Unit2 Natural disasters Grammar(分层练习)-【上好课】2024-2025学年高一英语同步精品课堂（译林版2020必修第三册）

2025学年高一年级英语同步精品课堂（译林版） Unit 2 Natural Disasters Grammar（解析版） 一、单项选择 1．I returned to the cinema to look for my lost belongings, only ________ it was closed. A．finding B．found C．to find D．to have found 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我回到电影院去找我丢失的东西，却发现电影院关门了。“only _____ it was closed”作结果状语，only to do表示“出乎意料的结果”，find(发现)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，用only to find。故选C项。 2．The first landmark my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost. A．to be caught B．to catch C．to have been caught D．to be catching 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：第一个吸引我眼球的地标是壮丽的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的桥，建在永久冻土上。分析句子结构，这里“ my eye”是后置定语，修饰 “the first landmark”。当名词前有序数词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语。landmark 与catch是主动关系，不用被动形式，所以AC选项不符合，D选项为动词不定式的进行式，表示“正在做某事”，不符合这里的语境。故选B项。 3．Here is a piece of paper for you __________. A．to write B．to write with C．to write on D．to write in 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这里有一张纸给你写字用。A. to write去写；B. to write with用……(工具)写；C. to write on在……上写；D. to write in用某种语言/材料写。结合句意，此处表示“在纸上写”用write on，与前文的a piece of paper构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用不定式短语修饰名词。故选C。 4．He rushed to the airport, only that the plane had already taken off. A．to tell B．told C．to be told D．being told 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知飞机已经起飞。此处为only to do sth.，不定式作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，且tell与he为被动关系，故用to be done形式。故选C。 5．The new international airport ______ into use in 2029 will serve 72 million passengers annually. A．being put B．to be put C．put D．putting 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：新的国际机场将于2029年投入使用，每年服务7200万旅客。本句谓语为will serve，空格处需用非谓语动词形式。The new international airport与put into use“投入使用”为被动关系，且机场的投入使用发生在将来，需用不定式的被动形式to be put，作后置定语。故选B。 6．It’s rather satisfying to see young people take responsibility _______ good deeds, making this world a better place to live in. A．to spread B．spread C．spreading D．spreads 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到年轻人承担起传播善行的责任，使这个世界成为一个更美好的居住地，这是相当令人满意的。此处名词responsibility后跟不定式作后置定语。故选A。 7．There are still many problems _______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A．solving B．solved C．be solved D．to be solved 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们准备在月球上长期停留之前，还有许多问题需要解决。此处表示尚未发生的事，且solve与problems之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此要用不定式的被动形式作后置定语。故选D。 8．It was ______ creative thinking that I took the course, not to get high marks in examinations. A．developing B．to develop C．develop D．to have developed 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我选修这门课程是为了培养创造性思维，而不是为了在考试中取得高分。空白处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”，陈述一般情况，用不定式的一半时。故选B项。 9．In 1938, Pearl Buck became the first American woman ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature. A．to receive B．to be receiving C．receiving D．received 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1938年，赛珍珠成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性。本句谓语为became，此处为非谓语动词，且American woman与receive“获得，收到”之间为主动关系，且American woman有序数词修饰，本空用不定式，作定语。故选A。 10． late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．To be slept 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了下午多睡一会，Bob把闹钟关掉了。设空处作目的状语，应用不定式，且sleep是主动动作，故选A。 11．That football is such a simple game ________ is perhaps the basis of its popularity. A．to play B．to be played C．playing D．played 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：足球是一项如此简单的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的基础。句子中有谓语，前后无连词，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词game，动词play和所修饰词game是动宾关系，应用不定式作后置定语，主动表被动。故选A。 12．I’ll always appreciate ________ my parents did ________ me to a key university. A．which; send B．what; send C．what; to send D．which; to send 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句和非谓语动词。句意：我将永远感激父母为送我去一所重点大学所做的一切。空1引导宾语从句，从句中did缺少宾语，用what引导，表示“……的事”；空2处为非谓语动词，表示“为了”用动词不定式to send作目的状语。故选C。 二、单句语法填空 1．He would like to start early (avoid) the rush hour traffic. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to avoid 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他想早点出发以避开高峰时间的交通。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to avoid。 2． (learn) English well, I must work harder at it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To learn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了学好英语，我必须更加努力地学习它。“学好英语”是“我必须更加努力学习它”的目的，用动词不定式to learn作目的状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填To learn。 3．The organization’s mission is to create a platform where individuals from diverse backgrounds can come together to (social), exchange ideas, and collaborate. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】socialize/socialise 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该组织的使命是创建一个平台，让来自不同背景的人可以聚集在一起进行社交、交流思想和合作。