Unit 1 Past and Present Comic strip～ Reading知识点讲义-2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

8B Unit 1 Past and Present Comic strip~ Reading知识点讲义 重点短语 Welcome to the unit 1. past and present 过去和现在 2. in the bowl 在碗里 3. an hour ago 一小时前 4. —Have you seen my food? 你见过我的食物吗？ —Yes, I’ve just eaten it. 是的，我刚把它吃了。 5. used to share food with me 过去常常和我分享食物 6. be so kind to me 对我那么好 7. transport at different times 不同时代的交通工具 8. by bike/ bus/ underground/ car/ taxi/ coach/ train/ plane 骑自行车/乘公交车/地铁/汽车/出租车/长途汽车/火车/飞机 9. Why didn’t you take a bus? 你为什么不乘公交车呢？ 10. too many people 太多人 11. It took a long time to wait for the next bus. 花费很长时间等到下一班公交车。 12. It’s easy and fast (to go to school by bus). (乘公交车去上学)既简便又快捷。 Reading 1. I’ve lived here since I was born. 我自出生就住在这里。 2. move house 搬家 3. in the northern part of town 在城镇的北部 4. get married 结婚 5. move two blocks away 搬离两个街区 6. We’ve lived in this area since then. 从那时起我们就住在这个地区了。 7. over the years 在这几年中 8. turn part of the town centre into a new park 将镇中心的部分变为一个新公园 9. a steel factory 一个钢厂 10. put the waste into the river 将废物投入河中 11. realize the problem 意识到这个问题 12. take action to improve the situation 采取措施改善情况 13. in some ways 在某种程度上 14. move away 搬离 15. know little about… 对……知道很少 know nothing about…对……一无所知 16. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before. 我们已经不可能像以前那样经常见到彼此了。 17. used to play cards and Chinese chess together 过去常常一起打牌，下象棋 18. feel a bit lonely from time to time 不时地感到有点孤单 19. Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town. 即使这样，看到镇上这些令人吃惊的变化还是挺好的。 20. be made by machines 由机器来做 21. because of being alone 由于独处 22. have an interview with her husband 对她的丈夫进行采访 23. all his life 他的一生 24. Sunshine Town has changed a lot over the years. / There have been great changes in Sunshine Town over the years. / Great changes have taken place in Sunshine Town over the years. 在过去几年中，阳光镇发生了巨大变化。 知识梳理 Cmoic strip & Welcome to the unit知识点讲解 1. I’ve just eaten it. 我刚才把它吃了。 【精讲】just 作副词，意为“刚刚、刚才”，通常与现在完成时连用。 【例句】Mr Wang has just left our classroom. 王老师刚刚离开我们的教室。 【辨析】just&just now 二者都可以表示“刚刚、刚才”，但是just通常用于现在完成时，just now 通常用于一般过去时。 【例句】 We have just seen the film. 我们刚刚看了那部电影。 We saw the film just now. 我们刚才看了那部电影。 2. You used to share food with me!你过去常常与我分享食物！ 【短语】used to 意为“曾经，过去常常”，暗含“现在不再”之意，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。 【例句】I used to read English in the evening, but I usually read it in the morning. 我过去常常在晚上读英语，但我现在通常早上读。 3. used to go to school by bike. 我过去骑自行车上学。 【短语】by bike 意为“骑自行车”，是介词短语，常在句中作方式状语。 【例句】Do you go to school by bike or foot? 你是骑自行车还是不行去上学？ 【拓展】交通方式常用的表达方法： ①by+表示交通工具的名词，表示泛指乘某种交通工具。该介词短语在句中作状语。 by sea/ water/ ship 乘船/由水路 by air/ plane 乘飞机 by land/ train/ bus 经陆路/乘火车/乘公共汽车 ②take+a/the+表示交通工具的名词，在句中作谓语。 He takes the train to Nanjing every year. 他每年都乘火车去南京。 I usually take the subway to go home. 我通常乘地铁回家。 ③on foot “步行”，是介词短语，在句中作状语。 My dad goes to work on foot every day. 我爸爸每天步行去上班。 4. Well, there were always too many people on the bus ... 嗯，那时公共汽车上总是有太多人…… 【短语】too many 意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。too much 也意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词。 【例句】There are too many books in the box. 这个箱子里有太多的书。 【拓展】much too 与 too much 是两个意义和用法完全不同的词组，much too 意为“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词，表程度。 【例句】The watch is much too expensive. 这块手表太贵了。 5. ...and it took a long time to wait for the next one. ……等下一班公共汽车要用很长时间。 (1) 【精讲】这是一个“It takes /took (sb.)some time to do sth.”句型，意为“（某人）花费多长时间做某事”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 【例句】It takes me about the minutes to get to school by bus from the bus stop. 从公共汽车站乘车到学校大约需要10分钟。 (2) 【精讲】one 在此处作代词，指代单数的人或物。 【例句】This coat is too small. Do you have a bigger one? 这件外套太小，你有大一点的吗？（one在此处代coat） 【拓展】ones 作代词，指代复数的人或物。 I don’t like the coloured enveloped, I like the white ones. 我不喜欢彩色信封，我喜欢白色的。（ones在此处代指envelopes） Reading知识点讲解 1. I’ve lived here since I was born. 自从我出生以来就一直住在这里。 【精讲】since此处用作连词，意为“自……以来”，引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 【例句】Tom has been in this room since he came here half an hour ago. 汤姆自从半小时前到这以来一直在这个房间。 【拓展】since 也可用作介词，后面接表示时间点，since then意为“从那时起”。 【例句】We’ve known about it since May. 我们从5月份起就知道这件事了。 注意：如果说明某一动作或状态持续了多长时间，用for+一段时间。 We have stayed in Shanghai for 3 days. 我们在上海已经待了3天。 2. Have you ever moved house? 你曾搬过家吗？ (1) 【精讲】ever作副词，意为“曾经”。 【例句】I hardly ever see him nowadays. 我现在几乎见不到他。 (2) 【精讲】move此处作及物动词，意为“移动，搬动；迁移，搬家”。 【例句】He moved the sofa to the left. 你把沙发移到了左边。 3. I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents。我最初和我的父母一起住在城镇的北部。 