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UNIT 2 Making a difference
[对应学生用书第20页]
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
shortage
internal
fund
recycle
[对应学生用书第21页]
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
fountain
earn
foundation
insight
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
contribution
relief
effective
donate
perseverance
reality
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
up
for
the
to
out
a
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into
up
from
in
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
so dirty that
What they needed
make his dream a reality
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The more wells
the better
to help people in need
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
[对应学生用书第21页]
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
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believing
to earn
was told
but
which
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
finished
a
Later
eventually
reality
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
[对应学生用书第24页]
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
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to
building
made great contributions to
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
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relief
in
of
It was a great relief
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
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into
on
effective
an effect on
affect
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
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Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
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to
donation
donated to/made a donation to
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
from
down
up
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
broke out
broke into
broke away from
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
such
so
so
such
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
so quickly/fast that
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
will speak
more positive
happier
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The more time
the more fluent
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
The UN—bringing everyone closer together
The UN is an international organization made up of countries that want to promote world peace.It was set up just after the Second World War, in October 1945 by 51 countries. Today,nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN—192 countries altogether.The UN has four main functions:to keep international peace;to develop friendly relationships among nations;to work together in solving international political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights;and to be a centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations.
As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education, starvation, disasters, AIDS and other diseases.Many people in the world have no way of making an income and may face starvation as a result.The UN has set up many projects to help these people create their own businesses, so they can acquire money for themselves and support their families.In Mongolia, for example, they started a worthwhile project that helps people in the countryside make carpets from local wool.These carpets are decorated with beautiful traditional patterns and can fetch a high price on the
international market.This project helps people who raise the sheep, as now they have someone to sell wool to.In addition, it helps people who were out of work, as now they can use their labour to earn a profit.Finally, it helps the exports for the country of Mongolia expand.The UN's role in this project is to provide the idea for the project, to help people work together, and to contribute small amounts of money to the people who are taking part in order to get the project going.
There are lots of worthwhile projects like this under the umbrella of the UN that have helped millions of people across the world.So you see, with the work of the UN the world has been brought closer together.
1.promote v. 促进,推动;促销;晋升
2.urgent adj. 紧急的,紧迫的,迫切的
3.starvation n. [U]饥饿,挨饿,饿死
4.decorate v. 装饰,装潢
5.expand v. 扩展,发展(业务);扩大,增强
What are the four main functions of the UN?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
To keep international peace;to develop friendly relationships among nations;to work together in solving international political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights;and to be a centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations.
Ⅰ.重点单词
►基础单词
1.________ n. 短缺,不足,缺乏
2.________ adj. 内部的
3.____ v. 为……提供资金,资助
4._______ v. 再利用,回收利用
5.________ n. 喷水池
6.____ v. 挣(钱)
7.__________ n. 基金会
8._______ n. 顿悟,猛醒
►拓展单词
1.contribute v.促成,造成(某事发生)→____________ n.贡献
2.relieve v.给(某人)换班;使减轻;缓解→______ n.减轻,缓解
3.effect n.影响,结果→_________ adj.有效的,产生预期效果的
4.______ v.捐赠,捐献→donation n.捐赠,捐献
5.persevere v.锲而不舍,坚持不懈→____________ n.不屈不挠,坚持不懈
6.real adj.真实的→realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的→_______ n.真实,现实
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.give __ 放弃;投降
2.ask ___ help 寻求帮助
3.at ___ same time 同时
4.be grateful __ 感激
5.turn ___ 结果,证明是
6.make __difference 有影响;起作用
7.break ____ a smile 突然笑起来
8.set __ 建立;创立
9.benefit ____ 从……中受益
10.__ need 在困难中;在危急中
Ⅲ.重点句型
1.And why is the water _____________ it makes them sick?
为什么他们会因为喝了不卫生的水而生病?
2.________________ was a well dug near their homes.
他们需要的是一口离家不远的井。
3.This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to ________________________.
