专题04 Unit 4 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇)--2024-2025学年高一英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020必修第三册)

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) I. 阅读理解 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·湖南邵阳·期末)Edward O. Wilson, known as “ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination(着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his Ph. D. from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson’s early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: how ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bert Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects’ social structure that was both valued by scholars and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Bio-geography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson’s most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior. Wilson faced accusations(谴责) for these ideas but his work finally largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status, but friends and colleagues say the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with,” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson’s final advisees. 1. What contributed to Wilson’s passion for ants? A. His accidental disability. B. His boyhood time spent in nature. C. The school education he received. D. The discovery he made about ants. 2. What is Wilson’s first Pulitzer-winning book about? A. The social structure of ants. B. The distribution of different species. C. The role of chemical signals in communication. D. The links between biology and human culture. 3. According to the last paragraph, which word best describes Wilson? A. Modest. B. Confident. C. Well-meaning. D. Independent. 4. What is the best title of this text? A. Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology. B. A Leading Figure in Popular Science. C. The Pioneering “Ant Man”. D. The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了被誉为“蚁人”的美国生物学家爱德华·威尔逊的生平事迹和主要科学贡献。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination (着迷) with ants and their social structures.(威尔逊在森林和野生动物中长大。其中一次冒险让他双目失明，但也激发了他对蚂蚁及其社会结构的终身迷恋)”可知，威尔逊在大自然中度过的童年经历促成了他对蚂蚁的热情，故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979.(1978年，他关于生物学在人类文化中的作用的观点在《论人性》一书中达到顶峰，这本书为他赢得了1979年的普利策奖)”可知，威尔逊的第一本获得普利策奖的书是关于生物学和人类文化之间的关系的，故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status, but friends and colleagues say the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with,” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson’s final advisees.(这些成就为他提供了一种巨星的地位，但朋友和同事说，这位彬彬有礼的南方人仍然脚踏实地。“威尔逊教授真的认真倾听，与他交流的人交流，”威尔逊最后的顾问之一Corrie S. Moreau说)”可推理出威尔逊教授很谦虚，故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Edward O. Wilson, known as “ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama.( Edward O. Wilson，人称“蚁人”，1929年6月10日出生在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰)”以及第六段“What many consider to be Wilson’s most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior.(许多人认为威尔逊对进化生物学最重要的贡献出现在1975年，当时他出版了《社会生物学：新合成》。这项工作探索了动物行为的遗传根源，并认为基因塑造了人类的行为)”可知，本文介绍了被誉为“蚁人”的美国生物学家爱德华·威尔逊的生平事迹和主要科学贡献，C项““蚁人”的先驱”表达的含义适合用作本文标题，故选C项。 Passage 2 (24-25高一上·四川绵阳·期末)The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics are awarded to two researchers on Oct. 8, for their foundational discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural(神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore winning the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network (HNN), which explained how neuron systems interact to produce stable memories. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm(算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution began. The Nobel Prize in Physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep learning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations(模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 5. For what were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in Physics? A. They invented artificial neural networks. B. They discovered biological neural networks. C. They both are excellent experts in the field of statistical physics. D. They used methods in physics to study artificial neural networks. 6. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. John Hopfield’s devotion and achievement. B. How modern generative AI revolution began. C. Geoffrey Hinton’s research on neural network. D. The cooperation between John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 7. What has led to the deep learning revolution according to the passage? A. Finding a key algorithm which could select weights. B. Creating a new model that could generate new patterns. C. Finding a way to train multi-layer artificial neural networks. D. Discovering an approach to training artificial neural networks. 8. According to the passage, what is the influence of awarding the prize to Hopfield and Hinton? A. More people will be inspired to study physics. B. Simulations of systems will be faster and more accurate. C. People will employ the development to benefit the Earth. D. Deep learning will play a more important role in our life. 【答案】5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了两位科学家因为将物理学方法应用于人工神经网络研究取得开创性发现和发明而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。 5. 细节理解题。 根据文章第一段“The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics are awarded to two researchers on Oct. 8, for their foundational discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore winning the prize in physics.(10月8日，2024年诺贝尔物理学奖被授予两位研究人员，以表彰他们在人工神经网络领域的基础性发现和发明。尽管人工神经网络是以生物神经网络为模型的，但两位研究人员的工作都借鉴了统计物理学，因此获得了物理学奖。)”可知，他们获奖的原因是用物理学的方法研究人工神经网络。故选D。 6. 主旨大意题。 根据文章第二段“The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network (HNN), which explained how neuron systems interact to produce stable memories. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution.(物理学家John Hopfield运用物理学理论来研究一种特定的神经网络，现在被称为霍普菲尔德网络(Hopfield Network，HNN)，该网络解释了神经元系统如何相互作用以产生稳定的记忆。在20世纪80年代，Geoffrey Hinton及其同事在霍普菲尔德理论的基础上，创建了一类新的模型。与能够存储模式并纠正模式中错误的霍普菲尔德网络不同，新模型能够生成新的模式，从而为现代生成式人工智能(AI)革命埋下了种子。)”可知，本段主要讲述了现代生成式人工智能革命是如何开始的。故选B。 7. 细节理解题。 根据文章第三段的“However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution began.(然而，训练多层人工神经网络仍然具有挑战性。在21世纪，Hinton和他的同事们聪明地发现了一种方法，深度学习革命开始了。)”可知，找到了一种训练多层人工神经网络的方法导致了深度学习革命。故选C。 8. 推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段“By awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world.(通过将诺贝尔物理学奖授予Hopfield和Hinton，评奖委员会表达了对人类利用这些进步来促进人类福祉和构建一个可持续世界的潜力的期望。)”可知，将诺贝尔物理学奖授予Hopfield和Hinton可能会产生的影响是希望人们将利用这一发展造福地球。故选C。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·湖南长沙·期末)Recent research reveals the harmful mental health effects caused by social media use, including increased rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal(与自杀相关的) tendencies and self-harm. Adolescents who spend more than three hours per day on social media face twice the risk of poor mental health outcomes. Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify(增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible — have dramatically raised the risk to young users’ well-being and made our children addicted to these social media outlets. In the first seven years after addictive feeds were introduced, suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled and hospitalization for suicidal tendencies and attempts increased nearly twice for all adolescents. Instead of responding to the problem, social media have made great efforts to keep and capture user engagement, and the results have been catastrophic. Beyond the direct harm of social media addiction, the collection of children’s data by these giant companies puts our kids at huge risk, leaving them vulnerable(易受伤害的) by having their location and other personal data tracked, shared and sold online. As a consequence, that data is at greater risk of falling into the wrong hands — including. human traffickers, identity thieves and others who might prey on(坑害) young people. We will not stand by and watch an arms race among social media mega-corporations (大型企业) over who can best profit from our children’s pain and addiction. That is why we should use and are using every tool at our fingertips to fight back against these damaging practices: from the courthouse to the statehouse. 9. What can we learn about addictive feeds? A. They are food that can easily satisfy people. B. They are Internet content that can get people addicted. C. They are kept on the platform just for a short period of time. D. They are personal data stored on the Internet for convenience. 10. Which word can best replace the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 4? A. destructive B. positive C. unique D. effective 11. Which of the following best describes the author’s purpose in mentioning statistics such as “suicide rates for 10 - to 14-year-old girls doubled”? A. To create an emotional response in the reader. B. To show how effective social media has become at keeping users engaged. C. To offer a balanced view of the effects of social media on young people. D. To provide evidence that supports the argument about social media’s harmful effects. 12. What can we learn from the last paragragh? A. It emphasizes the author’s support for social media companies. B. It describes positive effects of social media on children’s well-being. C. It explains how social media companies can address the mental health issues. D. It calls for increased control on social media companies to protect young users. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章主要叙述了最近的研究表明，使用社交媒体会对心理健康造成有害影响，包括抑郁、焦虑、自杀倾向和自残的比例增加，揭示了青少年使用社交媒体的现状和危害，呼吁人们采取行动加以应对。 9. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible(成瘾饲料——旨在利用个人数据来增强用户内容，使他们尽可能长时间地留在平台上)”可知，成瘾饲料是指能够让人们上瘾的网络内容。故选B。 10. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“In the first seven years after addictive feeds were introduced, suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled and hospitalization for suicidal tendencies and attempts increased nearly twice for all adolescents.(在引入成瘾饲料后的头七年里，10至14岁女孩的自杀率增加了一倍，所有青少年因自杀倾向和自杀未遂而住院的人数增加了近一倍)”和划线词所在句“Instead of responding to the problem, social media have made great efforts to keep and capture user engagement, and the results have been catastrophic.(社交媒体没有对这个问题做出回应，而是付出了巨大的努力来保持和吸引用户的参与，结果是catastrophic。)”可知，社交媒体并未对于青少年的自杀现象做出回应，却努力保持、吸引客户，这个后果是灾难性的，划线词与destructive(破坏性的，毁灭性的)意思相近。故选A。 11. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify (增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible — have dramatically raised the risk to young users’ well-being and made our children addicted to these social media outlets.(成瘾饲料——旨在利用个人数据强化用户的内容，使他们尽可能长时间地留在平台上——极大地增加了年轻用户健康的风险，并使我们的孩子沉迷于这些社交媒体。)”可知，作者在第三段提出了“suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled”之类的数据，是为了提供证据支持关于社交媒体有害影响的论点。故选D。 12. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“We will not stand by and watch an arms race among social media mega-corporations (大型企业) over who can best profit from our children’s pain and addiction. That is why we should use and are using every tool at our fingertips to fight back against these damaging practices: from the courthouse to the statehouse.(我们不会坐视社交媒体巨头之间的军备竞赛，看谁能最大限度地从我们孩子的痛苦和成瘾中获利。这就是为什么我们应该使用并且正在使用我们手边的一切工具来反击这些破坏性的做法：从法院到州议会。)”可知，该段呼吁采取一切手段，加强对社交媒体公司的控制，以保护年轻用户，避免其受到伤害。故选D。 Passage 4 (24-25高一上·湖南长沙·期末)Edward O. Wilson, known as “the ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination(着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his PhD from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson's early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: How ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bent Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects' social structure that was both valued by entomologists(昆虫学者) and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson's most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic and evolutionary roots of animal behaviour and argued that genes shaped human behaviour. Wilson faced accusations(谴责) for these ideas but finally his work largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture ended in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. He received more than 150 awards and honours from around the world. These accomplishments offered him a type of academic superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “One of the qualities I really admired about Professor Wilson was his ability to really listen to and engage with whomever he was interacting with, ” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson's final advisees. 13. What contributed to Wilson's passion for ants? A. His accidental disability. B. The discovery he made about ants. C. The school education he received. D. His boyhood spent in nature. 14. What is the book On Human Nature about? A. The social structure of ants. B. The distribution of different species. C. The links between biology and human culture. D. The role of chemical signals in communication. 15. According to Wilson's friends and colleagues, which word can best describe him? A. Warm-hearted B. Modest. C. Independent. D. Honest. 16. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote Wilson's most popular books. B. To explain the social behavior of ants in detail. C. To highlight the challenges Wilson faced in his personal life. D. To introduce the life and key achievements of Wilson. 【答案】13. D 14. C 15. B 16. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了被称为“蚁人”的著名生物学家爱德华·威尔逊的生平和成就。 13. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“His parents divorced when he was young, and he moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination(着迷) with ants and their social structures. (他的父母在他很小的时候就离婚了，他在童年时期经常搬家。威尔逊在探索森林和野生动物中长大。其中一次冒险让他部分失明，但也让他对蚂蚁和它们的社会结构产生了毕生的兴趣。)”可知，威尔逊的童年是在大自然中度过的，使得他对蚂蚁很有热情。故选D项。 14. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture ended in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979.( 1978年，他关于生物学在人类文化中所扮演角色的观点以《论人性》一书达到顶峰，这本书为他赢得了1979年的普利策奖。)”可知，《论人性》这本书是关于生物学和人类文化之间的联系。故选C项。 15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. He received more than 150 awards and honours from around the world. These accomplishments offered him a type of academic superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner remained down to earth.( 威尔逊发表了400多篇科学论文和20多本书。他获得了来自世界各地的150多个奖项和荣誉。这些成就给他带来了一种学术巨星的地位，但朋友和同事说，这位彬彬有礼的南方人仍然脚踏实地。)”可推知，根据威尔逊朋友和同事的说法，威尔逊是一位非常谦虚的人。故选B项。 16. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Edward O. Wilson, known as “the ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama.( 爱德华·威尔逊，被称为“蚁人”，1929年6月10日出生在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰。)”可知，文章开篇介绍了威尔逊的出生、童年经历，之后讲述了他的教育背景以及在蚂蚁研究、生物学等领域的重要发现和著作，整体是在介绍威尔逊的生平及主要成就。由此可推知，文章的主要目的是绍威尔逊的生平和主要成就。故选D项。 