2025年中考专题复习之词法及专项练习

2025-02-14
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2025中考专题复习之词法及专项练习解析版 1、 词的分类 词性 单词变化形式 单词举例 分类 二级分类 实词 名词 单复数、所有格 book(书)-books, teacher(老师)-teacher's 动词 时态、语态、人称和数的变化 do(原形)-does(三单)-did(过去式)-done(过去分词)-doing(现在分词) 形容词 比较级、最高级 big(大的)-bigger-biggest beautiful(美丽的)-more beautiful-most beautiful 副词 比较级、最高级 fast(快地)-faster-fastest carefully(仔细地)-more carefully-most carefully 代词 主格、宾格、所有格、反身代词等形式变化 I(我,主格)-me(宾格)-my(形容词性物主代词)-mine(名词性物主代词)-myself(反身代词) 数词 基数词变序数词 one(一,基数词)-first(第一,序数词),two(二,基数词)-second(第二,序数词) 虚词 冠词 定冠词 the,不定冠词 a/an a book(一本书),the sun(太阳) 介词 无特定变化形式,不同介词有不同搭配 in(在…… 里面)in the room(在房间里),on(在…… 上面)on the table(在桌子上) 连词 无特定变化形式 and(和),but(但是),if(如果) 感叹词 无特定变化形式 oh(哦),ah(啊),wow(哇) 注:实词有明确独立意义,能单独作主要句子成分且可独立使用,在构成句子成份时会有形式的变化;虚词无独立意义,起辅助作用,不能单独作句子成分,需与实词搭配使用,在使用时不会发生形式上的变化。 2、 中考题型中直接考查词法的题型: 1、单选题; 2、完型填空题; 3、用词的正确形式填空或选词填空; 4、改错题; 5书面表达。 3、 基础过关练习 (1) 单选题 基础过关题 1. There is ____ “h” in the word “hour”. A. a B. an C. the D. / 0. My father ____ to work by car every day. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go 0. This is ____ book. ____ is on the desk. A. my; Your B. mine; Yours C. my; Yours D. mine; Your 0. The story is very ____. We all like it. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. interests 0. I have two ____. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knife's 基础过关单选题答案解析 1. 答案:B解析:“h” 的发音是以元音音素开头的,尽管它是辅音字母,所以表示 “一个 h” 要用不定冠词 an。 2. 答案:B解析:由 “every day” 可知,该句是一般现在时,主语 “My father” 是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词 go 要用第三人称单数形式 goes。 3. 答案:C解析:第一个空后有名词 “book”,需要用形容词性物主代词 my 来修饰;第二个空后没有名词,要用名词性物主代词 yours,相当于 your book。 4. 答案:C解析:“interest” 是名词或动词,“interested” 表示 “感兴趣的”,通常用来修饰人,“interesting” 表示 “有趣的”,常用来修饰物,这里修饰 “story”,所以用 interesting。 5. 答案:C解析:“knife” 的复数形式是把 fe 变为 ve 再加 s,即 knives,“two” 表示复数,所以用 knives。 能力提升提 1. The ____ you work at your lessons, the ____ results you will get. A. hard; good B. harder; good C. hard; better D. harder; better 1. —Can you tell me when Mr. Li ____ in Beijing? —Sure. When he ____, I'll call you. A. arrives; will arrive B. will arrive; arrives C. arrives; arrives D. will arrive; will arrive 0. ____ bad weather it is! We can't go hiking. A. What a B. How a C. What D. How 0. The boy ____ a blue shirt is my brother. A. wears B. in C. put on D. dresses 0. He made me ____ the work alone. A. to do B. do C. doing D. does 能力提升单选题答案解析 1. 答案:D 解析:本题考查 “the + 比较级,the + 比较级” 结构,表示 “越……,越……”,所以第一个空用 hard 的比较级 harder,第二个空用 good 的比较级 better。 2. 答案:B解析:第一句中 “when Mr. Li...in Beijing” 是宾语从句,“arrive” 这个动作还未发生,要用一般将来时 will arrive;第二句中 “when he...” 引导时间状语从句,遵循 “主将从现” 原则,所以用一般现在时 arrives。 3. 答案:C解析:本题考查感叹句。weather 是不可数名词,所以用 “What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语” 结构,故选 What。 4. 答案:B解析:“in + 颜色 / 衣服” 表示 “穿着…… 颜色的衣服 / 穿着…… 衣服”,在这里作后置定语修饰 “The boy”。wears 是动词第三人称单数形式,不能作后置定语;put on 强调 “穿上” 的动作;dresses 的宾语通常是人,所以选 in。 5. 答案:B解析:make 是使役动词,make sb. do sth. 表示 “让某人做某事”,所以用动词原形 do。 (2) 选词填空题 基础题 1. There are two ____ (box) on the desk. 2. She ____ (go) to school by bike every day. 3. My mother is ____ (cook) dinner in the kitchen now. 4. This is not my book. ____ (I) is in the schoolbag. 5. The little girl looks very ____ (happily). 1. 答案:boxes 解析:“two” 表示复数,“box” 是可数名词,其复数形式是在词尾加 “es”,所以填 boxes。 2. 答案:goes 解析:由 “every day” 可知句子是一般现在时,主语 “She” 是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词 “go” 要用第三人称单数形式 goes。 3. 答案:cooking 解析:“now” 表明动作正在进行,用现在进行时,其结构是 “be + 动词的现在分词”,“cook” 的现在分词是直接加 “ing”,所以填 cooking。 