这份领悟,始于一个有勇气和毅力实现梦想的六岁男孩那颗坚定不移的心。
4.______________ you dig, __________ the world will be.
你挖的井越多,世界就越好。
5.As a senior high school student, what can you do ________________________?
作为一名高中生,你能做些什么来帮助有需要的人?
[整体理解]
Ⅰ.Scan the text and match the general idea of each paragraph.
1.Para.1 A.Ryan was invited to Uganda and visited the well.
2.Para.2 B.Ryan realized his dream with the help of others.
3.Para.3 C.Ryan was refused for the amount of his money.
4.Para.4 D.Ryan got the information and decided to help.
5.Para.5 E.The determination changed a man for his whole life.
6.Para.6 F.Ryan got more support and helped more people.
答案 1-6 DCBAFE
Ⅱ.Read the text and choose the best answers.
1.Knowing that many people in African countries couldn't get enough clean water, Ryan was ________.
A.happy and worried
B.surprised and concerned
C.excited and curious
D.angry and disappointed
2.What was wrong with the water in some developing African countries?
A.The countries were too dry to have enough water.
B.The wells were too far away and the water was dirty.
C.People didn't want to walk to fetch water.
D.People used too much water and polluted it.
3.How did Ryan get enough money to build a well?
A.He persuaded his neighbours to donate money.
B.He asked his classmates to donate money.
C.His mother's friend made his story go public.
D.All of the above.
4.Ryan set up a foundation to ________.
A.inspire people to give him their support
B.encourage more people to help
C.build more wells
D.make his dream a reality
答案 1-4 BBDB
Ⅲ.Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Ryan, a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, had trouble 1._________(believe) many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water.He decided to help them.At first, his plan was 2._______(earn) money to build a well somewhere in Africa.He earned $70 by working for his family and neighbours.However, when he gave the money to a charity, he 3.________(tell) that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well.Ryan didn't give up 4.___ started to persuade his classmates and neighbours to donate money.After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with 5._____ a well was built near a primary school in
Uganda.The children were grateful to him and invited him to visit.In Uganda, when Ryan saw the 6.________(finish) well and the happy students, he broke into 7.__ joyful smile. 8._____(late), Ryan set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.The six-year-old boy 9.__________ (eventual) made his dream a 10.________ (real).Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water.
[课文译注]
词汇积累
①well n.井
②have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
③look across眺望
④fountain n.喷水池
⑤at first起初
⑥earn v.挣(钱)
⑦do gardening做园艺
⑧target n.目标
⑨charity n.慈善团体
⑩pump n.泵
⑪determined adj.有决心的
determine v.决定;确定
⑫persuade v.劝说,说服
⑬donate v.捐赠,捐献
⑭go public公布于众
⑮raise v.筹集;饲养,种植,抚养,举起,增加,提高
⑯primary adj.基础的
⑰grateful adj.感激的
⑱delighted adj.高兴的
delightful adj.使人快乐的;令人愉快的
⑲turn out结果是
⑳warmth n.温暖
make a difference 有影响,使不同
break into a smile 突然笑起来
set up 建立,设立
foundation n.基金会
inspire v.鼓舞,激励
inspiration n.灵感;启发灵感的人(或事物)
attract v.吸引
attractive adj.吸引人的;有吸引力的
attraction n.吸引;有吸引力的事物
benefit v.有益于
beneficial adj.有利的;有裨益的
life-changing adj.改变生活的
insight n.顿悟,猛醒
courage n.勇气
perseverance n.不屈不挠,坚持不懈
reality n.真实,现实
教材原文
The Well① that Changed the World
As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble② believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water. [1] He looked across③ the classroom at the drinking fountain④.It was very close—only ten steps away.So, Ryan asked himself, “Why do some African children have to walk ten kilometres to get water every day?And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?”[2] Young Ryan thought, “Life is easy for me, but hard for those people.Why don't I help?”
