重难点14 任务型阅读之阅读表达-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（天津专用）

重难点14 任务型阅读之阅读表达 三年考情分析 2025考向预测 年份 语篇类型 主题语境 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 猜词表达 观点态度 近几年，天津卷的阅读表达题，语篇易懂、设问逻辑性强、层次清晰，重点考查考生在理解语篇内容的基础上，获取、理解、再现相关信息，并对相关信息进行分析、综合，对相关话题进行进一步阐释的能力。设问以细节理解题为主，且每篇必有一道词义猜测题和观点态度开放题。 预计2025年，对阅读表达题的考查，必有一道词义猜测题和观点态度开放题，其他以细节理解为主。 2024年3月 议论文 人与自我 2 1 0 1 1 2023年6月 记叙文 人与社会 2 0 1 1 1 2023年3月 传记 人与社会 3 0 0 1 1 2022年6月 记叙文 人与社会 2 0 1 1 1 【题型解读】 高考英语天津卷中的阅读表达题是一种综合性的题型，旨在考察学生的阅读理解能力和书面表达能力。其主要特点包括： 综合性强：将阅读理解与书面表达结合，要求考生在阅读理解的基础上，用英语回答问题或完成任务。 题材广泛：文章多涉及日常生活、社会热点及科技题材，贴近学生实际，同时考察学生的综合知识积累。 题目形式多样：问题类型涵盖理解具体信息、解释生词词义、概括段落要义、阐述作者意图及陈述个人观点等。 评分标准严格：答案需准确、简洁、符合题干要求，同时注重语言表达的准确性和逻辑性。 【备考策略】 考生在备考时要广泛阅读、勤于思考，特别是对于叙事类语篇进行研读，训练自己对文段大意的归纳、总结能力和对语篇中某些情节进行推断的能力。要多“练手”，即在理解语篇和揣摩作者写作意图的基础上，尝试运用所学语言知识表达作者的写作意图或语篇主旨，或者有意识地练习表达自己的观点和态度等。要重视对语言知识的积累和应用，要通过实战演练不断提高自己的书面表达能力。 【解题技巧】 1. 认真审题，读懂题目要求！ 2. 常用的问答形式有：What→句子、名词或动词的- ing形式；列举→名词或动词的- ing形式； Why → Because…/ To do…/ Because of…/ Thanks to…；How → By doing…。一般情况下，用句子作答比较稳妥。 3. 注意答语的时态必须与问题的时态保持一致。 4. 注意答语的人称及时间词的调整。 5. 注意答语的完整性，仔细阅读原文，不要遗漏要点。 6. 注意猜词表达题的答语要与原词的词性保持一致；如果是猜测句子含义，就要尽量避免使用原词表达，多用近义词语或语义相近的表达。 7. 注意答语的词数必须符合规定，切忌过少，如：要求用不超过10个词回答，如果只用了两三个词回答，通常会被视为草率作答，不给分。 8. 注意书写规范！ （建议用时：60分钟） （2024·天津卷第一次） Awake from a short sleep in her chair, my grandmother ran her fingers through her wavy white hair, looked out her window at the blue sky, and asked me what I would wish for if I had just one wish. She often asks this, and I always answer the same way— “To have Granddad back” —which usually gets her reminiscing about him. Memories of their 67-year life together would always make her smile. My grandmother was born in Ireland. In her teens, she moved to a poor village in England. At 28, my grandmother walked herself through the snow to birth her first child. When she was 50, she survived an emergency surgery. In her 60s, she suffered from arthritis(关节炎)but still managed to climb Snowdon, Wales’s tallest peak. About a decade ago, I noticed that she began to lose her hearing. If I asked what she had for lunch, she might say, “Oh, the weather has been lovely today.” She seemed to recycle the same handful of answers to my questions. In recent years, I’ve been trying to show up for her more, in person. One day after I made us coffee, I asked her: “What’s the secret to being successful in your 90s?” “Oh Richard, so many people are old at 60. They just want to sit all day. You won’t make it to 90 like that. You have to try.” “Try what?” “Try walking,” she said. “Try gardening. Try cooking. Trying doesn’t require a lot of trying. Just try a little. Like, with this coffee you’ve made us. I know you tried.” Even at 93, my grandmother still knits blankets for the local hospital’s babies and buys books to continue with her French. “Age is just another bot- her attempting to convince you of the impossible in the world, but actually the world is filled with possibilities,” she once said. 1．What does the underlined phrase mean in Paragraph 2? (no more than 2 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．Why did the author’s grandmother recycle the same answers to his questions? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．How can people be successful in old age according to the author’s grandmother? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．In your opinion, what can young people do to improve the quality of old people’s life? (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2023·天津卷第二次） Herman Cruse, a school bus driver from New Jersey, has been with Middle Township Public Schools for the past nine years. He believes bus drivers are the eyes and ears of students when they're away from home and they have a gift to discern what kids are feeling. During one morning ride, Cruse noticed a kindergartner seemed a little sad. When Cruse asked him what was wrong, the boy explained that he wasn't able to complete his reading assignment because his parents were busy with his four siblings (兄弟姐妹). An idea suddenly crossed Cruse's mind. “Listen, if you don't mind, I'd like to come to the school and read with you.” he said. After receiving permission from the boy's teacher, Alex Bakley, Cruse showed up at her classroom the following week. When he walked in, the boy shouted proudly, “Hey, that's my bus driver!” They went into a quiet corner and began reading together. Later, a second student wanted to read with him, then a third. All the kids went to the teacher asking, “Can I read with Mr. Herman?” Cruse now volunteers to help kindergarten students with reading two days a week, and on a third day, he instructs the school's first-and second-graders. After dropping the kids off at school, of course. Every child looks up to Cruse, both on and off the school bus. “Herman is super positive and he's a bright light at our school who makes every child feel loved and heard.” said Bakley. For Cruse, what started out as a way to kill time has now developed into a way to make a difference in the heart of a child. He used to go to the gym or library after delivering students to schools. It wasn't until he offered to help the boy on the bus that he realized there was something more rewarding he could be doing. It's a joy for him to see the kids get excited when they learn to sound out words. He loves how reading opens up a new world for them. 1．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word) ____________________________________________________________________________________________2．Why did the boy on the bus look a little upset? (no more than 11 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．What help does Cruse offer after delivering students to schools? (no more than 12 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．Why does Cruse think his voluntary work is rewarding according to the last paragraph? (no more than 16 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．Who's “a bright light” in your life? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2023·天津卷第一次） Growing up in San Francisco, Grace Young used to watch her father shop daily in Chinatown for whatever he needed to make traditional Chinese meals at home. As an award-winning cookbook author, Ms. Young, now 66, has spent decades shopping the same way in New York’s Chinatown. Ms. Young developed a passion for cooking at an early age. At 13, she started to sit in on cooking classes. After college, Ms. Young moved to New York and worked in a book-packaging company. In her 30s, she realized that while she had helped create more than 40 cookbooks, she didn’t know how to make the dishes that tasted of home. “I knew if I recorded all of my parents’ recipes, it would be a great gift that I could give my family and the next generation.” she says. Yet what began as a recipe book became a kind of memoir. Talking about food encouraged her parents to finally open up about their past, like the fact that her father had owned a Chinatown restaurant in the 1940s. “It was really an amazing way to learn not only my family’s recipes, but also my family’s story. “she says. The Wisdom of the Chinese Kitchen (1999) launched Ms. Young’s work in preserving and sustaining Chinese culinary (烹饪的)traditions. Ms. Young has also devoted herself to supporting the restaurants in Chinatown. Since early 2020, Ms. Young has raised money to buy meals from Chinatown restaurants and deliver them to those in need. This year, instead of cooking at home for her husband and friends, she celebrated the Chinese New Year with various dishes from local restaurants in Chinatown. “If these restaurants don’t survive, Chinese culinary traditions in our city won’t survive.” she says. 1．What is Ms. Young known as? (no more than 5 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________2．Why did Ms. Young want to record her parents’ recipes? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 3? (no more than 2 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．What has Ms. Young done to help Chinatown restaurants? Please give an example. (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．How does Ms. Young inspire you in her efforts to preserve Chinese Culinary traditions? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2022·天津卷第二次） It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate. Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying from electrical transformers(变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity? The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious. There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time, we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for that! Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve. 1．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word) ____________________________________________________________________________________________2．What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．How did the people celebrate on New Year’s Eve according to the passage? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve? (no more than 8 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation? Please explain why. (no more than 25words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2021·天津卷第二次） Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential for teaching. She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation(动画制作)too.” She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their own using animation software, such as GoAnimate and PowToon. Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is “to get the tools to the people.” “You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,” she explained. Most of Anneke’s students start out thinking they’re not creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works. She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids. “Tm an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others later in their lives to catch up with her on this journey. 1．What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________2．According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．What is the main idea of Para. 3? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4(1 word) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．What do you suggest old people learn to do? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2024·天津河北·二模） James Warren, a frequent public bus rider in Denver, noticed a significant problem: many bus stops lacked seating. Particularly on a cold morning in January, Warren observed a woman waiting for a bus, with no seating available at the stop and no sidewalk, forcing her to sit in the dirt. Motivated by this sight, Warren took scrap (废料；废品) wood from construction waste bins and set out to construct a bench. This singular act of kindness evolved into a larger mission when he realized that one bench was far from enough. In the Denver metro area alone, there are more than 9, 000 bus stops, many of which lack seating or shelter. To add a personal touch and spread a message of compassion, he carved “Be kind” into each bench, symbolizing the spirit of the project. Warren’s initiative resonated with the community, especially among those who benefited daily from the benches. “I met some ladies the other day who talked about how they used the benches every day. It fills me up. It’s air in my tires.” Warren recalled. His enthusiasm increased as more people joined his bench-making efforts. “I’ve had a lot of people reach out to me on Twitter,” he mentioned. “Some people have wanted to come and help me.” Inspired by Warren’s work, others in the local news audience decided to contribute as well, with many donating supplies. “That puts me over the moon,” Warren expressed. Nica Cave, a 26-year-old mobility advocate (改善交通运输系统的倡导者) from Denver, emphasized the wider impact of the initiative. “The absence of proper infrastructure, shelter, and seating at transit stops, such as bus stops and train stations, disadvantages those who rely on public transportation. People like Warren are encouraging, showing how individuals are willing to use their own time and resources to provide these much-needed services.” Warren envisions extending his project beyond simply providing benches. He plans to create a bench-building workshop to foster community engagement and support. His ultimate goal is to enhance the quality of life in his community and inspire similar actions elsewhere, emphasizing that small acts of kindness and effort can load to significant improvements in daily experiences. 1．What are Warren’s benches at the bus stops made from? (no more than 6 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________2．How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．Why did Warren feel happy? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．What can you learn from the story? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2024·天津南开·二模） At 16 years old, Sam had always been a relatively good student. He put in an effort to get good grades and keep his parents happy. Neither of his parents had had the opportunity to attend university and for them, Sam becoming a lawyer was their biggest ambition. He knew that achieving this goal would make them happy, but the truth was that he wasn’t sure whether he would feel the same. Since he was only a child, Sam had been passionate about computer programming. He taught himself how to use a computer, and by the age of 12 he had known three different programming languages. He did all of this in his spare time. He was quite an introvert (内向的人) , so he preferred staying in with his computer, rather than going out socialising or playing sports. His parents were fine with this, as long as he continued to focus on his studies. One day, while reading an article online about a young technology billionaire called Thomas O’Connor, everything changed for Sam. In the article, the CEO said that his company was trying to create a new and improved way of paying for goods online but that they were having a problem with the security system. He said if they could overcome this, they could launch the biggest and best online payment system in the world. Sam realised he had an idea on how to solve this problem. Thinking that it wouldn’t come to anything, he emailed the CEO, introducing himself and explaining his idea. He forgot all about it and got on with his life and studies, but then a month later, the most amazing thing happened. He got a response directly from the CEO. He told him he loved his idea and would like him to fly to America to meet with him. He said he knew Sam still needed to finish school, but that when he had, he would be happy to offer Sam a job in the company. Sam was overjoyed, but soon began to worry. What about his parents’ ambition for him? Should he tell them or turn down the offer? It was a difficult decision to make. 1．What was Sam’s parents’ biggest hope for him? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________2．How did Sam learn to use a computer? (no more than 5 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．Why did Sam email the CEO? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．What did the CEO promise Sam? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．Do you think Sam should tell his parents about the offer? And give your reasons. (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2024·天津和平·二模） There are two ways that I often hear the term “hobbyist” being thrown around. The first is by professional woodworkers and is usually in a disparaging (贬低的) tone, like “a hobbyist couldn’t possibly be as good, fast, and talented as a pro”. The other way is by hobbyists themselves and having a beginning like the words “I’m just a... ”. In either case, I don’t understand why this is. To my way of thinking, being a qualified and skilled woodworker can mean that you are a slave to the hard work. I’ve done the work and it isn’t always fun and pretty. It’s not often that you get to do the kind of woodworking that you want and often you are left begging to be paid for the work that you do complete. The other thing to keep in mind that even the most successful furniture makers often supplement their incomes with teaching and writing. Making woodworking courses is well-paid. A few years ago I turned furniture making into a hobby, and this ended up being the best decision I could have made for my overall welling-being. For some time I was starting to dislike woodworking because of all the other stuff I mentioned earlier. Add more pressure to the situation by having a young family and wanting to contribute to the household income, and the stress wasn’t good. Getting a job outside of furniture making allowed me the freedom to build what I wanted, when I wanted. I’ve stayed in the woodworking industry all these years, but what I make in my hobbyist shop simply brings in some money to help feed a healthy tool addiction. So please don’t be ashamed of your hobbyist name. Hobbyists get to explore as many aspects of the craft as they want. They don’t have the pressure of putting food on the table and paying the rent, so they can do whatever they want. No rabbit holes (未知的世界) are off limits for the hobbyist because in the end it’s just your personal time and some materials. So, go ahead, be a proud hobbyist, and hold your chest out with pride. 