重难点13 阅读理解之议论文-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（天津专用）

重难点13 阅读理解之议论文 三年考情分析 2025考向预测 年份 篇目 语篇类型 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 词义猜测 态度意图/语篇结构 近几年，天津卷对议论文的考查较少，但议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。 预计2025年，阅读理解仍然有可能会考查议论文，主要考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题，也可能会考查态度意图题。 2022年6月 D 议论文 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀 2 0 3 0 0 【题型解读】 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辦是非等方法，直接阐述自己的观点，表明自己的态度。 议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅：论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。文章大多以“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的结构行文。因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时人手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论据和论证，明晰作者最后得出的结论。 【备考策略】 在阅读解题时，应从结构和内容两个维度同时入手。首要步骤是全面通读文章，随后区分其中的事实与观点。一般而言，议论文往往遵循三段论式的结构。文章开篇通常会通过一个故事或对某种现象的阐述来引出主题，并明确提出论点。紧接着是文章的主体部分，该部分会利用两个或更多的段落，通过引用事实、理论依据以及采用举例、引用、对比等多种论证手法来展开论证。在这一环节中，应特别注意作者所选择的论据，因为它们常常与细节理解题的考查重点相对应，同时还要关注作者所采用的论证方法。文章的最后一段是结论部分，需要明确把握作者最终得出的结论。在全面通读文章并理解其结构和内容之后，再开始阅读试题，并在文章中寻找相应的信息，如事实、观点、作者的真正意图以及结论等。 【解题技巧】 对于演绎论证的议论文，首要的是留意文章的开篇。开篇往往直接点明文章的主旨，即作者的核心观点，从而引领读者把握文章的中心思想。 对于归纳论证的议论文，则需重视文章的尾段。尾段通常是对前文所列举的事例和分论点进行归纳和总结，是理解文章整体内容的关键。 对于比较论证的议论文，关键在于识别并比较事物之间的相同点与不同点。通过这种对比，读者能够更准确地把握文章的主旨。 （PS: 议论文阅读理解的时间控制在10分钟，避免在某一题上花费过多时间。） （建议用时：60分钟） （2022·天津卷第二次）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain because we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being: a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A．less selfish B．less annoying C．more motivated D．more responsible 4．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 5．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge （2021·天津卷第一次）There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, one may have to_____. A．narrow his range of knowledge B．avoid responsibilities at work C．know more about the society D．broaden his perspective on life 2．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______. A．treasure their freedom B．travel around the world C．spend most time working D．enjoy meeting funny people 3．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____. A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 4．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D．Ways to Become a Generalist （2024·天津河北·二模）Lining up to board a plane has become a star k indicator of how our society has commodified (商品化的) the very act of waiting. The more you pay, the sooner you can get on the plane and the less likely you will have to check a bag. It’s not just airlines, it’s also museums, online purchases and amusement parks where VIP status can help you avoid lines. When did the act of waiting get such a bad reputation? The very act of waiting can enhance our appreciation of something. We savor (欣赏) the anticipation like a child waiting for Christmas or summer vacation. Perhaps the person waiting in line to see his favorite singer perform in concert relishes the night more because of the time invested in getting into the venue. As our world has sped up, this desirable balance between instant and delayed gratification (满足) is at ever greater odds with the current expectations of many people. This change has a negative impact on mental health both individually and collectively. When we look down upon the act of waiting, we risk losing an important part of our shared humanity. Being forced to wait is often seen as a sign of being less well off or ‘not in the game’. It encourages privileged impatience and disrespect for those who are caught waiting. The ability to wait patiently is very important for a civitized society; it’s a key skill we all need. If we lose our patience and can’t wait in line or for our turn, we end up feeling the stress of a fast-paced world. Furthermore, if we call people who wait “losers”, we are being unfair and may act without thinking about how our actions affect others. This kind of thinking makes us see those who wait as different and less important, which is a harmful way to treat others. Of course, we should not have to wait patiently for everything. For example, there are times when injustice deserves immediate action. Asking people to wait can be a calculated block to change. In a larger context though, it behoves (理应) all of us to understand the act of waiting not only as a necessary evil but also as an important function which allows us to participate fully alongside our fellow travelers in life. 1．What is the purpose of the author’s writing Paragraph 1? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To make a comparison. C．To propose a suggestion. D．To present a phenomenon. 2．What benefit of waiting is emphasized by the author? A．Enhanced appreciation of experiences. B．Increased frustration and impatience. C．Immediate access to all desires. D．Decreased value of time. 3．What factor contributes to a stable attitude while waiting? A．. Growing expectations for speedy service. B．Appreciating the moment and anticipating. C．Understanding through technological progress. D．Experiencing the quickening pace of everyday life. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Waiting is an important part of our shared humanity. B．Waiting means that one is at a disadvantage state. C．Waiting is wrong and should be avoided. D．Waiting helps us treat each other better. 5．What point is made in the last paragraph about waiting? A．Immediate action is sometimes necessary and justified. B．Waiting is a waste of time without real purpose. C．Patience is no longer a virtue in today’s society. D．Waiting always fences the change. （2024·天津南开·二模）Many animals and plants are endangered in the world today. These endangered species are threatened with becoming extinct, meaning they will no longer exist on Earth. Examples include the Cuban Macaw and the Sri Lankan Legume Tree. Hunting, and collecting of the Macaw bird for pets, led to its extinction. Whilst the main reason the native Sri Lankan Legume Tree went extinct was due to habitat loss from development in the 20h century. The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption (扰乱) to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species. Every living thing from one-celled animals to a blue whale needs to eat. Nature is connected and controlled by many fragile (脆弱的) food chains. A food chain describes who eats whom in a habitat. When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present — for example, a species goes extinct — the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed. Humans can have disastrous effects on food chains. When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realise the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they explored. Nowadays there are strict rules controlling the movement of animals and plants between countries. But some parts of the world are still experiencing problems with invasive species introduced hundreds of years ago. With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction. 1．What could be inferred from Paragraph 1? A．Macaws are extinct because of habitat loss B．Sri Lankan Legume Tree became extinct because of seed collecting. C．The invasive species may lead to the extinction of the native species. D．The main cause of plants extinction is hunting. 2．What can we learn about food chain from Paragraph 2? A．It only affects one-celled animals. B．It decides the balance of the whole system. C．It is always broken by invasive species. D．It is controlled by fragile nature. 3．According to Paragraph 3, how did humans affect food chains in areas they explored? A．By settling in. B．By taking away native species. C．By hunting local animals. D．By introducing foreign species. 4．The underlined word “thrive” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A．to continue to live or exist B．to grow toward full stature or physical or mental maturity C．to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. D．to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation 5．According to the author, which of the following is correct? A．The food chain will always find a way to be balanced. B．The natural world experiences times of damage but it always can recover. C．Human activity, in all forms, tends to cause great destruction to the natural world. D．