使用的；B. memorable难忘的；C. favorable有利的；D. knowledgeable博学的。根据上文的“He was highly respected and won just about every award”可推测，他是赢得了所在领域能有的所有奖项。故选A。 Passage 7 As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation. Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 91 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the “mother of wheat”, is a 92 at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city. The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 93 experiments. “The first 94 is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose. Then we try a hybrid combination,” Zhang explained. “After several generations of 95 and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 96 a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.” And after several more rounds of tests, a(n) 97 for evaluation and approval can be made for market production. “Generally speaking, a good new 98 should produce high yields, have stable production, and 99 good resistance to bad conditions,” she added. “ 100 , it also should be accepted by the market.”Zhang added that the team 101 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with 102 experiments on the growth of the new seedlings and making records and analyses. “Agricultural research work is 103 and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 104 . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 105 on the land,” she said. 91. A. advertising B. developing C. discussing D. observing 92. A. journalist B. teacher C. researcher D. manager 93. A. precise B. efficient C. simple D. expensive 94. A. way B. attempt C. step D. question 95. A. encouragement B. support C. management D. experiment 96. A. begin B. continue C. follow D. repeat 97. A. practice B. application C. declaration D. invitation 98. A. environment B. machine C. farmland D. variety 99. A. produce B. improve C. show D. develop 100. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 101. A. watered B. bought C. protected D. planted 102. A. reporting B. designing C. conducting D. studying 103. A. normal B. tough C. varied D. specific 104. A. end up B. run out C. break up D. pay off 105. A. answers B. comfort C. dreams D. courage 【答案】 91. B 92. C 93. A 94. C 95. D 96. A 97. B 98. D 99. C 100. A 101. D 102. C 103. B 104. D 105. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。 91. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：张道荣在过去的26年里开发了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献。A. advertising做广告；B. developing开发；C. discussing讨论；D. observing观察。根据“13 new varieties of wheat”可知，是研发小麦。故选B。 92. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：50岁的她是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员，被称为“小麦之母”。A. journalist记者；B. teacher老师；C. researcher研究者；D. manager经理。根据上文“who has spent the last 26 years ____91____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security”推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选C。 93. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. precise精确的；B. efficient高效的；C. simple简单的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应“strict standards”此处指精确的实验。故选A。 94. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一步是为特定的培养目的找到合适的亲本类型。A. way方法；B. attempt尝试；C. step步骤；D. question问题。根据“to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的亲本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选C。 95. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“经过几代的实验和选择，当特征保持稳定时，我们开始为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。”A. encouragement鼓励；B. support支持；C. management管理；D. experiment实验。根据“selection”和常识可知，培育新品种需要经过(植物)几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选D。 96. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. begin开始；B. continue继续；C. follow跟着；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和“a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification.”可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选A。 97. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经多轮试验后，申请审评批准，方可投入市场生产。A. practice练习；B. application应用，申请；C. declaration宣布；D. invitation邀请。根据“And after several more rounds of tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选B。 98. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她补充说:“一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，对恶劣条件有良好的抵抗力。”A. environment环境；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。根据上文“Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years ____91____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选D。 99. 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. produce生产；B. improve提高，改善；C. show展示；D. develop发展。根据“good resistance to bad conditions”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选C。 100. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“此外，它也应该被市场所接受。”