Passage 5 Two researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics on Oct. 8, 2024, for their pioneering work in the field of artificial neural(神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network. In particular, he studied what happens to the network over time. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm(算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution had begun. The Nobel Prize in physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep earning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations(模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 17. Why were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in physics? A. They discovered neural networks. B. They invented artificial neural networks. C. They are excellent experts in statistical physics. D. They used methods in physics to study artificial neural networks. 18. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Geoffrey Hinton’s research. B. John Hopfield’s achievement. C. How modern generative AI revolution began. D. The cooperation between John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 19. What has led to the deep learning revolution according to the passage? A. Deciding on a training data set. B. Training artificial neural networks. C. Hinton’s breakthrough in the 1980s. D. Finding a way to train multi-layer artificial neural networks. 20. What may be the influence of awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton? A. Simulations of systems will be more accurate. B. People will employ the development to benefit the Earth. C. More people will be interested in studying physics. D. Deep learning will play a more important role in our life. 【答案】17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了两位科学家因为将物理学方法应用于人工神经网络研究而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。 17. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Two researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics on Oct. 8, 2024, for their pioneering work in the field of artificial neural (神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore the prize in physics.(2024年10月8日，两位研究人员因其在人工神经网络领域的开创性工作而被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。虽然人工神经网络是以生物神经网络为模型，但两位研究人员的工作都借鉴了统计物理学，因此获得了物理学奖。)”可知，他们获奖的原因是用物理学的方法研究人工神经网络。故选D。 18. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network. In particular, he studied what happens to the network over time. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution.(物理学家约翰·霍普菲尔德利用物理学的思想研究了一种特定的神经网络，现在被称为霍普菲尔德网络。特别是，他研究了网络随时间变化的情况。在20世纪80年代，杰弗里·辛顿和他的同事们基于霍普菲尔德的思想创造了一类新的模型。与只能存储模式并纠正模式中的错误的霍普菲尔德网络不同，这个新模型能够生成新的模式，从而为现代生成式人工智能革命埋下了种子。)”可知，本段主要讲述了现代生成式人工智能革命是如何开始的。故选C。 19. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段提到“In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution had begun.(在21世纪，Hinton和他的同事们巧妙地发现了一种方法，深度学习革命由此开始。)”可知，找到了一种训练多层人工神经网络的方法导致了深度学习革命。故选D。 20. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““By awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world.(通过将诺贝尔物理学奖授予Hopfield和Hinton，诺贝尔奖委员会表达了它对人类利用这些进步来促进人类福祉和建设可持续世界的潜力的希望。)”可知，将诺贝尔物理学奖授予Hopfield和Hinton可能会产生的影响是人们将利用这一发展造福地球。故选B。 Passage 6 Role models are powerful. No matter what stage of life you’re at, it’s good to have someone who encourages you to be the best version of yourself. Recent winners of national prizes mean we have a wider range of possible role models. As part of the celebration of the 70th anniversary(周年纪念日)of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, 42 people were awarded the Medal of the People’s Republic of China, the Friendship Medal of the People’s Republic of China and national honorary titles on 17 September. Recipients(领奖者)come from various backgrounds, including scientists, educators, artists, model workers etc. All have made big contributions to our nation’s construction and development. Chinese scientist Tu Youyou is one of the eight who were awarded the Medal of the People’s Republic of China. Tu, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for her discovery of the malaria drug artemisinin(青蒿素), is the f irst Chinese person to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She has saved millions of lives worldwide. She has also made important scientif ic innovation (创新)in traditional Chinese medicine. Tu is not the only one who has given her life to the country’s development. Nan Rendong, before his death in 2017, led the research and development of China’s Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, the world’s largest radio telescope. He worked on the project for more than 20 years. The facility he designed helps humans’ search for extraterrestrial civilizations (外星文明)and marked a Chinese technological milestone. Thanks to the great efforts made by these great f igures, we can live in a prosperous and peaceful country. Hopefully these role models can also light the way for future nation building. 21. What’s the main purpose of the article? A. To express thanks to national heroes. B. To tell readers what makes a good role model. C. To describe the national honorary titles awarded recently. D. To introduce some of the people who won national awards. 22. What do we know about Tu Youyou? A. She is the only woman to be awarded the Medal of the People’s Republic of China. B. She won a Nobel Prize for her discovery of artemisinin in 2017. C. She has helped millions of people around the world defeat malaria. D. She has helped traditional Chinese medicine gain popularity worldwide. 23. Nan Rendong was awarded for his contributions in the field of ________. A. medicine. B. agriculture. C. astronomy. D. education. 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。榜样是强大的。无论你处于人生的哪个阶段，有一个人鼓励你做最好的自己是件好事。最近获得国家表彰的获奖者意味着我们有更广泛的可能的榜样。文章主要是介绍一些获得国家奖项的人。 21. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Recipients (领奖者) come from various backgrounds, including scientists, educators, artists, model workers etc. All have made big contributions to our nation's construction and development. (获奖者来自不同的背景，包括科学家，立法者，教育工作者，艺术家，劳动模范和六个非中国人。他们都为国家的建设和发展做出了巨大贡献)”。可知这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一些获得国家级奖项的人。故选D。 22. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Tu, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for her discovery of the malaria drug artemisinin (青蒿素), is the f irst Chinese person to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She has saved millions of lives worldwide. She has also made important scientif ic innovation (创新)in traditional Chinese medicine.(屠呦呦因发现抗疟疾药物青蒿素而获得2015年诺贝尔奖，她是第一位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国人。她拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。她还在中医领域进行了重要的科学创新)”可知，屠呦呦帮助世界各地数百万人战胜了疟疾。故选C。 23. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Nan Rendong, before his death in 2017, led the research and development of China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope, the world's largest radio telescope.(2017年去世前，南仁东领导了中国500米口径球面射电望远镜的研发工作，这是世界上最大的射电望远镜)”可知，南仁东因其在天文学领域的贡献而获奖。故选C。 Passage 7 (24-25高一上·山东滨州·阶段练习)The Internet is often used to buy and sell products, pay bills, and communicate with people. But how safe is it when you use the Internet? Our magazine Interactions asked some Internet users about their experiences. Linda, 29, nurse: I pay all my bills online. One day, I received an email from my bank. It told me that someone was trying to take out money from my account(账号), so I should email my password(密码) to the “bank manager” I felt something was wrong, so I called my bank and asked about the email. The bank said they never sent it. I realised that someone tried to cheat(欺骗) me of my money. I’ll continue paying my bills this way, but I’ll be more careful. Emily, 22, office worker: I was at work, and I sent an email to a friend of mine. I was telling her about my problems with Mark, the manager. A few minutes later, a friend of Mark’s came over to my desk. He said, “So you think Mark is too strict?” My face was red. I chose the wrong name on my address list. It was my own fault, so I’ll look over my emails more carefully before I click “Send” next time. Thomas, 21, university student: I love the Internet! I look up lots of information online. I often buy things on the websites-furniture, clothes, CDs, even foods. I have also sold some of my things on the Internet. I only use the websites I trust and I’ve never had a safety problem. 24. Where is the passage taken from? A. A diary. B. A novel. C. A magazine. D. A history book. 25. Linda probably got the email from a person who ________. A. refused to lend money to her B. asked about her experiences C. sold things to her on the websites D. tried to cheat her of her money 26. The word “fault” in Paragraph3 means “________”. A. project B. mistake C. advantage D. plan 27. Who shared enjoyable experiences according to the passage? A. Linda. B. Emily. C. Mark. D. Thomas. 28. What is the best title of the passage? A. The Internet: How Safe Is It? B. The Bank: How Useful Is It? C. The Website: How Cheap Is It? D. The Magazine: How Amazing Is It? 【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过三个网络用户的经历，探讨了使用网络的安全性。 24. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Our magazine Interactions asked some Internet users about their experiences. (我们的杂志《互动》询问了一些网民他们的经历)”可推知，这篇文章来自一本杂志。故选C项。 25. 细节理解题。根据Linda, 29, nurse部分中“One day, I received an email from my bank.(有一天，我收到一封来自银行的电子邮件)”和“The bank said they never sent it. I realised that someone tried to cheat (欺骗) me of my money. (银行说他们没发邮件。我意识到有人试图骗我的钱)”可知，琳达收到的邮件可能是一个试图骗她钱的人发的。故选D项。 26. 词句猜测题。根据Emily, 22, office worker部分中“I chose the wrong name on my address list. It was my own fault, so I’ll look over my emails more carefully before I click “Send” next time.(我把通讯录上的名字选错了。这是我自己的fault，所以我下次点击“发送”之前会更仔细地查看我的邮件)”可知，发错邮件是“我”自己的错误，“fault”意思是“错误”，与mistake同义。故选B项。 27. 细节理解题。根据Thomas, 21, university student部分中“I love the Internet! (我爱互联网!)”和“I only use the websites I trust and I’ve never had a safety problem. (我只使用我信任的网站，我从来没有遇到过安全问题)”可知，托马斯喜欢互联网且从来没有遇到过安全问题，所以他分享了的是愉快的上网经历。故选D项。 28. 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“But how safe is it when you use the Internet? (但当你使用互联网时，它有多安全呢?)”可知，本文主要通过三个网络用户的经历，探讨了使用网络的安全性，A项“The Internet: How Safe Is It?(网络：它有多安全?)”最符合文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 8 Peng Shilu was born in a family of heroes in Haifeng, Guangdong in 1925. When he was less than five years old, his parents died. The young boy was taken care of and protected by the poor, and he moved between different families and lived a difficult life. The people’s kindness influenced him deeply at his early age. In 1940, Peng Shilu was taken to Chongqing. Later, with the help of the CPC(中国共产党), he went to study in Yan’an. In 1951, he went abroad to learn chemical engineering. When he completed his studies, he got an excellent grade. In 1956, Peng Shilu was asked, “Are you willing to change your research field?” “Of course, as long as the motherland has a need!” With the strong belief(信念), Peng Shilu began to study nuclear power(核能) at once. In the early 1960s, China’s development of nuclear submarines(核潜艇) was almost a “blank”. Peng Shilu and other scientists were learning, exploring and practicing. In 1970, China’s first nuclear submarine was built. In 1974, China became the fifth country in the world to have a nuclear submarine. Peng Shilu worked very hard. He spent all his life on nuclear power. “I have only done two things in my life. One is to build nuclear submarines and the other is to build nuclear power stations,” said Peng Shilu. He died on March 22, 2021, at the age of 96. As a pioneer in nuclear power, he is remembered by the people and the country. On March 3, 2022, he was named “Touching China’s Figure of the Year 2021”. 29. What influenced Peng Shilu deeply at his early age? A. The scientists’ spirit. B. The people’s kindness. C. The teachers’ words. D. The parents’ words. 30. Why did Peng Shilu change his research field? A. The field was easier. B. He wanted to be famous. C. The motherland had a need. D. He wanted to get much money. 31. When was China’s first nuclear submarine built? A. In 1970 B. In 1956 C. In 1940 D. 1974 32. What’s the best title for the text? A. A Pioneer in Nuclear Power. B. A Suggestion for Further Study. C. A Study on the History of the CPC. D. A Life of the poor people. 【答案】29. B 30. C 31. A 32. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了核动力专家彭士禄的生平事迹。 29. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The people’s kindness influenced him deeply at his early age. (人民的善良在他小时候就深深地影响了他。)”可知，小时候深深影响彭士禄的是人民的善良。故选B。 30. 细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Of course, as long as the motherland has a need!’ With the strong belief, Peng Shilu began to study nuclear power at once. (‘当然，只要祖国有需要！’带着坚定的信念，彭士禄立刻开始学习核能。)”可知，彭士禄改变他的研究领域是因为祖国有需要。故选C。 31. 细节理解题。根据第四段“In 1970, China’s first nuclear submarine was built. (1970年，中国建造了第一艘核潜艇。)”可知，中国的第一艘核潜艇是在1970年建造的。故选A。 32. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了核动力专家彭士禄的生平事迹，所以本文最好的标题应是A项：A Pioneer in Nuclear Power. (核动力领域的先驱)。故选A。 Passage 9 John B. Goodenough, whose last name suitably translates to “good enough” in English. Born in 1922, Goodenough was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry at the age of 97 for his work on lithium-ion batteries(锂电池), which have revolutionized the way we power our world. Goodenough’s journey to this great achievement was far from straightforward. He served in World War II before pursuing his Ph. D. in mathematics at the age of 30. It wasn’t until he was 54 that Goodenough began his research on batteries, a field he would come to lead. Despite facing numerous challenges, including reading difficulties, Goodenough’s pursuit of knowledge led him to make groundbreaking discoveries. His work on cobalt oxide cathodes(氧化钴阴极) contributed to the creation of batteries that could store more energy and be recharged more efficiently. Not to rest on his achievements, Goodenough continued to challenge the limits of battery technology. At the age of 75, he developed lithium iron phosphate, a cheaper and more stable cathode material that is now widely used in electric vehicles. Even at 94, he was not done, as he worked on developing solid-state batteries, which promise even greater energy density and safety. Goodenough’s professional attitude, described by some as working “from Monday morning to Sunday night, ” reflects his devotion to science. Goodenough gave up many nights with his children and missed important events in order to focus on his studies. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my children and experiments, ” he said. This brief account of John B. Goodenough’s life and achievements highlights that age is no barrier to achieving success with determination and a passion for discovery. The journey of a man who has devoted his life to science has left a lasting impression on the world for his contributions to energy technology. 