【短语】in the northern part of town=in the north of town，意为“城镇的北部”。northern形容词，意为“在……南部”。 【拓展】 (1)southern 形容词，意为“南部的，南方的”。 in the southern part of 意为“在……南部”。 在……南部 in the south of 在……西部in the west of 在……东部in the east of 在……的中心in the centre of (2)在英语中表示两地位置关系时，若A地在B地范围之内，用介词in；若A地与B地接壤，用介词on；A地与B地之间有间隔，用介词to。 4. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then。当我1965年结婚时，我和我妻子搬到了两个街区以外，此后我们一直住在这里。 (1) 【短语】get married 意为“结婚”。 【拓展】结婚的其他表达形式：①A marry B ②A get/be married to B 【例句】My parents got married in 1995. 我父母1995年结的婚。 (2) 【精讲】away副词，意为“远离，离开”。 【例句】Tom’s father is away from home. 汤姆的父亲离我家在外。 5. Has the town changed a lot over the year?近几年间这个城镇变化大吗？ (1) 【精讲】a lot 在此用作副词短语，意为“很，非常”，常修饰动词、感叹词、形容词/副词的比较级，在剧中作程度副词。 【例句】It usually rains a lot at this time of year. 每年这个时候都经常下很多雨。 (2) 【短语】over the years 意为“在这几年间”，over在此作介词，意为“在……期间”。 【例句】He has grown into a big boy over the years. 几年间他已经长成一个大男孩。 6. Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park。现在政府已把城镇中心的一部分改建成一个新公园。 【短语】turn...into...意为“把……变成……”。 【拓展】与turn有关的短语 turn on 打开 turn off关闭 turn up调高 turn down调低 turn around转身 turn out证明是，结果是 【例句】The government turned wastelands into rice fields. 政府把荒地变为稻田。 7. Was pollution a problem then? 那时污染是一个问题吗？ (1) 【精讲】pollution 不可数名词，意为“污染”。 【短语】water pollution 水污染， noise pollution噪音污染， air pollution 空气污染， light pollution 光污染 【例句】I think noise pollution can drive people mad. 我认为噪音污染会让人发疯。 (2) 【精讲】problem可数名词，意为“问题；难题”。 【例句】Pollution brings a lot of problems. 污染带来了许多问题。 【辨析】problem&question problem 着重指难以解决（solve）的“问题”或“难题” The government is trying to solve the problem. 政府正在努力解决这一问题。 question 指提出（ask）并有待回答（answer）的“问题”或“疑问” Can you answer this question? 你能回答这个问题吗？ 8. They often put the waste into the river. 他们经常把废物排入河中。 (1) 【短语】put...into... “把……放进……” 【拓展】与put有关的短语 put out扑灭 put on穿上 put in安装 put off推迟 put up张贴，搭建 put away收拾，整理 put through接通电话 【例句】The soup is too salty. You should put some water into it. 这汤太咸了，你应当放些水在里面。 (2) 【精讲】waste此处用作不可数名词，意为“废物，废弃物”。 【例句】You should keep the waste in a special place. 你应该把这些废物放在一个专门的地方。 9. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. 后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。 (1) 【精讲】realized是动词realize的过去式。realize在此用作及物动词，意为“意识到”。 【例句】He didn’t realized his mistake. 他没有意识到他的错误。 (2) 【短语】take action 意为“采取行动”。take action to do sth. 意为“采取行动做某事”。 【例句】They took action to protect wild animals. 他们采取行动保护野生动物。 (3) 【精讲】improve 在此用作及物动词，意为“改进，改善”，它的名词形式是improvement。 【例句】I want to improve my English. 我想提高我的英语水平。 10. Well, in some ways it is. 嗯，在某种程度上是这样的。 【短语】In some ways 意为“在某种程度上，在某些方面”。 【例句】She has changed a lot in some ways. 在某些方面她改变了很多。 【拓展】与way有关的短语 in many ways从很多方面来说 in no way绝不，不论如何都不 by the way顺便说一下 lose one’s way 迷路 in one’s way 挡住某人的路 on one’s way to 在某人去．．．．．．的路上 11. However, most of old friends have moved away. 然而我的大多数老朋友都搬走了。 【精讲】however副词，意为“然而”，可位于句首、句中或句末；位于句首时，其后用逗号；位于句中时，其前后均用逗号；位于句末时，其前用逗号。 【例句】However, this does not always happen. 然而，这样的情况并不是总是发生。 【辨析】however与but 含义 位置 注意点 例句 however 副词，意为“然而”，转折的意为较弱 可位于句首、句中或句末 常用逗号与句子分开 He likes music. However, his wife doesn’t. 他喜欢音乐，然而他的妻子不喜欢。 but 连词，意为“但是”，转折的意味较强 位于分句的句首 后面一般不用逗号 He likes music, but his wife doesn’t.他喜欢音乐，但是他的妻子不喜欢。 12. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before. 对于我们来说再像以前那样经常互相见面是不可能了。 (1) 【精讲】impossible 形容词，意为“不可能的”。 impossible是由形容词possible加否定前缀im-构成的。 在英语中，形容词的否定前缀有un-,in-,im-,ir-,dis-等。有些形容词加上相应的否定前缀，就构成其反义词，这种构词法称为派生法。 ①大多数形容词加前缀un-构成反义词。 necessary----unnecessary(不必要的) friendly------unfriendly（不友好的） ②以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词。 correct----incorrect(不正确的) expensive-----inexpensive（不昂贵的） ③以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词。 proper------improper（不合适的） polite------impolite（不礼貌的） ④以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-构成反义词。 regular----- irregular(不规则的) ⑤有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词。 honest------dishonest(不诚实的) (2) 【短语】as... as before 意为“和以前一样……”。 【精讲】as...as...意为“像．．．．．．一样．．．．．．”，中间用形容词或副词原级。as...as...的否定形式是not as/so...as...，意为“不如．．．．．．”。 【例句】My younger sister is as tall as me.我妹妹和我一样高。 We went to help the old man as often as before.我们像以前一样那么经常地去帮助那位老人。 13. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 现在我时不时会觉得有点孤独。 (1) 【精讲】a bit 意为“有点儿”，表示程度，后可跟形容词、副词的原级或比较级，相当于a little。 【例句】I’m a bit tired. 我有点累。 (2) 【精讲】lonely形容词，意为“孤独的、寂寞的”。 【辨析】lonely与alone lonely 形容词，可以作表语或定语。意为“寂寞的，孤单的”时，强调人内心的感受；意为“偏僻的，荒凉的，人迹罕至的”时，强调地理位置 Living in a big city can make people feel lonely sometimes. 生活在大城市有时会让人感到寂寞。 alone 可作形容词或副词，意为“单独，独自” I never feel lonely when I am alone.