1．According to the passage, why do professionals sometimes look down upon hobbyists? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________2．According to paragraph 2 what things make the author a slave to the hard work? (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．Why did the author decide to turn furniture making into a hobby? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．How do you understand the underlined part? (no more than 1 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．Do you think being a hobbyist is a good thing? Why or why not? (no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2024·天津河西·二模） I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines (书脊) and odd wood-like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down. One can assume that I didn’t own many old books. I had a few here and there that my parents had gifted me, but nothing too special. In fourth grade, I was ready to venture into a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and juvenile (青少年的) topics. Just then, I found my parents’ old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents’ books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that reading these books was out of the question. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the books, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books. When it was time for me to read the final copy, I was kind of a changed woman. I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much that I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted an entire shelf in my room to the Harry Potter books. Now, I love old books. I love how the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, but you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning, and I love how much they mean to me now. 1．Who did the old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series belong to?(no more than 5words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________2．What does the underlined part “out of the question” in Paragraph 2 mean?(one word) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．How did the author like the plot of the entire Harry Potter series?(no more than 5 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．What does the author mainly talk about in the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．What kind of books do you like reading? Why?(no more than 20 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ （2024·天津河东·二模） I still remember the days when I was a youthful student in an engineering school. I lived a casual life, without caring about the future. I smoked, drank with friends and made girlfriends. Little did I realized that casualness would certainly lead to loss. Two years had passed and I was staring down a report card that highlighted FAIL in more than half the subjects. I didn’t care, at least not till my dad found out about it. You see, I studied in India and unlike the United States where the students are expected to finance their own education, my dad financed me. Then came the day when my dad found out my habit of smoking. He lost his temper but he just told me, “son, your allowance is cut in half from this moment on.” It hit me like a roundhouse kick from Bruce Lee. I was jolted (震摇) out of my bones! I couldn’t comprehend how to pay off the debts that I had accumulated in college. I owed everybody money: the grocery store, the bars, the restaurants, and my friends. I was living a life filled with credit. When I came back to college, I knew if I didn’t change the way I live my life I wouldn’t be able to pay everybody off. So I decided to make some changes, drastic changes. I quitted smoking, cut off from my friends who led me down the wrong road, starting hanging out in libraries and reading my engineering books. One year later, I went from a miserable failure to a Cum Laude(优等成绩). Life was never the same again. This incident made me know that anything is possible if you take action and do something about it, however small or large. Even today it still motivates me when I feel that I’m about to lose or give up. It reminds me that I can do it! 1．What’s the author’s attitude when he saw his report card? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________2．At what time did the father cut the author’s allowance in half? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________3．Why did the author say he was living a life filled with credit? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? (no more than 10 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________5．What can you learn from the passage? (no more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点14 任务型阅读之阅读表达 三年考情分析 2025考向预测 年份 语篇类型 主题语境 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 猜词表达 观点态度 近几年，天津卷的阅读表达题，语篇易懂、设问逻辑性强、层次清晰，重点考查考生在理解语篇内容的基础上，获取、理解、再现相关信息，并对相关信息进行分析、综合，对相关话题进行进一步阐释的能力。设问以细节理解题为主，且每篇必有一道词义猜测题和观点态度开放题。 预计2025年，对阅读表达题的考查，必有一道词义猜测题和观点态度开放题，其他以细节理解为主。 2024年3月 议论文 人与自我 2 1 0 1 1 2023年6月 记叙文 人与社会 2 0 1 1 1 2023年3月 传记 人与社会 3 0 0 1 1 2022年6月 记叙文 人与社会 2 0 1 1 1 【题型解读】 高考英语天津卷中的阅读表达题是一种综合性的题型，旨在考察学生的阅读理解能力和书面表达能力。其主要特点包括： 综合性强：将阅读理解与书面表达结合，要求考生在阅读理解的基础上，用英语回答问题或完成任务。 题材广泛：文章多涉及日常生活、社会热点及科技题材，贴近学生实际，同时考察学生的综合知识积累。 题目形式多样：问题类型涵盖理解具体信息、解释生词词义、概括段落要义、阐述作者意图及陈述个人观点等。 评分标准严格：答案需准确、简洁、符合题干要求，同时注重语言表达的准确性和逻辑性。 【备考策略】 考生在备考时要广泛阅读、勤于思考，特别是对于叙事类语篇进行研读，训练自己对文段大意的归纳、总结能力和对语篇中某些情节进行推断的能力。要多“练手”，即在理解语篇和揣摩作者写作意图的基础上，尝试运用所学语言知识表达作者的写作意图或语篇主旨，或者有意识地练习表达自己的观点和态度等。要重视对语言知识的积累和应用，要通过实战演练不断提高自己的书面表达能力。 【解题技巧】 1. 认真审题，读懂题目要求！ 2. 常用的问答形式有：What→句子、名词或动词的- ing形式；列举→名词或动词的- ing形式； Why → Because…/ To do…/ Because of…/ Thanks to…；How → By doing…。一般情况下，用句子作答比较稳妥。 3. 注意答语的时态必须与问题的时态保持一致。 4. 注意答语的人称及时间词的调整。 5. 注意答语的完整性，仔细阅读原文，不要遗漏要点。 6. 注意猜词表达题的答语要与原词的词性保持一致；如果是猜测句子含义，就要尽量避免使用原词表达，多用近义词语或语义相近的表达。 7. 注意答语的词数必须符合规定，切忌过少，如：要求用不超过10个词回答，如果只用了两三个词回答，通常会被视为草率作答，不给分。 8. 注意书写规范！ （建议用时：60分钟） （2024·天津卷第一次） Awake from a short sleep in her chair, my grandmother ran her fingers through her wavy white hair, looked out her window at the blue sky, and asked me what I would wish for if I had just one wish. She often asks this, and I always answer the same way—“To have Granddad back” —which usually gets her reminiscing about him. Memories of their 67-year life together would always make her smile. My grandmother was born in Ireland. In her teens, she moved to a poor village in England. At 28, my grandmother walked herself through the snow to birth her first child. When she was 50, she survived an emergency surgery. In her 60s, she suffered from arthritis(关节炎)but still managed to climb Snowdon, Wales’s tallest peak. About a decade ago, I noticed that she began to lose her hearing. If I asked what she had for lunch, she might say, “Oh, the weather has been lovely today.” She seemed to recycle the same handful of answers to my questions. In recent years, I’ve been trying to show up for her more, in person. One day after I made us coffee, I asked her: “What’s the secret to being successful in your 90s?” “Oh Richard, so many people are old at 60. They just want to sit all day. You won’t make it to 90 like that. You have to try. ” “Try what? ” “Try walking, ” she said. “Try gardening. Try cooking. Trying doesn’t require a lot of trying. Just try a little . Like, with this coffee you’ve made us. I know you tried . ” Even at 93, my grandmother still knits blankets for the local hospital’s babies and buys books to continue with her French. “Age is just another bot- her attempting to convince you of the impossible in the world, but actually the world is filled with possibilities,” she once said. 1．