专题02 Unit 2 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题）-2024-2025学年高一英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020必修第三册)

Unit 2 Natural disasters (译林版2020必修第三册) 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题) Ⅰ单句语法填空 1．To meet the country’s carbon neutrality (碳中和) commitment, China’s (inform) technology companies should set a goal of sourcing 100 percent renewable energy by 2030. 2．More details on Philip’s funeral arrangements are expected (confirm) by Buckingham Palace on Saturday, according to a royal source. 3．The young girl ran down the (stair), and went out of the building, disappearing in the dark street very soon. 4．Hearing the news, my immediate (react) was one of shock. 5．News of their safety came as a great (relieve). 6．Traffic lights are there to guide traffic in an (order) way. 7．Scientists are urging less use of chemicals to reduce theirs (destroy) effects on the environment. 8．I’m anxiously waiting for the (confirm) of the blood test results in the hall of the hospital. 9．Jack’s (react) to the news that he gained the opportunity to study in Harvard University was excitement. 10．Over-fishing, coupled with (destroy) fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment. 11．It （occur）to George that he could pass the ball to David, who was in a good position to shoot at the basket. 12．The driver rather than passengers in the front seat (injure) after the car crashed into a tree. 13．The organization’s mission is to create a platform where individuals from diverse backgrounds can come together to (social), exchange ideas, and collaborate. 14．Young people must study hard to improve the economy and (strength) our country. 15．In order to (memory) these words, he is buried in reading them on a daily basis. 16．The radio says nearly 50 percent of the city has already been (flood) after continuous rain. 17．The teacher encourages students to keep their (curious) alive, as it helps them learn new knowledge. 18．All the dishes in the menu, unless stated, will serve two to three people. 19．I opened the packet just to satisfy my , because I was about the gift. （curious） 20．The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano (erupt). 21．Xi’an, an ancient capital of China, has secured a place among the most popular (destination) for the enchanting appeal. 22．Devoted to (unearth) the secret of nature, the young scientist has little time for entertainment. 23．They watched the bus disappear into the (distant). 24．She is the first Chinese (break) the world record in the Olympic Games. 25．He had his leg (break) while restoring the roof, which made everyone worried about him. 26．The old farmer’s white hair contrasts (sharp) with his dark skin. 27．I haven't seen her since she was a little girl, and she has changed recognition now. 28．In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was signal for everyone to stand up. 29．The children’s mother signalled them (be) quiet when she was watching the news. \ 30．The old man (hug) me tightly, thanking me for helping him cross the street. 31．A good idea occurred me when I was reading the book. 32． occurred to me that I had met him somewhere. 33．Most of the people all over the world were angry at the (shock) violence. 34．Hearing the unexpected news, Mary froze with shock, as if (root) to the spot. 35．Looking at the house which lay in ruins shock, he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped. 36．The thief got (scare) and ran away. 37．The rising prices is scaring the customers . 38．He was one of the most (power) men who could deal with the conflict. 39．Our school made a (donate) of 12,000 yuan to the children in the flood-stricken area, expecting that it could help them get through the difficulty. 40．Last year, we wanted to donate the organization but they refused because they had enough clothes. Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南昆明·期末） The earthquake hit San Francisco on Wednesday morning, April 18, 1906. Within 1 hour, the disaster shook down walls. Fires started and the smoke could 2 (see) 100 miles away. The firefighters to 3 the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate. All of the ways to keep the city safe were gone, leaving the city in ruins. Nothing was the same in 4 (compare) to its past state. By Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city had been gone. From every direction, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city 5 countless homes had once stood. Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Local government took 6 (effect) measures to clear ruins so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands people who had lost their homes left the city 7 (look) for shelters. Some were dressed only in blankets (毯子) and carried their remaining belongings, 8 they had rescued from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing. To everyone’s surprise, this disaster brought out the best in every 9 (survive). Never in San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as they were 10 this night of disaster. Passage 2 （24-25高一上·广东·期末） Super typhoon Meranti almost washed away the historical bridges in Taishun county, Zhejiang Province, in 2016. The community took immediate 11 (measure) to restore them using the original components and 12 (tradition) construction techniques. China’s swift restorations of historical sites have won global praise for setting 13 example in overcoming climate change. Chinese government attaches great importance to 14 (preserve) relics in extreme weather. Every year before flood season, the National Cultural Heritage Administration 15 (issue) notices on strengthening the safety of cultural heritage, and then provinces and cities react, forming a comprehensive (全面的) system to prepare for natural challenges. In 2012, the China World Cultural Heritage Monitoring Center 16 (establish). Now it is responsible for monitoring World Cultural Heritage sites in China. China’s heritage monitoring not only classifies types of disasters but also, 17 (base) on data, summarizes the timing of extreme weather events and potential disasters each, providing a basis for heritage managers to prevent disasters. Foreign experts spoke 18 (high) of China’s efforts. Andrew Potts, a specialist in this area from the United States, hopes Chinese experts can take part 19 more discussions and contribute to a rule 20 will be issued during the 30th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30) in Brazil. Passage 3 （24-25高一上·湖北十堰·期末） Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden release (释放) of energy within the Earth’s crust, causing it to shake. This 21 (usual) happens because the large pieces of the Earth’s surface, called plates, move. Knowing about earthquakes is important because we can stay safe and prepare 22 them. Scientists study earthquakes and use special tools 23 can detect (检测) and measure these shakes. Knowing the patterns (模式) 24 strength of the shakes, scientists can learn where and how strong the earthquakes are. One important thing scientists look for is fault lines (断层线). These are cracks in the Earth where earthquakes are more likely 25 (happen). For example, the Sichuan Province in China has many earthquakes because it is near big fault lines. By 26 (study) these areas, scientists can understand more about earthquakes and how to reduce the damage they cause. Education and being ready are also very important. 27 (school) and communities often practice what to do when an earthquake happens. This 28 (include) taking cover under strong furniture and holding on until the shaking stops. In a word, earthquakes are a major natural event that we need to understand better. Study earthquakes, and we can improve 29 (we) ability to know what time they will happen and keep people safe during these 30 (power) events. Passage 4 （24-25高一上·江西宜春·阶段练习） The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) 31 (form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 police dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 32 lives are changed by a storm, flood, earthquake, or any other natural disasters. The team went on 33 (it) first international rescue tasks in 2003 when the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and won high praise for 34 (brave) and skill. Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat wounds, and hand 35 food, water, and other supplies. They have to be able to do work that is difficult in dangerous 36 (situation). After a disaster, there is usually no electricity or water, and there may be diseases and other dangers. Rescue workers get to save lives, but they must also bury the 37 (die). That means they have to be strong in 38 body and mind. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes a lot of love and courage 39 (risk) one’s own life to save someone else’s. The members of the CISAR have plenty of both and 40 (be) always ready to go wherever help is needed. Passage 5 Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. 41 no light outside, it felt like midnight. The news on TV 42 (report) that a heavy rain was in the area. Everyone in the neighbor was busy. Ben’s dad was putting 43 (piece) of wood over the windows 44 his mom was making sure that the flashlight and radio were working. She also put some candles and matches on the table. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat 45 (heavy) against the windows. After dinner, they tried 46 (play) a card game, but it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. Ben couldn’t sleep at 47 (one). He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. When he woke up, the sun rose. He went outside with his family and found the neighborhood in 48 mess. Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish 49 (be) everywhere. They join the neighbors to help clean up the neighborhood together. Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors 50 (close) together. Passage 6 A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan 51 July 28, 1976, in which thousands of people died and many injured. People were greatly 52 (shock) because nearly all the buildings 53 (fall) down and the whole city lay in 54 (ruin). All the electricity was cut off and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last. It seemed as 55 the world were coming to an end. The people of Tangshan didn’t lose hope because 150,000 soldiers were sent to Tangshan. The soldiers tried their best 56 (dig) out those who were trapped. They also built shelters for the 57 (survive). Water and food were taken to the city by every means. 58 (slow), the city began to come back to life. It was said that before the earthquake, strange things happened in the countryside. The water in the village wells 59 (rise) and fell. Fish jumped out of the ponds. Strange noises 60 (hear) in the sky, but people thought little of them. ( 5 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Natural disasters (译林版2020必修第三册) 语法填空专练(词汇句式全考查100题) Ⅰ单句语法填空 1．To meet the country’s carbon neutrality (碳中和) commitment, China’s (inform) technology companies should set a goal of sourcing 100 percent renewable energy by 2030. 【答案】information 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了实现国家的碳中和承诺，中国的信息技术公司应该设定一个到2030年100%采购可再生能源的目标。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用名词information，修饰名词technology，作定语，表示“信息技术”。故填information。 2．More details on Philip’s funeral arrangements are expected (confirm) by Buckingham Palace on Saturday, according to a royal source. 【答案】to be confirmed 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：据王室消息人士透露，有关菲利普亲王葬礼安排的更多细节预计将于周六由白金汉宫确认。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定用法be expected to do sth.意为“预计……”，所以此处应为不定式形式作补语，且confirm与逻辑主语more details之间为被动关系，所以此处使用不定式的被动形式。故填to be confirmed。 3．The young girl ran down the (stair), and went out of the building, disappearing in the dark street very soon. 【答案】stairs 【详解】考查可数名词的单复数。句意：年轻女孩跑下楼梯，走出大楼，很快消失在黑暗的街道上。stair意为“楼梯”，为可数名词，根据ran down可知，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。故填stairs。 4．Hearing the news, my immediate (react) was one of shock. 