我一个人时从不感到寂寞。 (3) 【短语】from time to time 意为“不时，有时，偶尔”。 She has to work at weekends from time to time. 周末她偶尔得上班。 14. Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town.不管怎样，看到城镇这些令人惊叹的变化，还是不错。 【精讲】anyway 副词，意为“尽管，即使这样”，常用作让步状语，相当于anyhow。 【例句】Anyway, you should try. 无论如何，你应该试一试。 15. not happy because of being alone因为独自一人而不高兴 【精讲】because of 意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词（短语）。在句中，常可以和because引导的原因状语从句互换。 I had to stay at home because of the heavy rain yesterday. =I had to stay at home because it rained heavily yesterday. 昨天下大雨，我只好待在家里。 【辨析】because of 与because 词性 用法 例句 because of 介词短语 后跟名词、代词或动名词（短语） He has poor eyesight because of working too much in front of the computer.由于长期在电脑前工作，他视力很差。 because 连词 后跟从句 Because he is ill, he is absent today.因为他病了，所以他今天没来。 16. Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town. 在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。 【精讲】take place 意为“发生”，与happen意思相近，但用法有区别。take place 常指经过安排而发生，而happen常指偶然发生，他们都没有被动语态。 【例句】Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 17. Luckily, the government took action to improve the situation later.幸运的是，后来政府采取措施改善了情况。 【精讲】luckily 副词，意为“幸运地”，通常位于句子开头，后面用逗号与句子隔开。反义词是unluckily. 【例句】Luckily, I didn’t hurt myself. 幸运的是，我没有伤到自己。 【辨析】luckily,lucky与luck luckily 副词 幸好，幸运地 在句中作状语 Luckily,I passed the driving test.幸运的是，我通过了驾照考试。 lucky 形容词 幸运的 在句中作定语或表语 You are so lucky.你真幸运。 luck 不可数名词 运气 可作宾语、主语等 I hope the present will bring you good.我希望这件礼物能带给你好运。   例题精讲 一、根据句意、首字母、汉语提示及所给词的适当形式填空。 1. He has been in the club s 1990. 2. In many big cities, some people go to work by u . 3. In the p many people didn’t have enough food to eat. 4. How many ( factory ) are there in your home town? 5. How to get rid of (浪费) is a great problem for the world today. 6. When I came to the new school, I felt (alone) because I had no friends here. 7. China has built a new great wall across the (north) part of the country. 8. (pollution) from cars is the main cause of global warming. 9. Great changes (take ) place in the village. 10. We (wait) for the bus when the heavy snow began. 【答案】1. since 2. underground 3. past 4. factories 5. waste 6. lonely 7. northern 8. Pollution 9. have taken 10. were waiting 二、单项选择。 ( )1. Susan and I have been friends_______ five years. A since B. after C. for D. over ( )2. - Have you ever been to NanJing? - Yes, _________. A. I was B. I do C. I am D. I have ( )3. Holly has_______ fed the dog, but she hasn't watered the plants _______. A still; already B. already; yet C. yet; still D. yet; already ( )4. You can_______ this dictionary from me, but you can't_______ it to others. A borrow; borrow B. lend; lend C. borrow; lend D. lend; borrow ( )5. My grandma_______ us stories when I was young. A was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling ( )6．________ number of the students in Class 3________forty-eight． A．The；is B．A；are C．A；is D．The；are ( )7．There are about five__________ young trees on the hill． A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of ( )8．—_______have you known each other? —Since we were in our childhood． A．How far B．How often C．How long D．How soon ( )9．My grandfather lives in a village________，but he never feels_________． A．alone；alone B．lonely；alone C．lonely；lonely D．alone；lonely ( )10．This is the most beautiful park I have __________visited． A．ever B．not C. never D．yet ( )11．It was raining __________ we got there. A．while B．when C．as D．as soon as ( )12．This kind of computer looks __________ and sells __________ in this shop． A．nice；good B．nice；well C．well；well D．good；nice ( )13.Mr. Li ______ to Shanghai. He will be back in two weeks. A.goes B.go C.went D.has gone ( )14.—______ you ______ any films recently, Sandy? —No, I haven’t. A.Did; see B.Will; see C.Have; saw D.Have; seen ( )15. James ____ the White Tower Park if it_________ tomorrow. A. are going to, isn’t rainy B. are going to, doesn’t rain C. is going to, won’t rain D. is going to, isn’t rainy 【答案】1-5：CDBCC 6-10 ：AACDA 11-15： BBDDD 课堂练习 一、根据汉语提示完成单词。 1. Candy got married last month. Her ____________（丈夫）is a doctor. 2. Lianyungang, a city with rich cultures, is in the ____________（北方的）part of Jiangsu Province. 3. Most of her ____________（已婚的）friends are busy with their family affairs（事务）all day long. 4. She took the dog for a walk around the _____________（街区）. 5. Tommy can’t run as fast as _____________（之前） because of the health problem. 6. Mr. Hong has helped me _________（改进；改善）my handwriting a lot, so I want to thank him with my fantastic works. 7. Using English in real _________（情境）will make our English skills better. 