What does the underlined phrase mean in Paragraph 2? (no more than 2 words) 2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words) 3．Why did the author’s grandmother recycle the same answers to his questions? (no more than 10 words) 4．How can people be successful in old age according to the author’s grandmother? (no more than 10 words) 5．In your opinion, what can young people do to improve the quality of old people’s life? (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．Remembering./Thinking of. /Thinking about. /Missing. 2．My grandmother has/ had a rich life experience./My grandmother has gone through a lot. /My grandmother is/was an extraordinary woman. 3．Because she began to lose her hearing. /Because she could not hear clearly. 4．They should remain active in old age./By trying different things. /They should try doing things. 5．We can help old people to learn new skills so that they can keep pace with society./They can visit their grandparents more often and spend time with them. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者与祖母之间的日常交流，重点描绘了祖母积极向上、勇于尝试的生活态度，并表达了年龄不是限制、世界充满可能性的主旨。 1．考查词义猜测。根据第二段划线词前面的内容“She often asks this, and I always answer the same way—“To have Granddad back” (她经常问我这个问题，我总是这样回答——“为了让爷爷回来。”)”以及划线词后的内容“Memories of their 67-year life together would always make her smile.(他们67年的共同生活总是让她微笑。)”可知，作者总是以同样的方式来回答：让爷爷回来，一提到这就会让奶奶想起了和爷爷在一起的时光，这些时光总是让奶奶微笑。故划线词意为“想起，记起来，想念”。故答案为Remembering./Thinking of./ Thinking about. /Missing. 2．考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“My grandmother was born in Ireland. In her teens, she moved to a poor village in England. At 28, my grandmother walked herself through the snow to birth her first child. When she was 50, she survived an emergency surgery. In her 60s, she suffered from arthritis(关节炎)but still managed to climb Snowdon, Wales’s tallest peak.(我祖母出生在爱尔兰。在她十几岁的时候，她搬到了英国的一个贫穷的村庄。28岁时，我的祖母在雪地里步行生下了她的第一个孩子。50岁时，她在一次紧急手术中幸存下来。60多岁时，她饱受关节炎之苦，但仍成功攀登了威尔士最高峰斯诺登峰。)”可知，本段主要介绍了奶奶的生活经历描述了奶奶具有丰富的人生经历，她是一位非凡的女性。故答案为My grandmother has/had a rich life experience./My grandmother has gone through a lot./My grandmother is/was an extraordinary woman. 3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“About a decade ago, I noticed that she began to lose her hearing. If I asked what she had for lunch, she might say, “Oh, the weather has been lovely today. ”(大约十年前，我注意到她的听力开始下降。如果我问她午餐吃了什么，她可能会说：“哦，今天天气真好。”)”可知，作者注意到祖母十年前开始失去听力，所以当作者问她午饭吃了什么时，她可能会说“哦，今天天气真好。”，这说明她无法听清作者的问题，因此会用同样的几个答案来回答作者的问题。故答案为Because she began to lose her hearing./Because she could not hear clearly. 4．考查细节理解。根据第六段中““Oh Richard, so many people are old at 60. They just want to sit all day. You won’t make it to 90 like that. You have to try. ”(“哦，Richard，很多人60岁就老了。他们只想整天坐着。你这样活不到90岁的。你必须尝试。”)”以及第八段““Try walking, ” she said. “Try gardening. Try cooking. Trying doesn’t require a lot of trying. Just try a little . Like, with this coffee you’ve made us. I know you tried . ”(“试试走路，”她说。“试试园艺。试着做饭。尝试并不需要很多尝试。就尝一点。比如，你给我们煮的咖啡。我知道你尽力了。”)”可知，作者祖母认为人要想在老年时成功，就要不断尝试。故答案为They should remain active in old age./By trying different things./ They should try doing things. 5．开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，回答合理即可。根据问题内容“In your opinion, what can young people do to improve the quality of old people’s life? (在你看来，年轻人能做些什么来提高老年人的生活质量？)”可知，本人认为：我们可以帮助老年人学习新的技能，使他们能够跟上社会的步伐。或者他们可以更经常地看望他们的祖父母，花时间和他们在一起。故答案为We can help old people to learn new skills so that they can keep pace with society./They can visit their grandparents more often and spend time with them. （2023·天津卷第二次） Herman Cruse, a school bus driver from New Jersey, has been with Middle Township Public Schools for the past nine years. He believes bus drivers are the eyes and ears of students when they're away from home and they have a gift to discern what kids are feeling. During one morning ride, Cruse noticed a kindergartner seemed a little sad. When Cruse asked him what was wrong, the boy explained that he wasn't able to complete his reading assignment because his parents were busy with his four siblings (兄弟姐妹). An idea suddenly crossed Cruse's mind. “Listen, if you don't mind, I'd like to come to the school and read with you. ”he said. After receiving permission from the boy's teacher, Alex Bakley, Cruse showed up at her classroom the following week. When he walked in, the boy shouted proudly, “Hey, that's my bus driver!” They went into a quiet corner and began reading together. Later, a second student wanted to read with him, then a third. All the kids went to the teacher asking, “Can I read with Mr. Herman?” Cruse now volunteers to help kindergarten students with reading two days a week, and on a third day, he instructs the school's first-and second-graders. After dropping the kids off at school, of course. Every child looks up to Cruse, both on and off the school bus. “Herman is super positive and he's a bright light at our school who makes every child feel loved and heard.” said Bakley. For Cruse, what started out as a way to kill time has now developed into a way to make a difference in the heart of a child. He used to go to the gym or library after delivering students to schools. It wasn't until he offered to help the boy on the bus that he realized there was something more rewarding he could be doing. It's a joy for him to see the kids get excited when they learn to sound out words. He loves how reading opens up a new world for them. 1．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word) 2．Why did the boy on the bus look a little upset? (no more than 11 words) 3．What help does Cruse offer after delivering students to schools? (no more than 12 words) 4．Why does Cruse think his voluntary work is rewarding according to the last paragraph? (no more than 16 words) 5．Who's “a bright light” in your life? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．Notice/Sense /Perceive. 2．(Because)his parents were too busy to read with him. 3．Helping kindergartners with reading and instructing the school's first-and second-graders. 4．(Because)the kids get excited when reading, which opens up a new world for them. 5．My father/mother. (Because)he/she encourages me and helps me (to)overcome the difficulties in my life. 【导语】文章主要讲述了幼儿园的校车司机Cruse帮助幼儿园的一位小男孩练习阅读的故事。 1．考查词义猜测。由文章第一段第二句“He believes bus drivers are the eyes and ears of students when they're away from home ”(他认为，当学生们远离家时，公交车司机是他们的眼睛和耳朵。)和文章第二段第一句“During one morning ride, Cruse noticed a kindergartner seemed a little sad. ”(在一次早上的驾驶途中，克鲁斯注意到一个幼儿园的孩子看起来有点悲伤。)可知，公交车司机要有感知和注意孩子们情绪的天赋。故答案为Notice/Sense /Perceive. 2．考查细节理解。由文章第二段第二句“the boy explained that he wasn't able to complete his reading assignment because his parents were busy with his four siblings(兄弟姐妹). ”(男孩解释说，他没能完成阅读作业，因为他的父母忙于照顾他的四个兄弟姐妹。)可知男孩的父母太忙了无法帮助他完成阅读作业。故填(Because)his parents were too busy to read with him. 3．考查细节理解。由文章第四段第一句“Cruse now volunteers to help kindergarten students with reading two days a week, and on a third day, he instructs the school's first-and second-graders. ”(Cruse现在自愿帮助幼儿园学生每周阅读两天，第三天，他指导学校的一年级和二年级学生。)可知Cruse帮助幼儿园和一年级、二年级的孩子阅读。故填Helping kindergartners with reading and instructing the school's first-and second-graders. 4．考查推理判断。由文章最后一个自然段最后两句“It's a joy for him to see the kids get excited when they learn to sound out words. He loves how reading opens up a new world for them.”(他很高兴看到孩子们在学习发音时变得兴奋起来。他喜欢阅读为他们打开一个新的世界。)可知Cruse觉得非常值得是因为阅读为孩子们打开了全新的世界。故填(Because)the kids get excited when reading, which opens up a new world for them. 5．开放性试题。由文章第四段第三句“Herman is super positive and he's a bright light at our school who makes every child feel loved and heard.”(赫尔曼非常积极，他是我们学校的一盏明灯，让每个孩子都感到被爱和被倾听。)可知bright light是能引导学生积极方向的人，让学生感受到爱和希望。所以，可以填写能引导自己积极向上的人。