UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(word练习)-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步练测（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas [对应素能提升训练第1页] [基础语用题] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.In 1912, the Titanic sank (沉没) on her maiden voyage when it crashed into an iceberg. 2.It was my fault (过错) that I had written the wrong address, so I must make an apology for it. 3.We must find a way to resolve (解决) these problems before it's too late. 4. The company must first solve questions of strategy (策略). 5.The engines were fired with coal and needed water to keep the steam (蒸汽) up. Ⅱ.短语填空 help out；let down；let off steam；take a breath；pull one's weight 1.I was so bored that I decided to go to the yard to take a breath of fresh air. 2.Playing in a park is a perfect way for children to let off steam. 3.As life is full of conflicts, we need friends to support and help us out of difficulties. 4.In order not to let myself down, I must make every effort. 5.We each need to pull our weight by cleaning the dishes, taking out the garbage and paying the bills. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1.In the morning, I open the window wide and breathe(breath) in deeply. 2.The policeman signaled the driver to cross (cross) the road. 3.The whole society should be concerned (concern) about the health and sound growth of children. 4.He failed in the exam again and his parents felt let down. 5.Hopefully, these suggestions would help you out. Ⅳ.完成句子 1.Now that I have passed my exams, I can do whatever I like. 既然我考试通过了，我可以做任何我喜欢的事了。 2.With the leaves changing colors, it won't be long before winter is here. 树叶在变颜色了，不久就会到冬天了。 3.Adding fuel to the flames, of course it would make the situation worse. 火上浇油当然会让情况变得更糟。 4.He gradually understood what the manager had said at the meeting. 他逐渐明白了经理在会上说的话。 5.I heard you are dying for some advice on how to make friends. 我听说你渴望得到一些关于如何交友的建议。 [能力提升题] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (辽阳高一期末)When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward(令人尴尬的)when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite—a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. “In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one，” said Heyman. As Heyman's experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend's feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail. For example, if a person is practicing for a job interview and it's a few days before his interview, and he gives an answer that you think is not good at all and you don't tell him because you don't want to hurt his feelings, that's really not very nice to him, right? Because he has an opportunity to fix that thing. If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it's because people just get used to it. One little lie can turn into bigger and bigger lies over time. “If you habituate emotionally, it will change your behavior，” says Sharot. Sharot notes that if you're worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth(歪曲事实). She thinks it's best to do so when you're not actually responding to those triggers(诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了撒谎对友谊的影响，并提出了如何处理这种情况的建议。 1.How does the author start the text? A.By raising a question. B.By giving an example. C.By expressing an opinion. D.By comparing different views. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“When going shopping with a friend, Gail Heyman found herself quite awkward(令人尴尬的)when her friend asked her which dress she liked best. Her friend had a clear favorite—a dress that Heyman happened to dislike. ‘In that case, I lied and said that I like the same one，’ said Heyman.(当Gail Heyman和一个朋友去购物时，当她的朋友问她最喜欢哪件裙子时，她发现自己很尴尬。她的朋友有一条明确的最爱——一条Heyman碰巧不喜欢的裙子。Heyman说：“在这种情况下，我撒了谎，说我喜欢同一款。”)”可知，作者是通过举了一个例子来引出本文主题。故选B。 答案　B 2.What can we learn from paragraph 2? A.Be careful about lying. B.It's OK to tell a white lie. C.Never should a person tell lies. D.A meaningful relationship matters. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“As Heyman's experience shows, it might not matter all that much if you tell a white lie to make a friend feel good at times. But when it comes to the most meaningful relationships in your life, protecting a friend's feelings at all costs can sometimes make them fail.