8. The officer was angry to see so much _________（废料）in the park. 9. Judy suddenly _________（意识到）that all her friends were helping her, and she was moved. 10. Mark is busy. He now runs one of the largest _________（工厂）. 【答案】1. husband　2. northern　3. married　4. block　5. before　6. improve　7. situations　8. waste　9. realized　10. factories 二、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。 pollute, since, interview, wife, all one’s life， north, possible, move away, from time to time, factory 1. Shenyang is one of the largest cities in the __________ part of China. 2. What do you think of the air __________ in your hometown? 3.It’s ___________ to finish the work in such a short time. We need more help. 4. The workers’ __________ gathered(聚集) and talked happily. 5.More and more ___________ are becoming smarter and need fewer workers because of new technologies. 6.With the teachers’ help, we have greatly improved ourselves _____________ we entered junior high school three years ago. 7. — We wish you happiness _____________ ! — Thank you. And the same to you. 8. The ___________ lasted for two hours and it made all the people very tired. 9. We haven’t seen each other for a long time, but we send emails __________________ . 10. Most of my fiends __________________, Now I miss them from time to time. 【答案】1. northern　2. pollution　3. impossible　4. wives　5. factories　6. since　7. all your life　8. interview　9. from time to time　10. have moved away 三、单项填空。 1. Don’t put the _____________ into the river, or the fish in it may die. A. problem B. noise C. waste D. air 2.— Have you _________ been to Sanhe Ancient Town? — No, I have ___________ been there, but I plan to visit it this summer. A. ever; never B. never; never C. never; ever D. ever; ever 3. — Do you know John has changed a lot _________ the past three years? — Yes. He used to be very shy, but now he can speak in front of the school bravely. A. over B. for C. of D. on 4. When she got an education in America, she _________ how important her family was for her. A. realized B. improved C. imagined D. hoped 5. Our new classmate often stays __________ . He must feel _________ . Let’s go to help him. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely 【答案】1-5 CAAAA 课堂小结 课后作业 一、完形填空。 A man with a green bag walked into a doctor’s room. “Please sit down. Open your mouth and 1 your tongue(舌头),”the doctor said, “OK. You can 2 your mouth now. It’s clear something is 3 with you. You have to do more exercise.” “But, doctor,” the man said. “I don’t think…” “Don’t tell me what you 4 ,” the doctor said. “I am the doctor, not you. I know 5 you need. I see hundreds of people like you. None of them get any exercise. They 6 in offices all day and in front of the television in the 7 .What you need is to walk quickly for at least 30 8 a day.” “Doctor, you don’t understand,” the man said. “I…” “I don’t want to hear any 9 ” the doctor said. “You must find time for exercise. If you don’t, you will get 10 and have health problems when you are older.” “But I walk every day.” the man said. “Oh, yes, and I know what kind of walking that is. You 11 a few meters to the train station from your house, a few more meters from the station to your office, and a few more meters from your office to a 12 for lunch and back.” “Please listen to me, doctor!” the man shouted, getting 13 . “I’m a mailman.” the man continued, “I walk for seven hours every day and I come to 14 letters.” For a moment, the doctor said nothing, and 15 he said slowly, “Put your tongue out again, will you?” ( )1. A. put on B. put out C. put away D. put off ( )2. A. open B. close C. fill D. try ( )3. A. wrong B. strange C. nice D. exciting ( )4. A. discuss B. talk C. think D. meet ( )5. A. how B. why C. where D. what ( )6. A. eat B. stand C. run D. sit ( )7. A. evening B. afternoon C. noon D. morning ( )8. A. seconds B. minutes C. hours D. days ( )9. A. news B. advice C. excuses D. messages ( )10.A.thin B. healthy C. fat D. strong ( )11.A. walk B. drive C. run D. fly ( )12.A. office B. school C. restaurant D. factory ( )13.A. sad B. excited C. surprised D. angry ( )14.A. get B. send C. bring D. have ( )15.A. or B. so C. but D. Then 【答案】1-5 BBACD 6-10 DABCC 11-15 ACDBD 二、阅读理解。 