33. Why did Goodenough receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? A. His work on new energy technology. B. His research on lithium-ion batteries. C. His invention of new battery materials. D. His development of solid-state batteries. 34. Which of the followings did Goodenough do before the age of thirty? A. He made many great discoveries. B. He began his research on batteries. C. He pursued Ph. D. in mathematics. D. He became a soldier in World War II. 35. What did Goodenough have to give up to attain his achievements? A. His health. B. His time with family. C. His safety. D. His chance to travel. 36. What is the best title for the text? A. Time Is Valuable for A Scientist. B. Education Is the Key to Success. C. Passion Is Worth It in the Long Run. D. It Is Never Too Old to Make Contributions. 【答案】33. B 34. D 35. B 36. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了2019年诺贝尔化学奖得主John B. Goodenough的一生及其成就。 33. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Born in 1922, Goodenough was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry at the age of 97 for his work on lithium-ion batteries, which have revolutionized the way we power our world. (Goodenough出生于1922年，在97岁时因其在锂离子电池方面的工作而获得2019年诺贝尔化学奖，锂离子电池彻底改变了我们为世界提供能源的方式。)”可知，Goodenough因为他对锂离子电池的研究而获得诺贝尔化学奖。故选B。 34. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He served in World War II before pursuing his Ph. D. in mathematics at the age of 30. It wasn’t until he was 54 that Goodenough began his research on batteries, a field he would come to lead. (他在二战中服役，之后在30岁时攻读数学博士学位。直到54岁，Goodenough才开始研究电池，这是他后来引领的领域。)”可知，Goodenough在三十岁之前是在二战中服役。故选D。 35. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Goodenough gave up many nights with his children and missed important events in order to focus on his studies. ‘Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my children and experiments, ’ he said. (Goodenough为了专注于研究，放弃了许多与孩子们共度的夜晚，也错过了许多重要的事件。他说：‘有些晚上，我不得不在孩子和实验之间做出选择，这让我心碎’。)”可知，Goodenough为了取得成就不得不放弃与家人相处的时间。故选B。 36. 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了Goodenough一生致力于科学研究，尽管年事已高，但他仍在不断挑战电池技术的极限，为能源技术做出了巨大贡献，他的故事告诉我们，只要有决心和对发现的热情，年龄并不是成功的障碍，由此可知，选项D“做出贡献永远为时不晚”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 Passage 10 China’s technique of growing Juncao, the herbal plant used in the growing of edible mushrooms, has contributed to global poverty reduction, agronomist Lin Zhanxi said at the Delegates’ Passage before the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct.16, 2022. “We offer training at home and abroad, send our experts to teach local farmers, and we do serve them heart and soul as our brothers,” said Lin, the chief scientist of the National Juncao Technology Research Center and a professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, who discovered and shares this mushroom-growing technology beyond China for years. The technique was later promoted from East China’s Fujian province to other areas in the country and has even reached countries across the world. As a fungi (真菌) expert, Lin said he first came up with the idea of using Juncao grass instead of wood for producing mushrooms in the 1970s. In 1971, Lin was the first person to suggest the idea of cultivating edible fungi in chopped-up wild grass. After an investigation in rural areas in Fujian province in 1983, he decided to do research to put his idea into practice. At the end of 1986, Lin saw the first Juncao mushroom growing in his laboratory. Since then, Lin and his team have developed the technology by using 45 different kinds of grasses as Juncao fungi grass. Juncao moved 17,700 farmers out of poverty in Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui autonomous region. The technique has been promoted to 106 countries and regions around the world. Twenty years ago, villagers in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea began to learn this modern biological technology with the help of Chinese agronomists. After the experimental planting of Juncao grass was successful in Papua New Guinea, villagers shouted “Juncao, China!” to express their excitement, Lin said. Many people in the South Pacific, Latin America and African countries have shaken off poverty through growing Juncao grass and mushrooms, he added. More than 12,000 Chinese experts have been trained to promote the technique worldwide, contributing Chinese wisdom to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, Lin said. 37. What is the most important contribution Juncao technology made to the world? A. It helped 17,700 farmers out of poverty. B. It promoted mushroom-growing technology. C. It is helping to reduce poverty in the whole world. D. It provided farmers worldwide with training chances. 38. Which of the following words can best describe Lin Zhanxi? A. Devoted and helpful. B. Generous and warm-hearted. C. Unselfish and independent. D. Honest and intelligent. 39. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The developing process of Juncao technology. B. The investigation of Juncao technology. C. The promotion of Juncao technology. D. The theory of Juncao/technology. 40. What is the villagers’ attitude towards growing Juncao? A. Uncaring. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Opposing. 【答案】37. C 38. A 39. A 40. B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国菌草技术助力全球减贫的情况。 37. 细节理解题。由文章第一段“China’s technique of growing Juncao, the herbal plant used in the growing of edible mushrooms, has contributed to global poverty reduction, agronomist Lin Zhanxi said at the Delegates’ Passage before the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct.16, 2022. (2022年10月16日，在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会代表通道上，农学家林占熺表示，中国培育菌草——一种用于种植食用菌的草本植物的技术，为全球减贫事业作出了贡献)”可知，菌草技术对世界做出的最重要的贡献是有助于减少全世界的贫困。故选C。 38. 推理判断题。由文章第二段中““We offer training at home and abroad, send our experts to teach local farmers, and we do serve them heart and soul as our brothers,” said Lin, the chief scientist of the National Juncao Technology Research Center and a professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, who discovered and shares this mushroom-growing technology beyond China for years. (“我们在国内外提供培训，派遣专家教导当地农民，全心全意地像对待兄弟一样为他们服务，”林说。他是国家菌草工程技术研究中心首席科学家、福建农林大学教授，多年来一直在国内外推广这一食用菌栽培技术)”可推知，林占熺是乐于助人和奉献的。故选A。 39. 主旨大意题。由文章第三段“As a fungi (真菌) expert, Lin said he first came up with the idea of using Juncao grass instead of wood for producing mushrooms in the 1970s. In 1971, Lin was the first person to suggest the idea of cultivating edible fungi in chopped-up wild grass. After an investigation in rural areas in Fujian province in 1983, he decided to do research to put his idea into practice. At the end of 1986, Lin saw the first Juncao mushroom growing in his laboratory. Since then, Lin and his team have developed the technology by using 45 different kinds of grasses as Juncao fungi grass. (作为真菌专家，林表示，他早在20世纪70年代就提出了用菌草代替木材栽培食用菌的想法。1971年，林是第一个提出利用切碎的野生草栽培食用菌的人。1983年，在对福建省农村地区进行调查后，他决定开展研究，将这一想法付诸实践。1986年底，林在他的实验室里看到了第一株菌草菇。从那时起，林及其团队利用45种不同的草作为菌草草种，发展了这项技术)”可知，第三段主要讲述了菌草技术的发展过程。故选A。 40. 推理判断题。由文章第五段中“After the experimental planting of Juncao grass was successful in Papua New Guinea, villagers shouted “Juncao, China!” to express their excitement, Lin said. (林说，在巴布亚新几内亚成功试种菌草后，村民们兴奋地高呼“菌草，中国！”)”可推知，村民们对种植菌草是支持的。故选B。 Passage 11 As a student absorbed in the story of chemistry, William Perkin succeeded in entering Royal College of Chemistry in 1853, at the age of 15. At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the college was headed by the famous German chemist August Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune. During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family’s house, attempting to produce quinine, the only practical medical treatment for malaria at that time. Despite his best efforts,however,he did not end up with quinine. Instead,he produced a mysterious dark sludge(淤渣). Luckily,Perkin’s scientific training and nature inspired him to investigate the substance further and he finally produced a deep purple solution, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected finding. Historically, textile dyes(染料) were made from such natural sources as plants and animals. The purple colour obtained from a snail was once so expensive that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’s discovery was made. Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour cloth, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting(申请专利) it. He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that producing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not disappear gradually) and the cost was relatively low. So, in spite of the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour amazed her. Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Artificial dyes continue to play a critical role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria. 41. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Hofmann? A. He failed to produce the drug against malaria. B. He appreciated Perkin’s talent as a young chemist. C. Perkin’s achievement made him rich and famous. D. His presence contributed a lot to Perkin’s enrollment. 42. Regarding Perkin’s deep purple solution, it can be inferred that_________ A. it was too expensive to be afforded by ordinary people B. it was the only solution to an infectious disease at that time C. people had no access to purple before its intention by Perkin D. Perkin couldn’t have achieved it without experience at college 43. The underlined word “backdrop” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A. backup B. downfall C. challenge D. background 44. What is the best title for the passage? A. William Petkin, the pioneer of artificial dyes B. William Perkin, the talent in fashion design C. William Perkin, the fighter against malaria D. William Perkin, the father of modern chemistry 【答案】41. B 42. D 43. D 44. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了William Perkin制造出人工染剂的经过以及其影响。 41. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant.(Perkin的科学天赋很快引起了Hofmann的注意，两年内，他成为了Hofmann最年轻的助手)”可知，Hofmann欣赏Perkin作为一名年轻化学家的才能。故选B。 42. 推理判断题。根据第一段“As a student absorbed in the story of chemistry, William Perkin succeeded in entering Royal College of Chemistry in 1853, at the age of 15. At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the college was headed by the famous German chemist August Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.(作为一名专注于化学故事的学生，1853年，15岁的William Perkin成功地进入了皇家化学学院。Perkin入学时，学院由德国著名化学家Hofmann领导。Perkin的科学天赋很快引起了Hofmann的注意，两年内，他成为了Hofmann最年轻的助手。不久之后，Perkin取得了科学上的突破，这将给他带来名声和财富)”可推知，如果没有大学的经历，Perkin不可能取得这样的成就。故选D。 43. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Historically, textile dyes(染料) were made from such natural sources as plants and animals. The purple colour obtained from a snail was once so expensive that in society at the time only the rich could afford it.(历史上，纺织染料是从植物和动物等天然来源制成的。从蜗牛身上获得的紫色曾经非常昂贵，以至于在当时的社会只有富人才买得起。)”可知，从历史上看，纺织染料是由植物和动物等天然来源制成的。从蜗牛身上获得的紫色曾经非常昂贵，在当时的社会中只有富人才能买得起，这是Perkin发现的社会背景。故画线词意思是“背景”。故选D。 44. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Artificial dyes continue to play a critical role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.(虽然Perkin的第一个发现使他声名鹊起，也使他的财富得到了保证，但这位化学家继续他的研究。时至今日，人工染料仍然发挥着至关重要的作用。而且，让Perkin特别高兴的是，它们目前的用途是寻找抗疟疾的疫苗)”结合文章主要讲述了William Perkin制造出人工染剂的经过以及其影响。可知，A选项“William Perkin——人工染料的先驱”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 12 WHAT are scientists? They are often described as gray-haired white-coated dull scholars. But the world has changed. Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage. This is also true in China. Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor Liu Mingzhen, and biologist Wan Ruixue. At the age of 28 in 2018, Wan Ruixue received the 2018 Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists. This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers. She focuses mainly on biomedicine and artificial intelligence. “Both are cutting-edge(前沿) technologies at an early stage of development,” she said. “So, I think they have great potential to be developed. I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line. And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader.” She felt it was her fate to become a biologist. “I grew interested in the natural world, when I was very young,” she said. In 2009, she entered Sun Yat-sen University. In her third year at the university, she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine. So she emailed China’s top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University. Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her. Years of efforts at the lab paid off. Her research on the high-definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough. Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad, Wan currently has no plan to go overseas. “The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China,” she said, adding the country has great science facilities. She is just an example of the new generation of young scientists in China, and we have every reason to believe that with their advances, there is great potential for future development of cutting-edge technologies in China. 45. What does the underlined word “releasing” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Finding out. B. Getting over. C. Taking over. D. Giving out. 46. What does Wan Ruixue feel about the study of cutting-edge technologies in China? A. Confident. B. Satisfied. C. Anxious. D. Disappointed. 47. What can we learn about Wan Ruixue’s journey of becoming a biologist? A. She thinks it’s boring but worth trying. B. She finds it’s easier than she expected. C. Her contribution has been recognized. D. She became interested in the natural world at college. 48. Which can be the best title of the text? A. Wan Ruixue: A Successful Young Scientist B. Rising Young Scientists in China C. New Image of Chinese Scientists D. China’s Breakthrough in Science 【答案】45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了年轻的科学家们正在世界舞台上发声，并释放他们的力量。在中国也一样，越来越多的年轻科学家投身科学研究，对社会做出了巨大的贡献。他们对中国的科学技术和科学研究充满自信。 45. 词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Young scientists are making their voices heard(年轻的科学家正在发出他们的声音)”可知，making their voices heard和releasing their powers并列，结合their powers推测出releasing有“释放，散发，发出”之意，所以划线词与giving out意思相近。故选D。 46. 推理判断题。根据第五段“I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line. And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader.(我认为在尖端技术的研究中，中国和世界上其他领先国家站在同一条起跑线上。在结构生物学研究方面，中国很可能成为领先者。)”可推知，对中国前沿技术的研究，万蕊雪充满信心。故选A。 47. 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her. Years of efforts at the lab paid off. Her research on the high-definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough.(施认可了她的才能，并欢迎她。实验室多年的努力得到了回报。她对剪接体高清三维结构的研究取得了科学突破。)”可知，在万蕊雪成为生物学家的过程中，她的付出得到了认可。故选C。 48. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段、第三段“This is also true in China. Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor Liu Mingzhen, and biologist Wan Ruixue.(在中国也是如此。后起之秀包括新材料专家龚永吉、大学教授刘明侦和生物学家万蕊雪。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述年轻的科学家们正在世界舞台上发声，并释放他们的力量。在中国也一样，越来越多的年轻科学家投身科学研究，对社会做出了巨大的贡献。他们对中国的科学技术和科学研究充满自信。所以B选项“中国崛起的年轻科学家”适合作本文的标题。故选B。 Passage 13 On September 7, 1930, Yuan Longping was born in Beijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche’s works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English, geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside of Hunan in 1953. With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hit China in the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate in Hunan was not friendly to growing wheat, he decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice. Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world’s first high production hybrid rice(杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu, more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record. Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half of China’s rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production in China. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds, the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people. In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of hybrid rice”, was awarded with Medal of the Republic, China’s highest honor. Yuan Longping’s biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries, including the USA, Brazil and India. 49. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text? A. He began to study hybrid rice in 1973. B. He received the highest honor in China at 90. C. He ever taught math in the city after graduation. D. He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger. 50. How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice? A. By listing figures. B. By quoting reports. C. By imagining results. D. By explaining reasons. 51. Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text? A. Patient and honest. B. Energetic and doubtful. C. Determined and remarkable. D. Humorous and adventurous. 52. What is the text mainly about? A. The life of Yuan Longping. B. The comment on Yuan Longping. C. The honor of Yuan Longping. D. The study of Yuan Longping. 【答案】49. D 50. A 51. C 52. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了袁隆平的一生及其在水稻杂交领域所取得的巨大成就。 49. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hit China in the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something.(20世纪60年代，由于大量农作物歉收，中国全国范围内出现了饥荒，导致许多人生活困苦。袁隆平感到很伤心，并觉得他必须做点什么。)”可知，他希望中国人能够摆脱饥饿。故选D。 50. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world’s first high production hybrid rice (杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu, more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.(袁隆平于1973年成功培育出世界上第一个高产杂交水稻品种，其产量可达每亩500多公斤，比之前提高了200多公斤。在接下来的四十年里，他继续致力于杂交水稻的研究。2020年，他的团队培育的杂交水稻在两个生长季节内实现了每亩1500公斤的产量，创下了新的世界纪录。)”可知，作者主要通过列举具体的数字(如杂交水稻的产量、增长量等)来展示袁隆平在杂交水稻领域的成就。故选A。 51. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice.(从那时起，他与水稻结下了终生的缘分。)”和第三段中“For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice.(在接下来的四十年里，他继续从事杂交水稻的研究。)”可知，袁隆平一旦决定投身于杂交水稻的研究，就坚持不懈地进行了四十多年的研究，并取得了显著的成果。这表明他是一个有决心(determined)且杰出(remarkable)的人。故选C。 52. 主旨大意题。文章从袁隆平的出生、成长、求学经历讲起，一直讲述到他如何因为国家粮食短缺而投身于杂交水稻的研究，以及他在这一领域所取得的成就和对全球粮食安全的贡献。整篇文章主要围绕袁隆平的一生展开，因此选项A“The life of Yuan Longping.(袁隆平的一生)”能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 Passage 14 Albert Einstein (1879 — 1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time. Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D. at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler’s persecution of the Jews. In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relative to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion(运动) is relative and that there is really no such thing as absolute motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity. He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. Towards the end of his life, Einstein was asked by a group of students to explain his complicated Theory of Relativity. He said, “When you sit with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute; but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, it seems like an hour. That is relativity.” 53. In 1933, Einstein went to live in the United States because _________ A. he loved the U.S more than his own country. B. he had got some friends there with whom he could work. C. he wanted to live quietly and happily there. D. he could no longer live in Germany when Hitler came into power. 54. Einstein published his Special Theory of Relativity when he was _________ A. in the United States. B. in Ulm, Germany after he got his Ph. D C. still in Switzerland at the age of twenty six. D. still at the University of Zurich at the age of thirty six. 55. Einstein added that if something such as a ruler was moving, it would seem to get shorter and shorter _________ A. because the ruler itself was short. B. when it was moving faster and faster. C. because we can’t see it clearly. D. because the ruler was broken into pieces. 56. Albert Einstein was world famous for his _________ A. Special Theory of Relativity. B. General Theory of Relativity. C. improving on Newton’s theory of gravity. D. all his work mentioned above. 【答案】53. D 54. C 55. B 56. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Albert Einstein的生平和科学成就。 53. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler’s persecution of the Jews.(1933年，由于纳粹主义在德国的兴起和希特勒对犹太人的迫害，他去了美国。)”可知，1933年，爱因斯坦去了美国，因为希特勒上台后，他不能再住在德国了。故选D。 54. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed.(1905年，当他还在苏黎世的时候，他发表了他的狭义相对论，这是基于每个人都可能注意到的东西。)”和第一段“Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(1879 — 1955)是有史以来最伟大、最具独创性的科学思想家之一。)”可知，他发表狭义相对论时仍然在瑞士，并且那一年他二十六岁。故选C。 55. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light.(他得出的其他一些结论是，没有什么能比光更快，如果像尺子这样的东西运动得越来越快，那么当它的速度接近光速时，它似乎会变得越来越短。)”可知，爱因斯坦补充说，如果像尺子这样的东西在运动，当它运动得越来越快时，它似乎会变得越来越短。故选B。 56. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed.(1905年，当他还在苏黎世的时候，他发表了他的狭义相对论，这是基于每个人都可能注意到的东西。)”，“By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity.(1915年，爱因斯坦发表了他的广义相对论。)”和“He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity.(他还改进了牛顿的引力理论。)”可知，他的出名是因为狭义相对论，广义相对论和对牛顿引力理论的改进。故选D。 Passage 15 Zhang Heng was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer and geographer living AD 100-200 in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He wrote a great deal of literary works, which gained him considerable fame as a young man. He served several positions in the government, but he later refused to serve in the government and spent the rest of life far away from the capital city, where he spent almost all of his time on scientific studies. There were many false scientific theories about the universe and Earth at that time. His theory was looked down upon because it was quite different from what people usually held. His idea of the universe was: the sky is like an egg and the Earth is like the yolk of the egg, floating alone in the centre of the universe. In the year of AD 132, Zhang Heng invented the seismoscope for predicting and measuring earthquakes. Such a device wasn’t created in Europe until 1,600 years later in France. After years of observing the sky, Zhang Heng was able to draw a very detailed map of the stars. His star map showed 124 constellations (星群) with a total of 2,500 stars, 320 of which were bright stars with known names as of today. He also gave proper explanation to the world for the first time on the moon eclipse(月食). Zhang was also a famous and talented poet and wrote more than twenty beautiful poems. He has continued the influence on ancient Chinese culture. His works titled Dong Jing Glimpse and Xi Jing Glimpse have lively described about the local culture and folk art performances in the cities of Xi’an and Luoyang. 57. What is Zhang Heng famous as? A. Astronomer, geographer, poet and mathematician. B. Astronomer, geographer, historian and mathematician. C. Astronomer, mathematician, governor and geographer. D. Astronomer, politician, mathematician and geographer. 58. Why did Zhang Heng’s theory was looked down upon? A. Because his theory was difficult and usual. B. Because his theory about universe was false. C. Because Zhang Heng’s theory was out of ordinary. D. Because some of his theories were absolutely wrong. 59. What can we learn about Zhang Heng from the passage? A. Zhang Heng liked working on scientific studies better. B. Zhang Heng’s idea about the universe was proved wrong. C. Znang Heng named the 320 stars of the 124 constellations. D. Zhang Heng was famous all over the world during his late years. 60. What is this passage mainly about? A. Some of Zhang Heng’s famous theories. B. Some of Zhang Heng’s advanced discoveries. C. An introduction to Zhang Heng’s important explorations. D. An introduction to the ancient Chinese scientist Zhang Heng. 【答案】57. A 58. C 59. A 60. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国东汉时期著名的天文学家、地理学家、文学家和诗人——张衡。 57. 细节理解题。由第一段中“Zhang Heng was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer and geographer living AD 100-200 in the Eastern Han Dynasty. (张衡是中国东汉时期的一位数学家、天文学家和地理学家，生活在公元100年至200年之间)”和最后一段中“Zhang was also a famous and talented poet and wrote more than twenty beautiful poems. (张衡也是一位著名而才华横溢的诗人，写了二十多首美丽的诗)”可知，张衡是一位著名的天文学家、地理学家、诗人和数学家。故选A项。 58. 细节理解题。由第二段中“His theory was looked down upon because it was quite different from what people usually held. (他的理论被轻视，因为它与人们通常持有的观点截然不同)”可知，因为张衡的理论与众不同，所以他的理论受到当时人们的轻视。故选C项。 59. 推理判断题。由第一段中“He served several positions in the government, but he later refused to serve in the government and spent the rest of life far away from the capital city, where he spent almost all of his time on scientific studies. (他曾在政府担任过几个职位，但后来他拒绝在官场任职，并在远离首都的地方度过了余生，在那里他几乎把所有的时间都花在了科学研究上)”可知，张衡不喜名利，后来远离首都，余生几乎所有时间都用于科学研究，可得出他更喜欢从事科学研究。故选A项。 60. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了张衡的生平、成就和对古代中国文化的贡献，D项“中国古代科学家张衡简介”与文意符合。故选D项。 II. 阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·安徽合肥·期末)China’s rural internet development has witnessed remarkable progress. As of June, China had about 285 million internet users living in the rural areas. 1 The number of rural internet users in China has grown by over 30 million in the last few months. 2 For instance, the report stated that the internet was playing a more significant role in the country’s poverty reduction efforts. As of June, relevant activities, online promotion of agricultural products from remote areas had reached more than half of the Chinese Internet users, and more than 34 percent of netizens had bought such products via online platforms. 3 Internet users said they believed the internet would help with the anti-poverty cause through providing jobs, social security and medical service information for the poor and enabling the children in poverty-stricken areas to access better education. Moreover, e-commerce live-streaming grew increasingly active in the first half of the year. 4 It has also become an effective way to promote local agricultural products and boost rural economic development. In conclusion, the development of the internet in rural areas is bringing numerous benefits to both rural residents and the whole country’s poverty alleviation (减轻) work. 5 A. It accounted for over 30 percent of the country’s total. B. People are gradually realizing its importance in different aspects. C. The popularity of e-commerce live-streaming has caught much attention. D. It will show greater potential in promoting rural economic development. E. Many rural areas have started to use the internet to develop their local tourism. F. It has provided a new platform for farmers to sell their products directly to consumers. G. With the increasing number of rural internet users, various positive impacts have emerged. 【答案】1. A 2. G 3. B 4. F 5. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国农村互联网发展的显著进步以及其对农村经济发展和扶贫工作的积极影响。 1. 上文“As of June, China had about 285 million internet users living in the rural areas.(截至6月，中国农村地区约有2.85亿互联网用户)”提供了农村互联网用户的数据。A选项“It accounted for over 30 percent of the country’s total.(它占全国总数的30%以上)”中的“It”指代上文提到的“285 million internet users living in the rural areas”，进一步说明了农村互联网用户在全国总用户中所占的比例。故选A项。 2. 下文“For instance, the report stated that the internet was playing a more significant role in the country’s poverty reduction efforts.(例如，报告指出，互联网在该国的减贫工作中发挥着更重要的作用)”举例说明了互联网在减贫工作中的重要作用。G选项“With the increasing number of rural internet users, various positive impacts have emerged.(随着农村互联网用户数量的增加，各种积极影响也随之出现)”引出下文，说明随着农村互联网用户数量的增加，互联网在农村地区产生了各种积极影响，其中就包括在减贫工作中的作用。故选G项。 3. 下文“Internet users said they believed the internet would help with the anti-poverty cause through providing jobs, social security and medical service information for the poor and enabling the children in poverty-stricken areas to access better education.(网民表示，他们相信互联网将通过为贫困人口提供就业、社会保障和医疗服务信息，以及使贫困地区的儿童获得更好的教育，来帮助扶贫事业)”说明了网民对互联网在扶贫事业中作用的看法。B选项“People are gradually realizing its importance in different aspects.(人们逐渐认识到它在不同方面的重要性)”承上启下，说明人们逐渐认识到互联网在多个方面，包括扶贫事业中的重要性，引出下文网民的具体看法。故选B项。 4. 上文“Moreover, e-commerce live-streaming grew increasingly active in the first half of the year.(此外，上半年电子商务直播越来越活跃)”提到了电子商务直播的活跃发展。F选项“It has provided a new platform for farmers to sell their products directly to consumers.(它为农民提供了一个直接向消费者销售产品的新平台)”中的“It”指代上文提到的“e-commerce live-streaming”，说明电子商务直播为农民提供了一个新的销售平台。下文“It has also become an effective way to promote local agricultural products and boost rural economic development.(它也已成为推广当地农产品和促进农村经济发展的有效途径)”进一步说明了电子商务直播的作用，与F选项语意连贯。故选F项。 5. 上文“In conclusion, the development of the internet in rural areas is bringing numerous benefits to both rural residents and the whole country’s poverty alleviation (减轻) work.(总之，农村互联网的发展给农村居民和全国扶贫工作带来了诸多好处)”总结了农村互联网发展的好处。D选项“It will show greater potential in promoting rural economic development.(它在促进农村经济发展方面将展现出更大的潜力)”承接上文，说明农村互联网在促进农村经济发展方面还有更大的潜力，作为结尾，展望了未来。故选D项。 Passage 2 There are a number of steps you can take to get your smartphone and Internet use under control. While you can start many of these measures yourself, an addiction(成瘾) is hard to beat on your own. Here are some tips on helping you identify your problem areas. Keep a record of when and how much you use your smartphone for non-work activities. 