【答案】reaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：听到这个消息，我的第一反应是震惊。作主语，应用名词reaction，结合was可知为单数。故填reaction。 5．News of their safety came as a great (relieve). 【答案】relief 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们平安的消息传来，使他们大大地松了一口气。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，relieve的名词为relief为不可数名词，且空前有不定冠词a，此处为抽象名词具体化，表示“一件让人轻松的事”。故填relief。 6．Traffic lights are there to guide traffic in an (order) way. 【答案】orderly/ordered 【详解】考查形容词。句意：红绿灯是用来引导交通秩序的。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词way，order的形容词为orderly或ordered意为“组织有序的”符合句意。故填orderly/ordered。 7．Scientists are urging less use of chemicals to reduce theirs (destroy) effects on the environment. 【答案】destructive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家们正敦促减少使用化学药品以降低其对环境的破坏性影响。空处修饰名词effects，需用形容词形式，destroy的形容词为destructive，意为“破坏性的”。故填destructive。 8．I’m anxiously waiting for the (confirm) of the blood test results in the hall of the hospital. 【答案】confirmation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我在医院的大厅里焦急地等待验血结果的确认。空处作for的宾语，空前有冠词the，confirm的名词形式confirmation符合题意，意为“确认，证实”。故填confirmation。 9．Jack’s (react) to the news that he gained the opportunity to study in Harvard University was excitement. 【答案】reaction 【详解】考查名词。句意：杰克得知他有机会在哈佛大学学习时，他的反应是兴奋的。Jack’s 后接名词形式，在句中作主语。react的名词形式为reaction，为“反应；回应”之意，为不可数名词。故填reaction。 10．Over-fishing, coupled with (destroy) fishing practices, is killing off the fish and ruining their environment. 【答案】destructive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：过度捕捞，再加上破坏性的捕捞行为，正在杀死鱼类，破坏它们的环境。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰fishing practices，destroy的形容词是destructive，意为“破坏性的”。故填destructive。 11．It （occur）to George that he could pass the ball to David, who was in a good position to shoot at the basket. 【答案】occurred 【详解】考查时态。句意：乔治突然想到他可以把球传给大卫，大卫在一个投篮的好位置。描述过去发生的动作用一般过去时。故填occurred。 12．The driver rather than passengers in the front seat (injure) after the car crashed into a tree. 【答案】was injured 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：汽车撞到一棵树上，受伤的不是前排座位上的乘客，而是司机。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语从句的谓语crashed可知，主句谓语动词injure为一般过去时，injure与主语之间为被动关系，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态，rather than连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于前者，即the driver，为第三人称单数，谓语单数形式。故填was injured。 13．The organization’s mission is to create a platform where individuals from diverse backgrounds can come together to (social), exchange ideas, and collaborate. 【答案】socialize/socialize 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该组织的使命是创建一个平台，让来自不同背景的人可以聚集在一起进行社交、交流思想和合作。空处位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形socialize/socialise构成动词不定式作目的状语。故填socialize/socialise。 14．Young people must study hard to improve the economy and (strength) our country. 【答案】strengthen 【详解】考查动词。句意：年轻人必须努力学习以改善经济并加强我们的国家。作谓语动词，需用动词形式strengthen，与improve并列，保持句子结构一致，用不定式作目的状语。故填strengthen。 15．In order to (memory) these words, he is buried in reading them on a daily basis. 【答案】memorize 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了记住这些单词，他每天都埋头阅读它们。本句使用了动词不定式做目的状语，所以设空处应填动词原形，memory的动词形式为memorize。故填memorize。 16．The radio says nearly 50 percent of the city has already been (flood) after continuous rain. 【答案】flooded 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：广播中说，在持续降雨后，接近一半的城市已经被淹。says后为宾语从句，从句主语nearly 50 percent of the city与flood“淹没”为被动关系，本空应用过去分词，与空前的has been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填flooded。 17．The teacher encourages students to keep their (curious) alive, as it helps them learn new knowledge. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：老师鼓励学生保持好奇心，因为这有助于他们学习新知识。根据空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，空处应用名词作宾语，curious为形容词，其名词为curiosity，意为“好奇心”。故填curiosity。 18．All the dishes in the menu, unless stated, will serve two to three people. 【答案】otherwise 【详解】考查副词。句意：菜单上所有的菜，除非另有说明，供两到三人食用。副词otherwise表示“在其他方面，另”。故填otherwise。 19．I opened the packet just to satisfy my , because I was about the gift. （curious） 【答案】 curiosity curious 【详解】考查名词、形容词。