[1]过去分词短语spoken by his teacher作后置定语,修饰words;that many people…是由that引导的同位语从句,解释words的内容。
[2]so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”,that引导结果状语从句。
At first⑤,his plan was to earn⑥ money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. [3] He cleaned windows and did gardening⑦ for his family and neighbours.He soon reached his first target⑧ of $70, but when he gave the money to a charity⑨,he was told that it actually cost $2,000 to build a well.[4] Seventy dollars was only enough for a hand pump⑩.Ryan
understood that a hand pump wouldn't help the children.What they needed was a well dug near their homes.[5]
[3]to earn money为不定式短语作表语;to build…为不定式短语作目的状语。
[4]句式“it costs (sb.) some money to do sth.”意为“做某事花费了(某人)……钱”,it为形式主语;to build a well为真正的主语。
[5]What they needed是由what引导的主语从句,what在从句中作宾语。
Two thousand dollars was a lot of money, but Ryan didn't give up. [6] He was determined⑪ to help other children have clean water.He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded⑫ them to donate⑬ money.At the same time, a friend of Ryan's mother helped make his story go public⑭.After several months, Ryan had raised⑮ the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary⑯ school in Uganda. [7]The children at the school no longer needed to walk for hours to get water.They were grateful⑰ to him and invited him to visit.
[6]表示时间、距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的可数名词复数作主语时,常被看作整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。
[7]with which a well was built…是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the $2,000。
In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. [8] But that was not all.He also saw hundreds of delighted⑱ students who had turned out⑲ to welcome him. [9]They sang and danced happily.Some even offered him food and gifts.At first Ryan was nervous, but soon a great warmth⑳ filled him.He really had made a difference for these children.He broke into a joyful smile.
[8]finished是过去分词作前置定语,修饰well。
[9]who had turned out to welcome him是由who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词students。
Later, Ryan's experience led him to set up a foundation to encourage more people to help.Many inspired people gave him their support.Ryan's foundation continues to attract support from more and more people, so the work of building more wells can go on.Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited from the life-changing gift of clean, safe water.
Now, as an adult, Ryan says that the question to ask is not “Why don't I help?”,but “How can I help today?”.This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
参考译文
改变世界的井
年仅六岁的加拿大男孩瑞安难以相信老师说的话——在欠发达的非洲国家,许多人都喝不到足够干净的水。瑞安的目光掠过教室,望向对面的喷泉式饮水器。它是那么近——只有十步之遥。因此,瑞安问自己:“为什么有的非洲孩子每天要步行十公里去取水?为什么他们会因为喝了不卫生的水而生病?”年幼的瑞安想:“我的生活很舒适,可他们的生活却那么艰难,我为什么不去帮助他们呢?”
起初,他的计划是挣些钱在非洲挖一口井。通过帮助家人和邻居擦玻璃、做园艺,瑞安很快就达成了他的第一个目标——70美元。但是当他把这笔钱交给慈善机构的时候,他才得知建一口井实际的花费是2 000美元。70美元只够买一个手压泵。瑞安明白,一个手压泵无法帮到非洲的孩子们,他们需要的是一口离家不远的井。
2 000美元可不是一笔小数目,但是瑞安没有放弃。他下定决心要帮助其他孩子获得干净的水。他开始向他的同学和邻居求助,劝说他们捐款。与此同时,在瑞安妈妈的一位朋友的帮助下,瑞安的事为公众所知了。几个月后,他筹到了2 000美元。有了这笔钱,乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。这所学校的孩子们再也不用走几小时的路去打水了。他们非常感激瑞安,并邀请瑞安前来参观。
在乌干达,瑞安终于亲眼见到了已经完工的井。不仅如此,他还看到了几百名学生兴高采烈地迎接他。他们高兴地又唱又跳,有的学生还为他送上了食物和礼物。刚开始瑞安还有点紧张,但很快一股暖流涌上了他的心头,他真的改变了这些孩子的生活。瑞安的脸上终于露出了高兴的笑容。
后来,这段经历促使瑞安建立了一个基金会,以鼓励更多的人伸出援手。许多深受鼓舞的人都向瑞安提供支持。瑞安的基金会不断吸引着越来越多的人给予帮助,从而使打井事业能够继续。今天,这份能改变人一生的礼物——干净卫生的水——已经惠及了非洲16个国家的80多万人。
如今,瑞安已长大成人,他说现在的问题不再是“我为什么不去帮助他们”,而是“如今我该如何去帮助他们”。这份领悟,始于一个有勇气和毅力实现梦想的六岁男孩那颗坚定不移的心。
[核心词汇]
1.contribution n.贡献
(教材P17)the contribution these people made to society
这些人对社会作出的贡献
[归纳拓展]
(1)make a contribution/contributions to/towards
对……做贡献
(2)contribute v. 促成,造成(某事发生);捐献;捐助
contribute sth.to… 把某物捐献给……
contribute to 为……做出贡献;有助于;导致;为……撰稿
(3)contributor n. 捐助人;投稿人
He contributed a lot of food and clothes to the poor.