6 . The more you understand your smartphone use, the easier it will be to change your habits and regain control of your time. 7 . Is it when you’re lonely or bored? If you are struggling with stress, for example, your overuse of smartphone might make the matters worse. In this case, find healthier ways of managing your feelings. Understand the difference between interacting (互动) in person and online. Human beings are social creatures. Socially interacting with another person face to face can make you feel calm, safe, and understood. 8 . Besides, online friends can’t visit you when you’re sick, or share a happy moment with you. Build your coping(处理) skills in real life. Perhaps texting is your way of dealing with stress. Or maybe you have trouble relating to others and find it easier to communicate with people online. 9 . Instead, building coping skills in real life will help you weather the stresses of daily life. Improve your support network. Set aside some time each week for friends and family. If you are shy, there are ways to make lasting friends without depending on social media or the Internet. To find people with similar interests, try joining a sports team or book club, or volunteering for a good cause. 10 . A. You should talk to them face to face B. Explain how you feel when using social media C. Find out the reasons why you reach for your phone D. In this way, you can know the time you spend on your phone E. However, online conversation won’t sharpen your coping skills F. Interacting online won’t have the same effect on your well-being G. You’ll be able to interact with others like you, and form friendships 【答案】6. D 7. C 8. F 9. E 10. G 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何摆脱对手机和网络的依赖。 6. 上文“Keep a record of when and how much you use your smartphone for non-work activities. (记录下你何时以及在非工作活动中使用智能手机的次数)”建议记录使用手机的时间和次数，选项D“通过这种方式，你可以知道你花在手机上的时间”承接上文，说明这样做的结果是能够知道花在手机上的时间，符合语境。故选D项。 7. 下文“Is it when you’re lonely or bored? If you are struggling with stress, for example, your overuse of smartphone might make the matters worse. (是孤独还是无聊的时候？例如，如果你正在与压力作斗争，过度使用智能手机可能会使情况变得更糟)”说明孤独或无聊的时候可能会过度使用手机，孤独无聊是使用手机的原因，选项C“找出你想要手机的原因”能够概括下文，用作主题句。故选C项。 8. 上文“Socially interacting with another person face to face can make you feel calm, safe, and understood.(与他人面对面的社交互动可以让你感到平静、安全和被理解)”说明面对面社交互动有优势，下文“Besides, online friends can’t visit you when you’re sick, or share a happy moment with you.(此外，当你生病时，网上朋友不能来看你，也不能和你分享快乐的时刻)”说明网上朋友没有实际作用，选项F“网上互动交友不会对你的健康产生同样的影响”承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。 9. 下文“Instead, building coping skills in real life will help you weather the stresses of daily life.(相反，在现实生活中培养应对技能将帮助你度过日常生活的压力)”说明在现实生活中培养应对技能有优势，选项E“然而， 网上聊天并不能提升你的应对能力”说明网上聊天不能提升应对能力，和下文相关而语义相反。故选E项。 10. 上文“To find people with similar interests, try joining a sports team or book club, or volunteering for a good cause.(要找到有相似兴趣的人，可以尝试加入运动队或读书俱乐部，或者为一项公益事业做志愿者)”给出找到兴趣相似的人所需要的具体建议，选项G“你就能与志同道合的人交往并建立友谊”承接上文，说明这样做的结果是能与兴趣相似的人交往并建立友谊，符合语境。故选G项。 Passage 3 (24-25高一上·江苏南京·阶段练习)Are you having a hard time sticking to your daily schedule? That’s a problem many people have. Here are some tips that might help you. Start with anchor habits. An anchor habit is something you do at a particular time of day that you’re not at risk of skipping. It will help shape and structure your day. 11 Don’t choose something you struggle to get done as an anchor habit. Be very consistent for about three months. A daily schedule is a series of behaviors. Behaviors only become automatic if you keep how, when, and where you do them consistently for about three months. 12 Plan your rewards. Plan rewards and link them to the schedule you’re trying to keep up with in natural ways. Structure rewards around daily tasks, such as watching a video after a period of study and scheduling walks as enjoyable motivations. 13 What do you want to do as a reward either during or after the daily behavior you’re trying to maintain? Use tools to support you. Tools can help you maintain a schedule. Kitchen equipment might help support a cooking schedule. 14 However, keep in mind that these tools don’t magically do the work for you. 15 It’s much harder to keep up any behavior or schedule if it isn’t the norm (常态) for the people around you. Therefore, find a community where the schedule or behaviors you’re trying to maintain are normal and join it. A. Find and join a community. B. Invite the people around you together. C. Get to know yourself and what works for you. D. Hiking equipment might help support an outdoor activity schedule. E. Once they become more automatic, they will take less effort to keep. F. It’s normal that you have no motivation to maintain a daily schedule. G. It doesn’t matter what the habit is, but it should be easy for you to do. 【答案】11. G 12. E 13. C 14. D 15. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一些关于坚持日程安排的建议。 11. 根据下文“Don’t choose something you struggle to get done as an anchor habit. (不要选择你很难完成的事情作为固定习惯)”可推断上文应是选择容易坚持的习惯，所以G选项“习惯是什么并不重要，但它应该是你容易做到的。”符合题意，故选G。 12. 根据上文“Behaviors only become automatic if you keep how, when, and where you do them consistently for about three months.”(行为只有在你连续三个月保持，包括如何做、何时做、何地做时才会变成自动的)可推断接着说这样做的好处。E选项“一旦它们变得更加自动化，就不会花太多的精力去保持它们。”符合题意，故选E。 13. 根据上文“Structure rewards around daily tasks, such as watching a video after a period of study and scheduling walks as enjoyable motivations. (围绕日常任务安排奖励，比如在学习一段时间后看个视频，安排散步作为愉快的动机)”可知是做完计划内任务，可以做一些事情奖励自己，再根据下文“What do you want to do as a reward either during or after the daily behavior you’re trying to maintain? (你想做什么作为奖励，在你试图保持的日常行为期间或之后？)”可推断设空处表示你应该选择奖励的事情，C选项“了解你自己，知道什么适合你。”承上启下，承接上文要进行奖励，引出下文可考虑用什么作为奖励，符合题意，故选C。 14. 根据上文“Use tools to support you. Tools can help you maintain a schedule. Kitchen equipment might help support a cooking schedule. (使用工具来支持你。工具可以帮助你维持一个时间表。厨房设备可能有助于支持烹饪计划)”可知本段主要讲使用工具来支持你的日程安排，D选项“远足装备可能有助于支持户外活动计划。”承接上文的厨房设备有助于支持烹饪计划继续举例说明，符合语境。故选D。 15. 设空处为本段的主旨句。根据下文“It’s much harder to keep up any behavior or schedule if it isn’t the norm (常态) for the people around you. Therefore, find a community where the schedule or behaviors you’re trying to maintain are normal and join it. (对于你周围的人来说，如果你的行为或计划不是常态，你就很难坚持下去。因此，找一个社区，在那里你的时间表或行为是正常的，并加入其中)”可知本段讲述要找个社区并加入它，所以A选项“找到并加入一个社区。”符合本段主旨大意，故选A。 Passage 4 Planning is the golden ticket to your future. A person with a good plan has a map to guide him or her towards the right direction, while a person without any clear plan will wander in the dark. 16 . Here are some ideas on how we can go about planning our lives better. · Time management matters the most. We can have better control of our lives with good time management. If we maintain a diary where we write down plans for all the important tasks we have to do, then there is a good chance that we will carry out the plans in the right manner. 17 . If so, when we wake up the next day, we are clear about what to do with our time that day. · 18 . Good planning can promote goal achievement. First of all, break your goal into small sub-goals to easily achieve it. And work towards the bigger picture. Then consider the risks involved and how much preparation you need to do in advance. When you plan in this way, there are higher chances of succeeding in what you are dreaming of. · Planning helps to focus. Planning helps you improve your focus on your tasks and activities. When you have a clear planning schedule in front of you, you will not waste your time. You will work hard to finish all tasks written on the planner. 19 . · Chaos(混乱) leads to stress. 20 . By planning, you have more control and power over your day. You will know how to take things forward and you will not miss out on anything, unless something uncertain or unforeseen happens. A. Make achieving goals easy B. Choose goals wisely to succeed C. It is best to do it before going to bed at night D. Sometimes we are stressed due to heavy tasks E. So planning helps you focus on what matters most F. That is why all of us must make a habit of planning and stick to it firmly G. This also happens because we don’t plan things or create proper schedules for the day 【答案】16. F 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何更好地规划我们的生活给出了一些建议。 16. 上文“A person with a good plan has a map to guide him or her towards the right direction, while a person without any clear plan will wander in the dark. (一个有良好计划的人有一张地图来指引他或她走向正确的方向，而一个没有明确计划的人将在黑暗中徘徊)”对比了有无规划对人生的影响，F选项“That is why all of us must make a habit of planning and stick to it firmly (这就是为什么我们所有人都必须养成规划的习惯并坚定地坚持它)”承接上文，解释了为什么我们需要养成规划的习惯并坚持，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 17. 上文“If we maintain a diary where we write down plans for all the important tasks we have to do, then there is a good chance that we will carry out the plans in the right manner. (如果我们记日记，把我们必须做的所有重要任务的计划都写下来，那么我们就有很大的机会以正确的方式执行这些计划)”提出了写日记记录计划的方法，C选项“It is best to do it before going to bed at night (最好在晚上睡觉前做这件事)”承接上文，给出了写日记记录计划的最佳时间，即晚上睡觉前，这样第二天就能清楚地知道要如何安排时间，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 18. 设空句是段首小标题。根据下文“Good planning can promote goal achievement. First of all, break your goal into small sub-goals to easily achieve it. And work towards the bigger picture. Then consider the risks involved and how much preparation you need to do in advance. When you plan in this way, there are higher chances of succeeding in what you are dreaming of.(好的计划可以促进目标的实现。首先，把你的目标分解成小的子目标，这样更容易实现。朝着更大的方向努力。然后考虑所涉及的风险以及你需要提前做多少准备。当你以这种方式计划时，你梦想成功的机会就更大)”可知，本段主要介绍了让目标更容易实现的方法，A选项“Make achieving goals easy(让实现目标变得容易)”能够概括本段主题。故选A项。 19. 上文“When you have a clear planning schedule in front of you, you will not waste your time. You will work hard to finish all tasks written on the planner.(当你面前有一个清晰的计划表时，你就不会浪费时间。你会努力完成计划表上写的所有任务)”讲述了规划如何帮助你专注于任务，E选项“So planning helps you focus on what matters most (所以规划可以帮助你专注于最重要的事情)”承接上文，总结规划的作用，即帮助你专注于最重要的事情，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。 20. 下文“By planning, you have more control and power over your day.(通过规划，你可以更好地掌控你的一天)”讲述了规划如何帮助你控制和管理你的日子，D选项“Sometimes we are stressed due to heavy tasks(有时我们因为繁重的任务而感到压力)”引出规划的重要性，同时照应标题“Chaos (混乱) leads to stress.(混乱导致压力)”，上下文衔接自然。故选D项。 Passage 5 Before the Internet The Internet has brought huge changes to the way people interact with each other and how they get their information. However, rather than debate whether life was better or worse before the Internet, 21 . Perhaps it would be interesting to reflect upon some of these differences. Before the Internet, if I needed to know something, 22 . As this process usually required a lot of effort, only the most important topics were worth researching. Nowadays, 23 , much of it trivial(不重要的). I can spend hours jumping from one website or app to another and have nothing to show for it when I have finished! Perhaps the Internet has taken us from knowing a few things in depth to knowing very little about a lot! Before the Internet, 24 . Letter-writing, for example, used to be a joyful “labour of love”; now, it is a skill which is rapidly becoming obsolete(过时的). Letter-writing required care and thought and rewarded the writer with a sense of achievement and expectation. The whole process was an experience to be enjoyed: from choosing the paper to write on, to collecting and organizing thoughts to put onto the paper, to seeing these thoughts take shape in your own handwriting, and ending with a trip to the post office to post the letter. Then, of course, 25 , and, at last, the excitement of hearing the letter box open and the reply drop softly onto the doormat. A. we can certainly say that it was different B. there was the long, expectant wait for the reply C. the pace of modern life has certainly become faster D. the Internet has made a huge difference to people’s lives E. I find myself surfing the Internet for all kinds of information F. life was definitely less frantic (手忙脚乱的) and nobody expected an immediate answer to their message G. it would generally mean a trip to the library or seeking out somebody who knew the answer to my burning question. 【答案】21. A 22. G 23. E 24. F 25. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了互联网出现前后人们的生活变化。 21. 上文“However, rather than debate whether life was better or worse before the Internet(然而，与其争论互联网出现之前的生活是好是坏)”说明没有必要争论生活中有没有互联网的优劣，下文“Perhaps it would be interesting to reflect upon some of these differences.( 也许反思一下这些差异会很有趣。)”提出反思互联网出现前后的生活差异，因此空处应是承上启下，引出互联网带来的生活差异，因此推断项A“我们可以肯定地说，它是不同的”符合语境，故选A。 22. 上文“Before the Internet, if I needed to know something(在互联网出现之前，如果我需要知道些什么)”讲述一种没有互联网，我们想要知道什么，应该怎么做的事情，因此推断G项“这通常意味着去图书馆一趟，或者去找一个知道我迫切需要的问题的答案的人。”符合语境，讲述了一种没有互联网时，想要知道某个东西，需要去图书馆或者问他人。故选G。 23. 下文“I can spend hours jumping from one website or app to another and have nothing to show for it when I have finished!(我可以花几个小时从一个网站或应用程序跳到另一个网站或应用程序，但当我完成时却一无所获！)”讲述作者现在通过互联网搜寻信息，因此推断E项“我发现自己在网上浏览各种信息”符合语境，故选E。 24. 下文“Letter-writing, for example, used to be a joyful “labour of love”; now, it is a skill which is rapidly becoming obsolete (过时的).(例如，写信曾经是一种快乐的“爱的劳动”；现在，它是一种迅速过时的技能。)”列举了过去写信联系的方式，结合空前的“Before the Internet(在互联网出现之前)”可推断F项“生活显然没有那么疯狂，没有人指望他们的信息会立即得到回复”符合语境，下文的例子是对前文的具体解释。故选F。 25. 上文“The whole process was an experience to be enjoyed: from choosing the paper to write on, to collecting and organizing thoughts to put onto the paper, to seeing these thoughts take shape in your own handwriting, and ending with a trip to the post office to post the letter. Then, of course(整个过程是一个值得享受的经历：从选择写的纸，到收集和组织想法，把它们写在纸上，再到看到这些想法在你自己的笔迹中成形，最后到邮局去寄信。然后，当然……)”说明写信联系的过程，空处是寄信后发生的事情，结合下文“and, at last, the excitement of hearing the letter box open and the reply drop softly onto the doormat(最后，听到信箱被打开，回信轻轻地落在门垫上时的兴奋)”可推断空处是等待回信的过程，因此推断B项“等待回信的时间很长，充满了期待”符合语境，故选B。 ( 22 / 32 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world (译林版2020必修第三册) 单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇) I. 阅读理解 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·湖南邵阳·期末)Edward O. Wilson, known as “ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination(着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his Ph. D. from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson’s early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: how ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bert Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects’ social structure that was both valued by scholars and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Bio-geography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson’s most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior. Wilson faced accusations(谴责) for these ideas but his work finally largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status, but friends and colleagues say the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with,” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson’s final advisees. 1. What contributed to Wilson’s passion for ants? A. His accidental disability. B. His boyhood time spent in nature. C. The school education he received. D. The discovery he made about ants. 2. What is Wilson’s first Pulitzer-winning book about? A. The social structure of ants. B. The distribution of different species. C. The role of chemical signals in communication. D. The links between biology and human culture. 