Despite the climate change caused by humans, plants and animals will go extinct naturally. （2024·天津和平·三模）History has been characterized differently. It’s hard to define such a monumental thing without dealing with the tensions between what is fact and what is fiction, as well as what was included and what was left out. So it’s only fitting that those tensions are wrapped up in the history of the word itself. The short version is that the term history has evolved from an ancient Greek verb that means “to know”. The Greek word historia originally meant inquiry, the act of seeking knowledge, as well as the knowledge that results from inquiry. And from there it’s a short jump to the accounts of events that a person might put together from making inquiries-what we might call stories. The words story and history share much of their ancestry, and in previous eras, the overlap between them was much messier than it is today. The working out of distinction has taken centuries. Today, we might think of the dividing line as the one between fact and fiction. Stories are fanciful tales woven at bedtime. That word can even be used to describe an outright lie. Histories, on the other hand, are records of events. That word refers to all time before this very moment and everything that really happened up to now. The distinction is still messier than that, of course. Plenty of stories like the story of a person’s life or a "true story" on which a less-true film is based -are supposed to be factual. And plenty of stories go against easy categorization one way or the other. Take the notion of someone telling their side of a story. To them, that account might be perfectly correct. To someone else, that account might be totally incorrect. As the linguistic divide has evolved since the Middle Ages, we have come to expect more from history -that it be free from the imperfections of viewpoint and selective memory that stories so often contain. Yet it isn’t, humans being the imperfect creatures and history being something that is made rather than handed down from some all-knowing writer. That is why feminists, for example, rejected the word history and championed the notion of herstory during the 1970s to point out the fact that history has mostly come from a male perspective. The “his” in history has nothing, linguistically, to do with the pronoun referring to a male person. And some critics pointed that out back in the 1970s, saying that the invention of herstory showed ignorance about where the word comes from. But there’s evidence that the feminists knew as much at the time. And more importantly, the fact that it sounds possible that there would be a link can still tell us something. It can suggest a lot the about gender and whether a female viewpoint is included in the tales passed down in textbooks. That’s why, even if the origins of the word “history” are clear, the question of who gets to decide which version of the past is the right one remains a controversial debate centuries after the term came to be. 1．The word “overlap” in Paragraph 3 probably indicates ____. A．the knowledge people put together from different inquiries B．the distinction between the ancestry of “story” and “history” C．the meaning and use both “story” and “history” shared D．the dividing line between tales and records of events 2．The distinction between “history” and “story” is still messier today because ____. A．people often feel reluctant to tell a true story in a factual way B．different sides of stories fall into different categories too easily C．people have to tell correct or incorrect stories against their will D．sometimes it is very hard to distinguish between fact and fiction 3．The invention of “herstory” reveals that _____. A．history can be plainly interpreted as “his story” B．feminists didn’t know about the origins of “history” C．women should decide what to be written in history D．history is something made as a one-sided story 4．Which in the following is the best title? A．These Are the Characteristics of the Word “History” B．This Is Where the Word “History” Comes From C．How do “History”, “Story” and “Herstory” Differ? D．History Doesn’t Always Tell All the Truth to Us 5．The passage is meant to ________. A．discuss the origin and meaning of the word “history” B．point out the problems with the way history is taught C．show that history is often influenced by personal biases D．emphasize the importance of knowing the true meaning of words （2024·天津滨海新·三模）Life’s journey can often be a lonely one without the comforting presence of companionship. While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship? Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship. We all face tough times, feeling depressed or even hopeless at times. A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. While it’s effortless to share joyous moments, friendship shines through during tough times. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests. True friends not only stand by you through thick and thin, but also offer constructive criticism when necessary. Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple,” highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear. While delivering criticism is never easy, a genuine friend is unafraid to point out mistakes or misguided paths. Giving constructive criticism, along with helpful advice, is a key part of true friendship. A true friend will speak up if they see you heading down a harmful path, even if it’s uncomfortable. The reluctance to speak up against a friend’s bad decision may lead to regret. As Wilde suggests, truth can be complex, but it’s important to express genuine concern. In a strong friendship, honest and caring advice weaves a web of trust and mutual growth. In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care. To have even one true friend is a blessing that should be treasured. Let us strive to be true friends and, in turn, cherish the true friends we encounter on life’s journey. 1．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ______. A．the essential nature of true friendship B．the significance of family bonds over friendship C．the challenges of maintaining lasting relationships D．the contribution of personal qualities to true friendship 2．What can be learnt about true friendship from Paragraph 2? A．It merely exists during moments of success. B．It relies on criticizing friends during tough times. C．It prioritizes personal interests over companionship. D．It involves mutual support during both highs and lows. 3．The author develops his arguments through ______. A．adopting proper exaggerations B．employing famous quotes C．sharing personal experiences D．providing statistical evidence 4．What does the underlined part “fair-weather companions” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Friends who are always reliable and trustworthy. B．Friends who offer constructive criticism with care. C．Friends who only support you during good times. D．Friends who show little interest in your success. 5．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Better an honest enemy than a false friend. B．Friendship is the only ship that never sinks. C．Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. D．Friends catch you when you fall and push you forward. （2024·天津南开·一模）This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased (死者) said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon. On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish (亚米希人), a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities. On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media. Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it. 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．introduce a topic 2．What does the author intend to show with the example of the Amish? A．Their way of life will change in the near future. B．Not everyone is willing to embrace new technology. C．The quality of life in the countryside is higher than in the city. D．Following the lifestyle of celebrities will lead to a decline in the quality of life. 3．What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．New technology has brought a lot of convenience to mankind. B．New technology can prevent potential natural disasters from happening. C．