他为穷人捐了许多食物和衣服。
It is generally agreed that cycling contributes to people's physical fitness.
人们普遍认为骑自行车有助于人们的身体健康。
I make most of my money by writing books but I do contribute to magazines sometimes.
我大部分的钱都是写书赚的,但我有时也会给杂志投稿。
[活学活用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes __ the homeless people.
②Being self-disciplined not only helps us improve ourselves, but also contributes to _________(build) up a harmonious and civilized society.
(2)单句写作
③她为教育事业做出了巨大的贡献。
She has ___________________________ the cause of education.
2.relief n.减轻,缓解
(教材P17)The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried, is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.
患者在皮肤被仔细清洗和干燥后所感受到的缓解和舒适是临床上最常见的观察之一。
[归纳拓展]
(1)in relief 如释重负;松了口气
to one's relief 使某人欣慰的是
relief of/from ……的减轻/消除/缓和
It is a relief to… ……是让人欣慰/轻松的事。
(2)relieve v. 使减轻;缓解
relieve sb.of… 解除某人的负担、困难等
In relief Daisy burst into laughter.
戴西如释重负,突然笑了起来。
I wanted to relieve myself of these duties as soon as possible.
我想尽快从这些责任中解脱出来。
[活学活用]
(1)单句语法填空
①To our ______ (relieve), our performance was fully appreciated by the audience.
②Hearing that he passed the exam, he sighed __ relief.
③This will relieve the heat __ the fever.
(2)单句写作
④发现我的家人都安然无恙,我感到极大的欣慰。
_____________________ to find that my family were all safe.
3.effective adj.有效的,产生预期效果的
(教材P18)Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.
现在勾选你认为能为非洲提供淡水的最有效的解决方案。
[归纳拓展]
(1)effect n. 影响,结果
have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
come/go into effect 生效
in effect 事实上
(2)affect v. 影响
While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活,但并非它的所有的影响都是积极正面的。
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响。
[活学活用]
(1)单句语法填空
①The new law has come ____ effect. Surely it will have an effect __ industry of the country.
②One of the most _________ (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.
(2)单句写作
③这些游戏对我没有影响,但是对他影响很大。
The games don't have ____________ me but ______ him a great deal.
4.donate v.捐赠,捐献
(教材P19)He started to ask for help from his classmates and neighbours and persuaded them to donate money.
他开始向他的同学和邻居求助,劝说他们捐款。
[归纳拓展]
(1)donate…to… 向……捐赠……
(2)donation n. 捐赠,捐献
make a donation to 向……捐赠
collect donations for 为……募捐
(3)donor n. 捐赠者
This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities.
这使得企业和个人向发展中国家捐款,购买电脑设备和互联网设施。
The headmaster appeals to us students to make a donation to the poor boy.