4. 答案:Mine 解析:这里需要一个名词性物主代词,表示 “我的书”,“I” 的名词性物主代词是 “Mine”,相当于 “My book” ,所以填 Mine。 5. 答案:happy解析:“look” 在这里是系动词,意为 “看起来”,后面接形容词作表语,“happily” 是副词,其形容词形式是 “happy”,所以填 happy。 能力提升题 1. He is much ____ (tall) than his brother. 2. The ____ (two) lesson is more difficult than the first one. 3. If it ____ (not rain) tomorrow, we will go to the park. 4. The students stopped ____ (talk) when the teacher came in. 5. The old man was so tired that he could hardly walk any ____ (far). 1. 答案:taller解析:句中有 “than”,是比较级的标志词,“tall” 的比较级是直接在词尾加 “er”,所以填 taller,表示 “他比他的兄弟高得多”。 2. 答案:second解析:根据语境,这里表示 “第二课”,“two” 是基数词,“second” 是其对应的序数词,所以填 second。 3. 答案:doesn't rain解析:“if” 引导的条件状语从句遵循 “主将从现” 原则,主句用一般将来时 “will go”,从句要用一般现在时。“rain” 是实义动词,主语 “it” 是第三人称单数,变否定句要借助助动词 doesn't,后面跟动词原形 rain,所以填 doesn't rain。 4. 答案:talking解析:“stop doing sth.” 表示 “停止正在做的事情”,“stop to do sth.” 表示 “停下来去做另一件事”。根据语境 “当老师进来时,学生们停止了交谈”,这里是停止正在进行的动作,所以用 talking。 5. 答案:farther/further解析:“any” 常用于修饰比较级,“far” 的比较级有两种形式 “farther” 和 “further”,“farther” 通常用于表示具体的距离更远,“further” 可表示抽象意义上的更进一步,这里两种都可以,所以填 farther/further ,表示 “这个老人如此疲惫以至于他几乎走不了更远了”。 (3) 短文改错题 基础过关篇 Dear Tom, I'm glad to receive your letter. I'm write to tell you something about my school life. We have many subject at school, such as math, Chinese and English. My favorite subject are English because I think it's very interesting. After class, I often play the basketball with my classmates. How about you? Looking forward to hear from you soon. Best wishes! Li Hua 答案: Dear Tom, I'm glad to receive your letter. I'm write to tell you something about my school life. (write 改为 writing,现在进行时结构 be + doing) We have many subject at school, such as math, Chinese and English. (subject 改为 subjects,many 修饰可数名词复数) My favorite subject are English because I think it's very interesting. (are 改为 is,主语 My favorite subject 是单数) After class, I often play the basketball with my classmates. (去掉 the,play + 球类运动,中间不加冠词) How about you? Looking forward to hear from you soon. (hear 改为 hearing,look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事) Best wishes! Li Hua 能力提升篇 Last Sunday, my family and I go to the zoo. When we arrived, we saw lots of animal there. The monkeys were real funny. They jumped up and down all the time. My little sister was exciting to see the pandas. We stay there for about three hours and had a great time. 答案 Last Sunday, my family and I go to the zoo. (go 改为 went,Last Sunday 表明是一般过去时) When we arrived, we saw lots of animal there. (animal 改为 animals,lots of 修饰可数名词复数) The monkeys were real funny. They jumped up and down all the time. (real 改为 really,修饰形容词 funny 要用副词) My little sister was exciting to see the pandas. (exciting 改为 excited,修饰人用 - ed 结尾的形容词) We stay there for about three hours and had a great time. (stay 改为 stayed,and 连接并列谓语,had 表明是一般过去时) (4) 句子汉译英 基础题 1. 桌子上有一本书。 0. 他每天都踢足球。 0. 这个女孩很漂亮。 0. 我有两个兄弟。 0. 她经常在晚上看电视。 基础题答案 1. There is a book on the desk. 0. He plays football every day. 0. The girl is very beautiful. 0. I have two brothers. 0. She often watches TV in the evening. 能力提升题 1. 如果你明天有空,我们就去公园。 0. 他跑得比我快得多。 0. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 0. 到去年年底,我们已经学了 2000 个英语单词。 0. 他让我等了他两个小时。 能力提升题答案 1. If you are free tomorrow, we will go to the park.(if 引导的条件状语从句,主将从现) 0. He runs much faster than me.(副词比较级的用法,much 修饰比较级) 0. This is the most interesting book I have ever read.(形容词最高级的用法,ever 表示 “曾经”) 0. By the end of last year, we had learned 2,000 English words.(by + 过去时间,句子用过去完成时) 0. He made me wait for him for two hours.