句意：我打开包裹仅仅是为了满足我的好奇心，因为我对礼物感到好奇。分析句子结构可知，第一个空格填名词，curious的名词形式是curiosity，好奇，好奇心；不可数名词，第二个空格需要形容词作表语，curious是形容词，好奇的。故填 curiosity；curious。 20．The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano (erupt). 【答案】erupted 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：火山爆发后，住在我们隔壁的那对夫妇自愿去帮忙。空处是从句谓语动词，根据上文volunteered可知，此处是描述已经发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填erupted。 21．Xi’an, an ancient capital of China, has secured a place among the most popular (destination) for the enchanting appeal. 【答案】destinations 【详解】考查名词。句意：西安，中国的一座古都，凭借其迷人的魅力在最受欢迎的旅游目的地中占据了一席之地。destination表示“目的地，旅游目的地”，是可数名词，此处“among the most popular...”表示“在最受欢迎的…… 之中”，说明是多个目的地，所以要用复数形式。故填 destinations。 22．Devoted to (unearth) the secret of nature, the young scientist has little time for entertainment. 【答案】unearthing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：致力于揭示自然的秘密，这位年轻的科学家几乎没有时间娱乐。介词to后接动名词形式作宾语。故填unearthing。 23．They watched the bus disappear into the (distant). 【答案】distance 【详解】考查名词。句意：他们看着公共汽车消失在远处。空处应填名词distance“远处”在句中作介词into的宾语。故填distance。 24．She is the first Chinese (break) the world record in the Olympic Games. 【答案】to break 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一个在奥运会上打破世界纪录的中国人。the first+名词+动词不定式表示“第一个做某事的人”，空处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词Chinese。故填to break。 25．He had his leg (break) while restoring the roof, which made everyone worried about him. 【答案】broken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在修屋顶的时候摔断了腿，这让每个人都很担心他。have sth done为固定短语，使用过去分词作宾补结构，此处his leg与break之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词。故填broken。 26．The old farmer’s white hair contrasts (sharp) with his dark skin. 【答案】sharply 【详解】考查副词。句意：老农民的白发与他的黑皮肤形成鲜明对比。分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词contrasts，应用副词形式。所给词sharp的副词形式是sharply，意为“鲜明地”。故填sharply。 27．I haven't seen her since she was a little girl, and she has changed recognition now. 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：她还是个小女孩的时候我就没见过她了，现在她已经变了样。结合句意可知为短语beyond recognition，表示“面目全非”。故填beyond。 28．In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was signal for everyone to stand up. 【答案】a 【详解】考查冠词。句意：在我们课堂上，当铃声响起，老师合起课本时，这是让每个人都起立的信号。signal意为“信号”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰。所连接的单词发音以辅音开头，故填a。 29．The children’s mother signalled them (be) quiet when she was watching the news. \ 【答案】to be 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：孩子们的母亲在看新闻时示意他们安静。此处为固定用法“signal sb. to do sth.”意为“示意某人做某事”，所以此处应使用不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to be。 30．The old man (hug) me tightly, thanking me for helping him cross the street. 【答案】hugged 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：那位老人紧紧地拥抱我，感谢我帮他过马路。动词hug意为“拥抱”，根据“thanking me for helping him cross the street”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填hugged。 31．A good idea occurred me when I was reading the book. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我在读这本书的时候想到了一个好主意。根据句意和空格前的occurred可知，此处考查固定搭配occur to意为 “想到；被想起”。故填to。 32． occurred to me that I had met him somewhere. 【答案】It 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我突然想起在什么地方见过他。句型It occurred to sb. that表示“某人突然想起……”，It做形式主语，故填It。 33．Most of the people all over the world were angry at the (shock) violence. 【答案】shocking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：全世界大多数人都对这场令人震惊的暴力事件感到愤怒。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，shocking，表“令人震惊的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填shocking。 34．Hearing the unexpected news, Mary froze with shock, as if (root) to the spot. 【答案】rooted 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：听到这个意外的消息,玛丽呆住了,动弹不得。本句为状语从句的省略，还原后为：as if he was rooted，省略了he was。故填rooted。 35．Looking at the house which lay in ruins shock, he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：看到这所房子已成废墟，他震惊之下立即拨打了911来营救被困的受伤人员。此处是固定搭配：in shock意为“震惊地”。故填in。 36．The thief got (scare) and ran away. 【答案】scared 【详解】考查形容词。句意：小偷吓得跑掉了。