故填My father/mother. (Because) he/she encourages me and helps me (to) overcome the difficulties in my life. （2023·天津卷第一次） Growing up in San Francisco, Grace Young used to watch her father shop daily in Chinatown for whatever he needed to make traditional Chinese meals at home. As an award-winning cookbook author, Ms. Young, now 66, has spent decades shopping the same way in New York’s Chinatown. Ms. Young developed a passion for cooking at an early age. At 13, she started to sit in on cooking classes. After college, Ms. Young moved to New York and worked in a book-packaging company. In her 30s, she realized that while she had helped create more than 40 cookbooks, she didn’t know how to make the dishes that tasted of home. “I knew if I recorded all of my parents’ recipes, it would be a great gift that I could give my family and the next generation.” she says. Yet what began as a recipe book became a kind of memoir. Talking about food encouraged her parents to finally open up about their past, like the fact that her father had owned a Chinatown restaurant in the 1940s. “It was really an amazing way to learn not only my family’s recipes, but also my family’s story. “she says. The Wisdom of the Chinese Kitchen (1999) launched Ms. Young’s work in preserving and sustaining Chinese culinary (烹饪的)traditions. Ms. Young has also devoted herself to supporting the restaurants in Chinatown. Since early 2020, Ms. Young has raised money to buy meals from Chinatown restaurants and deliver them to those in need. This year, instead of cooking at home for her husband and friends, she celebrated the Chinese New Year with various dishes from local restaurants in Chinatown. “If these restaurants don’t survive, Chinese culinary traditions in our city won’t survive.” she says. 1．What is Ms. Young known as?(no more than 5 words) 2．Why did Ms. Young want to record her parents’ recipes?(no more than 15 words) 3．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 3?(no more than 2 words) 4．What has Ms. Young done to help Chinatown restaurants? Please give an example. (no more than 15 words) 5．How does Ms. Young inspire you in her efforts to preserve Chinese Culinary traditions? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．An award-winning cookbook author. 2．To give her family and the next generation a great gift. 3．Personal experiences 4．Raised money to buy meals from Chinatown restaurants and delivered them to those in need. 5．Her work inspires me to learn more about Chinese cooking and to share it with others. 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了Grace Young的故事，她从小在唐人街看着父亲购买食材烹饪中国美食，后来成为一名烹饪书作家。她通过自己的努力和影响力，让更多人了解和欣赏中国烹饪文化。 1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“As an award-winning cookbook author, Ms. Young, now 66, has spent decades shopping the same way in New York’s Chinatown.(作为一名屡获殊荣的烹饪书作者，现年66岁的杨女士几十年来一直在纽约的唐人街以同样的方式购物。)”可知，杨女士是一名屡获殊荣的烹饪书作者。故答案为An award-winning cookbook author。 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段““I knew if I recorded all of my parents’ recipes, it would be a great gift that I could give my family and the next generation.” she says.(“我知道如果我把父母所有的食谱都记录下来，这将是我送给家人和下一代的一份很棒的礼物。”她说。)”可知，她认为把所有的食谱记下来，可以作为给家人和下一代的一份很棒的礼物。故答案为To give her family and the next generation a great gift。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Talking about food encouraged her parents to finally open up about their past, like the fact that her father had owned a Chinatown restaurant in the 1940s. “It was really an amazing way to learn not only my family’s recipes, but also my family’s story. “she says. (谈论食物鼓励她的父母最终敞开心扉谈论他们的过去，比如她父亲在20世纪40年代曾在唐人街开过一家餐馆。“这真的是一个很棒的方式，不仅可以了解我家人的食谱，还可以了解我家人的故事。”她说。)”可推测，划线单词指的是“个人的一些曾经的过往或经历”。故答案为Personal experiences。 4．考查细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Ms. Young has also devoted herself to supporting the restaurants in Chinatown. Since early 2020, Ms. Young has raised money to buy meals from Chinatown restaurants and deliver them to those in need. This year, instead of cooking at home for her husband and friends, she celebrated the Chinese New Year with various dishes from local restaurants in Chinatown.(杨女士还致力于支持唐人街的餐馆。自2020年初以来，杨女士一直在筹集资金，从唐人街的餐馆购买饭菜，并将它们送到有需要的人手中。今年，她没有在家为丈夫和朋友做饭，而是在唐人街的当地餐馆吃了各种各样的菜来庆祝中国新年。“如果这些餐馆没有生存下去，我们城市的中国烹饪传统也将不复存在。”她说。)”可知，杨女士一直在筹集资金，从唐人街的餐馆购买饭菜，并将它们送到有需要的人手中。故答案为Raised money to buy meals from Chinatown restaurants and delivered them to those in need。 5．开放题。要求考生谈谈杨女士是如何激励考生努力保护中国烹饪传统的，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为Her work inspires me to learn more about Chinese cooking and to share it with others。 （2022·天津卷第二次） It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate. Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying from electrical transformers(变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity? The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious. There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time, we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for that! Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve. 1．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word) 2．What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words) 3．How did the people celebrate on New Year’s Eve according to the passage? (no more than 10 words) 4．How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve? (no more than 8 words) 5．What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation? Please explain why. (no more than 25words) 【答案】1．Fierce./ Strong./ Violent. 2．No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone. 3．They cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting down. 4．It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./ Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique. 5．It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，十五个朋友面面相觑，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。 1．考查词义猜测。根据文章第一段“The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass.(狂风猛烈地摇动着窗户，好像外面有人在敲打着玻璃。)”，结合常识可知，风肯定很大才会像窗外有人敲打着玻璃；形容风特别大可以用形容词fierce“猛的”、strong“强的”或violent“暴力的”。故答案为Fierce./ Strong./ Violent。 2．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity?(我们有15个人站着，我们还得做晚饭。没有电，我们要怎么办呢？)” 可知当时有15个人共同准备迎接新年，如何在断电的情况下准备这么多人的晚餐，变得很困难。故答案为No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.。 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Why not cook on the barbecue?(为什么不在烧烤架上做呢)”、“so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight.(所以我们都坐在餐厅的桌子旁，一直唱到午夜前几分钟。)”和“we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball!(我们都开始倒数，然后我掉了一个网球！)” 可知，大家在烧烤架上做了饭、唱了歌，也做了新年倒数。故答案为They cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting down.。 4．考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve. (现在，我们仍然聚在一起庆祝新年，我们仍然谈论那个特别的夜晚。我想我们从来没有像那个新年前夜那样笑得那么开心过。)”可知，作者认为那一夜是特别的，是充满欢笑的。故答案为It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./ Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.。 5．考查推理判断。本题要求考生基于对篇章整体内容的理解，对青年人面对突发事件应如何面对给出自己的想法，为开放性试题。故参考答案为：It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties. （2021·天津卷第二次） Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential for teaching. She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation(动画制作)too.” She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their own using animation software, such as GoAnimate and PowToon. Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is “to get the tools to the people.”“You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,” she explained. Most of Anneke’s students start out thinking they’re not creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works. She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids. “Tm an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others later in their lives to catch up with her on this journey. 1．What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement? (no more than 10 words) 2．According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software? (no more than 10 words) 3．What is the main idea of Para. 3? (no more than 15 words) 4．Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4(1 word) 5．What do you suggest old people learn to do? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others. Or: Taking Udemycourses and teaching animation. 2．To make professional products and express themselves. Or: To accomplish/complete professional and unique works. Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of. 3．Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works. 4．Develop. 5．To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know the outside world better. 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. (她喜欢获得新知识的经历，也喜欢与他人分享。)”以及她所说的话“I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation too. (我上了很多Udemy的课程，能让我的大脑重新工作真是太棒了。我在动画教学中也发现了同样的满足感。)”可知，Anneke退休后获得新的知识并与人分享，她参加Udemy课程并教授动画。故答案为Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others. Or: Taking Udemycourses and teaching animation. 2．考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Her motivation for teaching on Udemy is ‘to get the tools to the people.’