3. According to the last paragraph, which word best describes Wilson? A. Modest. B. Confident. C. Well-meaning. D. Independent. 4. What is the best title of this text? A. Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology. B. A Leading Figure in Popular Science. C. The Pioneering “Ant Man”. D. The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner. Passage 2 (24-25高一上·四川绵阳·期末)The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics are awarded to two researchers on Oct. 8, for their foundational discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural(神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore winning the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network (HNN), which explained how neuron systems interact to produce stable memories. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm(算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution began. The Nobel Prize in Physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep learning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations(模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 5. For what were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in Physics? A. They invented artificial neural networks. B. They discovered biological neural networks. C. They both are excellent experts in the field of statistical physics. D. They used methods in physics to study artificial neural networks. 6. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. John Hopfield’s devotion and achievement. B. How modern generative AI revolution began. C. Geoffrey Hinton’s research on neural network. D. The cooperation between John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 7. What has led to the deep learning revolution according to the passage? A. Finding a key algorithm which could select weights. B. Creating a new model that could generate new patterns. C. Finding a way to train multi-layer artificial neural networks. D. Discovering an approach to training artificial neural networks. 8. According to the passage, what is the influence of awarding the prize to Hopfield and Hinton? A. More people will be inspired to study physics. B. Simulations of systems will be faster and more accurate. C. People will employ the development to benefit the Earth. D. Deep learning will play a more important role in our life. Passage 3 (24-25高一上·湖南长沙·期末)Recent research reveals the harmful mental health effects caused by social media use, including increased rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal(与自杀相关的) tendencies and self-harm. Adolescents who spend more than three hours per day on social media face twice the risk of poor mental health outcomes. Addictive feeds — designed to make use of personal data to intensify(增强) users’ content that will keep them on the platform for as long as possible — have dramatically raised the risk to young users’ well-being and made our children addicted to these social media outlets. In the first seven years after addictive feeds were introduced, suicide rates for 10- to 14-year-old girls doubled and hospitalization for suicidal tendencies and attempts increased nearly twice for all adolescents. Instead of responding to the problem, social media have made great efforts to keep and capture user engagement, and the results have been catastrophic. Beyond the direct harm of social media addiction, the collection of children’s data by these giant companies puts our kids at huge risk, leaving them vulnerable(易受伤害的) by having their location and other personal data tracked, shared and sold online. As a consequence, that data is at greater risk of falling into the wrong hands — including. human traffickers, identity thieves and others who might prey on(坑害) young people. We will not stand by and watch an arms race among social media mega-corporations (大型企业) over who can best profit from our children’s pain and addiction. That is why we should use and are using every tool at our fingertips to fight back against these damaging practices: from the courthouse to the statehouse. 9. What can we learn about addictive feeds? A. They are food that can easily satisfy people. B. They are Internet content that can get people addicted. C. They are kept on the platform just for a short period of time. D. They are personal data stored on the Internet for convenience. 10. Which word can best replace the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 4? A. destructive B. positive C. unique D. effective 11. Which of the following best describes the author’s purpose in mentioning statistics such as “suicide rates for 10 - to 14-year-old girls doubled”? A. To create an emotional response in the reader. B. To show how effective social media has become at keeping users engaged. C. To offer a balanced view of the effects of social media on young people. D. To provide evidence that supports the argument about social media’s harmful effects. 12. What can we learn from the last paragragh? A. It emphasizes the author’s support for social media companies. B. It describes positive effects of social media on children’s well-being. C. It explains how social media companies can address the mental health issues. D. It calls for increased control on social media companies to protect young users. Passage 4 (24-25高一上·湖南长沙·期末)Edward O. Wilson, known as “the ant man”, was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. His parents divorced when he was young, and he moved frequently throughout his childhood. Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife. One of these adventures left him partly blind, but they also set off his lifelong fascination(着迷) with ants and their social structures. Wilson earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Alabama. In 1955, he received his PhD from Harvard and worked there until retirement. Wilson's early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959: How ants communicate through the release of chemical signals. Later, in 1990, Wilson and German biologist Bent Holldobler published their Pulitzer-winning The Ants. It detailed the insects' social structure that was both valued by entomologists(昆虫学者) and accessible to general readers. Another of Wilson’s major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur. The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography, where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species. What many consider to be Wilson's most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. The work explored the genetic and evolutionary roots of animal behaviour and argued that genes shaped human behaviour. Wilson faced accusations(谴责) for these ideas but finally his work largely proved true. In 1978, his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture ended in On Human Nature, which won him a Pulitzer in 1979. Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books. He received more than 150 awards and honours from around the world. These accomplishments offered him a type of academic superstar status, but friends and colleagues said the polite Southerner remained down to earth. “One of the qualities I really admired about Professor Wilson was his ability to really listen to and engage with whomever he was interacting with, ” said Corrie S. Moreau, who was one of Wilson's final advisees. 13. What contributed to Wilson's passion for ants? A. His accidental disability. B. The discovery he made about ants. C. The school education he received. D. His boyhood spent in nature. 14. What is the book On Human Nature about? A. The social structure of ants. B. The distribution of different species. C. The links between biology and human culture. D. The role of chemical signals in communication. 15. According to Wilson's friends and colleagues, which word can best describe him? A. Warm-hearted B. Modest. C. Independent. D. Honest. 16. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To promote Wilson's most popular books. B. To explain the social behavior of ants in detail. C. To highlight the challenges Wilson faced in his personal life. D. To introduce the life and key achievements of Wilson. Passage 5 Two researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics on Oct. 8, 2024, for their pioneering work in the field of artificial neural(神经的) networks. Though artificial neural networks are modeled on biological neural networks, both researchers’ work drew on statistical physics, therefore the prize in physics. The physicist John Hopfield used ideas from physics to study a particular type of neural network, now called the Hopfield network. In particular, he studied what happens to the network over time. During the 1980s, Geoffrey Hinton and his colleagues built on Hopfield’s ideas to create a new class of model. Unlike Hopfield networks that could store patterns and correct errors in patterns, the new model could generate new patterns, thereby planting the seeds of the modern generative AI revolution. Hinton was also part of another breakthrough that happened in the 1980s, which is a key algorithm(算法) that makes it possible to select weights based on the performance of the network on a training data set. However, it remained challenging to train artificial neural networks with many layers. In the 2000s, Hinton and his co-workers cleverly discovered an approach, and the deep learning revolution had begun. The Nobel Prize in physics shows how ideas from physics contributed to the rise of deep earning. Now deep learning has begun to pay back to physics by enabling accurate and fast simulations(模拟) of systems ranging from molecules and materials all the way to the entire Earth’s climate. By awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton, the prize committee has signaled its hope in humanity’s potential to use these advances to promote human well-being and to build a sustainable world. 17. Why were the two scientists awarded the Noble Prize in physics? A. They discovered neural networks. B. They invented artificial neural networks. C. They are excellent experts in statistical physics. D. They used methods in physics to study artificial neural networks. 18. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Geoffrey Hinton’s research. B. John Hopfield’s achievement. C. How modern generative AI revolution began. D. The cooperation between John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton. 19. What has led to the deep learning revolution according to the passage? A. Deciding on a training data set. B. Training artificial neural networks. C. Hinton’s breakthrough in the 1980s. D. Finding a way to train multi-layer artificial neural networks. 20. What may be the influence of awarding the Nobel Prize in physics to Hopfield and Hinton? A. Simulations of systems will be more accurate. B. People will employ the development to benefit the Earth. C. More people will be interested in studying physics. D. Deep learning will play a more important role in our life. Passage 6 Role models are powerful. No matter what stage of life you’re at, it’s good to have someone who encourages you to be the best version of yourself. Recent winners of national prizes mean we have a wider range of possible role models. As part of the celebration of the 70th anniversary(周年纪念日)of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, 42 people were awarded the Medal of the People’s Republic of China, the Friendship Medal of the People’s Republic of China and national honorary titles on 17 September. Recipients(领奖者)come from various backgrounds, including scientists, educators, artists, model workers etc. All have made big contributions to our nation’s construction and development. Chinese scientist Tu Youyou is one of the eight who were awarded the Medal of the People’s Republic of China. Tu, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize for her discovery of the malaria drug artemisinin(青蒿素), is the f irst Chinese person to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She has saved millions of lives worldwide. She has also made important scientif ic innovation (创新)in traditional Chinese medicine. Tu is not the only one who has given her life to the country’s development. Nan Rendong, before his death in 2017, led the research and development of China’s Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, the world’s largest radio telescope. He worked on the project for more than 20 years. The facility he designed helps humans’ search for extraterrestrial civilizations (外星文明)and marked a Chinese technological milestone. Thanks to the great efforts made by these great f igures, we can live in a prosperous and peaceful country. Hopefully these role models can also light the way for future nation building. 21. What’s the main purpose of the article? A. To express thanks to national heroes. B. To tell readers what makes a good role model. C. To describe the national honorary titles awarded recently. D. To introduce some of the people who won national awards. 22. What do we know about Tu Youyou? A. She is the only woman to be awarded the Medal of the People’s Republic of China. B. She won a Nobel Prize for her discovery of artemisinin in 2017. C. She has helped millions of people around the world defeat malaria. D. She has helped traditional Chinese medicine gain popularity worldwide. 23. Nan Rendong was awarded for his contributions in the field of ________. A. medicine. B. agriculture. C. astronomy. D. education. Passage 7 (24-25高一上·山东滨州·阶段练习)The Internet is often used to buy and sell products, pay bills, and communicate with people. But how safe is it when you use the Internet? Our magazine Interactions asked some Internet users about their experiences. Linda, 29, nurse: I pay all my bills online. One day, I received an email from my bank. It told me that someone was trying to take out money from my account(账号), so I should email my password(密码) to the “bank manager” I felt something was wrong, so I called my bank and asked about the email. The bank said they never sent it. I realised that someone tried to cheat(欺骗) me of my money. I’ll continue paying my bills this way, but I’ll be more careful. Emily, 22, office worker: I was at work, and I sent an email to a friend of mine. I was telling her about my problems with Mark, the manager. A few minutes later, a friend of Mark’s came over to my desk. He said, “So you think Mark is too strict?” My face was red. I chose the wrong name on my address list. It was my own fault, so I’ll look over my emails more carefully before I click “Send” next time. Thomas, 21, university student: I love the Internet! I look up lots of information online. I often buy things on the websites-furniture, clothes, CDs, even foods. I have also sold some of my things on the Internet. I only use the websites I trust and I’ve never had a safety problem. 