(正如Heyman的经历所表明的那样，如果你有时候为了让朋友感觉良好而说一个善意的谎言，可能并不那么重要。但当涉及你生命中最有意义的关系时，不惜一切代价保护朋友的感受有时会让他们失败。)”可知，有时候你的一个所谓的善意的谎言可能会让你的朋友失败。由此推知，对于说谎，我们应该抱有谨慎的态度。故选A。 答案　A 3.Why would people lie more according to the study? A.They are used to lying. B.They don't behave well. C.They lose track of others. D.They don't want to hurt others' feelings. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“If you know that lies can have results, why do you still lie often? A study carried out by Tali Sharot, a professor at University College London, found that it's because people just get used to it.(如果你知道谎言会有后果，为什么你还经常撒谎？伦敦大学学院教授Tali Sharot进行的一项研究发现，这是因为人们已经习惯了。)”可知，人们明知道谎言会有后果还是会说谎是因为人们习惯了说谎。故选A。 答案　A 4.What does Sharot advise us to do? A.Try to bend the truth. B.Change our behavior. C.Say sorry to the one we lied to. D.Concentrate more on our values. 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sharot notes that if you're worried about lying a bit too much, try and notice when you want to bend the truth(歪曲事实). She thinks it's best to do so when you're not actually responding to those triggers(诱因). Moving your attention away from shame and focusing more on your values can be a healthy way to start looking at this more actively.(Sharot指出，如果你担心自己撒了太多的谎，那就试着注意一下自己什么时候想要歪曲事实。她认为最好是在你对这些诱因没有实际反应的时候这样做。把你的注意力从羞耻转移到你的价值观上，这是一种开始更积极地看待这个问题的健康方式。)”可知，Sharot建议我们应该把注意力放在价值观上。故选D。 答案　D B As the oldest of three children, I never had any hand-me-downs to wear like other poor kids.Instead, Mom got my wardrobe (行头) from neighborhood mothers.Imagine the fun other kids had when they saw me wearing their used clothing. Perhaps my biggest challenge came from Charlie.As far as I was concerned, Charlie's main fun was to make fun of me.During those years, I slowly learned to hate.I hated Charlie, but I also hated myself for not being able to change my situation. But situations do change.That opportunity came after high school when I joined the Navy.The Navy made me a social equal for the first time in my life, and the GI Bill gave me a college education.Hard work and a few lucky career (职业) choices finally lifted me into the middle class.I found myself living the American Dream. One beautiful summer afternoon, my friend and I celebrated Friday in Jackson's Steak House.For the first time in almost twenty years, I saw Charlie.Not only did I see him, but he spoke to me.I could tell he didn't recognize me, but I surely recognized my childhood tormentor (摧残者).His words were short, but I'll never forget them.He said, “Sir, what kind of dressing would you like with your salad？” The tables had turned.Charlie was calling me “Sir”.While hundreds of improper ideas raced through my mind, I could only give a two-word reply：“Blue cheese.” As much as I wanted to taste the sweet taste of revenge (复仇), I refused to do it.I wouldn't put another person through what I had gone through as a child.It was time to put childish things behind me and make use of the new opportunity that life had given me.I left him a good tip and I didn't say one word about recognizing him. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小时候查理折磨了作者的童年，他很恨查理，成年后作者遇到了做服务生的查理，作者本想报复查理，但是最终选择了放手，好好利用生活给自己的新机会。 5.Where did the author usually get his clothes as a kid? A.His mom bought them for him. B.They were from other families. C.Other poor kids collected them for him. D.They were handed down by his brothers. 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“As the oldest of three children, I never had any hand-me-downs to wear like other poor kids.Instead, Mom got my wardrobe (行头) from neighborhood mothers.”可知，作为三个孩子中最大的一个，我从来没有像其他穷孩子一样的旧衣服穿。相反，妈妈从邻居妈妈那里得到了我的行头。由此可知，作者小时候经常从其他家庭里得到衣服。故选B。 答案　B 6.Which word best describes the author's childhood? A.Painful. B.Funny. C.Strange. D.Lucky. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine the fun other kids had when they saw me wearing their used clothing.”及第二段“During those years, I slowly learned to hate.I hated Charlie, but I also hated myself for not being able to change my situation.”可推知，作者感觉自己的童年是痛苦不堪的。故选A。 答案　A 7.What job did Charlie probably do? A.A hairdresser. B.A waiter. C.A soldier. D.A cook. 