New technology can help us expand our circle of friends. D．New technology can help us find our friends on the other side of the world. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards new technology? A．Pessimistic. B．Critical. C．Skeptical. D．Grateful. 5．What makes the best title for the passage? A．Should Driverless Car Have a Future. B．The Amish and New Technology C．Driverless Car with New Technology D．Should We Fight New Technology? （2024·天津河东·一模）“I can’t live without my mobile phone!” is what I often hear people say as they talk about how mobiles have become an essential part of their lives. The all so common sight of heads bent, eyes staring at mobile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself across major cities around the world. Whenever there is a moment to spare while on the train, taxi or waiting in a queue, people busy themselves with their mobile phones. Some people believe our unhealthy obsession with mobile phones is destroying how we appreciate the little things in life or miss the moments that matter. The truth is that technology overall should be seen as a tool to improve our lives. Mobile phones have certainly had a great influence on our lives, but I truly believe it’s for the better. It’s changed the way we communicate, whether for work or play. We are now less constrained (限制) by time and geographical location. With my mobile phone, I can dial into conference calls while stuck in a traffic jam, or reply to urgent e-mails while on the go. I can send a text message or share photos and videos with friends who aren’t living in the same country. My phone calendar keeps my life organized, and even Facebook. Twitter, and instant messaging are now accessible from mobile phones! The mobile revolution isn’t just changing the lives of urbanite like myself. I know of a young Bangladeshi woman named Shompa Akhter who is crazy about fashion and design. She dreamt about starting her own business and she did just that, opening a shop in Kushtia featuring her own creations. Dealing with suppliers in different towns was a problem for Shompa-purchase orders had to either be hand delivered or mailed out to suppliers. Shompa also found it tough publicizing (宣传) her business to potential customers outside her town. But once she learnt to operate the mobile phone, she was addicted. The 25-year-old businesswoman now stays in touch easily with her suppliers. Mobile e-mail is a blessing in her life. Who would have thought that mobility could bring about such enormous change? It shouldn’t really be a surprise though. 1．The author intends to ____by citing a common saying about mobile phones at the beginning. A．attract the readers’ attention B．introduce the topic C．stress how mobile phones affect our lives D．share his own feelings about mobile phones 2．In the first two paragraphs, the author wants to show ____. A．mobile phones make people communicate less B．mobile phones make people’s life more enjoyable C．people’s health is greatly affected by mobile phones D．people become addicted to mobile phones in daily life 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards mobile phones? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Critical. D．Uninterested. 4．Paragraph 5 is mainly about ____. A．new functions of mobile phones B．new changes in Information Age C．the advantages of mobile phones D．the author’s personal experiences 5．What do we know about Shompa from the passage? A．She operates a food store. B．She is addicted to Internet surfing. C．Mobile e-mail is still unavailable to her. D．Her mobile phone helped her business a lot. （2024·天津河北·一模）In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much? Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. Consider a scenario where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. This balanced approach is key to overcoming the paralysis of overlearning and actively moving towards realizing your ambitions. 1．What problem does the digital age present in learning? A．Too much information. B．Learning to inaction. C．Online distractions. D．Technical issues. 2．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. B．The inability to find relevant information. C．The confusion caused by the information. D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy. 3．Why is practical experience important in the learning process? A．It replaces continuous learning. B．It is irrelevant in gaining knowledge. C．It holds back theoretical understanding. D．It offers a comprehensive understanding. 4．The example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5 is used to ________. A．compare different learning styles B．show the importance of making mistakes C．emphasize the need for parental guidance D．explain learning through action and experience 5．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Paradox of Information Overload B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing C．The Pursuit of Balanced Knowledge D．The Process of Learning to Walk （2023·天津滨海新·三模）Have you ever come out of a steamy hot shower and tried to look at your reflection in the mirror when it’s completely steamed and fogged up? I often think that is how we tend to view our beauty—through fogged up mirrors. We are seeing ourselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear! The mirrors have been fogged up through different life experiences and memories as we have grown up, and now blend together to form our own definition of our beauty. The first mirror is formed as a young child and is often based on what was said about us from our parents and those around us. I remember being told that I was a cute child, so that when I got a little older and was around six or seven and another child tried to tell me I was ugly- everything within me rose up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said stood strong. The second mirror is the mirror of adolescence, those formative years when we are pushed into the big wild world and out of the protection of home. As a teenager I went to a boarding school, and I was one of the only two black people in the entire school. Children being naturally curious, I felt like I was asked a million and one different questions about both my hair and skin tone- -and I don’t think there has ever been a time when I have been more acutely aware of my appearance, which in turn opened up the door for me to question how I looked and to thankfully embrace my differences. The final mirror comes from socially constructed ideas of beauty. We are often faced with numerous images in the media, popular culture, society, peers and social media, which can create a false ideal of beauty in our eyes. We tend to compare ourselves to those ideals and use it as some sort of margin (差值) of measurement. However, real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself, perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece, a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder, without judgement. Maybe it’s time to create a fourth mirror, a new mirror that is wiped clean and is minus the fog of comparisons, accusations, judgments and expectations. 1．What do the fogged-up mirrors represent according to the first paragraph? A．The difficulties of seeing oneself in the mirror. B．The various sources of beauty standards. C．The unclear perceptions of one’s beauty. D．The life experiences and memories. 2．How did the author react when someone called her ugly? A．She felt embarrassed. B．She completely denied it. C．She sought comfort from her parents. D．She questioned what her parents had said. 3．What can we learn about social constructed ideas of beauty? A．They push teens out of home protection. B．They arouse acute awareness of one’s appearance. C．They may mislead people’s idea of beauty. D．They are the exact measurement of beauty. 4．What does the author suggest as a possible fourth mirror? A．A mirror not affected by external factors. B．A mirror going against society’s expectations. C．A mirror reflecting one’s childhood experiences. D．A mirror showing the beauty ideals from social media. 5．The passage is mainly written to tell us that we should________. A．bring happiness to those around us B．keep our resolve despite obstacles C．change ourselves to achieve an ideal D．