1. Visitors can at the People’s Park. A. ride a bike B. go fishing C. park their cars D. walk a pet dog 2. Mr. Wang takes his 10-year-old son to Water World. He needs to pay. A. 85 yuan B. 120 yuan C. 140 yuan D. 150 yuan 3. According to the map, there is a to the north of the lake. A. square B. restroom C. store D. restaurant 4. We can learn from the reading that _________. A. the park has a history of over 70 years B. the park is the newest one in the city C. there are two restrooms in the park D. the ticket to Sand Area is cheap 【答案】1-4 CCBC 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 8B Unit 1 Past and Present Comic strip~ Reading知识点讲义 重点短语 Welcome to the unit 1. past and present 过去和现在 2. in the bowl 在碗里 3. an hour ago 一小时前 4. —Have you seen my food? 你见过我的食物吗？ —Yes, I’ve just eaten it. 是的，我刚把它吃了。 5. used to share food with me 过去常常和我分享食物 6. be so kind to me 对我那么好 7. transport at different times 不同时代的交通工具 8. by bike/ bus/ underground/ car/ taxi/ coach/ train/ plane 骑自行车/乘公交车/地铁/汽车/出租车/长途汽车/火车/飞机 9. Why didn’t you take a bus? 你为什么不乘公交车呢？ 10. too many people 太多人 11. It took a long time to wait for the next bus. 花费很长时间等到下一班公交车。 12. It’s easy and fast (to go to school by bus). (乘公交车去上学)既简便又快捷。 Reading 1. I’ve lived here since I was born. 我自出生就住在这里。 2. move house 搬家 3. in the northern part of town 在城镇的北部 4. get married 结婚 5. move two blocks away 搬离两个街区 6. We’ve lived in this area since then. 从那时起我们就住在这个地区了。 7. over the years 在这几年中 8. turn part of the town centre into a new park 将镇中心的部分变为一个新公园 9. a steel factory 一个钢厂 10. put the waste into the river 将废物投入河中 11. realize the problem 意识到这个问题 12. take action to improve the situation 采取措施改善情况 13. in some ways 在某种程度上 14. move away 搬离 15. know little about… 对……知道很少 know nothing about…对……一无所知 16. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before. 我们已经不可能像以前那样经常见到彼此了。 17. used to play cards and Chinese chess together 过去常常一起打牌，下象棋 18. feel a bit lonely from time to time 不时地感到有点孤单 19. Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town. 即使这样，看到镇上这些令人吃惊的变化还是挺好的。 20. be made by machines 由机器来做 21. because of being alone 由于独处 22. have an interview with her husband 对她的丈夫进行采访 23. all his life 他的一生 24. Sunshine Town has changed a lot over the years. / There have been great changes in Sunshine Town over the years. / Great changes have taken place in Sunshine Town over the years. 在过去几年中，阳光镇发生了巨大变化。 知识梳理 Cmoic strip & Welcome to the unit知识点讲解 1. I’ve just eaten it. 我刚才把它吃了。 【精讲】just 作副词，意为“刚刚、刚才”，通常与现在完成时连用。 【例句】Mr Wang has just left our classroom. 王老师刚刚离开我们的教室。 【辨析】just&just now 二者都可以表示“刚刚、刚才”，但是just通常用于现在完成时，just now 通常用于一般过去时。 【例句】 We have just seen the film. 我们刚刚看了那部电影。 We saw the film just now. 我们刚才看了那部电影。 2. You used to share food with me!你过去常常与我分享食物！ 【短语】used to 意为“曾经，过去常常”，暗含“现在不再”之意，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。 【例句】I used to read English in the evening, but I usually read it in the morning. 我过去常常在晚上读英语，但我现在通常早上读。 3. used to go to school by bike. 我过去骑自行车上学。 【短语】by bike 意为“骑自行车”，是介词短语，常在句中作方式状语。 【例句】Do you go to school by bike or foot? 你是骑自行车还是不行去上学？ 【拓展】交通方式常用的表达方法： ①by+表示交通工具的名词，表示泛指乘某种交通工具。该介词短语在句中作状语。 by sea/ water/ ship 乘船/由水路 by air/ plane 乘飞机 by land/ train/ bus 经陆路/乘火车/乘公共汽车 ②take+a/the+表示交通工具的名词，在句中作谓语。 He takes the train to Nanjing every year. 他每年都乘火车去南京。 I usually take the subway to go home. 我通常乘地铁回家。 ③on foot “步行”，是介词短语，在句中作状语。 My dad goes to work on foot every day. 我爸爸每天步行去上班。 4. Well, there were always too many people on the bus ... 嗯，那时公共汽车上总是有太多人…… 【短语】too many 意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。too much 也意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词。 【例句】There are too many books in the box. 这个箱子里有太多的书。 【拓展】much too 与 too much 是两个意义和用法完全不同的词组，much too 意为“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词，表程度。 【例句】The watch is much too expensive. 这块手表太贵了。 5. ...and it took a long time to wait for the next one. ……等下一班公共汽车要用很长时间。 (1) 【精讲】这是一个“It takes /took (sb.)some time to do sth.”句型，意为“（某人）花费多长时间做某事”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 【例句】It takes me about the minutes to get to school by bus from the bus stop. 从公共汽车站乘车到学校大约需要10分钟。 (2) 【精讲】one 在此处作代词，指代单数的人或物。 【例句】This coat is too small. Do you have a bigger one? 这件外套太小，你有大一点的吗？（one在此处代coat） 【拓展】ones 作代词，指代复数的人或物。 I don’t like the coloured enveloped, I like the white ones. 我不喜欢彩色信封，我喜欢白色的。（ones在此处代指envelopes） Reading知识点讲解 1. I’ve lived here since I was born. 自从我出生以来就一直住在这里。 【精讲】since此处用作连词，意为“自……以来”，引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 【例句】Tom has been in this room since he came here half an hour ago. 汤姆自从半小时前到这以来一直在这个房间。 【拓展】since 也可用作介词，后面接表示时间点，since then意为“从那时起”。 【例句】We’ve known about it since May. 我们从5月份起就知道这件事了。 注意：如果说明某一动作或状态持续了多长时间，用for+一段时间。 We have stayed in Shanghai for 3 days. 我们在上海已经待了3天。 2. Have you ever moved house? 你曾搬过家吗？ (1) 【精讲】ever作副词，意为“曾经”。 【例句】I hardly ever see him nowadays. 