校长呼吁我们学生给这个贫穷的男孩提供捐赠。
[活学活用]
(1)单句语法填空
①They used to donate large sums of money __ the Red Cross every year.
②We want to make a ________(donate) to the Hope Project, so we are organizing a charity show.
(2)单句写作
③他以他母亲的名义给这所教堂捐款。
He _______________________________ this church in the name of his mother.
5.break into a smile 突然笑起来
(教材P20)He broke into a joyful smile.
他的脸上终于露出了高兴的笑容。
[归纳拓展]
break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
break down (机器)出故障;打破;(谈判、计划等)失败;
破裂;(身体)垮掉;分解
break in 打断;插嘴说;闯入
break into 闯入……;突然……起来
break out (战争)爆发;(火灾)发生
break through 取得突破;克服
break up 驱散;分散;打碎;分手
It's bad manners to break in while others are speaking.
当别人说话的时候插嘴是不礼貌的。
Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down.
妈妈闯进我的房间,告诉我不要熬夜了,否则身体会累垮的。
[活学活用]
(1)单句语法填空
①Modern music like jazz has broken away ____ the old traditional rules.
②The elevators in that building are always breaking _____, which makes the residents quite annoyed.
③Two friends have an argument that breaks __ their friendship forever.
(2)用break短语填空
④When the fire __________, I___________ the house to find my daughter.Finally we successfully _______________ the burning building.
当火灾发生时,我闯入房子中寻找我的女儿。最后,我们成功地离开了这座正在燃烧的建筑物。
[重点句型]
1.so…that…如此……以至于……
(教材P18)And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick?
为什么他们会因为喝了不卫生的水而生病?
[句式剖析]
句中so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”,其中that引导结果状语从句。
[归纳拓展]
(1)so…that…常见句型:
so+adj./adv.+that…
so+adj.+a(n)+n.(单数可数名词)+that…
so+many/few/much/little(少的)+n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)+that…
(2)such…that…也可表示“如此……以至于……”,其基本结构为:
such+a(n)+adj.+n.(单数可数名词)+that…
such+adj.+n.(复数可数名词/不可数名词)+that…
The twins look at things so differently that they often have different opinions.
这对双胞胎看待事物非常不同,常有不同的观点。
Dalian is so attractive a place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
→Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
大连是一个如此吸引人的地方以至于每年都有很多游客来观光旅游。
He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam.
他出了这么多错,以至于考试没及格。
[活学活用]
(1)单句语法填空
①His plan was ____ a good one that we all agreed to accept it.
②It is __ good a film that I'd like to see it again.
③I have __ little money that I can't afford the car.
④They are ____ fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect.
(2)单句写作
⑤他说得如此快以至于我听不明白。
He spoke ______________________ I couldn't follow him.
2.the more…,the more… 越……,就越……
(教材P20)The more wells you dig, the better the world will be.
你挖的井越多,世界就越好。
[句式剖析]
该句属于“the+形容词/副词的比较级,the+形容词/副词比较级”句型。
[归纳拓展]
(1)“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”结构,意为“越……,就越……”,表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化,the用在形容词或副词的比较级的前面。
(2)前一个“the+比较级”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句,后一个“the+比较级”通常相当于主句。
(3)在通常情况下,如果主、从句中的谓语动词是系动词be, 而且主语不是代词,be常省略。
(4)“比较级+and+比较级”则表示“越来越……”。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
你越努力,进步就越大。
With the living environment becoming worse and worse, many of the earth's species are dying out.
随着生存环境变得越来越糟,地球上的很多物种正在逐渐消失。
[名师点津]
“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构中,第一个“the+比较级”是表示条件的状语从句,在表示将来意义的情况下,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
[活学活用]
(1)单句语法填空
①The more you practise, the better you __________(speak) English.
②The _____________(positive)an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.
③The busier he is, the _______ (happy) he feels.
(2)句型转换
④If you devote more time to practicing your spoken English, it will become more fluent.
→_____________ you devote to practicing your spoken English, _______________ it will become.
$$