embrace our real inner beauty ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点13 阅读理解之议论文 三年考情分析 2025考向预测 年份 篇目 语篇类型 主题语境 主题语境内容 细节理解 主旨大意 推理判断 词义猜测 态度意图/语篇结构 近几年，天津卷对议论文的考查较少，但议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。 预计2025年，阅读理解仍然有可能会考查议论文，主要考查细节理解、推理判断和主旨大意题，也可能会考查态度意图题。 2022年6月 D 议论文 人与社会 美好生活的秘诀 2 0 3 0 0 【题型解读】 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辦是非等方法，直接阐述自己的观点，表明自己的态度。 议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅：论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。文章大多以“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的结构行文。因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时人手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论据和论证，明晰作者最后得出的结论。 【备考策略】 在阅读解题时，应从结构和内容两个维度同时入手。首要步骤是全面通读文章，随后区分其中的事实与观点。一般而言，议论文往往遵循三段论式的结构。文章开篇通常会通过一个故事或对某种现象的阐述来引出主题，并明确提出论点。紧接着是文章的主体部分，该部分会利用两个或更多的段落，通过引用事实、理论依据以及采用举例、引用、对比等多种论证手法来展开论证。在这一环节中，应特别注意作者所选择的论据，因为它们常常与细节理解题的考查重点相对应，同时还要关注作者所采用的论证方法。文章的最后一段是结论部分，需要明确把握作者最终得出的结论。在全面通读文章并理解其结构和内容之后，再开始阅读试题，并在文章中寻找相应的信息，如事实、观点、作者的真正意图以及结论等。 【解题技巧】 对于演绎论证的议论文，首要的是留意文章的开篇。开篇往往直接点明文章的主旨，即作者的核心观点，从而引领读者把握文章的中心思想。 对于归纳论证的议论文，则需重视文章的尾段。尾段通常是对前文所列举的事例和分论点进行归纳和总结，是理解文章整体内容的关键。 对于比较论证的议论文，关键在于识别并比较事物之间的相同点与不同点。通过这种对比，读者能够更准确地把握文章的主旨。 （PS: 议论文阅读理解的时间控制在10分钟，避免在某一题上花费过多时间。） （建议用时：60分钟） （2022·天津卷第二次）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A．less selfish B．less annoying C．more motivated D．more responsible 4．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 5．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。 5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。 （2021·天津卷第一次）There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up. Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true spirit. Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit." These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy. 1．To become a specialist, one may have to_____. A．narrow his range of knowledge B．avoid responsibilities at work C．know more about the society D．broaden his perspective on life 2．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______. A．treasure their freedom B．travel around the world C．spend most time working D．enjoy meeting funny people 3．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____. A．is fully aware of his talent and ability B．is a pure specialist in medicine C．should love poetry and philosophy D．brings knowledge of other fields to work 4．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni? A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success. B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible. C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit. D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected. 5．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist D．Ways to Become a Generalist 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．A 【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。 1．推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。 2．细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. …These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。 4．推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的例子“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。 （2024·天津河北·二模）Lining up to board a plane has become a star k indicator of how our society has commodified (商品化的) the very act of waiting. The more you pay, the sooner you can get on the plane and the less likely you will have to check a bag. It’s not just airlines, it’s also museums, online purchases and amusement parks where VIP status can help you avoid lines. When did the act of waiting get such a bad reputation? The very act of waiting can enhance our appreciation of something. We savor (欣赏) the anticipation like a child waiting for Christmas or summer vacation. Perhaps the person waiting in line to see his favorite singer perform in concert relishes the night more because of the time invested in getting into the venue. As our world has sped up, this desirable balance between instant and delayed gratification (满足) is at ever greater odds with the current expectations of many people. This change has a negative impact on mental health both individually and collectively. When we look down upon the act of waiting, we risk losing an important part of our shared humanity. Being forced to wait is often seen as a sign of being less well off or ‘not in the game’. It encourages privileged impatience and disrespect for those who are caught waiting. The ability to wait patiently is very important for a civitized society; it’s a key skill we all need. If we lose our patience and can’t wait in line or for our turn, we end up feeling the stress of a fast-paced world. Furthermore, if we call people who wait “losers”, we are being unfair and may act without thinking about how our actions affect others. This kind of thinking makes us see those who wait as different and less important, which is a harmful way to treat others. Of course, we should not have to wait patiently for everything. For example, there are times when injustice deserves immediate action. Asking people to wait can be a calculated block to change. In a larger context though, it behoves (理应) all of us to understand the act of waiting not only as a necessary evil but also as an important function which allows us to participate fully alongside our fellow travelers in life. 1．What is the purpose of the author’s writing Paragraph 1? A．To reach a conclusion. B．To make a comparison. C．To propose a suggestion. D．To present a phenomenon. 2．What benefit of waiting is emphasized by the author? A．Enhanced appreciation of experiences. B．Increased frustration and impatience. C．Immediate access to all desires. D．Decreased value of time. 3．What factor contributes to a stable attitude while waiting? A．. Growing expectations for speedy service. B．Appreciating the moment and anticipating. C．Understanding through technological progress. D．Experiencing the quickening pace of everyday life. 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Waiting is an important part of our shared humanity. B．Waiting means that one is at a disadvantage state. C．Waiting is wrong and should be avoided. D．Waiting helps us treat each other better. 5．What point is made in the last paragraph about waiting? A．Immediate action is sometimes necessary and justified. B．Waiting is a waste of time without real purpose. C．Patience is no longer a virtue in today’s society. D．Waiting always fences the change. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了等待这种行为以及其对人们的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Lining up to board a plane has become a star k indicator of how our society has commodified (商品化的) the very act of waiting. The more you pay, the sooner you can get on the plane and the less likely you will have to check a bag. It’s not just airlines, it’s also museums, online purchases and amusement parks where VIP status can help you avoid lines. When did the act of waiting get such a bad reputation? (排队登机已经成为我们社会将等待行为商品化的一个鲜明标志。你付的钱越多，你就能越快登机，而且你越不可能需要托运行李。不仅是航空公司，博物馆、网上购物和游乐园也是如此，在这些地方，VIP 身份可以帮助你避免排队。等待这种行为什么时候变得如此声名狼藉了？)”可知，作者通过第一段呈现了一个社会现象，即排队等候已经成为了一种商品化的行为，并且提出了一个问题，即等待这种行为什么时候变得如此声名狼藉了。由此可知，作者写第一段的目的是呈现一种现象。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The very act of waiting can enhance our appreciation of something. (等待的行为本身就能增强我们对某事的欣赏)”可知，作者强调了等待可以增强我们对某事的欣赏。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“We savor (欣赏) the anticipation like a child waiting for Christmas or summer vacation. (我们像孩子等待圣诞节或暑假一样享受着期待)”以及第三段“As our world has sped up, this desirable balance between instant and delayed gratification (满足) is at ever greater odds with the current expectations of many people. (随着我们的世界加速发展，这种即时满足和延迟满足之间的理想平衡与许多人的当前期望越发不一致。)”可知，作者认为，享受期待和理解即时满足和延迟满足之间的平衡有助于在等待时保持稳定的态度。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“If we lose our patience and can’t wait in line or for our turn, we end up feeling the stress of a fast-paced world. (如果我们失去耐心，不能排队或等待轮到我们，我们最终会感受到快节奏世界的压力。)”和最后一段“In a larger context though, it behoves (理应) all of us to understand the act of waiting not only as a necessary evil but also as an important function which allows us to participate fully alongside our fellow travelers in life. (不过，从更广泛的角度来看，我们所有人都应该理解等待这种行为，它不仅是一种必要的恶，也是一种重要的功能，它使我们能够与生活中的同路人一起充分参与)”可知，作者认为等待是我们共同人性的重要组成部分。