A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合后文“it also should be accepted by the market”和语境可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故选A。 101. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万到8万棵幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. bought购买；C. protected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选D。 102. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们一年到头都在忙着对新苗的生长进行实验，做记录和分析。A. reporting报道；B. designing设计；C. conducting进行，实施；D. studying学习，研究。根据“experiments on the growth of the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选C。 103. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. normal正常的；B. tough艰难的；C. varied各种各样的，形形色色的；D. specific具体的。根据“complicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选B。 104. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时候你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. run out用完；C. break up破裂；D. pay off回报。根据上文“Agricultural research work is ____103____ and complicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选D。 105. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们所能做的就是多思考，多讨论，在土地上找到答案。A. answers回答；B. comfort安慰；C. dreams梦想；D. courage勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合“think more, discuss more”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选A。 Passage 8 The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, 106 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin(硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 107 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 108 explosive. After years of 109 , in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite(炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 110 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 111 published Alfred’s obituary(讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 112 to find out his public image. The newspaper strongly 113 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 114 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) 115 . He spent his lifetime alone 116 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 117 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 118 , saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 119 to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 120 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. 106. A. remembering B. honouring C. crediting D. preparing 107. A. nature B. conduct C. flavour D. benefit 108. A. deadly B. bitter C. usable D. mild 109. A. innovations B. efforts C. hesitation D. association 110. A. brought up B. put up C. broke up D. built up 111. A. mistakenly B. purposefully C. unintentionally D. scientifically 112. A. satisfied B. relieved C. impressed D. disappointed 113. A. praised B. blamed C. appreciated D. favoured 114. A. greedy B. essential C. rich D. sufficient 115. A. error B. warning C. threat D. consequence 116. A. destroying B. inventing C. combining D. stimulating 117. A. improve B. establish C. illustrate D. secure 118. A. request B. illustration C. will D. fortune 119. A. choices B. decisions C. profits D. contributions 120. A. gave away B. gave back C. gave off D. gave out 【答案】 106. B 107. A 108. C 109. B 110. D 111. A 112. D 113. B 114. C 115. B 116. B 117. A 118. C 119. D 120. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。 106. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. preparing准备。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last ___118___, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___119___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用于表彰这些杰出的人们。故选B。 107. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。 108. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in 1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。 109. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a ___108___ explosive.”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。 110. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。 111. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。 112. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly ___113___ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became ___114___ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。 113. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。 114. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___110___ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。 115. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警示。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone ___116___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警示，说明他的公众形象并不好。故选B。 116. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。 117. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alone ___116___ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。 118. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___119___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。 119. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decisions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible ___106___ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。 120. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great ___119___ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。 Ⅱ语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 Deng Jiaxian was born in Huaining, Anhui Province on June 25, 1924. He entered the Southwest Associated University in 1941. In 1948, Deng 1 (admit) to the Graduate School of Purdue University in the USA, 2 he received a doctorate in physics two years later. Nine days after he got his doctoral degree, he stepped onto the ship back to China and became 3 researcher of Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He started nuclear theoretical research in 4 (cooperate) with Yu Min. In October 1958, together with many other scientists, Deng 5 (take) up the research work of atomic bombs. Deng led the team of 28 members at an average age of 23 to march toward the 6 (mystery) atomic kingdom. 7 (follow) the successful test of the atomic bomb, Deng led his team to join the research group 8 (lead) by Yu Min in1965 and immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb. In an experiment in 1979, a bomb fell directly down to the ground because of a crack in the parachute. He rushed to the spot and examined it 9 (careful). Unfortunately, this led to radiation sickness. He continued to work 10 spite of illness until 1985. On his sickbed, he said, “I knew this day will come, but hadn’t expected it so soon.” After Deng passed away, his friend Chen-Ning Yang wrote an article in mourning. 【答案】 1. was admitted 2. where 3. a 4. cooperation 5. took 6. mysterious 7. Following 8. led 9. carefully 10. in 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了我国著名核物理学家邓稼先的事迹。 1. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：1948年，邓稼先被美国普渡大学研究生院录取，两年后获得物理学博士学位。根据后文in 1948可知应用一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Deng，助动词用was。故填was admitted。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Graduate School of Purdue University in the USA，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 3. 考查冠词。句意：获得博士学位九天后，他乘船回到中国，成为中国科学院近代物理研究所的一名研究员。researcher为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且researcher是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 4. 考查名词。句意：他开始与于敏合作进行核理论研究。结合句意表示“与……合作”短语为in cooperation with，名词作宾语。故填cooperation。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：1958年10月，邓稼先与其他许多科学家一起，开始了原子弹的研究工作。根据后文in October 1958可知应用一般过去时。故填took。 6. 考查形容词。句意：邓稼先率领平均年龄只有23岁的28人团队，向神秘的原子王国挺进。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词kingdom。故填mysterious。 7. 考查介词。句意：在原子弹试爆成功后，邓稼先于1965年率领团队加入了于敏领导的研究小组，并立即开始了氢弹的设计。句中应使用介词following与后文的名词构成介词短语，意为“紧接着，在(某事)以后”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Following。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。前文中led为谓语动词，此处lead为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语group构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填led。 9. 考查副词。句意：他冲到现场仔细查看。修饰动词examined应用副词carefully，作状语。故填carefully。 10. 考查介词。句意：尽管生病，他仍继续工作，直到1985年。结合句意表示“尽管”短语为in spite of。故填in。 Passage 2 Through Snow’s 11 (tire) efforts, water companies began to sell clean water and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, there are millions of people around the world 12 (infect) with cholera and many die 13 it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. For this reason, Snow 14 (recognize) the father of modern epidemiology. Qian read a lot and was 15 (extreme) knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, 16 might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his deep appreciation for art, 17 (inspire) him a lot in his scientific research. In Quanzhou, Fujian, there is a small fishing village where houses are not built with bricks and tiles 18 with oyster shells. Many tourists come to experience a thousand-year-old folk custom called “Zanhua” (Adorning Flowers). The process of Quanzhou head-pinned flowers is complicated, including cutting, laying, coloring and so on. The main materials for making hair-wearing flowers are metal wire, jewelry stone, colored pearls, etc. These materials are cleverly combined 19 (form) a variety of flower patterns, each of 20 conveys people’s expectations for a better life and good luck. 【答案】 11. tireless 12. infected 13. from 14. is recognized 15. extremely 16. what 17. inspiring 18. but 19. to form 20. which 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代流行病学之父斯诺和科学家钱学森及福建泉州的小渔村。 11. 考查形容词。句意：通过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售干净的水，世界各地的霍乱威胁大幅减少。修饰名词efforts，表示“不懈的”应用形容词tireless。故填tireless。 12. 考查非谓语动词。句意：每年，全世界有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人死于霍乱。