Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第三册（译林版）

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： republic malaria deadly survival province broad intend extract herb refer to experiment trial limited household container postpone sufficient data speed up pay off error through trial and error wisdom beneficial等 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 deadly 释义：adj.致命的：十足的，彻底的：adv.非常，极度地 /'dedli/ 词汇变形：dead(adj)死亡的；die(v.)死亡；death(n)死亡 搭配：deadly disease致命疾病：deadly enemy死敌；deadly serious极其严肃 辨析：deadly强调“致死的可能性”；fatal强调“已导致死亡或必 然导致死亡”；lethal指“具备致死能力的” 例句：The snake's venom is deadly, 蛇的毒液是致命的。 He is a deadly enemy of mine. 他是我的死敌。 survival 释义：n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 /sa'varvl/ 词汇变形：survive(w.)幸存；sr'vivor(n.)幸存者：surviving(adj) 幸存的 搭配：survival of the fittest适者生存；survival skills生存技能； fight for survival为生存而战；survival kit救生包；survival rate生 存率 辨析：无 例句：The survival of the species depends on the environment. 该物种的生存取决于环境。 He learned basic survival skills in the forest. 他在森林里学会了基本的生存技能。 3 broad 释义：adj.广泛的：宽阔的，广阔的：概括的：明显的 /bro:d/ 词汇变形：broaden(v)加宽，扩大；broadly(adv)广泛地： broadness(n.)宽度 搭配：broad range广泛的范围；broad shoulders宽阔的肩膀； broad outline大致轮廓；in broad daylight光天化日之下 辨析：wde侧重“从一边到另一边的距离”；broad强调“面积的 广阔”或“范围广” 例句：The river is too broad to swim across. 这条河太宽了，无法游过去。 She has a broad knowledge of history. 她有广泛的历史知识。 intend 释义：t.&vi.想要，计划：意指 /In'tend/ 词汇变形：intention(m)意图，目的；intended(adj,)故意的，计划 的；ntentional(adj)有意的；intentionally(adv)故意地 搭配：intend to do sth.打算做某事；intend doing sth.打算做某事 (较少用)；intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事；be intended for 为…而设计/打算；intend sth.as sth.把某物当作… 辨析：无 例句：Iintend to finish the work by Friday.. 我打算在周五前完成工作。 This book is intended for children 这本书是为孩子们准备的。 extract 释义：n.提取物，选录；t.提取：选录：取出：设法得到 /'ekstraekt/ 词汇变形：extraction(n)提取，抽取；extractor(n)提取器： extractive(adj,)提取的 搭配：extract.fiom从…中提取/摘录；extract a tooth拔牙： extract information获取信息；extract a promise迫使某人承诺 辨析：extract侧重“费力取出”；remove泛指“移开”；withdraw 指“撤回” 例句：They extract oil from seeds. 他们从种子中提取油。 The dentist extracted his bad tooth. 牙医拔掉了他的坏牙。 6 refer 释义：i.参考，查阅：提到，谈及：t.把…归因于，提交 r'f3:)/ 词汇变形：reference,)参考，提及；referee(n.)裁判，仲裁人； referral()推荐，转诊 搭配：refer to参考，涉及，指的是；refer to.as把…称作； refer.to把.…提交给：in/with reference to关于 辨析：refer to后接名词；refer作及物动词时需接宾语+to 例句：Please refer to the notes for more details. 请参阅笔记了解更多细节。 He referred to his childhood as a happy time. 他把童年称为一段快乐时光。 experiment 释义：n.实验，试验：尝试，实践；ⅵi.做试验，进行实验：尝试 /ik'sperimant/ 词汇变形：experimental(adj.)实验的；experimentally(adv.)实验性 地；experimentation(n.)实验过程；experimenter(n)实验者 搭配：cany out/conduct/perform an experiment做实g验；experiment on/upon用…做实验；experiment with用…试验；by experiment通过实验 辨析：无 例句：The students are doing a chemistry experiment. 学生们正在做化学实验 They experimented with different methods. 他们尝试了不同的方法。 trial 释义：n.试用，试验：审讯，审判；考验；i.&vt.测试，试验 /'traial/ 词汇变形：ty(v)尝试，审判；trial run试运行；trial period试用 期：trial and error反复试验，不断摸索 搭配：be on trial在受审；n trial在试验中：rial by jury陪审团审 判；ndergo a trial经受考验 辨析：rial侧重“测试性尝试”；experiment侧重“科学实验”； test泛指“检验” 例句：The new drug is undergoing clinical trials. 这种新药正在进行临床试验。 He learned through trial and error. 他通过反复试验学会了。 limited 释义：ad.有限的 /'limitid/ 词汇变形：liit(n.w.)限制：limitation()局限性；limitless(adj.) 无限的：unlimited(adj)无限制的 搭配：limited resources有限的资源；limited time有限的时间； limited company有限公司；be limited to限于；within limited scope 在有限范围内 辨析：无 例句：We have limited time to finish the task. 我们只有有限的时间完成任务。 His knowledge is limited to this field. 他的知识局限于这个领域： 10 postpone 释义：t.延迟，延期 /pa'spaun/ 词汇变形：postponement(n)延期；postponable(adj,)可延期的 搭配：postpone doing sth.推迟做某事；be postponed to/umtl被推 迟到…；postpone indefinitely无限期推迟 辨析：put off更口语化；delay强调“因故受阻”；postpone多用于 计划性推迟 例句：The meeting was postponed until next week, 会议被推迟到了下周。 