我现在几乎见不到他。 (2) 【精讲】move此处作及物动词，意为“移动，搬动；迁移，搬家”。 【例句】He moved the sofa to the left. 你把沙发移到了左边。 3. I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents。我最初和我的父母一起住在城镇的北部。 【短语】in the northern part of town=in the north of town，意为“城镇的北部”。northern形容词，意为“在……南部”。 【拓展】 (1)southern 形容词，意为“南部的，南方的”。 in the southern part of 意为“在……南部”。 在……南部 in the south of 在……西部in the west of 在……东部in the east of 在……的中心in the centre of (2)在英语中表示两地位置关系时，若A地在B地范围之内，用介词in；若A地与B地接壤，用介词on；A地与B地之间有间隔，用介词to。 4. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then。当我1965年结婚时，我和我妻子搬到了两个街区以外，此后我们一直住在这里。 (1) 【短语】get married 意为“结婚”。 【拓展】结婚的其他表达形式：①A marry B ②A get/be married to B 【例句】My parents got married in 1995. 我父母1995年结的婚。 (2) 【精讲】away副词，意为“远离，离开”。 【例句】Tom’s father is away from home. 汤姆的父亲离我家在外。 5. Has the town changed a lot over the year?近几年间这个城镇变化大吗？ (1) 【精讲】a lot 在此用作副词短语，意为“很，非常”，常修饰动词、感叹词、形容词/副词的比较级，在剧中作程度副词。 【例句】It usually rains a lot at this time of year. 每年这个时候都经常下很多雨。 (2) 【短语】over the years 意为“在这几年间”，over在此作介词，意为“在……期间”。 【例句】He has grown into a big boy over the years. 几年间他已经长成一个大男孩。 6. Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park。现在政府已把城镇中心的一部分改建成一个新公园。 【短语】turn...into...意为“把……变成……”。 【拓展】与turn有关的短语 turn on 打开 turn off关闭 turn up调高 turn down调低 turn around转身 turn out证明是，结果是 【例句】The government turned wastelands into rice fields. 政府把荒地变为稻田。 7. Was pollution a problem then? 那时污染是一个问题吗？ (1) 【精讲】pollution 不可数名词，意为“污染”。 【短语】water pollution 水污染， noise pollution噪音污染， air pollution 空气污染， light pollution 光污染 【例句】I think noise pollution can drive people mad. 我认为噪音污染会让人发疯。 (2) 【精讲】problem可数名词，意为“问题；难题”。 【例句】Pollution brings a lot of problems. 污染带来了许多问题。 【辨析】problem&question problem 着重指难以解决（solve）的“问题”或“难题” The government is trying to solve the problem. 政府正在努力解决这一问题。 question 指提出（ask）并有待回答（answer）的“问题”或“疑问” Can you answer this question? 你能回答这个问题吗？ 8. They often put the waste into the river. 他们经常把废物排入河中。 (1) 【短语】put...into... “把……放进……” 【拓展】与put有关的短语 put out扑灭 put on穿上 put in安装 put off推迟 put up张贴，搭建 put away收拾，整理 put through接通电话 【例句】The soup is too salty. You should put some water into it. 这汤太咸了，你应当放些水在里面。 (2) 【精讲】waste此处用作不可数名词，意为“废物，废弃物”。 【例句】You should keep the waste in a special place. 你应该把这些废物放在一个专门的地方。 9. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. 后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。 (1) 【精讲】realized是动词realize的过去式。realize在此用作及物动词，意为“意识到”。 【例句】He didn’t realized his mistake. 他没有意识到他的错误。 (2) 【短语】take action 意为“采取行动”。take action to do sth. 意为“采取行动做某事”。 【例句】They took action to protect wild animals. 他们采取行动保护野生动物。 (3) 【精讲】improve 在此用作及物动词，意为“改进，改善”，它的名词形式是improvement。 【例句】I want to improve my English. 我想提高我的英语水平。 10. Well, in some ways it is. 嗯，在某种程度上是这样的。 【短语】In some ways 意为“在某种程度上，在某些方面”。 【例句】She has changed a lot in some ways. 在某些方面她改变了很多。 【拓展】与way有关的短语 in many ways从很多方面来说 in no way绝不，不论如何都不 by the way顺便说一下 lose one’s way 迷路 in one’s way 挡住某人的路 on one’s way to 在某人去．．．．．．的路上 11. However, most of old friends have moved away. 然而我的大多数老朋友都搬走了。 【精讲】however副词，意为“然而”，可位于句首、句中或句末；位于句首时，其后用逗号；位于句中时，其前后均用逗号；位于句末时，其前用逗号。 【例句】However, this does not always happen. 然而，这样的情况并不是总是发生。 【辨析】however与but 含义 位置 注意点 例句 however 副词，意为“然而”，转折的意为较弱 可位于句首、句中或句末 常用逗号与句子分开 He likes music. However, his wife doesn’t. 他喜欢音乐，然而他的妻子不喜欢。 but 连词，意为“但是”，转折的意味较强 位于分句的句首 后面一般不用逗号 He likes music, but his wife doesn’t.他喜欢音乐，但是他的妻子不喜欢。 12. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before. 对于我们来说再像以前那样经常互相见面是不可能了。 (1) 【精讲】impossible 形容词，意为“不可能的”。 impossible是由形容词possible加否定前缀im-构成的。 在英语中，形容词的否定前缀有un-,in-,im-,ir-,dis-等。有些形容词加上相应的否定前缀，就构成其反义词，这种构词法称为派生法。 ①大多数形容词加前缀un-构成反义词。 necessary----unnecessary(不必要的) friendly------unfriendly（不友好的） ②以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词。 correct----incorrect(不正确的) expensive-----inexpensive（不昂贵的） ③以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词。 proper------improper（不合适的） polite------impolite（不礼貌的） ④以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-构成反义词。 regular----- irregular(不规则的) ⑤有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词。 honest------dishonest(不诚实的) (2) 【短语】as... as before 意为“和以前一样……”。 【精讲】as...as...意为“像．．．．．．一样．．．．．．”，中间用形容词或副词原级。as...as...的否定形式是not as/so...as...，意为“不如．．．．．．”。 【例句】My younger sister is as tall as me.我妹妹和我一样高。 We went to help the old man as often as before.我们像以前一样那么经常地去帮助那位老人。 13. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 现在我时不时会觉得有点孤独。 (1) 【精讲】a bit 意为“有点儿”，表示程度，后可跟形容词、副词的原级或比较级，相当于a little。 【例句】I’m a bit tired. 我有点累。 (2) 【精讲】lonely形容词，意为“孤独的、寂寞的”。 【辨析】lonely与alone lonely 形容词，可以作表语或定语。