此处infect与people构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填infected。 13. 考查介词。句意：每年，全世界有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人死于霍乱。短语die from表示“死于”。故填from。 14. 考查时态语态。句意：因此，斯诺被公认为现代流行病学之父。主语Snow与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is recognized。 15. 考查副词。句意：钱博览群书，知识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究领域。修饰形容词knowledgeable用副词extremely，故填extremely。 16. 考查主语从句。句意：然而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对艺术的深刻欣赏，这在他的科学研究中给了他很多启发。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物用what。故填what。 17. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对艺术的深刻欣赏，这在他的科学研究中给了他很多启发。此处inspire与deep appreciation for art构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填inspiring。 18. 考查固定句型。句意：在福建泉州，有一个小渔村，那里的房子不是用砖瓦盖的，而是用牡蛎壳盖的。表示“不是……而是……”句型为not…but…。故填but。 19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些材料巧妙地组合在一起，以形成各种各样的花卉图案，每一种图案都传达着人们对美好生活和好运的期望。此处form在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填to form。 20. 考查定语从句。句意：这些材料巧妙地组合在一起，以形成各种各样的花卉图案，每一种图案都传达着人们对美好生活和好运的期望。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词patterns，作介词的宾语，指物。故填which。 Passage 3 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, 21 research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Tu Youyou, a 22 (commit) and patient scientist, graduated from Peking University Medical School at the age of 25. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists 23 the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 24 (choose). In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find 25 (tradition) botanical treatments for the disease. One medical text from 26 fourth century suggested using the extract from tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. 27 (analyse) the medical texts again made Tu Youyou find a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 28 (apparent) destroyed its medical 29 (property). Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. This medicine, which 30 (call) artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 【答案】 21. whose 22. committed 23. with 24. chosen 25. traditional 26. the 27. Analyzing/Analysing 28. apparently 29. properties 30. was called 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者屠呦呦的生平事迹以及她如何发现青蒿素的过程。 21. 考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦，她的研究导致了青蒿素的发现，青蒿素是一种治疗疟疾的重要新疗法。“ research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，修饰名词research，意为“屠呦呦的研究”，用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 22. 考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦是一位专注且有耐心的科学家，25岁时毕业于北京大学医学院。提示词修饰名词scientist，用形容词committed作定语，表示“专注的，尽心尽力的”。故填committed。 23. 考查介词。句意：1967年，中国政府组建了一个科学家团队，目的是发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法，屠呦呦是首批被选中的研究人员之一。根据句意，表示“目的是……”，用介词短语with the objective of。故填with。 24. 考查非谓语动词。句意：1967年，中国政府组建了一个科学家团队，目的是发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法，屠呦呦是首批被选中的研究人员之一。choose(选择，挑选)作后置定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语researchers构成被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填chosen。 25. 考查形容词。句意：1969年，她成为北京该项目的负责人，并决定查阅中国古代医学文献，寻找治疗该疾病的传统植物疗法。提示词修饰名词词组botanical treatments，用形容词traditional作定语，意为“传统的”。故填traditional。 26. 考查冠词。句意：一本四世纪的医学文献建议使用经过试验的一堆干艾草叶的提取物，但没有发现效果。“the+序数词”是固定搭配，表示“第几……”。故填the。 27. 考查非谓语动词。句意：再次分析医学文献使屠呦呦找到了治疗艾草的不同方法。“(analyse) the medical texts again”作主语，用动名词analyzing或者analysing作主语；句首单词首字母大写。故填Analyzing/Analysing。 28. 考查副词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸甜艾草显然破坏了其药性。修饰动词destroyed，用副词apparently作状语，意为“显然”。故填apparently。 29. 考查名词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸甜艾草显然破坏了其药性。可数名词property作宾语，表示“性质；特性”，艾草特性不止一项，用复数形式。故填properties。 30. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。call(称)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(即先行词This medicine)之间是被动关系，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故填was called。 Passage 4 “Father of hybrid rice”, Yuan Longping died of illness at 13:07 p.m. in 31 hospital in Changsha of Hunan province. He 32 (cultivate) the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973, 33 was later grown on a large scale in China and other countries to substantially raise output. Yuan once said he had two dreams. One is that people can enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men. The other is that hybrid rice could 34 (grow) all over the world to help solve the 35 (globe) food shortage. Everyone knows 36 he is the Savior(救世主), but he said he is an old farmer who has grown rice all 37 (he) life, and that he would keep working unless he could no longer see or walk. On September 19, 2020, Yuan Longping sent his best 38 (wish) to the youth and shared his eight word successful experience: knowledge, sweat, and opportunity. “Knowledge is the foundation. Sweat is the practice,” he said. “Inspiration is a spark of thought. Everyone has a spark of thought so don’t give it up.” He also said “Chance favors the 39 (prepare) mind!” in English. Our best way 40 (honour) him is to cherish every grain in the bowl and every day without starvation. 