(make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 2025中考专题复习之词法及专项练习 1、 词的分类 词性 单词变化形式 单词举例 分类 二级分类 实词 名词 单复数、所有格 book(书)-books, teacher(老师)-teacher's 动词 时态、语态、人称和数的变化 do(原形)-does(三单)-did(过去式)-done(过去分词)-doing(现在分词) 形容词 比较级、最高级 big(大的)-bigger-biggest beautiful(美丽的)-more beautiful-most beautiful 副词 比较级、最高级 fast(快地)-faster-fastest carefully(仔细地)-more carefully-most carefully 代词 主格、宾格、所有格、反身代词等形式变化 I(我,主格)-me(宾格)-my(形容词性物主代词)-mine(名词性物主代词)-myself(反身代词) 数词 基数词变序数词 one(一,基数词)-first(第一,序数词),two(二,基数词)-second(第二,序数词) 虚词 冠词 定冠词 the,不定冠词 a/an a book(一本书),the sun(太阳) 介词 无特定变化形式,不同介词有不同搭配 in(在…… 里面)in the room(在房间里),on(在…… 上面)on the table(在桌子上) 连词 无特定变化形式 and(和),but(但是),if(如果) 感叹词 无特定变化形式 oh(哦),ah(啊),wow(哇) 注:实词有明确独立意义,能单独作主要句子成分且可独立使用,在构成句子成份时会有形式的变化;虚词无独立意义,起辅助作用,不能单独作句子成分,需与实词搭配使用,在使用时不会发生形式上的变化。 2、 中考题型中直接考查词法的题型: 1、单选题; 2、完型填空题; 3、用词的正确形式填空或选词填空; 4、改错题; 5书面表达。 3、 基础过关练习 (1) 单选题 基础过关题 1. There is ____ “h” in the word “hour”. A. a B. an C. the D. / 0. My father ____ to work by car every day. A. go B. goes C. went D. will go 0. This is ____ book. ____ is on the desk. A. my; Your B. mine; Yours C. my; Yours D. mine; Your 0. The story is very ____. We all like it. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. interests 0. I have two ____. A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knife's 能力提升提 1. The ____ you work at your lessons, the ____ results you will get. A. hard; good B. harder; good C. hard; better D. harder; better 1. —Can you tell me when Mr. Li ____ in Beijing? —Sure. When he ____, I'll call you. A. arrives; will arrive B. will arrive; arrives C. arrives; arrives D. will arrive; will arrive 0. ____ bad weather it is! We can't go hiking. A. What a B. How a C. What D. How 0. The boy ____ a blue shirt is my brother. A. wears B. in C. put on D. dresses 0. He made me ____ the work alone. A. to do B. do C. doing D. does (2) 选词填空题 基础题 1. There are two ____ (box) on the desk. 2. She ____ (go) to school by bike every day. 3. My mother is ____ (cook) dinner in the kitchen now. 4. This is not my book. ____ (I) is in the schoolbag. 5. The little girl looks very ____ (happily). 能力提升题 1. He is much ____ (tall) than his brother. 2. The ____ (two) lesson is more difficult than the first one. 3. If it ____ (not rain) tomorrow, we will go to the park. 4. The students stopped ____ (talk) when the teacher came in. 5. The old man was so tired that he could hardly walk any ____ (far). (3) 短文改错题 基础过关篇 Dear Tom, I'm glad to receive your letter. I'm write to tell you something about my school life. We have many subject at school, such as math, Chinese and English. My favorite subject are English because I think it's very interesting. After class, I often play the basketball with my classmates. How about you? Looking forward to hear from you soon. Best wishes! Li Hua 能力提升篇 Last Sunday, my family and I go to the zoo. When we arrived, we saw lots of animal there. The monkeys were real funny. They jumped up and down all the time. My little sister was exciting to see the pandas. We stay there for about three hours and had a great time. (4) 句子汉译英 基础题 1. 桌子上有一本书。 0. 他每天都踢足球。 0. 这个女孩很漂亮。 0. 我有两个兄弟。 0. 她经常在晚上看电视。 能力提升题 1. 如果你明天有空,我们就去公园。 0. 他跑得比我快得多。 0. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 0. 到去年年底,我们已经学了 2000 个英语单词。 0. 他让我等了他两个小时。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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2025年中考专题复习之词法及专项练习
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