意为“寂寞的，孤单的”时，强调人内心的感受；意为“偏僻的，荒凉的，人迹罕至的”时，强调地理位置 Living in a big city can make people feel lonely sometimes. 生活在大城市有时会让人感到寂寞。 alone 可作形容词或副词，意为“单独，独自” I never feel lonely when I am alone.我一个人时从不感到寂寞。 (3) 【短语】from time to time 意为“不时，有时，偶尔”。 She has to work at weekends from time to time. 周末她偶尔得上班。 14. Anyway, it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town.不管怎样，看到城镇这些令人惊叹的变化，还是不错。 【精讲】anyway 副词，意为“尽管，即使这样”，常用作让步状语，相当于anyhow。 【例句】Anyway, you should try. 无论如何，你应该试一试。 15. not happy because of being alone因为独自一人而不高兴 【精讲】because of 意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词（短语）。在句中，常可以和because引导的原因状语从句互换。 I had to stay at home because of the heavy rain yesterday. =I had to stay at home because it rained heavily yesterday. 昨天下大雨，我只好待在家里。 【辨析】because of 与because 词性 用法 例句 because of 介词短语 后跟名词、代词或动名词（短语） He has poor eyesight because of working too much in front of the computer.由于长期在电脑前工作，他视力很差。 because 连词 后跟从句 Because he is ill, he is absent today.因为他病了，所以他今天没来。 16. Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town. 在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。 【精讲】take place 意为“发生”，与happen意思相近，但用法有区别。take place 常指经过安排而发生，而happen常指偶然发生，他们都没有被动语态。 【例句】Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 17. Luckily, the government took action to improve the situation later.幸运的是，后来政府采取措施改善了情况。 【精讲】luckily 副词，意为“幸运地”，通常位于句子开头，后面用逗号与句子隔开。反义词是unluckily. 【例句】Luckily, I didn’t hurt myself. 幸运的是，我没有伤到自己。 【辨析】luckily,lucky与luck luckily 副词 幸好，幸运地 在句中作状语 Luckily,I passed the driving test.幸运的是，我通过了驾照考试。 lucky 形容词 幸运的 在句中作定语或表语 You are so lucky.你真幸运。 luck 不可数名词 运气 可作宾语、主语等 I hope the present will bring you good.我希望这件礼物能带给你好运。   例题精讲 一、根据句意、首字母、汉语提示及所给词的适当形式填空。 1. He has been in the club s 1990. 2. In many big cities, some people go to work by u . 3. In the p many people didn’t have enough food to eat. 4. How many ( factory ) are there in your home town? 5. How to get rid of (浪费) is a great problem for the world today. 6. When I came to the new school, I felt (alone) because I had no friends here. 7. China has built a new great wall across the (north) part of the country. 8. (pollution) from cars is the main cause of global warming. 9. Great changes (take ) place in the village. 10. We (wait) for the bus when the heavy snow began. 二、单项选择 ( )1. Susan and I have been friends_______ five years. A since B. after C. for D. over ( )2. - Have you ever been to NanJing? - Yes, _________. A. I was B. I do C. I am D. I have ( )3. Holly has_______ fed the dog, but she hasn't watered the plants _______. A still; already B. already; yet C. yet; still D. yet; already ( )4. You can_______ this dictionary from me, but you can't_______ it to others. A borrow; borrow B. lend; lend C. borrow; lend D. lend; borrow ( )5. My grandma_______ us stories when I was young. A was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling ( )6．________ number of the students in Class 3________forty-eight． A．The；is B．A；are C．A；is D．The；are ( )7．There are about five__________ young trees on the hill． A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of ( )8．—_______have you known each other? —Since we were in our childhood． A．How far B．How often C．How long D．How soon ( )9．My grandfather lives in a village________，but he never feels_________． A．alone；alone B．lonely；alone C．lonely；lonely D．alone；lonely ( )10．This is the most beautiful park I have __________visited． A．ever B．not C. never D．yet ( )11．It was raining __________ we got there. A．while B．when C．as D．as soon as ( )12．This kind of computer looks __________ and sells __________ in this shop． A．nice；good B．nice；well C．well；well D．good；nice ( )13.Mr. Li ______ to Shanghai. He will be back in two weeks. A.goes B.go C.went D.has gone ( )14.—______ you ______ any films recently, Sandy? —No, I haven’t. A.Did; see B.Will; see C.Have; saw D.Have; seen ( )15. James ____ the White Tower Park if it_________ tomorrow. A. are going to, isn’t rainy B. are going to, doesn’t rain C. is going to, won’t rain D. is going to, isn’t rainy 课堂练习 一、根据汉语提示完成单词。 1. Candy got married last month. Her ____________（丈夫）is a doctor. 2. Lianyungang, a city with rich cultures, is in the ____________（北方的）part of Jiangsu Province. 3. Most of her ____________（已婚的）friends are busy with their family affairs（事务）all day long. 4. She took the dog for a walk around the _____________（街区）. 5. Tommy can’t run as fast as _____________（之前） because of the health problem. 6. Mr. Hong has helped me _________（改进；改善）my handwriting a lot, so I want to thank him with my fantastic works. 