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Of course, we should not have to wait patiently for everything. (当然，我们不应该对一切都耐心等待。)”以及“For example, there are times when injustice deserves immediate action. (例如，有时不公正的行为应该立即采取行动。)”可知，作者认为对不公正的行为立即采取行动有时是必要和合理的。故选A。 （2024·天津南开·二模）Many animals and plants are endangered in the world today. These endangered species are threatened with becoming extinct, meaning they will no longer exist on Earth. Examples include the Cuban Macaw and the Sri Lankan Legume Tree. Hunting, and collecting of the Macaw bird for pets, led to its extinction. Whilst the main reason the native Sri Lankan Legume Tree went extinct was due to habitat loss from development in the 20h century. The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption (扰乱) to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species. Every living thing from one-celled animals to a blue whale needs to eat. Nature is connected and controlled by many fragile (脆弱的) food chains. A food chain describes who eats whom in a habitat. When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present — for example, a species goes extinct — the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed. Humans can have disastrous effects on food chains. When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realise the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they explored. Nowadays there are strict rules controlling the movement of animals and plants between countries. But some parts of the world are still experiencing problems with invasive species introduced hundreds of years ago. With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction. 1．What could be inferred from Paragraph 1? A．Macaws are extinct because of habitat loss B．Sri Lankan Legume Tree became extinct because of seed collecting. C．The invasive species may lead to the extinction of the native species. D．The main cause of plants extinction is hunting. 2．What can we learn about food chain from Paragraph 2? A．It only affects one-celled animals. B．It decides the balance of the whole system. C．It is always broken by invasive species. D．It is controlled by fragile nature. 3．According to Paragraph 3, how did humans affect food chains in areas they explored? A．By settling in. B．By taking away native species. C．By hunting local animals. D．By introducing foreign species. 4．The underlined word “thrive” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. A．to continue to live or exist B．to grow toward full stature or physical or mental maturity C．to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. D．to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation 5．According to the author, which of the following is correct? A．The food chain will always find a way to be balanced. B．The natural world experiences times of damage but it always can recover. C．Human activity, in all forms, tends to cause great destruction to the natural world. D．Despite the climate change caused by humans, plants and animals will go extinct naturally. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先介绍了一些濒危物种的例子，然后解释了食物链的重要性和人类活动对食物链的破坏，最后呼吁人们提高保护意识，以防止物种灭绝。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a disruption (扰乱) to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species.(动植物消失的主要原因通常是由于狩猎、栖息地丧失甚至引入入侵物种而扰乱食物链)”可知，入侵物种可能导致本地物种的灭绝。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present—for example, a species goes extinct—the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed.(当食物链中的一个环节不再存在时——例如，一个物种灭绝——食物链就会断裂，有时这会导致其他动物消失，整个系统可能会变得不平衡甚至崩溃)”可知，食物链决定着整个系统的平衡。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realise the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were disrupting the natural food chains of the areas they explored.(当人们第一次探索世界时，他们把动植物物种从自己的国家带到他们探索和定居的地方。他们没有意识到引入入侵物种的后果。通过这样做，他们扰乱了他们探索的地区的自然食物链)”可知，人类在他们探索的地区通过引入外来物种来对食物链产生影响。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to…. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction.(随着我们对如何影响自然环境的意识不断提高，希望我们能学会保护这些食物链，并帮助它们……。否则，物种的持续丧失最终将意味着我们自己的灭绝)”可知，划线词thrive的意思是“繁荣，茁壮成长”。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction.(随着我们对如何影响自然环境的意识不断提高，希望我们能学会保护这些食物链，并帮助它们繁荣发展。否则，物种的持续丧失最终将意味着我们自己的灭绝)可知，作者认为各种形式的人类活动会给自然世界造成巨大破坏。故选C。 （2024·天津和平·三模）History has been characterized differently. It’s hard to define such a monumental thing without dealing with the tensions between what is fact and what is fiction, as well as what was included and what was left out. So it’s only fitting that those tensions are wrapped up in the history of the word itself. The short version is that the term history has evolved from an ancient Greek verb that means “to know”. The Greek word historia originally meant inquiry, the act of seeking knowledge, as well as the knowledge that results from inquiry. And from there it’s a short jump to the accounts of events that a person might put together from making inquiries-what we might call stories. The words story and history share much of their ancestry, and in previous eras, the overlap between them was much messier than it is today. The working out of distinction has taken centuries. Today, we might think of the dividing line as the one between fact and fiction. Stories are fanciful tales woven at bedtime. That word can even be used to describe an outright lie. Histories, on the other hand, are records of events. That word refers to all time before this very moment and everything that really happened up to now. The distinction is still messier than that, of course. Plenty of stories like the story of a person’s life or a "true story" on which a less-true film is based -are supposed to be factual. And plenty of stories go against easy categorization one way or the other. Take the notion of someone telling their side of a story. To them, that account might be perfectly correct. To someone else, that account might be totally incorrect. As the linguistic divide has evolved since the Middle Ages, we have come to expect more from history -that it be free from the imperfections of viewpoint and selective memory that stories so often contain. Yet it isn’t, humans being the imperfect creatures and history being something that is made rather than handed down from some all-knowing writer. That is why feminists, for example, rejected the word history and championed the notion of herstory during the 1970s to point out the fact that history has mostly come from a male perspective. The “his” in history has nothing, linguistically, to do with the pronoun referring to a male person. And some critics pointed that out back in the 1970s, saying that the invention of herstory showed ignorance about where the word comes from. But there’s evidence that the feminists knew as much at the time. And more importantly, the fact that it sounds possible that there would be a link can still tell us something. It can suggest a lot the about gender and whether a female viewpoint is included in the tales passed down in textbooks. That’s why, even if the origins of the word “history” are clear, the question of who gets to decide which version of the past is the right one remains a controversial debate centuries after the term came to be. 1．The word “overlap” in Paragraph 3 probably indicates ____. A．the knowledge people put together from different inquiries B．the distinction between the ancestry of “story” and “history” C．the meaning and use both “story” and “history” shared D．the dividing line between tales and records of events 2．The distinction between “history” and “story” is still messier today because ____. A．people often feel reluctant to tell a true story in a factual way B．different sides of stories fall into different categories too easily C．people have to tell correct or incorrect stories against their will D．sometimes it is very hard to distinguish between fact and fiction 3．The invention of “herstory” reveals that _____. A．history can be plainly interpreted as “his story” B．feminists didn’t know about the origins of “history” C．women should decide what to be written in history D．history is something made as a one-sided story 4．Which in the following is the best title? A．These Are the Characteristics of the Word “History” B．This Is Where the Word “History” Comes From C．How do “History”, “Story” and “Herstory” Differ? D．