空处位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形socialize/socialise构成动词不定式作目的状语。故填socialize/socialise。 4．Sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down. Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something, only (forget) what you wanted when you got there? This is called “The Doorway Effect”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to forget 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时甚至我们的短期记忆也会让我们失望。你有没有过走进一个房间去拿东西，结果到了那里却忘了自己想要什么的经历？这被称为“门口效应”。结合句意，“(forget) what you wanted when you got there”表示出乎意料的结果，作结果状语，forget是非谓语动词；动词不定式(only) to do常用于表示出乎意料的结果，意为“却……”。故填to forget。 5．Young people must study hard to improve the economy and (strength) our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：年轻人必须努力学习以改善经济并加强我们的国家。作谓语动词，需用动词形式strengthen，与improve并列，保持句子结构一致，用不定式作目的状语。故填strengthen。 6．If you take an online course, what can you do to (sure) the best possible grade?(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ensure 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：如果你参加了一个在线课程，你能做些什么来确保最好的成绩呢？空处位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形，sure的动词形式为ensure。故填ensure。 7． (enjoy) a grander sight, you must climb to a greater height. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To enjoy 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要看更壮观的景色，你必须爬到更高的高度。此处enjoy在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，首字母大写。故填To enjoy。 8．In order to (memory) these words, he is buried in reading them on a daily basis. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】memorize 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了记住这些单词，他每天都埋头阅读它们。本句使用了动词不定式做目的状语，所以设空处应填动词原形，memory的动词形式为memorize。故填memorize。 一、完成句子 1．The digital images on the website show the danger that many wild animals face (以提醒人们) the importance of wildlife protection. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】to remind people of 【详解】考查动词短语、动词不定式和名词。句意：网站上的数字图片展示了许多野生动物面临的危险，提醒人们保护野生动物的重要性。根据提示的汉语，表示“提醒人们”应为remind people of，其中people作宾语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填①to②remind③people④of。 2．China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island (阻止中国渔船受到攻击) in the China Sea. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being attacked 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。句意：中国加强了对黄岩岛附近海域的控制，以阻止中国渔船在中国海遭到袭击。句中涉及固定短语“prevent…from doing sth.”，意为“阻止……做某事”，“中国渔船”为Chinese fishing boats,“攻击”为“attack”。attack与其逻辑主语Chinese fishing boats之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式 being attacked。句中有谓语动词“tightened”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，空格处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being attacked。 3．There is no need for teenagers to go on a diet (为了保持苗条) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】to keep slim 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。句意：青少年没有必要节食来保持苗条。表示“保持苗条”用固定短语keep slim，本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，用不定式短语to keep slim，作目的状语。故填to keep slim。 4．I’ve learned that you are never too small to (有影响). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】make a difference 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我了解到，你永远不会太渺小而无法产生影响。根据汉语提示可知，表示“有影响”应使用固定短语make a difference，空前为不定式符号to，所以此处使用动词原形。故填make a difference。 5．I am writing to (申请) the post as an editor. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】apply for 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我写信是为了申请编辑的职位。“申请”用动词短语apply for，在不定式符号后用原形，构成不定式短语作目的状语。故填apply；for。 二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many great people in the world devote themselves to 1 (improve) society in their own ways. For example, Jane Goodall, a woman from Britain, would rather spend time studying chimps in the wild in Africa than 2 (lead) a comfortable life. For 40 years she 3 (be) outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of chimps, Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases, is another woman who has made great 4 (achieve). There was story after story of no matter 5 tired after a day's work, she went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family. It was because of her hard work and great consideration to her patients that hundreds of babies 6 (deliver) safely by her. 7 third example is Yuan Longping, the first agricultural pioneer in the world 8 (grow) super hybrid rice. Using his hybrid rice, farmers can produce harvests twice as large as before. Therefore, now the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world 9 hunger. In short, so 10 (impress) is their work that they all deserve praising and learning from. 【答案】 1．improving 2．lead 3．has been 4．achievements 5．how 6．were delivered 7．A 8．to grow 9．of 10．impressive 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上几位致力于改善社会的伟大人物。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界上许多伟大的人都以自己的方式致力于改善社会。devote oneself to doing表示“致力于做某事”，故填improving。 2．考查固定句式。句意：一位来自于英国的女性简·古道尔宁愿花时间在非洲野外研究黑猩猩，也不愿过舒适的生活。would rather do A than do B表示“宁愿做A也不愿做B”，故填lead。 3．考查时态。句意：40年来，她一直直言不讳地说要让世界其他地方理解和尊重黑猩猩。