7. Using English in real _________（情境）will make our English skills better. 8. The officer was angry to see so much _________（废料）in the park. 9. Judy suddenly _________（意识到）that all her friends were helping her, and she was moved. 10. Mark is busy. He now runs one of the largest _________（工厂）. 二、用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。 pollute, since, interview, wife, all one’s life， north, possible, move away, from time to time, factory 1. Shenyang is one of the largest cities in the __________ part of China. 2. What do you think of the air __________ in your hometown? 3.It’s ___________ to finish the work in such a short time. We need more help. 4. The workers’ __________ gathered(聚集) and talked happily. 5.More and more ___________ are becoming smarter and need fewer workers because of new technologies. 6.With the teachers’ help, we have greatly improved ourselves _____________ we entered junior high school three years ago. 7. — We wish you happiness _____________ ! — Thank you. And the same to you. 8. The ___________ lasted for two hours and it made all the people very tired. 9. We haven’t seen each other for a long time, but we send emails __________________ . 10. Most of my fiends __________________, Now I miss them from time to time. 三、单项填空。 1. Don’t put the _____________ into the river, or the fish in it may die. A. problem B. noise C. waste D. air 2.— Have you _________ been to Sanhe Ancient Town? — No, I have ___________ been there, but I plan to visit it this summer. A. ever; never B. never; never C. never; ever D. ever; ever 3. — Do you know John has changed a lot _________ the past three years? — Yes. He used to be very shy, but now he can speak in front of the school bravely. A. over B. for C. of D. on 4. When she got an education in America, she _________ how important her family was for her. A. realized B. improved C. imagined D. hoped 5. Our new classmate often stays __________ . He must feel _________ . Let’s go to help him. A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonely 课堂小结 课后作业 一、完形填空。 A man with a green bag walked into a doctor’s room. “Please sit down. Open your mouth and 1 your tongue(舌头),”the doctor said, “OK. You can 2 your mouth now. It’s clear something is 3 with you. You have to do more exercise.” “But, doctor,” the man said. “I don’t think…” “Don’t tell me what you 4 ,” the doctor said. “I am the doctor, not you. I know 5 you need. I see hundreds of people like you. None of them get any exercise. They 6 in offices all day and in front of the television in the 7 .What you need is to walk quickly for at least 30 8 a day.” “Doctor, you don’t understand,” the man said. “I…” “I don’t want to hear any 9 ” the doctor said. “You must find time for exercise. If you don’t, you will get 10 and have health problems when you are older.” “But I walk every day.” the man said. “Oh, yes, and I know what kind of walking that is. You 11 a few meters to the train station from your house, a few more meters from the station to your office, and a few more meters from your office to a 12 for lunch and back.” “Please listen to me, doctor!” the man shouted, getting 13 . “I’m a mailman.” the man continued, “I walk for seven hours every day and I come to 14 letters.” For a moment, the doctor said nothing, and 15 he said slowly, “Put your tongue out again, will you?” ( )1. A. put on B. put out C. put away D. put off ( )2. A. open B. close C. fill D. try ( )3. A. wrong B. strange C. nice D. exciting ( )4. A. discuss B. talk C. think D. meet ( )5. A. how B. why C. where D. what ( )6. A. eat B. stand C. run D. sit ( )7. A. evening B. afternoon C. noon D. morning ( )8. A. seconds B. minutes C. hours D. days ( )9. A. news B. advice C. excuses D. messages ( )10.A.thin B. healthy C. fat D. strong ( )11.A. walk B. drive C. run D. fly ( )12.A. office B. school C. restaurant D. factory ( )13.A. sad B. excited C. surprised D. angry ( )14.A. get B. send C. bring D. have ( )15.A. or B. so C. but D. Then 二、阅读理解。 1. Visitors can at the People’s Park. A. ride a bike B. go fishing C. park their cars D. walk a pet dog 2. Mr. Wang takes his 10-year-old son to Water World. He needs to pay. A. 85 yuan B. 120 yuan C. 140 yuan D. 150 yuan 3. According to the map, there is a to the north of the lake. A. square B. restroom C. store D. restaurant 4. We can learn from the reading that _________. A. the park has a history of over 70 years B. the park is the newest one in the city C. there are two restrooms in the park D. the ticket to Sand Area is cheap 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$