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“He said, ‘Sir, what kind of dressing would you like with your salad？’”可知，这是作者遇到查理后的情景。由此可知，查理可能是一名服务员。故选B。 答案　B 8.What is the best title of the passage? A.Live your own American Dream. B.Best memories in childhood. C.Don't hate but love your enemy. D.Growing up and letting go 解析　主旨大意题。根据第二段“I hated Charlie, but I also hated myself for not being able to change my situation.”及最后一段内容可知，小时候查理折磨了作者的童年，他很恨查理，成年后遇到了做服务生的查理，作者本想报复查理，但是最终选择了放手，好好利用生活给自己的新机会。由此可知，Growing up and letting go(成长并放手)适合做本文最佳标题。故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (枣庄高一期末)We all know that honesty is an important value, and that lying is wrong. 1 Researchers find that we tell on average four lies every day or almost 1，500 every year. 2 If people tell lies to make others feel better and won't bring any negative effect, we call them white lies. On contrary to white lies, which refers to well-intentioned lies, black lies are told to deceive someone else for their own advantage. No doubt that black lies are harmful, but not white lies. Lies are often tied in with self-protection. 3 If they feel that they might be hurt, they immediately begin to lie. Also, we all have our own privacy. Maybe parts of the privacy are embarrassing and shameful and we would not like to give them all out. So we tell lies to protect ourselves. On some occasions, it is necessary to tell lies to avoid hurting others' feelings, particularly when the truth is too miserable to accept. If we tell the truth, people will get hurt. 4 Of course, it's OK to tell lies to make them feel better. Anyhow, we should always keep in mind that honesty is the best policy. As a rule, we should try our best to tell the truth and do all times. If there were no lies, could the world be better? I don't think so. 5 A.Tell the truth or lie? B.Telling lies is morally wrong. C.However, we all lie and lie all the time. D.For most of us, it is an escape from reality. E.Lies can be divided into black lies and white lies. F.People always care about how others think of them. G.If well-intended, it's acceptable to tell a little white lie. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了谎言的两种类型以及该不该说谎的问题。 1.解析　根据上文“We all know that honesty is an important value, and that lying is wrong.(我们都知道诚实是一种重要的价值观，而说谎是错误的。)”以及后文“Researchers find that we tell on average four lies every day or almost 1,500 every year.(研究人员发现，我们平均每天说谎4次，每年说谎近1500次。)”可知，空处与上文构成转折，指出人类撒谎的事实。C选项“然而，我们一直都在撒谎。”符合语境。故选C。 答案　C 2.解析　根据本段“If people tell lies to make others feel better and won't bring any negative effect, we call them white lies. On contrary to white lies, which refers to well-intentioned lies, black lies are told to deceive someone else for their own advantage. No doubt that black lies are harmful, but not white lies.(如果人们说谎是为了让别人感觉更好，且不会带来任何负面影响，我们称之为善意的谎言。善意谎言指的是出于好意的谎言，与善意谎言相反，而恶意谎言指的是为了自己的利益而欺骗别人。毫无疑问，恶意的谎言是有害的，但善意的谎言却不是。)”可知，本段主要介绍了恶意谎言和善意谎言。E选项“谎言可以分为恶意谎言和善意谎言。”符合语境，可以作为本段的主旨句。故选E。 答案　E 3.解析　根据上文“Lies are often tied in with self-protection.(谎言常常与自我保护联系在一起。)”以及后文“If they feel that they might be hurt, they immediately begin to lie. Also, we all have our own privacy. Maybe parts of the privacy are embarrassing and shameful and we would not like to give them all out. So we tell lies to protect ourselves.(如果他们觉得自己可能会受到伤害，他们会立即开始撒谎。而且，我们都有自己的隐私。也许部分隐私是令人尴尬和可耻的，我们不想把它们都给泄露出去。所以我们说谎来保护自己。)”可知，撒谎是为了自我保护，本句陈述人们撒谎的原因：在意别人对他们的看法，F选项“人们总是关心别人对他们的看法。”符合语境。故选F。 答案　F 4.解析　根据上文“On some occasions, it is necessary to tell lies to avoid hurting others' feelings, particularly when the truth is too miserable to accept. If we tell the truth, people will get hurt.(在某些情况下，说谎是必要的，以避免伤害他人的感情，特别是当真相太悲惨而无法接受的时候。如果我们说出真相，人们会受到伤害。)”和后文“Of course, it's OK to tell lies to make them feel better.(当然，为了让他们感觉好一点而说谎是可以的。)”可知，让别人感觉好点，撒谎也是可以的，本句主要就说实话还是谎话进行设问。A选项“说实话还是说谎？”符合语境。故选A。 答案　A 5.解析　根据上文“Anyhow, we should always keep in mind that honesty is the best policy. As a rule, we should try our best to tell the truth and do all times. If there were no lies, could the world be better? I don't think so.(无论如何，我们应该永远记住诚实是上策。作为一个规则，我们应该尽我们最大的努力说真话，并在任何时候都做到一以贯之。如果没有谎言，世界会变得更好吗？我不这么想。)”可知，作者不认为没有谎言世界会变得更好，本句为本段最后一句，应陈述作者对于谎言的看法。G选项“如果是出于好意，撒个善意的小谎也是可以接受的。”符合语境。故选G。 答案　G 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$