‘You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,’ she explained.(她教Udemy的动机是‘把工具带给人们’。她解释说：‘你可以走很长一段路，让事情看起来很专业，但仍然有自己的声音。’)”可以推知，她希望学生制作动画有专业性，同时要表达自己的思想，有自己的特色，实现自己的梦想。故答案为To make professional products and express themselves. Or: To accomplish/complete professional and unique works. Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of. 3．考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works. (Anneke知道恐惧是如何阻碍人们梦想的事情。通过为期五天的挑战课程，她帮助他们克服恐惧。Anneke喜欢她对学生的影响。更让她感到自豪的是，他们已经从第一部动画发展到创作自己的作品。)”可知，第3段的主旨是Anneke帮助学生克服克服恐惧并创造他们自己的动画作品。故答案为Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works. 4．考查词句猜测。划线词句后文“Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids. (例如，祖父母可以学习使用GoAnimate和他们的孙辈们一起制作动画。)”举例说明了Anneke主张让老年人和孙辈们一起制作动画，再根据划线词语“She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, tocultivatetheir curiosity for life. (她鼓励所有年龄段的人，尤其是老年人，cultivate他们对生活的好奇心。)”可知，Anneke鼓励老年人，培养发展他们的好奇心。从而推知划线词语cultivate应为“培养；发展”的意思。故答案为Develop. 5．考查读后表达。通读全文，以Anneke Camstra的榜样，我建议应该让老年人学习使用社交媒体，因为它使老年人能更好的了解外面的世界。故答案为To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know the outside world better. （2024·天津河北·二模） James Warren, a frequent public bus rider in Denver, noticed a significant problem: many bus stops lacked seating. Particularly on a cold morning in January, Warren observed a woman waiting for a bus, with no seating available at the stop and no sidewalk, forcing her to sit in the dirt. Motivated by this sight, Warren took scrap (废料；废品) wood from construction waste bins and set out to construct a bench. This singular act of kindness evolved into a larger mission when he realized that one bench was far from enough. In the Denver metro area alone, there are more than 9, 000 bus stops, many of which lack seating or shelter. To add a personal touch and spread a message of compassion, he carved “Be kind” into each bench, symbolizing the spirit of the project. Warren’s initiative resonated with the community, especially among those who benefited daily from the benches. “I met some ladies the other day who talked about how they used the benches every day. It fills me up. It’s air in my tires.” Warren recalled. His enthusiasm increased as more people joined his bench-making efforts. “I’ve had a lot of people reach out to me on Twitter,” he mentioned. “Some people have wanted to come and help me.” Inspired by Warren’s work, others in the local news audience decided to contribute as well, with many donating supplies. “That puts me over the moon,” Warren expressed. Nica Cave, a 26-year-old mobility advocate (改善交通运输系统的倡导者) from Denver, emphasized the wider impact of the initiative. “The absence of proper infrastructure, shelter, and seating at transit stops, such as bus stops and train stations, disadvantages those who rely on public transportation. People like Warren are encouraging, showing how individuals are willing to use their own time and resources to provide these much-needed services.” Warren envisions extending his project beyond simply providing benches. He plans to create a bench-building workshop to foster community engagement and support. His ultimate goal is to enhance the quality of life in his community and inspire similar actions elsewhere, emphasizing that small acts of kindness and effort can load to significant improvements in daily experiences. 1．What are Warren’s benches at the bus stops made from? (no more than 6 words) 2．How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words) 3．Why did Warren feel happy? (no more than 15 words) 4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words) 5．What can you learn from the story? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．They’re made from recycled materials. / Scrap wood from construction waste bins. 2．It motives me to energize and fulfill. / It energizes and motivates me. 3．Because his benches were appreciated and the community supported and joined his efforts. 4．Warren’s bench-building workshop to foster community engagement and support. 5．I learn from the story that small acts of kindness can make a big difference 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了沃伦为公交车站制作长椅以供人们出行使用的故事。 1．考查细节理解题。根据第一段“Motivated by this sight, Warren took scrap (废料；废品) wood from construction waste bins and set out to construct a bench.”（受到这一景象的鼓舞，沃伦从建筑垃圾箱里取出废木材，着手建造一条长凳。）可知，沃伦在公交车站的长椅是由回收材料制成的。/建筑废物箱内的废木料。故回答为：They’re made from recycled materials. / Scrap wood from construction waste bins. 2．考查词句猜测题。根据句划线词的上句“It fills me up”（它激励了我）以及下句“His enthusiasm increased as more people joined his bench-making efforts.”（他的热情也越来越高）可知，划线词的意思是“它让我充满能量和动力”。故回答为：It motives me to energize and fulfill. / It energizes and motivates me. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Warren’s initiative resonated with the community, especially among those who benefited daily from the benches. “I met some ladies the other day who talked about how they used the benches every day. It fills me up.”（沃伦的倡议引起了社区的共鸣，尤其是那些每天从长椅上受益的人。“前几天我遇到了一些女士，她们谈到了她们每天是如何使用这些长椅的。它激励了我。）以及根据““I’ve had a lot of people reach out to me on Twitter,” he mentioned. “Some people have wanted to come and help me.” Inspired by Warren’s work, others in the local news audience decided to contribute as well, with many donating supplies. “That puts me over the moon,” Warren expressed.”（“有很多人在Twitter上联系我，”他说。“有些人想来帮我。”受到沃伦工作的启发，当地新闻观众中的其他人也决定做出贡献，许多人捐赠了物资。“这让我欣喜若狂，”沃伦表示。）可知，沃伦感到高兴是因为因为他的长椅受到赞赏，社区支持并加入了他的努力。故回答为：Because his benches were appreciated and the community supported and joined his efforts. 4．考查主旨大意题。根据最后一段“He plans to create a bench-building workshop to foster community engagement and support.”（ 他计划创建一个制作长椅的车间，以促进社区参与和支持。）可知，最后一段主要讨论了沃伦的制作板凳的车间，以促进社区参与和支持。故回答为：Warren’s bench-building workshop to foster community engagement and support. 5．考查开放性试题。从故事中我们学到小小的善举会产生巨大的影响。故回答为：I learn from the story that small acts of kindness can make a big difference. （2024·天津南开·二模） At 16 years old, Sam had always been a relatively good student. He put in an effort to get good grades and keep his parents happy. Neither of his parents had had the opportunity to attend university and for them, Sam becoming a lawyer was their biggest ambition. He knew that achieving this goal would make them happy, but the truth was that he wasn’t sure whether he would feel the same. Since he was only a child, Sam had been passionate about computer programming. He taught himself how to use a computer, and by the age of 12 he had known three different programming languages. He did all of this in his spare time. He was quite an introvert (内向的人) , so he preferred staying in with his computer, rather than going out socialising or playing sports. His parents were fine with this, as long as he continued to focus on his studies. One day, while reading an article online about a young technology billionaire called Thomas O’Connor, everything changed for Sam. In the article, the CEO said that his company was trying to create a new and improved way of paying for goods online but that they were having a problem with the security system. He said if they could overcome this, they could launch the biggest and best online payment system in the world. Sam realised he had an idea on how to solve this problem. Thinking that it wouldn’t come to anything, he emailed the CEO, introducing himself and explaining his idea. He forgot all about it and got on with his life and studies, but then a month later, the most amazing thing happened. He got a response directly from the CEO. He told him he loved his idea and would like him to fly to America to meet with him. He said he knew Sam still needed to finish school, but that when he had, he would be happy to offer Sam a job in the company. Sam was overjoyed, but soon began to worry. What about his parents’ ambition for him? Should he tell them or turn down the offer? It was a difficult decision to make. 1．What was Sam’s parents’ biggest hope for him? (no more than 10 words) 2．How did Sam learn to use a computer? (no more than 5 words) 3．Why did Sam email the CEO? (no more than 15 words) 4．What did the CEO promise Sam? (no more than 10 words) 5．Do you think Sam should tell his parents about the offer? And give your reasons. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．His parents expected him to become a lawyer. 2．