根据The thief可知，空处应用形容人的形容词scared，表示人的情绪，作表语。故填scared。 37．The rising prices is scaring the customers . 【答案】away/off 【详解】考查副词。句意：不断上涨的价格把顾客吓跑了。根据句中The rising prices可知，此处表示上涨的价格把顾客吓跑，空处应用away/off，构成动词短语scare sb away/off表示“把某人吓跑”，符合句意。故填away/off。 38．He was one of the most (power) men who could deal with the conflict. 【答案】powerful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是能够处理这场冲突的最有权势的人之一。修饰名词men用形容词powerful，作定语，此处为one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，表示“最……之一”。故填powerful。 39．Our school made a (donate) of 12,000 yuan to the children in the flood-stricken area, expecting that it could help them get through the difficulty. 【答案】donation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们学校向洪水灾区的孩子们捐赠了一万二千元，希望能帮助他们度过难关。空处应填名词作宾语，donation“捐赠”，名词，故填donation。 40．Last year, we wanted to donate the organization but they refused because they had enough clothes. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：去年，我们想捐赠给这个组织，但他们拒绝了，因为他们有足够的衣服。donate to是固定短语，意为“捐赠给……”，因此空格处用介词to，故填to。 Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Passage 1 （24-25高一上·云南昆明·期末） The earthquake hit San Francisco on Wednesday morning, April 18, 1906. Within 1 hour, the disaster shook down walls. Fires started and the smoke could 2 (see) 100 miles away. The firefighters to 3 the task was given did their best but there was no way to organize or communicate. All of the ways to keep the city safe were gone, leaving the city in ruins. Nothing was the same in 4 (compare) to its past state. By Wednesday afternoon, half the heart of the city had been gone. From every direction, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city 5 countless homes had once stood. Wednesday night saw the destruction of the very heart of the city. Local government took 6 (effect) measures to clear ruins so that they would not be a danger to those in the streets. Tens of thousands people who had lost their homes left the city 7 (look) for shelters. Some were dressed only in blankets (毯子) and carried their remaining belongings, 8 they had rescued from the fires. But there were no fights and no pushing. To everyone’s surprise, this disaster brought out the best in every 9 (survive). Never in San Francisco’s history were her people so kind as they were 10 this night of disaster. 【答案】1．an/one 2．be seen 3．whom 4．comparison 5．where 6．effective 7．to look 8．which 9．survivor 10．On 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了1906年4月18日星期三早上，旧金山发生的一场大火，成千上万失去家园的人们离开了城市寻找避难所，令人惊讶的是，这场灾难激发出每个人最好的一面。在灾祸的这一夜，旧金山的人们展现出前所未有的善良。 1．考查冠词或数词。句意：在一个小时内，灾难把墙都震倒了。hour为可数名词单数，此处表示“一个”，应用不定冠词，且hour为元音音素开头的单词，应用an；也可以用one hour表示“一个小时”。故填an/one。 2．考查动词语态。句意：火灾发生了，浓烟在一百里外都能看到。主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且情态动词could后跟动词原形。故填be seen。 3．考查定语从句。句意：接到任务的消防员竭尽全力，但没有办法组织或沟通。此处为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词firefighters，先行词在从句中作介词to的宾语，指人，故用关系代词whom。故填whom。 4．考查名词。句意：与过去相比，一切都变了。结合句意表示“与……相比”可知短语为in comparison to。故填comparison。 5．考查定语从句。句意：四面八方，强风吹向这座曾经矗立着无数房屋的不幸城市。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词city，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 6．考查形容词。句意：当地政府采取了有效措施清理废墟，以免对街上的人造成危险。修饰后文名词measures应用形容词effective，作定语。故填effective。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：成千上万失去家园的人离开城市去寻找避难所。句中left为谓语动词，设空处look在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，且表目的，故用不定式作目的状语。故填to look。 8．考查定语从句。句意：有些人只裹着毯子，拿着他们从火中抢救出来的剩余财物。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词belongings，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。 9．考查名词。句意：令每个人惊讶的是，这场灾难激发了每个幸存者的最佳状态。设空处使用名词作宾语，此处表示“幸存者”用survivor，根据前文的every可知，此处应使用单数。故填survivor。 10．考查介词。句意：在旧金山的历史上，从来没有像这个灾难的夜晚人们如此善良。结合句意表示“在这个……的夜晚”可知短语为on this night。故填on。 