History Doesn’t Always Tell All the Truth to Us 5．The passage is meant to ________. A．discuss the origin and meaning of the word “history” B．point out the problems with the way history is taught C．show that history is often influenced by personal biases D．emphasize the importance of knowing the true meaning of words 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要提到了女权主义者（feminists）在20世纪70年代拒绝“history”这个词并倡导“herstory”的背景，进而分析了这种行为的背后原因以及相关的语言学事实。文章还讨论了关于“history”一词的起源以及谁有权决定哪个版本的过去是正确的这一争议性话题。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前一句“The words story and history share much of their ancestry (故事(story)和历史(history)这两个词有很多共同的渊源)”和下一句“The working out of distinction has taken centuries.(区分已经花了几个世纪的时间。)”可推测，划线单词指的是“故事(story)和历史(history)这两个词的共同意义和用法”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The distinction is still messier than that, of course. Plenty of stories like the story of a person’s life or a "true story" on which a less-true film is based -are supposed to be factual. And plenty of stories go against easy categorization one way or the other.(当然，区别仍然比这更复杂。很多故事，比如一个人的生活故事，或者一部不太真实的电影所依据的“真实故事”，都应该是真实的。很多故事都以这样或那样的方式违背了简单的分类。)”可知，区分历史和故事仍然很混乱，因为很多故事被认为是真实的，但也有很多故事不容易归类为事实或虚构。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“That is why feminists, for example, rejected the word history and championed the notion of herstory during the 1970s to point out the fact that history has mostly come from a male perspective.(这就是为什么女权主义者在20世纪70年代拒绝使用“history”这个词，并支持“历史故事”的概念，以指出历史主要来自男性视角的事实。)”可知，“history”的创造是单方面制作的故事。这最符合“herstory”的创造背景和意图，即指出历史通常是从男性的视角来叙述的，而“herstory”的提出是为了强调女性视角在历史中的重要性。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“As the linguistic divide has evolved since the Middle Ages, we have come to expect more from history -that it be free from the imperfections of viewpoint and selective memory that stories so often contain. Yet it isn’t, humans being the imperfect creatures and history being something that is made rather than handed down from some all-knowing writer.(自中世纪以来，随着语言鸿沟的演变，我们开始对历史有了更多的期望，希望它能摆脱故事中经常包含的观点和选择性记忆的不完善。但事实并非如此，人类是不完美的生物，历史是创造出来的，而不是某个无所不知的作家传下来的。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是历史只是单方面制作的故事，并不总是陈述了事实。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The short version is that the term history has evolved from an ancient Greek verb that means “to know”. The Greek word historia originally meant inquiry, the act of seeking knowledge, as well as the knowledge that results from inquiry. And from there it’s a short jump to the accounts of events that a person might put together from making inquiries-what we might call stories.(简而言之，“历史”一词是从一个古希腊动词演变而来的，意思是“知道”。希腊单词historia最初的意思是探究，探求知识的行为，以及探究所产生的知识。从这里，我们可以快速跳到一个人通过调查拼凑起来的事件的叙述——我们可以称之为故事。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了“history”一词的起源和含义。故选A。 （2024·天津滨海新·三模）Life’s journey can often be a lonely one without the comforting presence of companionship. While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship? Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship. We all face tough times, feeling depressed or even hopeless at times. A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. While it’s effortless to share joyous moments, friendship shines through during tough times. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests. True friends not only stand by you through thick and thin, but also offer constructive criticism when necessary. Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple,” highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear. While delivering criticism is never easy, a genuine friend is unafraid to point out mistakes or misguided paths. Giving constructive criticism, along with helpful advice, is a key part of true friendship. A true friend will speak up if they see you heading down a harmful path, even if it’s uncomfortable. The reluctance to speak up against a friend’s bad decision may lead to regret. As Wilde suggests, truth can be complex, but it’s important to express genuine concern. In a strong friendship, honest and caring advice weaves a web of trust and mutual growth. In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care. To have even one true friend is a blessing that should be treasured. Let us strive to be true friends and, in turn, cherish the true friends we encounter on life’s journey. 1．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ______. A．the essential nature of true friendship B．the significance of family bonds over friendship C．the challenges of maintaining lasting relationships D．the contribution of personal qualities to true friendship 2．What can be learnt about true friendship from Paragraph 2? A．It merely exists during moments of success. B．It relies on criticizing friends during tough times. C．It prioritizes personal interests over companionship. D．It involves mutual support during both highs and lows. 3．The author develops his arguments through ______. A．adopting proper exaggerations B．employing famous quotes C．sharing personal experiences D．providing statistical evidence 4．What does the underlined part “fair-weather companions” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Friends who are always reliable and trustworthy. B．Friends who offer constructive criticism with care. C．Friends who only support you during good times. D．Friends who show little interest in your success. 5．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Better an honest enemy than a false friend. B．Friendship is the only ship that never sinks. C．Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. D．Friends catch you when you fall and push you forward. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了真正的友谊的本质，包括在困难时期的相互支持，提供建设性的批评，以及愿意为朋友的利益牺牲个人的舒适。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship?”（虽然友谊的重要性经常被赞扬，但做一个真正的朋友的真正本质却经常被忽视。真正的朋友就像家人，你们之间的纽带足够强大，即使长时间不说话也能经受住考验。那么，是什么构成了真正的友谊呢？）可知，作者在第一段中提出了真正友谊的本质。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests.”（真正的朋友会在生活的起起落落中陪伴他们的伙伴。真正的朋友在困难时期不会抛弃对方；相反，他们会一起面对挑战，即使这与他们自己的利益相悖，也会提供相互支持。）可知，真正的友谊包括在起起落落中的相互支持。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship”（威尔·史密斯的话：“如果在我奋斗的时候你缺席，那就别指望在我成功的时候你在。”这句话抓住了真正友谊的真谛）和第三段“Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple, highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear.””（奥斯卡·王尔德曾经说过：“真相很少是纯粹的，也从不是简单的，强调告诉朋友他们可能不想听的事情是多么困难。”）可知文章中作者引用了Will Smith和Oscar Wilde的名言来支持他的观点，故选B。 4．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care.”（真正的朋友不是not fair-weather companions；他们与你一起经历高潮和低谷，并谨慎地提供建设性的批评。）可推知，和“陪你经历高潮和低谷并谨慎地提供建设性批评的朋友”形成对比，“fair-weather companions”指的是只在好时光里支持你的朋友，故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care.”（ 总之，真正友谊的本质在于愿意为了朋友的利益而牺牲个人的舒适。真正的朋友不是酒肉朋友；他们与你一起经历高潮和低谷，并谨慎地提供建设性的批评）可知，当你跌倒时，朋友会抓住你，并推动你前进。故选D。 （2024·天津南开·一模）This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased (死者) said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon. On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish (亚米希人), a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities. On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media. Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it. 1．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________. A．propose a definition B．make a comparison C．reach a conclusion D．introduce a topic 2．What does the author intend to show with the example of the Amish? A．Their way of life will change in the near future. B．Not everyone is willing to embrace new technology. C．The quality of life in the countryside is higher than in the city. D．Following the lifestyle of celebrities will lead to a decline in the quality of life. 3．What does the author mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．New technology has brought a lot of convenience to mankind. B．New technology can prevent potential natural disasters from happening. C．New technology can help us expand our circle of friends. D．New technology can help us find our friends on the other side of the world. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards new technology? A．Pessimistic. B．Critical. C．Skeptical. D．Grateful. 5．What makes the best title for the passage? A．Should Driverless Car Have a Future. B．The Amish and New Technology C．Driverless Car with New Technology D．