【答案】 31. a 32. cultivated 33. which 34. be grown 35. global 36. that 37. his 38. wishes 39. prepared 40. to honour 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平事迹、梦想、对青年的寄语以及人们纪念他的方式。 31. 考查冠词。句意：“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平于下午1时07分在湖南省长沙市的一家医院因病去世。此处泛指“一家医院”，且hospital以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 32. 考查时态。句意：他于1973年培育出世界上第一种高产杂交水稻品种，这种水稻后来在中国和其他国家大规模种植，大幅提高了产量。本句陈述过去的事实，时态用一般过去时，谓语用cultivate“培育”的过去式。故填cultivated。 33. 考查定语从句。句意：他于1973年培育出世界上第一种高产杂交水稻品种，这种水稻后来在中国和其他国家大规模种植，大幅提高了产量。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为rice strain，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 34. 考查动词语态。句意：另一个是杂交水稻能在全世界种植，以帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。空处为that引导的表语从句的谓语，grow“种植”和主语hybrid rice为动宾关系，用be grown表被动，且could后接动词原形，be形式不变。故填be grown。 35. 考查形容词。句意：另一个是杂交水稻能在全世界种植，以帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。空处修饰名词短语food shortage，用形容词global“全球的”，作定语。故填global。 36. 考查宾语从句。句意：每个人都知道他是救世主，但他说自己是一个一辈子种水稻的老农民，并且除非他再也看不见或走不动了，否则他会继续工作。空处引导宾语从句，从句成分和句意完整，用that引导。故填that。 37. 考查代词。句意：每个人都知道他是救世主，但他说自己是一个一辈子种水稻的老农民，并且除非他再也看不见或走不动了，否则他会继续工作。空处修饰名词life，作定语，用形容词性物主代词his。故填his。 38. 考查名词的数。句意：2020年9月19日，袁隆平向青年们致以最美好的祝愿，并分享了他八字成功经验：知识、汗水和机遇。本空作sent的宾语，用名词wish，表示“祝愿”用复数形式，best wishes“最美好的祝愿”为固定短语。故填wishes。 39. 考查形容词。句意：他还用英语说：“机会总是留给有准备的人！”空处修饰名词mind，用形容词prepared“有准备的”，作定语。故填prepared。 40. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们纪念他的最好方式就是珍惜碗里的每一粒粮食，珍惜没有饥饿的每一天。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，way to do sth.“做某事的方法”，本空用honour“纪念”的不定式作后置定语。故填to honour。 Passage 5 Wilhelm Röntgen was 41 German scientist. In 1895 he was working in his laboratory 42 he discovered X-rays by accident. A week later, he took an X-ray photograph of his wife’s hand. It 43 (clear) showed her wedding ring and her bones. He sent a report about his work to the Medical Society of his city. Soon after, newspapers all 44 the world wrote about his 45 (discover), for 46 Röntgen won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. X-rays are still a big part of our lives. Doctors and dentists use X-rays 47 (look) inside the body. 48 (use) X-rays, airlines look inside baggage and scientists study the stars. How did Röntgen choose the name “X-ray”? He called these rays “X” rays to show they were an unknown type of radiation (放射线). In mathematics, we usually use the letter “x” for quantities we don’t know. Many of Röntgen’s friends wanted him to call 49 (they) Röntgen rays, but he didn’t. The name “X-ray” stayed but Röntgen’s X-rays 50 (make) our world change. 【答案】 41. a 42. when 43. clearly 44. over 45. discovery 46. which 47. to look 48. Using 49. them 50. made 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Wilhelm Röntgen发现X射线的过程以及X射线在生活和科学中的应用。 41. 考查冠词。句意：Wilhelm Röntgen是一位德国科学家。可数名词scientist在句中表示“一位科学家”，泛指，且German是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 42. 考查连词。句意：1895年，他正在实验室工作时偶然发现了X射线。“be doing sth. when..”是固定句型，意为“正在做某事，这时/突然……”，用when引导从句。故填when。 43. 考查副词。句意：它清晰地显示了她的结婚戒指和骨头。提示词修饰动词showed，用副词clearly作状语，意为“清楚地，清晰地”。故填clearly。 44. 考查介词。句意：不久之后，全世界的报纸都报道了他的发现。all over the world是固定短语，意为“全世界”。故填over。 45. 考查名词。句意：不久之后，全世界的报纸都报道了他的发现。此处为名词作宾语，discover的名词为discovery，意为“发现”。故填discovery。 46. 考查定语从句。句意：为此，Röntgen于1901年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。此处为关系词引导的for Röntgen won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his discovery，指事，关系词将其代入从句中作介词for的宾语，用关系代词which构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。故填which。 47. 考查非谓语动词。句意：医生和牙医使用X射线来观察身体内部。结合句意，此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to look。 48. 考查非谓语动词。句意：航空公司使用X射线查看行李，科学家研究星星。此处为非谓语动词(use) X-rays作伴随状语，use与其逻辑主语airlines构成主动关系，用现在分词表主动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Using。 49. 考查代词。句意：Röntgen的许多朋友想让他称之为Röntgen射线，但他没有。提示词作宾语，用宾格代词them。故填them。 50. 考查时态。句意：“X射线”这个名字保留了下来，但Röntgen的X射线让我们的世界发生了改变。 make(让)是分句谓语，与主语Röntgen’s X-rays之间是主动关系，讲述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时态。故填made。 Passage 6 Now I have become a senior high school student and this means I have an opportunity to become a different person 51 can be better prepared for my future life. I think I will need to play more sports. I plan to run every day in order to have a 52 (power) body. I even look forward to 53 (run) an exciting half marathon. One thing I really want to change is the time I spend in the online world and it’s time to get out of it and make a 54 (different) in the real world. In fact, up until this year I might have been described as 55 Internet addict, 56 now I determine to do some more meaningful things through the Internet. A few weeks ago, when I was surfing the Internet, I 57 (attract) by a website of a charity(慈善) organization. It 58 (impress) me so much that I wished to be one of the responsible and warm-hearted 59 (volunteer) to help the children in need. 60 (actual), in the future, maybe I can start my own charity. 