Passage 2 （24-25高一上·广东·期末） Super typhoon Meranti almost washed away the historical bridges in Taishun county, Zhejiang Province, in 2016. The community took immediate 11 (measure) to restore them using the original components and 12 (tradition) construction techniques. China’s swift restorations of historical sites have won global praise for setting 13 example in overcoming climate change. Chinese government attaches great importance to 14 (preserve) relics in extreme weather. Every year before flood season, the National Cultural Heritage Administration 15 (issue) notices on strengthening the safety of cultural heritage, and then provinces and cities react, forming a comprehensive (全面的) system to prepare for natural challenges. In 2012, the China World Cultural Heritage Monitoring Center 16 (establish). Now it is responsible for monitoring World Cultural Heritage sites in China. China’s heritage monitoring not only classifies types of disasters but also, 17 (base) on data, summarizes the timing of extreme weather events and potential disasters each, providing a basis for heritage managers to prevent disasters. Foreign experts spoke 18 (high) of China’s efforts. Andrew Potts, a specialist in this area from the United States, hopes Chinese experts can take part 19 more discussions and contribute to a rule 20 will be issued during the 30th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30) in Brazil. 【答案】11．measures 12．traditional 13．an 14．preserving 15．issues 16．was established 17．based 18．highly 19．in 20．that/which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国对灾难后历史遗迹的修复工作所做的努力。 11．考查名词复数。句意：社区立即采取措施，利用原有构件和传统建筑技术对其进行修复。提示词measure是可数名词，此处可以构成短语take measures to do sth.，语义是“采取措施做某事”。故填measures。 12．考查形容词。句意：社区立即采取措施，利用原有构件和传统建筑技术对其进行修复。空处修饰名词techniques，所以用形容词形式traditional，意为“传统的”。故填traditional。 13．考查冠词。句意：中国对历史遗迹的迅速修复赢得了全球的赞誉，为应对气候变化树立了榜样。空格后example是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且example以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。set an example语义是“树立榜样”。 故填an。 14．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国政府非常重视极端天气下的文物保护工作。attach importance to为固定短语，语义是“重视”。空处作介词to的宾语，应用动名词形式preserving。故填preserving。 15．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每年汛期前，国家文物局发布关于加强文物安全的通知，然后各省市作出反应，形成一个全面的系统来应对自然挑战。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语Every year before flood season可知，此处时态是一般现在时，主语the National Cultural Heritage Administration与提示词是主动关系，且主语为单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数issues。故填issues。 16．考查时态和语态。句意：2012年，中国世界文化遗产监测中心成立。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语In 2012可知此处用一般过去时。再根据主语the China World Cultural Heritage Monitoring Center与提示词establish之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，be动词用was。故填was established。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的遗产监测不仅对灾害类型进行分类，而且根据数据总结出每种极端天气事件和潜在灾害的发生时间，为遗产管理者提供预防灾害的依据。句子谓语动词为classifies和summarizes，空处是非谓语动词，提示词与逻辑主语China’s heritage monitoring是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填based。 18．考查副词。句意：外国专家对中国的努力给予高度评价。空处修饰动词“spoke”，所以用副词形式highly。固定短语speak highly of语义是“高度评价”。 故填highly。 19．考查介词。句意：来自美国的该领域专家Andrew Potts希望中国专家能够更多地参与讨论，并为在巴西举行的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第30届缔约方会议上发布的一项规则做出贡献。take part in语义是“参加”。 故填in。 20．考查定语从句。句意：来自美国的该领域专家Andrew Potts希望中国专家能够更多地参与讨论，并为在巴西举行的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第30届缔约方会议上发布的一项规则做出贡献。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a rule，指物，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 Passage 3 （24-25高一上·湖北十堰·期末） Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden release (释放) of energy within the Earth’s crust, causing it to shake. This 21 (usual) happens because the large pieces of the Earth’s surface, called plates, move. Knowing about earthquakes is important because we can stay safe and prepare 22 them. Scientists study earthquakes and use special tools 23 can detect (检测) and measure these shakes. Knowing the patterns (模式) 24 strength of the shakes, scientists can learn where and how strong the earthquakes are. One important thing scientists look for is fault lines (断层线). These are cracks in the Earth where earthquakes are more likely 25 (happen). For example, the Sichuan Province in China has many earthquakes because it is near big fault lines. By 26 (study) these areas, scientists can understand more about earthquakes and how to reduce the damage they cause. Education and being ready are also very important. 