She postponed leaving because of the rain. 由于下雨，她推迟了出发。 11 sufficient 释义：adj.足够的，充足的 /sa'fifint/ 词汇变形：sufficiency()充足；sufficiently(adv)足够地； insufficient(adj)不足的 搭配：be sufficient for对…足够；be sufficient to do sth.足以做 某事；sufficient condition充分条件 辨析：enough可放在名词前后，sufficient较正式，多用于学术或法 律语境；adequate指“刚够” 例句：The food is suff伍cient for all ofus. 食物足够我们所有人吃。 One hour is sufficient to finish the job. 小时足以完成这项工作。 12 beneficial 释义：ad.有益的，有用的 benr'fifl/ 词汇变形：benefit(n./w)利益，受益：beneficially(adv.)有益地； beneficiary)受益人 搭配：be beneficial to/for对…有益；mutually beneficial互利 的；beneficial effect有益效果 辨析：无 例句：Regular exercise is beneficial to health 定期锻炼对健康有益。 The new policy is beneficial for small businesses. 新政策对小企业有利。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（每空一词，共12题） 1.The snake's bite can be (dead)if not treated immediately. 2.The (survive)of the ancient tribe depends on their ability to find water. 3.His (intend)was to become a doctor,but he ended up as a teacher. 4.The scientists are trying to extract useful substances the plant. 5.When you come across a new word,you can refer a dictionary. 6.The students conducted an (experiment)to test the quality of water. 7.After several (trial),the machine finally worked properly. 8.We have only (limit)space for parking,so please park carefully 9.The sports meeting was (postpone)because of the heavy rain. 10.Is there (sufficient)evidence to prove his guilt? 11.Eating more vegetables is (benefit)to your overall health 12.The new product is designed (intend)for young people. (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示完成句子，每空词数不限，共10题） 1.这种药草对治疗疟疾有致命的效果。 This herb has a effect on treating 2.在恶劣的环境中，生存技能至关重要。 are crucial in harsh environments. 3.他拥有广泛的知识，涵盖科学和艺术。 He has a of knowledge,covering science and art. 4.你打算什么时候开始你的实验？ When do you your experiment? 5.我们可以从这个植物中提取一种有用的油。 We can a useful oil this plant. 6请不要在演讲中提及那个敏感话题。 Please don't that sensitive topic in your speech 7.他们通过反复试验最终成功了。 They finally succeeded 8由于时间有限，我们必须优先完成最重要的任务。 Due to time,we must prioritize the most important tasks. 9.会议被推迟到了下周三。 The meeting was next Wednesday. 10.充足的睡眠对青少年的大脑发育非常有益。 sleep is very the brain development of teenagers. (三)短文填空 In the face of a deadly disease like malaria,scientists have been working hard to find effective treatments.One of the most 1 (benefit)discoveries comes from a traditional Chinese herb.Researchers 2 (extract)a substance from the plant and tested it through 3 (trial)and error.The 4 (survive)rate of patients improved significantly after using this medicine.However,the 5 (intend)of the study was not just to cure the disease,but also to understand the 6 (broad)impact on public health.In some 7 (limit)areas,the lack of medical resources made it difficult to 8 (refer)to modern treatments.Therefore,the scientists 9 (postpone)some large-scale experiments to first ensure the safety of the drug.After 10 (sufficient)testing,the drug was finally approved.It is now considered 11 (beneficial)for millions of people.This story reminds us that even with 12 (limit)conditions,persistent effort can lead to breakthroughs. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.deadly;2.survival;3.intention;4.from;5.to;6.experiment;7.trials;8.limited; 9.postponed;10.sufficient;11.beneficial;12.intended (二)单句表达 1.deadly malaria;2.Survival skills;3.broad range;4.intend to start;5.extract from; 6.refer to;7.through trial and error;8.limited;9.postponed until/to;10.Sufficient beneficial to/for (三)短文填空 1.beneficial;2.extracted;3.trial;4.survival;5intention;6.broad;7limited;8refer; 9.postponed;10.sufficient;11.beneficial;12.limited