Should We Fight New Technology? 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过无人驾驶汽车发生车祸引起很多人对这项新技术持否定态度引出话题。一方面，有的人确实可以在没有新技术的情况下仍然生活得更好；另一方面新技术也给各地的人们带来了很多好处。对此作者认为新技术给社会和个人都带来了好处，对新技术持支持的态度。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased (死者) said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.(今天早上，我看到了一个令人震惊的标题:“无人驾驶模式下发生车祸，乘客死亡”。在这篇文章中，很多人都说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。他们说，一些技术进步是不必要的，甚至可能是危险的。因此，我们不应该仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它。该报纸报道称，这家汽车公司已经为事故道歉，但死者家属表示，这还不够。尽管如此，该公司仍然声称，不久的将来，大多数人都会乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行)”可推知，作者通过无人驾驶汽车发生车祸引起很多人对这项新技术持否定态度以及这家汽车公司持有的不同态度引出话题。由此可知第一段的目的是引入一个主题。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish (亚米希人), a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet.(一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。最有名的可能是阿米什人，一群生活在美国农村的基督徒。他们不买车，也不开车，不看电视，也不上网)”可推知，作者想用阿米什人的例子说明不是每个人都愿意接受新技术。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.(另一方面，多年来，新技术为世界各地的人们提供了许多好处。例如，最新的天气跟踪计算机程序为人们提供了许多关于潜在自然灾害的警告，这挽救了许多人的生命。此外，互联网使朋友和家人保持联系成为可能，即使他们在世界的两端。它还使人们更容易在生活中找到机会，因为它允许人们通过使用社交媒体建立更大的朋友网络)”可知，作者在第三段主要想告诉我们新技术给人类带来了很多便利。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life.(就我个人而言，我从技术进步中获益良多。我是通过社交网络找到AI设计师这一职业的。我一直戴着的健康监测器也帮助我保持了一生中最好的身材)”可推知，作者对新技术的态度是感激的。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new.(在这篇文章中，很多人都说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。他们说，一些技术进步是不必要的，甚至可能是危险的。因此，我们不应该仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它)”以及倒数第二段中“On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years.(另一方面，多年来，新技术为世界各地的人们提供了许多好处)”结合文章主要说明了新技术导致了人类死亡，因此遭到了一些人的反对，对此作者认为新技术给社会和个人都带来了好处。可知，D选项“我们应该反对新技术吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （2024·天津河东·一模）“I can’t live without my mobile phone!” is what I often hear people say as they talk about how mobiles have become an essential part of their lives. The all so common sight of heads bent, eyes staring at mobile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself across major cities around the world. Whenever there is a moment to spare while on the train, taxi or waiting in a queue, people busy themselves with their mobile phones. Some people believe our unhealthy obsession with mobile phones is destroying how we appreciate the little things in life or miss the moments that matter. The truth is that technology overall should be seen as a tool to improve our lives. Mobile phones have certainly had a great influence on our lives, but I truly believe it’s for the better. It’s changed the way we communicate, whether for work or play. We are now less constrained (限制) by time and geographical location. With my mobile phone, I can dial into conference calls while stuck in a traffic jam, or reply to urgent e-mails while on the go. I can send a text message or share photos and videos with friends who aren’t living in the same country. My phone calendar keeps my life organized, and even Facebook. Twitter, and instant messaging are now accessible from mobile phones! The mobile revolution isn’t just changing the lives of urbanite like myself. I know of a young Bangladeshi woman named Shompa Akhter who is crazy about fashion and design. She dreamt about starting her own business and she did just that, opening a shop in Kushtia featuring her own creations. Dealing with suppliers in different towns was a problem for Shompa-purchase orders had to either be hand delivered or mailed out to suppliers. Shompa also found it tough publicizing (宣传) her business to potential customers outside her town. But once she learnt to operate the mobile phone, she was addicted. The 25-year-old businesswoman now stays in touch easily with her suppliers. Mobile e-mail is a blessing in her life. Who would have thought that mobility could bring about such enormous change? It shouldn’t really be a surprise though. 1．The author intends to ____by citing a common saying about mobile phones at the beginning. A．attract the readers’ attention B．introduce the topic C．stress how mobile phones affect our lives D．share his own feelings about mobile phones 2．In the first two paragraphs, the author wants to show ____. A．mobile phones make people communicate less B．mobile phones make people’s life more enjoyable C．people’s health is greatly affected by mobile phones D．people become addicted to mobile phones in daily life 3．What’s the author’s attitude towards mobile phones? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Critical. D．Uninterested. 4．Paragraph 5 is mainly about ____. A．new functions of mobile phones B．new changes in Information Age C．the advantages of mobile phones D．the author’s personal experiences 5．What do we know about Shompa from the passage? A．She operates a food store. B．She is addicted to Internet surfing. C．Mobile e-mail is still unavailable to her. D．Her mobile phone helped her business a lot. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当代社会，人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机，但是作者认为，手机的出现给我们的生活带来了许多积极的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““I can’t live without my mobile phone!” is what I often hear people say as they talk about how mobiles have become an essential part of their lives.(“没有手机我活不下去！”这是我经常听到人们在谈论手机如何成为他们生活中必不可少的一部分时所说的话)”及第二段“The all so common sight of heads bent, eyes staring at mobile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself across major cities around the world.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演)”可知，作者在第一段引用了一句关于手机的俗语是为了强调手机如何影响我们的生活。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容及第二段“The all so common sight of heads bent, eyes staring at mobile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself across major cities around the world. Whenever there is a moment to spare while on the train, taxi or waiting in a queue, people busy themselves with their mobile phones.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演。在火车上、出租车上或排队等候时，只要有空闲时间，人们就会忙着玩手机)”可知，前两段作者想要说明人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机的现象。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Mobile phones have certainly had a great influence on our lives, but I truly believe it’s for the better.(手机确实对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，但我真的相信它会变得更好)”推知，作者对于手机表示支持态度。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It’s changed the way we communicate, whether for work or play. We are now less constrained (限制) by time and geographical location.(它改变了我们沟通的方式，无论是工作还是娱乐。我们现在不再受时间和地理位置的限制)”及“My phone calendar keeps my life organized, and even Facebook. Twitter, and instant messaging are now accessible from mobile phones!(我的手机日历让我的生活井井有条，甚至是Facebook。Twitter和即时通讯现在可以从手机上访问)”可知，这一段作者描述了手机的优点。故选C项。 5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Shompa also found it tough publicizing (宣传) her business to potential customers outside her town. But once she learnt to operate the mobile phone, she was addicted. The 25-year-old businesswoman now stays in touch easily with her suppliers. Mobile e-mail is a blessing in her life.(尚帕还发现，向镇子以外的潜在客户宣传她的生意很困难。但是一旦她学会使用手机，她就上瘾了。这位25岁的女商人现在很容易与她的供应商保持联系。移动电子邮件是她生活中的幸事)”可知，Shompa的手机对她的生意帮助很大。故选D项。 （2024·天津河北·一模）In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much? Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information. Consider a scenario where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach. This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck, unable to achieve your desired outcomes. An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot. The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals. In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. This balanced approach is key to overcoming the paralysis of overlearning and actively moving towards realizing your ambitions. 1．What problem does the digital age present in learning? A．Too much information. B．Learning to inaction. C．Online distractions. D．Technical issues. 2．What stops people from achieving the goal? A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks. B．The inability to find relevant information. C．The confusion caused by the information. D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy. 3．Why is practical experience important in the learning process? A．