根据时间状语“For 40 years”可知用现在完成时，故填has been。 4．考查名词。句意：妇科病专家林巧芝是另一位取得巨大成就的女性。作动词made的宾语用名词，make achievements表示“取得成就”，故填achievements。 5．考查让步状语从句。句意：有一个又一个故事讲述一天的工作后不管多累，她还要深夜去给贫穷的家庭接生。no matter how+adj表示“不管多么……”，故填how。 6．考查时态语态。句意：正是由于她的辛勤工作和对病人的关怀，数百名婴儿才得以安全分娩。事情发生在过去，babies 与deliver之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were delivered。 7．考查冠词。句意：第三个例子是袁隆平，世界上第一个种植超级杂交水稻的农业先驱。a+序数词表示“又一、再”，故填A。 8．考查不定式。句意同上，当被修饰词前有序数词修饰时，用不定式作后置定语，故填to grow。 9．考查固定短语。句意：因此，现在联合国在消除世界饥饿的斗争中有了更多的方法。rid...of…表示“去除、让……摆脱……”，故填of。 10．考查形容词。句意：简而言之，他们的工作令人印象深刻，值得表扬和学习。作is的表语用形容词，故填impressive。 阅读理解 In a natural disaster—a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained. On September 29,1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with heavy rains and winds up to 160 km per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean. This was a very different result, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people. Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at the end of the 20th century—residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions (预防). At the same time that people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied. A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans.Emergency management officials must begin evacuations (疏散) well before a storm strikes. But evacuation costs money. The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city’s preparations for Georges cost more than $50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs. The different views on the early warnings of Hurricane Georges show some of the complexities (复杂) related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information for the government officials and other decision-makers who must respond to those predictions. 1．What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the passage? A．To find out the cause of disasters. B．To save people’s lives. C．To prevent natural disasters from happening. D．To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction. 2．Which of the following areas suffered the most severe damage? A．Puerto Rico. B．New Orleans. C．Biloxi, Mississippi. D．Galveston, Texas. 3．The city residents of New Orleans were unsatisfied because 　　　. A．their preparations were made in vain B．the hurricane warning arrived rather late C．the forecast hurricane did not hit the city D．they suffered from a heavy hurricane attack 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The different ways of disaster prediction. B．Technological advances in disaster prediction. C．The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction. D．The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了灾害预测的重要性和不确定性,灾害预测是为了挽救人们的生命,但目前技术还有局限。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In a natural disaster—a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death.（在自然灾害——飓风、洪水、火山爆发或其他灾难中，几分钟甚至几秒钟的预警可以决定生与死。）”可知，灾害预测的目的是挽救人们的生命。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This was a very different result, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people.（这是一个非常不同的结果，当时一场强大的墨西哥湾飓风意外地直接袭击了德克萨斯州的加尔维斯顿，造成至少6000人死亡。）”内容可知,得克萨斯州的加尔维斯敦遭受了最严重的破坏,死亡6000多人。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.（在乔治未能到达新奥尔良之后，一些居民质疑在如此高的成本面前，飓风预报的价值。）”可知，新奥尔良的城市居民不满意是因为飓风Georges并没有光临新奥尔良，而他们却花了钱预防和疏散。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲灾害预测的重要性和不确定性，它是为了挽救人民的生命财产，但目前预报技术还有局限，故选D。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025学年高一年级英语同步精品课堂（译林版） Unit 2 Natural Disasters Grammar（解析版） 一、单项选择 1．I returned to the cinema to look for my lost belongings, only ________ it was closed. A．finding B．found C．to find D．to have found 2．The first landmark my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost. A．to be caught B．to catch C．to have been caught D．to be catching 3．Here is a piece of paper for you __________. A．to write B．to write with C．to write on D．to write in 4．He rushed to the airport, only that the plane had already taken off. A．to tell B．told C．to be told D．being told 5．The new international airport ______ into use in 2029 will serve 72 million passengers annually. A．being put B．to be put C．put D．putting 6．It’s rather satisfying to see young people take responsibility _______ good deeds, making this world a better place to live in. A．to spread B．spread C．spreading D．spreads 7．There are still many problems _______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. A．solving B．solved C．be solved D．to be solved 8．It was ______ creative thinking that I took the course, not to get high marks in examinations. A．developing B．to develop C．develop D．to have developed 9．In 1938, Pearl Buck became the first American woman ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature. A．to receive B．to be receiving C．receiving D．received 10． late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A．To sleep B．Sleeping C．Sleep D．To be slept 11．That football is such a simple game ________ is perhaps the basis of its popularity. A．to play B．to be played C．playing D．played 12．