24. Where is the passage taken from? A. A diary. B. A novel. C. A magazine. D. A history book. 25. Linda probably got the email from a person who ________. A. refused to lend money to her B. asked about her experiences C. sold things to her on the websites D. tried to cheat her of her money 26. The word “fault” in Paragraph3 means “________”. A. project B. mistake C. advantage D. plan 27. Who shared enjoyable experiences according to the passage? A. Linda. B. Emily. C. Mark. D. Thomas. 28. What is the best title of the passage? A. The Internet: How Safe Is It? B. The Bank: How Useful Is It? C. The Website: How Cheap Is It? D. The Magazine: How Amazing Is It? Passage 8 Peng Shilu was born in a family of heroes in Haifeng, Guangdong in 1925. When he was less than five years old, his parents died. The young boy was taken care of and protected by the poor, and he moved between different families and lived a difficult life. The people’s kindness influenced him deeply at his early age. In 1940, Peng Shilu was taken to Chongqing. Later, with the help of the CPC(中国共产党), he went to study in Yan’an. In 1951, he went abroad to learn chemical engineering. When he completed his studies, he got an excellent grade. In 1956, Peng Shilu was asked, “Are you willing to change your research field?” “Of course, as long as the motherland has a need!” With the strong belief(信念), Peng Shilu began to study nuclear power(核能) at once. In the early 1960s, China’s development of nuclear submarines(核潜艇) was almost a “blank”. Peng Shilu and other scientists were learning, exploring and practicing. In 1970, China’s first nuclear submarine was built. In 1974, China became the fifth country in the world to have a nuclear submarine. Peng Shilu worked very hard. He spent all his life on nuclear power. “I have only done two things in my life. One is to build nuclear submarines and the other is to build nuclear power stations,” said Peng Shilu. He died on March 22, 2021, at the age of 96. As a pioneer in nuclear power, he is remembered by the people and the country. On March 3, 2022, he was named “Touching China’s Figure of the Year 2021”. 29. What influenced Peng Shilu deeply at his early age? A. The scientists’ spirit. B. The people’s kindness. C. The teachers’ words. D. The parents’ words. 30. Why did Peng Shilu change his research field? A. The field was easier. B. He wanted to be famous. C. The motherland had a need. D. He wanted to get much money. 31. When was China’s first nuclear submarine built? A. In 1970 B. In 1956 C. In 1940 D. 1974 32. What’s the best title for the text? A. A Pioneer in Nuclear Power. B. A Suggestion for Further Study. C. A Study on the History of the CPC. D. A Life of the poor people. Passage 9 John B. Goodenough, whose last name suitably translates to “good enough” in English. Born in 1922, Goodenough was awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry at the age of 97 for his work on lithium-ion batteries(锂电池), which have revolutionized the way we power our world. Goodenough’s journey to this great achievement was far from straightforward. He served in World War II before pursuing his Ph. D. in mathematics at the age of 30. It wasn’t until he was 54 that Goodenough began his research on batteries, a field he would come to lead. Despite facing numerous challenges, including reading difficulties, Goodenough’s pursuit of knowledge led him to make groundbreaking discoveries. His work on cobalt oxide cathodes(氧化钴阴极) contributed to the creation of batteries that could store more energy and be recharged more efficiently. Not to rest on his achievements, Goodenough continued to challenge the limits of battery technology. At the age of 75, he developed lithium iron phosphate, a cheaper and more stable cathode material that is now widely used in electric vehicles. Even at 94, he was not done, as he worked on developing solid-state batteries, which promise even greater energy density and safety. Goodenough’s professional attitude, described by some as working “from Monday morning to Sunday night, ” reflects his devotion to science. Goodenough gave up many nights with his children and missed important events in order to focus on his studies. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my children and experiments, ” he said. This brief account of John B. Goodenough’s life and achievements highlights that age is no barrier to achieving success with determination and a passion for discovery. The journey of a man who has devoted his life to science has left a lasting impression on the world for his contributions to energy technology. 33. Why did Goodenough receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? A. His work on new energy technology. B. His research on lithium-ion batteries. C. His invention of new battery materials. D. His development of solid-state batteries. 34. Which of the followings did Goodenough do before the age of thirty? A. He made many great discoveries. B. He began his research on batteries. C. He pursued Ph. D. in mathematics. D. He became a soldier in World War II. 35. What did Goodenough have to give up to attain his achievements? A. His health. B. His time with family. C. His safety. D. His chance to travel. 36. What is the best title for the text? A. Time Is Valuable for A Scientist. B. Education Is the Key to Success. C. Passion Is Worth It in the Long Run. D. It Is Never Too Old to Make Contributions. Passage 10 China’s technique of growing Juncao, the herbal plant used in the growing of edible mushrooms, has contributed to global poverty reduction, agronomist Lin Zhanxi said at the Delegates’ Passage before the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on Oct.16, 2022. “We offer training at home and abroad, send our experts to teach local farmers, and we do serve them heart and soul as our brothers,” said Lin, the chief scientist of the National Juncao Technology Research Center and a professor at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, who discovered and shares this mushroom-growing technology beyond China for years. The technique was later promoted from East China’s Fujian province to other areas in the country and has even reached countries across the world. As a fungi (真菌) expert, Lin said he first came up with the idea of using Juncao grass instead of wood for producing mushrooms in the 1970s. In 1971, Lin was the first person to suggest the idea of cultivating edible fungi in chopped-up wild grass. After an investigation in rural areas in Fujian province in 1983, he decided to do research to put his idea into practice. At the end of 1986, Lin saw the first Juncao mushroom growing in his laboratory. Since then, Lin and his team have developed the technology by using 45 different kinds of grasses as Juncao fungi grass. Juncao moved 17,700 farmers out of poverty in Northwest China’s Ningxia Hui autonomous region. The technique has been promoted to 106 countries and regions around the world. Twenty years ago, villagers in the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea began to learn this modern biological technology with the help of Chinese agronomists. After the experimental planting of Juncao grass was successful in Papua New Guinea, villagers shouted “Juncao, China!” to express their excitement, Lin said. Many people in the South Pacific, Latin America and African countries have shaken off poverty through growing Juncao grass and mushrooms, he added. More than 12,000 Chinese experts have been trained to promote the technique worldwide, contributing Chinese wisdom to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, Lin said. 37. What is the most important contribution Juncao technology made to the world? A. It helped 17,700 farmers out of poverty. B. It promoted mushroom-growing technology. C. It is helping to reduce poverty in the whole world. D. It provided farmers worldwide with training chances. 38. Which of the following words can best describe Lin Zhanxi? A. Devoted and helpful. B. Generous and warm-hearted. C. Unselfish and independent. D. Honest and intelligent. 39. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The developing process of Juncao technology. B. The investigation of Juncao technology. C. The promotion of Juncao technology. D. The theory of Juncao/technology. 40. What is the villagers’ attitude towards growing Juncao? A. Uncaring. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Opposing. Passage 11 As a student absorbed in the story of chemistry, William Perkin succeeded in entering Royal College of Chemistry in 1853, at the age of 15. At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the college was headed by the famous German chemist August Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune. During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family’s house, attempting to produce quinine, the only practical medical treatment for malaria at that time. Despite his best efforts,however,he did not end up with quinine. Instead,he produced a mysterious dark sludge(淤渣). Luckily,Perkin’s scientific training and nature inspired him to investigate the substance further and he finally produced a deep purple solution, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected finding. Historically, textile dyes(染料) were made from such natural sources as plants and animals. The purple colour obtained from a snail was once so expensive that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’s discovery was made. Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour cloth, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting(申请专利) it. He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that producing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not disappear gradually) and the cost was relatively low. So, in spite of the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour amazed her. Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Artificial dyes continue to play a critical role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria. 41. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Hofmann? A. He failed to produce the drug against malaria. B. He appreciated Perkin’s talent as a young chemist. C. Perkin’s achievement made him rich and famous. D. His presence contributed a lot to Perkin’s enrollment. 42. Regarding Perkin’s deep purple solution, it can be inferred that_________ A. it was too expensive to be afforded by ordinary people B. it was the only solution to an infectious disease at that time C. people had no access to purple before its intention by Perkin D. Perkin couldn’t have achieved it without experience at college 43. The underlined word “backdrop” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A. backup B. downfall C. challenge D. background 44. What is the best title for the passage? A. William Petkin, the pioneer of artificial dyes B. William Perkin, the talent in fashion design C. William Perkin, the fighter against malaria D. William Perkin, the father of modern chemistry Passage 12 WHAT are scientists? They are often described as gray-haired white-coated dull scholars. But the world has changed. Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage. This is also true in China. Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor Liu Mingzhen, and biologist Wan Ruixue. At the age of 28 in 2018, Wan Ruixue received the 2018 Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists. This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers. She focuses mainly on biomedicine and artificial intelligence. “Both are cutting-edge(前沿) technologies at an early stage of development,” she said. “So, I think they have great potential to be developed. I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line. And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader.” She felt it was her fate to become a biologist. “I grew interested in the natural world, when I was very young,” she said. In 2009, she entered Sun Yat-sen University. In her third year at the university, she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine. So she emailed China’s top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University. Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her. Years of efforts at the lab paid off. Her research on the high-definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough. Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad, Wan currently has no plan to go overseas. “The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China,” she said, adding the country has great science facilities. She is just an example of the new generation of young scientists in China, and we have every reason to believe that with their advances, there is great potential for future development of cutting-edge technologies in China. 45. What does the underlined word “releasing” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Finding out. B. Getting over. C. Taking over. D. Giving out. 46. What does Wan Ruixue feel about the study of cutting-edge technologies in China? A. Confident. B. Satisfied. C. Anxious. D. Disappointed. 47. What can we learn about Wan Ruixue’s journey of becoming a biologist? A. She thinks it’s boring but worth trying. B. She finds it’s easier than she expected. C. Her contribution has been recognized. D. She became interested in the natural world at college. 48. Which can be the best title of the text? A. Wan Ruixue: A Successful Young Scientist B. Rising Young Scientists in China C. New Image of Chinese Scientists D. China’s Breakthrough in Science Passage 13 On September 7, 1930, Yuan Longping was born in Beijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche’s works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English, geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside of Hunan in 1953. With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hit China in the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate in Hunan was not friendly to growing wheat, he decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice. Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world’s first high production hybrid rice(杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu, more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record. Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half of China’s rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production in China. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds, the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people. In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of hybrid rice”, was awarded with Medal of the Republic, China’s highest honor. Yuan Longping’s biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries, including the USA, Brazil and India. 49. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text? A. He began to study hybrid rice in 1973. B. He received the highest honor in China at 90. C. He ever taught math in the city after graduation. D. He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger. 50. How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice? A. By listing figures. B. By quoting reports. C. By imagining results. D. By explaining reasons. 51. Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text? A. Patient and honest. B. Energetic and doubtful. C. Determined and remarkable. D. Humorous and adventurous. 52. What is the text mainly about? A. The life of Yuan Longping. B. The comment on Yuan Longping. C. The honor of Yuan Longping. D. The study of Yuan Longping. Passage 14 Albert Einstein (1879 — 1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time. Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D. at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler’s persecution of the Jews. In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relative to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion(运动) is relative and that there is really no such thing as absolute motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity. He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity. Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. Towards the end of his life, Einstein was asked by a group of students to explain his complicated Theory of Relativity. He said, “When you sit with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute; but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, it seems like an hour. That is relativity.” 53. In 1933, Einstein went to live in the United States because _________ A. he loved the U.S more than his own country. B. he had got some friends there with whom he could work. C. he wanted to live quietly and happily there. D. he could no longer live in Germany when Hitler came into power. 54. Einstein published his Special Theory of Relativity when he was _________ A. in the United States. B. in Ulm, Germany after he got his Ph. D C. still in Switzerland at the age of twenty six. D. still at the University of Zurich at the age of thirty six. 55. Einstein added that if something such as a ruler was moving, it would seem to get shorter and shorter _________ A. because the ruler itself was short. B. when it was moving faster and faster. C. because we can’t see it clearly. D. because the ruler was broken into pieces. 56. Albert Einstein was world famous for his _________ A. Special Theory of Relativity. B. General Theory of Relativity. C. improving on Newton’s theory of gravity. D. all his work mentioned above. Passage 15 Zhang Heng was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer and geographer living AD 100-200 in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He wrote a great deal of literary works, which gained him considerable fame as a young man. He served several positions in the government, but he later refused to serve in the government and spent the rest of life far away from the capital city, where he spent almost all of his time on scientific studies. There were many false scientific theories about the universe and Earth at that time. His theory was looked down upon because it was quite different from what people usually held. His idea of the universe was: the sky is like an egg and the Earth is like the yolk of the egg, floating alone in the centre of the universe. In the year of AD 132, Zhang Heng invented the seismoscope for predicting and measuring earthquakes. Such a device wasn’t created in Europe until 1,600 years later in France. After years of observing the sky, Zhang Heng was able to draw a very detailed map of the stars. His star map showed 124 constellations (星群) with a total of 2,500 stars, 320 of which were bright stars with known names as of today. He also gave proper explanation to the world for the first time on the moon eclipse(月食). Zhang was also a famous and talented poet and wrote more than twenty beautiful poems. He has continued the influence on ancient Chinese culture. His works titled Dong Jing Glimpse and Xi Jing Glimpse have lively described about the local culture and folk art performances in the cities of Xi’an and Luoyang. 57. What is Zhang Heng famous as? A. Astronomer, geographer, poet and mathematician. B. Astronomer, geographer, historian and mathematician. C. Astronomer, mathematician, governor and geographer. D. Astronomer, politician, mathematician and geographer. 58. Why did Zhang Heng’s theory was looked down upon? A. Because his theory was difficult and usual. B. Because his theory about universe was false. C. Because Zhang Heng’s theory was out of ordinary. D. Because some of his theories were absolutely wrong. 59. What can we learn about Zhang Heng from the passage? A. Zhang Heng liked working on scientific studies better. B. Zhang Heng’s idea about the universe was proved wrong. C. Znang Heng named the 320 stars of the 124 constellations. D. Zhang Heng was famous all over the world during his late years. 60. What is this passage mainly about? A. Some of Zhang Heng’s famous theories. B. Some of Zhang Heng’s advanced discoveries. C. An introduction to Zhang Heng’s important explorations. D. An introduction to the ancient Chinese scientist Zhang Heng. II. 阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 (24-25高一上·安徽合肥·期末)China’s rural internet development has witnessed remarkable progress. As of June, China had about 285 million internet users living in the rural areas. 1 The number of rural internet users in China has grown by over 30 million in the last few months. 2 For instance, the report stated that the internet was playing a more significant role in the country’s poverty reduction efforts. As of June, relevant activities, online promotion of agricultural products from remote areas had reached more than half of the Chinese Internet users, and more than 34 percent of netizens had bought such products via online platforms. 3 Internet users said they believed the internet would help with the anti-poverty cause through providing jobs, social security and medical service information for the poor and enabling the children in poverty-stricken areas to access better education. Moreover, e-commerce live-streaming grew increasingly active in the first half of the year. 4 It has also become an effective way to promote local agricultural products and boost rural economic development. In conclusion, the development of the internet in rural areas is bringing numerous benefits to both rural residents and the whole country’s poverty alleviation (减轻) work. 5 A. It accounted for over 30 percent of the country’s total. B. People are gradually realizing its importance in different aspects. C. The popularity of e-commerce live-streaming has caught much attention. D. It will show greater potential in promoting rural economic development. E. Many rural areas have started to use the internet to develop their local tourism. F. It has provided a new platform for farmers to sell their products directly to consumers. G. With the increasing number of rural internet users, various positive impacts have emerged. Passage 2 There are a number of steps you can take to get your smartphone and Internet use under control. While you can start many of these measures yourself, an addiction(成瘾) is hard to beat on your own. Here are some tips on helping you identify your problem areas. Keep a record of when and how much you use your smartphone for non-work activities. 6 . The more you understand your smartphone use, the easier it will be to change your habits and regain control of your time. 7 . Is it when you’re lonely or bored? If you are struggling with stress, for example, your overuse of smartphone might make the matters worse. In this case, find healthier ways of managing your feelings. Understand the difference between interacting (互动) in person and online. Human beings are social creatures. Socially interacting with another person face to face can make you feel calm, safe, and understood. 8 . Besides, online friends can’t visit you when you’re sick, or share a happy moment with you. Build your coping(处理) skills in real life. Perhaps texting is your way of dealing with stress. Or maybe you have trouble relating to others and find it easier to communicate with people online. 9 . Instead, building coping skills in real life will help you weather the stresses of daily life. Improve your support network. Set aside some time each week for friends and family. If you are shy, there are ways to make lasting friends without depending on social media or the Internet. To find people with similar interests, try joining a sports team or book club, or volunteering for a good cause. 10 . A. You should talk to them face to face B. Explain how you feel when using social media C. Find out the reasons why you reach for your phone D. In this way, you can know the time you spend on your phone E. However, online conversation won’t sharpen your coping skills F. Interacting online won’t have the same effect on your well-being G. You’ll be able to interact with others like you, and form friendships Passage 3 (24-25高一上·江苏南京·阶段练习)Are you having a hard time sticking to your daily schedule? That’s a problem many people have. Here are some tips that might help you. Start with anchor habits. An anchor habit is something you do at a particular time of day that you’re not at risk of skipping. It will help shape and structure your day. 11 Don’t choose something you struggle to get done as an anchor habit. Be very consistent for about three months. A daily schedule is a series of behaviors. Behaviors only become automatic if you keep how, when, and where you do them consistently for about three months. 12 Plan your rewards. Plan rewards and link them to the schedule you’re trying to keep up with in natural ways. Structure rewards around daily tasks, such as watching a video after a period of study and scheduling walks as enjoyable motivations. 13 What do you want to do as a reward either during or after the daily behavior you’re trying to maintain? Use tools to support you. Tools can help you maintain a schedule. Kitchen equipment might help support a cooking schedule. 14 However, keep in mind that these tools don’t magically do the work for you. 15 It’s much harder to keep up any behavior or schedule if it isn’t the norm (常态) for the people around you. Therefore, find a community where the schedule or behaviors you’re trying to maintain are normal and join it. A. Find and join a community. B. Invite the people around you together. C. Get to know yourself and what works for you. D. Hiking equipment might help support an outdoor activity schedule. E. Once they become more automatic, they will take less effort to keep. F. It’s normal that you have no motivation to maintain a daily schedule. G. It doesn’t matter what the habit is, but it should be easy for you to do. Passage 4 Planning is the golden ticket to your future. A person with a good plan has a map to guide him or her towards the right direction, while a person without any clear plan will wander in the dark. 16 . Here are some ideas on how we can go about planning our lives better. · Time management matters the most. We can have better control of our lives with good time management. If we maintain a diary where we write down plans for all the important tasks we have to do, then there is a good chance that we will carry out the plans in the right manner. 17 . If so, when we wake up the next day, we are clear about what to do with our time that day. · 18 . Good planning can promote goal achievement. First of all, break your goal into small sub-goals to easily achieve it. And work towards the bigger picture. Then consider the risks involved and how much preparation you need to do in advance. When you plan in this way, there are higher chances of succeeding in what you are dreaming of. · Planning helps to focus. Planning helps you improve your focus on your tasks and activities. When you have a clear planning schedule in front of you, you will not waste your time. You will work hard to finish all tasks written on the planner. 19 . · Chaos(混乱) leads to stress. 20 . By planning, you have more control and power over your day. You will know how to take things forward and you will not miss out on anything, unless something uncertain or unforeseen happens. A. Make achieving goals easy B. Choose goals wisely to succeed C. It is best to do it before going to bed at night D. Sometimes we are stressed due to heavy tasks E. So planning helps you focus on what matters most F. That is why all of us must make a habit of planning and stick to it firmly G. This also happens because we don’t plan things or create proper schedules for the day Passage 5 Before the Internet The Internet has brought huge changes to the way people interact with each other and how they get their information. However, rather than debate whether life was better or worse before the Internet, 21 . Perhaps it would be interesting to reflect upon some of these differences. Before the Internet, if I needed to know something, 22 . As this process usually required a lot of effort, only the most important topics were worth researching. Nowadays, 23 , much of it trivial(不重要的). I can spend hours jumping from one website or app to another and have nothing to show for it when I have finished! Perhaps the Internet has taken us from knowing a few things in depth to knowing very little about a lot! Before the Internet, 24 . Letter-writing, for example, used to be a joyful “labour of love”; now, it is a skill which is rapidly becoming obsolete(过时的). Letter-writing required care and thought and rewarded the writer with a sense of achievement and expectation. The whole process was an experience to be enjoyed: from choosing the paper to write on, to collecting and organizing thoughts to put onto the paper, to seeing these thoughts take shape in your own handwriting, and ending with a trip to the post office to post the letter. Then, of course, 25 , and, at last, the excitement of hearing the letter box open and the reply drop softly onto the doormat. A. we can certainly say that it was different B. there was the long, expectant wait for the reply C. the pace of modern life has certainly become faster D. the Internet has made a huge difference to people’s lives E. I find myself surfing the Internet for all kinds of information F. life was definitely less frantic (手忙脚乱的) and nobody expected an immediate answer to their message G. it would generally mean a trip to the library or seeking out somebody who knew the answer to my burning question. ( 18 / 18 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$