It replaces continuous learning. B．It is irrelevant in gaining knowledge. C．It holds back theoretical understanding. D．It offers a comprehensive understanding. 4．The example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5 is used to ________. A．compare different learning styles B．show the importance of making mistakes C．emphasize the need for parental guidance D．explain learning through action and experience 5．What makes the best title for the passage? A．The Paradox of Information Overload B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing C．The Pursuit of Balanced Knowledge D．The Process of Learning to Walk 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。在数字时代，过量的信息会造成学习停滞的问题，因此，在学习过程中，实践经验能帮助我们更全面的理解学习的知识，从而实现目标。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away, the question arises: can one learn too much? Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge. However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed by too much information.(在今天的数字时代，海量的信息只需点击一下，问题就来了：一个人会不会学得太多？因为没有人能掌握人类的全部知识。然而，有一种现象是，过度学习可能导致无所作为，一种被太多信息淹没的状态)”可知，数字时代给学习提供了太多的信息。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“You begin by conducting extensive research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically feels like your understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more complex and out of reach.(你首先要进行广泛的研究，深入研究这个主题。当你吸收的信息越多，你的理解力就越差。每一个新的概念或策略都揭示出更深的层次，使目标看起来更加复杂和遥不可及)”可知，过多的信息会让理解变得更加复杂和遥不可及，即使理解变得更混乱。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”可知，在学习过程中，实际经验是重要的，因为它可以通过实践帮助理解信息，提供一个全面的理解。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”和倒数第二段“A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you gradually move closer to your goals.(婴儿不是通过坐着和分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路和摔倒来学习，然后从每次跌倒中了解什么有用，什么没用。通过反复的努力，最终学会了走路。这种方法也适用于目标实现。通过参与行动，从结果中学习，并做出相应的调整，你会逐渐接近你的目标)”可知，通过“婴儿学习走路”的例子可以解释通过行动和经验来学习这个观点。故选D项。 5．主旨大意题。根据文章全文，尤其是最后一段“In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action. Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations.(总之，虽然追求知识是有价值的，但重要的是不要让它成为行动的障碍。学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的相互作用，我们才能真正朝着我们的愿望前进)”可知，本文介绍在学习过程中，应将信息和实践相结合，这样能更好地实现目标。B选项“学与做的和谐”与本文主旨相符。故选B项。 （2023·天津滨海新·三模）Have you ever come out of a steamy hot shower and tried to look at your reflection in the mirror when it’s completely steamed and fogged up? I often think that is how we tend to view our beauty—through fogged up mirrors. We are seeing ourselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear! The mirrors have been fogged up through different life experiences and memories as we have grown up, and now blend together to form our own definition of our beauty. The first mirror is formed as a young child and is often based on what was said about us from our parents and those around us. I remember being told that I was a cute child, so that when I got a little older and was around six or seven and another child tried to tell me I was ugly- everything within me rose up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said stood strong. The second mirror is the mirror of adolescence, those formative years when we are pushed into the big wild world and out of the protection of home. As a teenager I went to a boarding school, and I was one of the only two black people in the entire school. Children being naturally curious, I felt like I was asked a million and one different questions about both my hair and skin tone- -and I don’t think there has ever been a time when I have been more acutely aware of my appearance, which in turn opened up the door for me to question how I looked and to thankfully embrace my differences. The final mirror comes from socially constructed ideas of beauty. We are often faced with numerous images in the media, popular culture, society, peers and social media, which can create a false ideal of beauty in our eyes. We tend to compare ourselves to those ideals and use it as some sort of margin (差值) of measurement. However, real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself, perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece, a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder, without judgement. Maybe it’s time to create a fourth mirror, a new mirror that is wiped clean and is minus the fog of comparisons, accusations, judgments and expectations. 1．What do the fogged-up mirrors represent according to the first paragraph? A．The difficulties of seeing oneself in the mirror. B．The various sources of beauty standards. C．The unclear perceptions of one’s beauty. D．The life experiences and memories. 2．How did the author react when someone called her ugly? A．She felt embarrassed. B．She completely denied it. C．She sought comfort from her parents. D．She questioned what her parents had said. 3．What can we learn about social constructed ideas of beauty? A．They push teens out of home protection. B．They arouse acute awareness of one’s appearance. C．They may mislead people’s idea of beauty. D．They are the exact measurement of beauty. 4．What does the author suggest as a possible fourth mirror? A．A mirror not affected by external factors. B．A mirror going against society’s expectations. C．A mirror reflecting one’s childhood experiences. D．A mirror showing the beauty ideals from social media. 5．The passage is mainly written to tell us that we should________. A．bring happiness to those around us B．keep our resolve despite obstacles C．change ourselves to achieve an ideal D．embrace our real inner beauty 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。在我们成长中，不同的生活经历和记忆赋予了我们对美的定义。在我们的成长过程中有三面镜子，第一面镜子是在孩童时期形成的，通常是基于父母和周围人对我们的评价；第二面镜子是青春期的镜子，在成长的岁月里，我们被推进大自然的世界，脱离了家的保护，意识到自己的不同；第三面镜子来自社会建构的美的观念。作者通过介绍这三面镜子，告诉我们真正的美来自内心，要接受自己的一切。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I often think that is how we tend to view our beauty—through fogged up mirrors. We are seeing ourselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear!The mirrors have been fogged up through different life experiences and memories as we have grown up, and now blend together to form our own definition of our beauty.(我常常认为这就是我们看待自己美丽的方式——透过雾蒙蒙的镜子。我们看到了我们自己，但是画面不是很清楚！随着我们的成长，镜子已经被不同的生活经历和记忆所模糊，现在融合在一起，形成了我们自己对美的定义。)”可知，第一段中提到的被雾遮住的镜子指的是人们对美的模糊认识。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I remember being told that I was a cute child, so that when I got a little older and was around six or seven and another child tried to tell me I was ugly- everything within me rose up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said stood strong.(我记得有人告诉我，我是一个可爱的孩子，所以当我长大一点，大概六七岁的时候，另一个孩子试图告诉我我很丑——我内心的一切都站起来反对这种说法，因为我对父母说的话的自信是坚定不移的。)”可知，当有人说作者丑时，她完全否认这种说法，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“We are often faced with numerous images in the media, popular culture, society, peers and social media, which can create a false ideal of beauty in our eyes.(我们经常在媒体、大众文化、社会、同龄人和社交媒体上面对大量的形象，这些形象会在我们眼中营造出一种错误的美的理想。)”可知，从社会建构的美的观念可能会误导人们对美的看法。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself, perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece, a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder, without judgement. Maybe it’s time to create a fourth mirror, a new mirror that is wiped clean and is minus the fog of comparisons, accusations, judgments and expectations.(然而，真正的美来自内心。这就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺点和所有的一切。你是一个杰作，一个独特的融合基因和生活经验。像欣赏其他艺术作品或自然奇观一样欣赏自己是必不可少的，不要妄加评判。也许是时候创造第四面镜子了，一面被擦得干干净净、没有比较、指责、判断和期望的迷雾的新镜子。)”可推知，作者认为第四面镜子是一面不受外界影响的镜子，故选A。 5．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“However, real beauty comes from within. It is acceptance of yourself, perceived flaws and all. You are a masterpiece, a unique blend of genes and life experiences. It’s essential to appreciate yourself like any other work of art or natural wonder, without judgement. (然而，真正的美来自内心。这就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺点和所有的一切。你是一个杰作，一个独特的融合基因和生活经验。像欣赏其他艺术作品或自然奇观一样欣赏自己是必不可少的，不要妄加评判。)”可知，在我们成长中，不同的生活经历和记忆赋予了我们对美的定义。在我们的成长过程中有三面镜子，第一面镜子是在孩童时期形成的，通常是基于父母和周围人对我们的评价；第二面镜子是青春期的镜子，在成长的岁月里，我们被推进大自然的世界，脱离了家的保护，意识到自己的不同；第三面镜子来自社会建构的美的观念。作者通过介绍这三面镜子，告诉我们真正的美来自内心，要接受自己的一切。由此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们要拥抱我们真正的内在美，故选D。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$