UNIT 3 Grammar——省略(课件PPT)-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册同步练测（人教版2019）

单击此处添加文本具体内容 UNIT 3　 DIVERSE CULTURES Grammar——省略 it is which is UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES this district It is it is I UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES _________ _ ___ ____ ____ UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES his suggestions made is getting study UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES to take crossing given UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES you were late again that should UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES that/in which that/who/whom UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES to come to wait to stop UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES spoken Losing looking to enter invited UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES if achieving to leave inspire Were UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES as in Guangzhou Unless invited to attend as if waiting for someone UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES When entering his brother will not UNIT 3　DIVERSE CULTURES [对应学生用书第56页] 补全下面教材中句子的省略并体会它们的语法特征 1．(教材P28)And what a city _____—a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. 2．(教材P28)My hotel is near downtown, in the Mission District, ________ one of the oldest parts of the city. 3．(教材P28)This district used to be a poor area of town, but _____________ is now a centre for art, music, and food. 4．(教材P28)(_____) A real mix of cultures here! 5．(教材P29)What great food ______！ 6．(教材P29)(_)Can't wait! 为了避免重复， 或为了使句子更简练， 在一些句子中常常省去一个或几个成分， 这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。 省略是一种避免重复， 保持句子简洁的语法手段。凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分， 但在一定语境中能够独立存在， 意义明确， 并且能发挥交际功能的句子都是省略句。一般说来， 只要不损害语法结构或者引起歧义， 能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑， 而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。 要点一　简单句中的省略 1．省略主语 一般情况下， 主语是不能省略的， 但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下， 特别是在口语中， 主语常常省略， 主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 (You)Open the door, please.请开门。 (I/We)Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。 2．省略宾语 当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时， 下句或后句常省略宾语。 —Where is Kate？凯特在哪？ —I don't know(where she is).我不知道。 3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分), 只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 (You come)This way, please. 请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语) (Have you)Got any ink? 你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分) 4．省略表语 —Are you ready？你准备好了吗？ —Yes, I am(ready).是的， 我准备好了。 5．There be句型的省略 (Is there)Anything I can do? 有什么我能做的吗？ 6．感叹句中的省略 What a meaningful and unforgettable experience(I've got)! 这是一次多么有意义且难忘的经历啊！ 7．名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略名词。 I go to the supermarket instead of the butcher's(shop)to buy meat. 我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。 [对点训练1] 用下划线标出下列句中可以省略的成分 ①—Are you feeling better now? —I am feeling much better now. ②I hope to hear from you soon. ③What a wonderful film it is! ④I consider him to be lazy. ⑤Today I met her at the barber's shop． 要点二　并列句中的省略 1．省略共同的主语或宾语 Tom picked up the book from the floor and(Tom)handed it to his brother. 汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了他的哥哥/弟弟。 2．若主语与谓语动词相同， 则省略后面的主语和谓语 His claim made me happy, but(his claim made)Jim angry. 他的断言使我高兴， 却使吉姆生气。 3．若主语不同而谓语的助动词、情态动词相同， 则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球， 玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。 [对点训练2] 写出下列句子的省略部分 ①His suggestions made John happy but ____________________ Mary angry. ②When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night __________ shorter and shorter. ③I study at college and my sisters _____ at high school. 要点三　复合句中的省略 1．状语从句中的省略 (1)在when、while、whenever、till、as soon as、if、unless、as if、though等引导的时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中， 如果从句和主句的主语一致或从句主语为it, 且从句谓语有be动词时， 可省略从句的主语和be动词。 When(you are)crossing the street, you can't be careful enough. 过马路时， 你怎么小心都不为过。 When (it is)heated, ice can be turned into water. 加热的时候冰可以变成水。 If(it is)possible, I will also help my parents do some housework. 可能的话， 我也会帮父母做些家务。 (2)虚拟条件句中若含有助动词were、had、should, 常省略if, 将助动词were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。 Were I you(＝If I were you), I would accept the chance to work in that company. 如果我是你， 我会接受在那个公司工作的机会。 [对点训练3] 单句语法填空 ①He wouldn't solve the difficult problem even if _______(take)charge. ②Look out for cars when ________(cross)the road. ③If _____(give)more time, I'll be able to do it better. 2．宾语从句中的省略 (1)及物动词后接宾语从句时， 连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句， 那么只有第一个that可以省略。 