【答案】 51. who/that 52. powerful 53. running 54. difference 55. an 56. but 57. was attracted 58. impressed 59. volunteers 60. Actually 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一位高中生决心通过运动和减少上网时间来提升自我，准备未来生活，并参与慈善活动的故事。 51. 考查定语从句。句意：现在我已经成为一名高中生，这意味着我有机会成为一个不同的人，可以更好地为我未来的生活做准备。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词person指的是人，所以此处使用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 52. 考查形容词。句意：我计划每天跑步，为了有一个强大的身体。此处为形容词作定语修饰body，power的形容词为powerful意为“强大的”,符合句意。故填powerful。 53. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我甚至期待着跑一场激动人心的半程马拉松。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，look forward to意为“期待”，其中to为介词，所以此处使用动名词形式作宾语。故填running。 54. 考查名词。句意：我真正想改变的一件事是我花在网络世界上的时间，现在是时候离开它，在现实世界中有所作为了。此处为名词作宾语，different的名词为difference，make a difference意为“有所作为，产生影响”。故填difference。 55. 考查冠词。句意：事实上，直到今年，我可能被描述为一个网络上瘾者，但现在我决定通过互联网做一些更有意义的事情。addict意为“上瘾者”，为可数名词单数，其前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“一个上瘾者”，表示泛指，所以使用不定冠词，Internet的首个音素为元音，所以使用不定冠词an。故填an。 56. 考查连词。句意：事实上，直到今年，我可能被描述为一个上网成瘾者，但现在我决定通过互联网做一些更有意义的事情。空前和空后为两个句子，此处使用连词，结合句意，上下文之间为转折意义，所以此处使用表示转折关系的连词but。故填but。 57. 考查谓语动词。句意：几个星期前，当我上网时，我被一个慈善机构的网站吸引了。此处为谓语动词，结合时间状语A few weeks ago可知，此处使用一般过去时，attract与主语I之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为I，所以be动词为was。故填was attracted。 58. 考查谓语动词。句意：它给我留下了深刻的印象，我希望成为一名负责任和热心的志愿者，帮助有需要的孩子。此处为谓语动词，根据语境以及从句中的谓语动词wished可知，此处使用一般过去时，impress与主语it之间为主动关系。故填impressed。 59. 考查名词复数。句意：它给我留下了深刻的印象，我希望成为一名负责任和热心的志愿者，帮助有需要的孩子。此处为名词作宾语，根据“one of+名词复数”意为“……之一”可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填volunteers。 60. 考查副词。句意：事实上，在未来，也许我可以创办自己的慈善机构。此处为副词作状语，修饰整个句子，actual的副词为actually意为“事实上”，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Actually。 Passage 7 In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe. No one knew how to prevent or treat it. John Snow, a British doctor, felt 61 (frustrate). But he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and 62 all. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread, and Snow subscribed to the second theory that cholera 63 (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water. It was correct, but abundant proof was still needed. He was 64 (determine) to find out why. Snow began by 65 (mark) on a map the exact places 66 all those who died had lived. Snow doubted if the water pump was 67 (blame). At last, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump 68 (remove). Through his intervene, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 69 (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks 70 the work of John Snow. Moreover, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered as father of modern epidemiology. 【答案】 61. frustrated 62. for 63. was caused 64. determined 65. marking 66. where 67. to blame 68. removed 69. Fortunately 70. to 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了约翰·斯诺医生击败“霍乱王”的故事。 61. 考查形容词。句意：英国医生约翰·斯诺感到很沮丧。felt为系动词，后面需加形容词作表语，此处表示人的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词frustrated“沮丧的”。故填frustrated。 62. 考查介词。句意：但他从未失去彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。once and for all为固定短语，意为“彻底地，一劳永逸”。故填for。 63. 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：一般来说，当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的，斯诺赞同第二种理论，即霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。根据subscribed可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语cholera和cause为被动关系，用被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构是was/were caused。主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was caused。 64. 考查形容词。句意：他决心找出原因。此处作表语，修饰人，应用形容词determined“下定决心的”。故填determined。 65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者居住过的确切地点。by为介词，后面需加动名词作宾语。故填marking。 66. 考查定语从句。句意：斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者居住过的确切地点。空处引导定语从句，先行词是places，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 67. 考查非谓语动词。句意：斯诺怀疑水泵是不是罪魁祸首。be to blame为固定用法，意为“应该负责，该受责备”，此处主动形式表示被动意义。故填to blame。 68. 考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他请人把水泵的把手取了下来。have sth. done为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，the handle of the pump和remove为动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填removed。 69. 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，多亏了约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Fortunately。 70. 考查介词。句意：幸运的是，多亏了约翰·斯诺的工作，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。固定短语thank to表示“多亏，由于”，to是介词。故填to。 ( 19 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$