He was self-taught. 3．He had an idea to solve the company’s problem. 4．He promised to offer Sam a job after he graduated. 5．Yes, I think so. Because parents will know it sooner or later, it is better to explain earlier. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述主人公Sam的故事展开，详细描述了他的内心冲突和重要的人生抉择。 1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Neither of his parents had had the opportunity to attend university and for them, Sam becoming a lawyer was their biggest ambition.(他的父母都没有机会上大学，对他们来说，山姆成为一名律师是他们最大的抱负。)”可知，山姆父母最大的希望是他成为一名律师。故答案为His parents expected him to become a lawyer. 2．考查细节理解。根据第二段“He taught himself how to use a computer, and by the age of 12 he had known three different programming languages.(他自学如何使用电脑，到 12 岁时，他已经知道三种不同的编程语言)”可知，山姆是通过自学的方式学会使用电脑的。故答案为He was self-taught. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段“In the article, the CEO said that his company was trying to create a new and improved way of paying for goods online but that they were having a problem with the security system. (这位首席执行官在文章中表示，他的公司正试图创造一种新的、改进的在线支付方式，但他们的安全系统出现了问题)”和“Sam realised he had an idea on how to solve this problem. Thinking that it wouldn't come to anything, he emailed the CEO, introducing himself and explaining his idea.(山姆意识到他有一个解决这个问题的想法。他认为这不会有什么结果，于是给首席执行官发了一封电子邮件，自我介绍并解释了自己的想法)”可知，山姆给首席执行官发邮件是因为他有一个解决公司支付系统安全问题的想法。故答案为He had an idea to solve the company’s problem. 4．考查细节理解。根据第三段“He said he knew Sam still needed to finish school, but that when he had, he would be happy to offer Sam a job in the company.(他说他知道山姆还需要完成学业，但当他完成学业时，他很乐意给山姆在公司提供一份工作)”可知，首席执行官承诺等山姆毕业后给他提供一份工作。故答案为He promised to offer Sam a job after he graduated. 5．考查开放答题。根据最后一段“He got a response directly from the CEO. He told him he loved his idea and would like him to fly to America to meet with him. He said he knew Sam still needed to finish school, but that when he had, he would be happy to offer Sam a job in the company.(他直接收到首席执行官的回复，首席执行官告诉他非常喜欢他的点子，并希望他能飞到美国与他会面。首席执行官表示他知道山姆还需要完成学业，但一旦完成，他会很高兴在公司为山姆提供一份工作)”可知，虽然山姆没有按照父母的期望成为一名律师，但是山姆即将得到一份理想的工作，同样会让他的父母高兴。因此山姆应该告知父母，因为他们迟早都会知道真相，提前解释会更好。故答案为Yes, I think so. Because parents will know it sooner or later, it is better to explain earlier. （2024·天津和平·二模） There are two ways that I often hear the term “hobbyist” being thrown around. The first is by professional woodworkers and is usually in a disparaging (贬低的) tone, like “a hobbyist couldn’t possibly be as good, fast, and talented as a pro”. The other way is by hobbyists themselves and having a beginning like the words “I’m just a... ”. In either case, I don’t understand why this is. To my way of thinking, being a qualified and skilled woodworker can mean that you are a slave to the hard work. I’ve done the work and it isn’t always fun and pretty. It’s not often that you get to do the kind of woodworking that you want and often you are left begging to be paid for the work that you do complete. The other thing to keep in mind that even the most successful furniture makers often supplement their incomes with teaching and writing. Making woodworking courses is well-paid. A few years ago I turned furniture making into a hobby, and this ended up being the best decision I could have made for my overall welling-being. For some time I was starting to dislike woodworking because of all the other stuff I mentioned earlier. Add more pressure to the situation by having a young family and wanting to contribute to the household income, and the stress wasn’t good. Getting a job outside of furniture making allowed me the freedom to build what I wanted, when I wanted. I’ve stayed in the woodworking industry all these years, but what I make in my hobbyist shop simply brings in some money to help feed a healthy tool addiction. So please don’t be ashamed of your hobbyist name. Hobbyists get to explore as many aspects of the craft as they want. They don’t have the pressure of putting food on the table and paying the rent, so they can do whatever they want. No rabbit holes (未知的世界) are off limits for the hobbyist because in the end it’s just your personal time and some materials. So, go ahead, be a proud hobbyist, and hold your chest out with pride. 1．According to the passage, why do professionals sometimes look down upon hobbyists? (no more than 10 words) 2．According to paragraph 2 what things make the author a slave to the hard work? (no more than 20 words) 3．Why did the author decide to turn furniture making into a hobby? (no more than 15 words) 4．How do you understand the underlined part? (no more than 1 words) 5．Do you think being a hobbyist is a good thing? Why or why not? (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．Because hobbyists cannot match their skill, speed, and talent. 2．The pressure and limitations coming with the job, as well as the instability of income. 3．Because he wanted to regain his enjoyment of the craft without the pressure of income. 4．Satisfying. 5．It is a good thing because it allows for exploration of various aspects of the craft without professional pressures. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者讨论了“业余爱好者”标签在木工界被不同群体以不同态度看待的现象。专业人士常带有贬义地认为业余爱好者无法达到其水平，而业余爱好者自身也常以“只是爱好者”自谦。作者通过自身经历证明，成为业余爱好者反而让他从必须依赖木工谋生的压力中解脱，重拾了对木工的热爱，并指出业余爱好者能更自由地探索木工艺术的不同方面，不应为此感到羞愧，而应自豪地拥抱这一身份。 1．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中“The first is by professional woodworkers and is usually in a disparaging (贬低的) tone, like “a hobbyist couldn’t possibly be as good, fast, and talented as a pro”.  (第一个是专业的木工，通常是轻蔑的语气，就像“一个业余爱好者不可能像专业人士一样好，快，有才华”)”可知，专业人士有时会看不起业余爱好者，因为业余爱好者无法与他们的技能、速度和天赋相媲美。故答案为：Because hobbyists cannot match their skill, speed, and talent. 2．考查推理判断。由文章第二段中“To my way of thinking, being a qualified and skilled woodworker can mean that you are a slave to the hard work. I’ve done the work and it isn’t always fun and pretty. It’s not often that you get to do the kind of woodworking that you want and often you are left begging to be paid for the work that you do complete. The other thing to keep in mind that even the most successful furniture makers often supplement their incomes with teaching and writing. Making woodworking courses is well-paid. (在我看来，作为一名合格而熟练的木工意味着你是辛勤工作的奴隶。我已经完成了这项工作，但它并不总是有趣和漂亮的。你很少能做你想做的那种木工工作，而且你经常会乞求别人为你完成的工作支付报酬。另一件要记住的事情是，即使是最成功的家具制造商也经常通过教学和写作来增加收入。开设木工课程收入颇丰)”可知，工作带来的压力和局限性，以及收入的不稳定性使作者成为辛勤工作的奴隶。故答案为：The pressure and limitations coming with the job, as well as the instability of income. 3．考查推理判断。由文章第三段中“A few years ago I turned furniture making into a hobby, and this ended up being the best decision I could have made for my overall welling-being.  For some time I was starting to dislike woodworking because of all the other stuff I mentioned earlier.  Add more pressure to the situation by having a young family and wanting to contribute to the household income, and the stress wasn’t good.  Getting a job outside of furniture making allowed me the freedom to build what I wanted, when I wanted. (几年前，我把制作家具变成了一种爱好，这最终成为我为自己的整体幸福所做的最好的决定。有一段时间，我开始不喜欢木工，因为我之前提到的所有其他东西。有了一个年轻的家庭，想要为家庭收入做出贡献，给这种情况增加了更多的压力，这种压力并不是好事。在家具制造之外找到一份工作，让我可以自由地在我想要的时候建造我想要的东西)”可知，他想在没有收入压力的情况下重新享受这门手艺，作者决定把做家具变成一种爱好。故答案为：Because he wanted to regain his enjoyment of the craft without the pressure of income. 4．考查词句猜测。由文章第三段中“Getting a job outside of furniture making allowed me the freedom to build what I wanted, when I wanted. I’ve stayed in the woodworking industry all these years, but what I make in my hobbyist shop simply brings in some money to help feed... (在家具制造之外找到一份工作，让我可以自由地在我想要的时候建造我想要的东西。这些年来，我一直在木工行业工作，但我在业余爱好者商店里赚的钱只是为了满足……)”可知，作者在业余爱好者商店里赚的钱只是为了满足令人满足的工具瘾。由此可知，划线词healthy意为“令人满意的”。故答案为：Satisfying。 5．开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。例如：成为一个业余爱好者是件好事，因为它可以在没有专业压力的情况下探索工艺的各个方面。