He said(that)the diagram was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这个图表很重要， 我们应该牢记在心。 (2)when、where、how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。 I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don't know when(he will come to our city). 我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市， 但我不知道他什么时候来。 (3)suggest、insist、order、require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的名词性从句中， 谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”， should可以省略。 I suggested that we(should)hold a meeting tonight. 我提议我们今晚开个会。 (4)为了避免重复前面所说过的内容， 替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe、do、expect、fear、guess、hope、say、speak、suppose、think、I'm afraid等连用。so表示赞同前述的事实， not表示不赞同前述的事实。 —Is he coming back tonight? ——他今晚会回来吗？ —I think so.(＝I think he is coming back tonight.) ——我想他会的。 —Is he feeling better today? ——他今天感觉好些了吗？ —I'm afraid not.(＝I'm afraid he is not feeling better today.) ——我想没有。 [对点训练4] 写出下列句子的省略部分 ①You were late again, and I hope you will explain why ___________________． ②Joe said ____ he would come and that he would arrive at 5：00 p．m. ③We suggest that Smith ______ be told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 3．定语从句中的省略 (1)关系代词that、which、who、whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语， 前无介词时可省略。 That is the man(whom)I met in the park yesterday. 那就是昨天我在公园见到的那个人。 (2)在定语从句中way作先行词， 且在从句中充当方式状语时， 可省略引导定语从句的关系代词。 We don't like the way(in which/that)he treats his mother. 我们不喜欢他对待他妈妈的方式。 [对点训练5] 写出下列句子的省略部分 ①The way______________ he speaks to us is really annoying. ②Do you know the man _____________ our teacher spoke to? 要点四　其他情况的省略 1．介词的省略 (1)可以省略in的几个固定词组， 如spend time(in)doing sth.、have a hard time(in)doing sth.、waste time(in)doing sth.等。 He seldom spends his spare time(in)studying. 他空余时间很少学习。 (2)在表达“阻止某人做某事”时， 若用prevent和stop, from可以省略；但若用keep，from则不能省略。如果这三个动词用于被动语态， 那么from都不能省略。 We were prevented/stopped/kept from attending the meeting by the heavy rain. 大雨阻止了我们参加这次会议。 2．动词不定式的省略 (1)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时， 常可省略to后的内容。常见的动词有agree、afford、expect、forget、hope、know、manage、pretend、remember、refuse、want、wish、would like等。 You can go with us if you want to (go with us). 如果你想去， 你可以和我们一起去。 (2)当主语中有实义动词do的某种形式时， 作表语的不定式可省略to。 What we need to do now is(to)study hard. 我们现在需要做的就是努力学习。 (3)两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时， 后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略；如果表示对比关系， 则不定式中的不定式符号to通常要还原。 He hopes to finish his work and(to)go back home as soon as possible.(并列关系) 他希望完成工作尽快回家。 I haven't decided whether to go camping or to stay at home.(对比关系) 我还没决定是露营度假还是待在家里。 (4)感官动词(see、watch、notice、observe、hear、feel、listen to等)以及使役动词(let、make、have)之后作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to, 但是用于被动时， to要还原。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. She is often heard to sing an English song by us in the classroom.(被动语态) 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。 (5)当不定式在afraid、anxious、eager、glad、happy、ready、willing等形容词后作状语时， to后的内容常省略。 You can't force him to read the poetry if he's not ready to(read the poetry). 如果他没有准备好阅读诗歌， 你不能强迫他。 [名师点津] 如果不定式符号to后有have或be时， 则需保留have或be。 Though Jack isn't a driver, he used to be(a driver). 虽然杰克不是驾驶员， 但他曾经是。 —Did you watch the movie last night? ——你昨晚去看电影了吗？ —I'd like to have(watched the movie), but a friend came to visit me. ——我本来想去， 但一个朋友来拜访我。 [对点训练6] 单句语法填空 ①Someone was heard _______(come)up the stairs.　 ②I have no choice but _______(wait). ③They didn't tell me whether to go on or _______(stop). Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．She is so shy that she never speaks first until ______(speak)to. 2．—What do you think made Mary so upset? —______(lose)her new bicycle. 3．They looked around the room as if _______(look)for something. 4．He was seen ________(enter)the office building a moment ago. 5．Unless _______(invite), I won't go to the party. 6．I will ask for your help __ necessary. 7．Nothing can prevent me _________(achieve)my goal. 8．He was often noticed ________(leave)the office after work. 9．Knowing his trouble, I had nothing to do but _______(inspire)him to continue his work. 10．____(be)I a bird, I would fly to see you at once. Ⅱ.句型转换 1．The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou. →The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild __ __ _________． 2．Unless I am invited to attend the party, I won't go to his house. →______ _______ __ ______ the party, I won't go to his house. 3．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. →She stood at the gate __ __ _______ ___ _______． 4．When they were entering the classroom, all the students looked up at me curiously. →____ ________ the classroom, all the students looked up at me curiously. 5．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel. →John will go abroad to travel but ___ _______ ____ ___． $$