I’ll always appreciate ________ my parents did ________ me to a key university. A．which; send B．what; send C．what; to send D．which; to send 二、单句语法填空 1．He would like to start early (avoid) the rush hour traffic. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2． (learn) English well, I must work harder at it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The organization’s mission is to create a platform where individuals from diverse backgrounds can come together to (social), exchange ideas, and collaborate. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down. Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something, only (forget) what you wanted when you got there? This is called “The Doorway Effect”. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Young people must study hard to improve the economy and (strength) our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．If you take an online course, what can you do to (sure) the best possible grade?(所给词的适当形式填空) 7． (enjoy) a grander sight, you must climb to a greater height. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．In order to (memory) these words, he is buried in reading them on a daily basis. （所给词的适当形式填空） 一、完成句子 1．The digital images on the website show the danger that many wild animals face (以提醒人们) the importance of wildlife protection. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 2．China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island (阻止中国渔船受到攻击) in the China Sea. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 3．There is no need for teenagers to go on a diet (为了保持苗条) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 4．I’ve learned that you are never too small to (有影响). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5．I am writing to (申请) the post as an editor. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many great people in the world devote themselves to 1 (improve) society in their own ways. For example, Jane Goodall, a woman from Britain, would rather spend time studying chimps in the wild in Africa than 2 (lead) a comfortable life. For 40 years she 3 (be) outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of chimps, Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases, is another woman who has made great 4 (achieve). There was story after story of no matter 5 tired after a day's work, she went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family. It was because of her hard work and great consideration to her patients that hundreds of babies 6 (deliver) safely by her. 7 third example is Yuan Longping, the first agricultural pioneer in the world 8 (grow) super hybrid rice. Using his hybrid rice, farmers can produce harvests twice as large as before. Therefore, now the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world 9 hunger. In short, so 10 (impress) is their work that they all deserve praising and learning from. 阅读理解 In a natural disaster—a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained. On September 29,1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with heavy rains and winds up to 160 km per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean. This was a very different result, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people. Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at the end of the 20th century—residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions (预防). At the same time that people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied. A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans.Emergency management officials must begin evacuations (疏散) well before a storm strikes. But evacuation costs money. The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city’s preparations for Georges cost more than $50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs. The different views on the early warnings of Hurricane Georges show some of the complexities (复杂) related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information for the government officials and other decision-makers who must respond to those predictions. 1．What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the passage? A．To find out the cause of disasters. B．To save people’s lives. C．To prevent natural disasters from happening. D．To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction. 2．Which of the following areas suffered the most severe damage? A．Puerto Rico. B．New Orleans. C．Biloxi, Mississippi. D．Galveston, Texas. 3．The city residents of New Orleans were unsatisfied because 　　　. A．their preparations were made in vain B．the hurricane warning arrived rather late C．the forecast hurricane did not hit the city D．they suffered from a heavy hurricane attack 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The different ways of disaster prediction. B．Technological advances in disaster prediction. C．The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction. D．The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction. 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$