故答案为：It is a good thing because it allows for exploration of various aspects of the craft without professional pressures. （2024·天津河西·二模） I used to hate old books. When I say “old books”, I don’t mean classics, though. I mean books with yellow pages, broken spines (书脊) and odd wood-like smells that you need to be careful not to break because they are already so worn down. One can assume that I didn’t own many old books. I had a few here and there that my parents had gifted me, but nothing too special. In fourth grade, I was ready to venture into a new world of reading, one that went beyond the likes of children’s chapter books and juvenile (青少年的) topics. Just then, I found my parents’ old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series. Visually, my parents’ books were my worst nightmare. I remember thinking to myself that reading these books was out of the question. However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the books, I would have to read my parents’ copies. And so began the terrible journey of reading seven old books. When it was time for me to read the final copy, I was kind of a changed woman. I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much that I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like. By the end, I had devoted an entire shelf in my room to the Harry Potter books. Now, I love old books. I love how the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, but you can understand what it’s about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning, and I love how much they mean to me now. 1．Who did the old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series belong to?(no more than 5words) 2．What does the underlined part “out of the question” in Paragraph 2 mean?(one word) 3．How did the author like the plot of the entire Harry Potter series?(no more than 5 words) 4．What does the author mainly talk about in the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words) 5．What kind of books do you like reading? Why?(no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．The author’s parents. 2．Impossible. 3．It attracted her very much. 4．She loves old books now. 5．I like reading history books because they can broaden my horizons. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对旧书的态度从讨厌到喜欢的转变过程。 1．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中“I found my parents’ old copies of the entire Harry Potter book series.（我找到了父母的旧版《哈利·波特》系列丛书。）”可知，旧版《哈利·波特》系列丛书是作者父母的。故答案为 The author's parents. 2．考查词义猜测。根据文章第二段中“Visually, my parents' books were my worst nightmare.（从视觉上看，我父母的书是我最糟糕的噩梦。）”以及“However, I eventually had to come to terms with the fact that if I wanted to read the books, I would have to read my parents' copies.（然而，我最终不得不接受这样一个事实：如果我想读这些书，我就必须读我父母的书。）”可知，作者最初非常讨厌父母的这些旧书，认为读这些书是不可能的。所以猜测“out of the question”的意思为“不可能的”。故答案为 Impossible. 3．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中“I still strongly disliked old books, but the plot of the entire Harry Potter series had attracted me so much that I had almost entirely forgotten what the books looked like.（我仍然非常讨厌旧书，但整个《哈利·波特》系列的情节如此吸引我，以至于我几乎完全忘记了这些书的样子。）”可知，作者认为《哈利·波特》系列的情节非常吸引人。故答案为 It attracted her very much. 4．考查主旨大意。根据文章最后一段“Now, I love old books. I love how the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, but you can understand what it's about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning, and I love how much they mean to me now.（现在，我喜欢旧书。我喜欢书的封面有时磨损得很厉害，你几乎看不清书名，但你无论如何都能理解它的内容。毕竟，一本旧书代表了一代又一代的读者，他们选择生活在一个特定的虚构世界里，因为书中的故事就是那么好。旧书是有意义的，我喜欢它们现在对我的意义。）”可知，最后一段主要讲述了作者现在喜欢旧书。故答案为 She loves old books now. 5．考查开放题。根据文章最后一段“I love how the covers are sometimes so worn down that you can barely read the title of the book, but you can understand what it's about anyway. After all, an old book is a representation of generations of readers who have chosen to live in a specific fictional world because the story it contains is just that good. Old books have meaning, and I love how much they mean to me now.（我喜欢书的封面有时磨损得很厉害，你几乎看不清书名，但你无论如何都能理解它的内容。毕竟，一本旧书代表了一代又一代的读者，他们选择生活在一个特定的虚构世界里，因为书中的故事就是那么好。旧书是有意义的，我喜欢它们现在对我的意义。）”可知，读书对作者有意义，能开阔作者的视野，通过读历史书能达到这个目的，故答案为I like reading history books because they can broaden my horizons. （2024·天津河东·二模） I still remember the days when I was a youthful student in an engineering school. I lived a casual life, without caring about the future. I smoked, drank with friends and made girlfriends. Little did I realized that casualness would certainly lead to loss. Two years had passed and I was staring down a report card that highlighted FAIL in more than half the subjects. I didn’t care, at least not till my dad found out about it. You see, I studied in India and unlike the United States where the students are expected to finance their own education, my dad financed me. Then came the day when my dad found out my habit of smoking. He lost his temper but he just told me, “son, your allowance is cut in half from this moment on.” It hit me like a roundhouse kick from Bruce Lee. I was jolted (震摇) out of my bones! I couldn’t comprehend how to pay off the debts that I had accumulated in college. I owed everybody money: the grocery store, the bars, the restaurants, and my friends. I was living a life filled with credit. When I came back to college, I knew if I didn’t change the way I live my life I wouldn’t be able to pay everybody off. So I decided to make some changes, drastic changes. I quitted smoking, cut off from my friends who led me down the wrong road, starting hanging out in libraries and reading my engineering books. One year later, I went from a miserable failure to a Cum Laude(优等成绩). Life was never the same again. This incident made me know that anything is possible if you take action and do something about it, however small or large. Even today it still motivates me when I feel that I’m about to lose or give up. It reminds me that I can do it! 1．What’s the author’s attitude when he saw his report card? (no more than 10 words) 2．At what time did the father cut the author’s allowance in half? (no more than 15 words) 3．Why did the author say he was living a life filled with credit? (no more than 15 words) 4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? (no more than 10 words) 5．What can you learn from the passage? (no more than 15 words) 【答案】1．He didn’t care. 2．When he found out the author’s habit of smoking. 3．Because he owed everybody money. 4．The author no longer lived a casual life. /The author changed his life and became an excellent student. 5．You can overcome any difficulty if you take action. /Anything is possible if you take action and do something about it. /Casualness would certainly lead to loss. 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是作者通过讲述自己的亲身经历，从一开始对学习的毫不在乎到后来的努力学习，获得好的成绩，告诉我们如果你采取行动，你就可以克服任何困难。 1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Two years had passed and I was staring down a report card that highlighted FAIL in more than half the subjects. I didn’t care, at least not till my dad found out about it.”（两年过去了，我盯着成绩单看，上面有一半以上的科目都不及格。我不在乎，至少在我爸爸发现之前。）可知，当作者看到自己的成绩单时，他的态度是不在乎的。故答案是：He didn’t care. 2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Then came the day when my dad found out my habit of smoking. He lost his temper but he just told me, “son, your allowance is cut in half from this moment on.””（后来有一天，我爸爸发现了我吸烟的习惯。他发脾气了，但他只是告诉我，“儿子，从现在起，你的零用钱被削减了一半。”）可知，当父亲发现作者抽烟的习惯时，父亲把作者的零用钱减半了。故答案是：When he found out the author’s habit of smoking. 3．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“I couldn’t comprehend how to pay off the debts that I had accumulated in college. I owed everybody money: the grocery store, the bars, the restaurants, and my friends. I was living a life filled with credit.”（我不明白怎样才能还清我在大学里欠下的债务。我欠每个人的钱：杂货店、酒吧、餐馆，还有我的朋友。我的生活充满了信贷。）可知，作者说他的生活充满了信贷是因为他欠每个人的钱。故答案是：Because he owed everybody money. 4．考查词句猜测。根据最后一段中“One year later, I went from a miserable failure to a Cum Laude.”（一年后，我从一个悲惨的失败者变成了优等生。）以及“This incident made me know that anything is possible if you take action and do something about it, however small or large.”（这件事让我知道，任何事情都是可能的，如果你采取行动，做一些事情，无论大小。）由此可知，划线句子“Life was never the same again.”的意思是“作者改变了他的生活，成为了一名优秀的学生。”故答案是：The author no longer lived a casual life. /The author changed his life and became an excellent student. 5．考查推理判断。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“This incident made me know that anything is possible if you take action and do something about it, however small or large. Even today it still motivates me when I feel that I’m about to lose or give up. It reminds me that I can do it!”（这件事让我知道，任何事情都是可能的，如果你采取行动，做一些事情，无论大小。直到今天，当我觉得快要失败或放弃的时候，它仍然激励着我。它提醒我，我可以做到！）可推知，这篇文章告诉我们如果你采取行动，你可以克服任何困难。故答案是：You can overcome any difficulty if you take action. /Anything is possible if you take action and do something about it. /Casualness would certainly lead to loss. ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$