27 (school) and communities often practice what to do when an earthquake happens. This 28 (include) taking cover under strong furniture and holding on until the shaking stops. In a word, earthquakes are a major natural event that we need to understand better. Study earthquakes, and we can improve 29 (we) ability to know what time they will happen and keep people safe during these 30 (power) events. 【答案】21．usually 22．for 23．that/which 24．and 25．to happen 26．studying 27．Schools 28．includes 29．our 30．Powerful 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震的发生原因、科学家如何研究地震、断层线与地震的关系，以及教育和准备在应对地震中的重要性。 21．考查副词。句意：这通常是因为地球表面的大块区域，即板块，在移动。修饰动词happens，需用副词usually作状语。故填usually。 22．考查介词。句意：了解地震很重要，因为这样我们可以保持安全并做好应对准备。prepare for为固定搭配，意为“为……做准备”。故填for。 23．考查定语从句。句意：科学家们研究地震，并使用特殊工具来检测和测量这些震动。空处引导定语从句，先行词special tools，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 24．考查连词。句意：通过了解震动的模式和强度，科学家们可以判断出地震发生的位置以及震级大小。空处连接两个并列的名词“patterns”和“strength”。故填and。 25．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些是地球上的裂缝，地震更有可能在这些地方发生。be likely to do sth为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”。故填to happen。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过研究这些区域，科学家们可以更深入地了解地震，以及如何减少地震所造成的损害。空处作介词by的宾语，需用动名词形式。故填studying。 27．考查名词。句意：学校和社区经常会练习在地震发生时应该怎么做。空处和communities并列，需填名词复数形式schools，作主语。故填Schools。 28．考查动词时态。句意：这包括躲在坚固的家具下面，并紧紧抓住，直到震动停止。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语This为单数，所以谓语动词也用单数形式。故填includes。 29．考查代词。句意：研究地震，我们可以提高预测它们发生时间的能力，并在这些强大事件发生时确保人们的安全。此空需要填入一个形容词性物主代词，修饰名词ability。故填our。 30．考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词events需用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。 Passage 4 （24-25高一上·江西宜春·阶段练习） The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) 31 (form) in 2001 and is now made up of several hundred rescue workers and about 20 police dogs. The team brings help and hope to those 32 lives are changed by a storm, flood, earthquake, or any other natural disasters. The team went on 33 (it) first international rescue tasks in 2003 when the Chinese team helped save lives after earthquakes in Algeria and Iran. It was the first time that a Chinese team had worked outside China and won high praise for 34 (brave) and skill. Rescue workers are trained to find people, treat wounds, and hand 35 food, water, and other supplies. They have to be able to do work that is difficult in dangerous 36 (situation). After a disaster, there is usually no electricity or water, and there may be diseases and other dangers. Rescue workers get to save lives, but they must also bury the 37 (die). That means they have to be strong in 38 body and mind. Rescue workers must have big hearts, too. It takes a lot of love and courage 39 (risk) one’s own life to save someone else’s. The members of the CISAR have plenty of both and 40 (be) always ready to go wherever help is needed. 【答案】 31．was formed 32．whose 33．its 34．bravery 35．out 36．situations 37．dead 38．both 39．to risk 40．Are 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国国际救援队的情况，主要包括其成立时间、人员组成、执行的任务、成员的技能和素质等信息。 31．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：中国国际救援队（CISAR）成立于2001年，目前由数百名救援人员和约20只警犬组成。空处作句子的谓语，根据“in 2001”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，form“建立”和主语The China International Search and Rescue Team之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数名词，be动词应用was。故填was formed。 32．考查定语从句。句意：该团队为那些生活因风暴、洪水、地震或其他自然灾害而改变的人们带来帮助和希望。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和lives之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 33．考查代词。句意：2003年，中国救援队首次执行国际救援任务，在阿尔及利亚和伊朗地震后帮助拯救生命。空处修饰rescue tasks，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 34．考查名词。句意：这是中国团队第一次在国外工作，并因其勇敢和技巧赢得了高度赞扬。空处作for的宾语，应用brave的名词形式bravery，意为“勇敢”，是不可数名词。故填bravery。 35．考查动词短语。句意：救援人员接受过搜救、治疗伤口、分发食物、水和其他物资的训练。结合“food, water, and other supplies”可推知，此处指“分发食物、水和其他物资”，应用动词短语hand out表示“分发”。故填out。 36．考查名词的数。句意：他们必须能够在危险的情况下完成困难的工作。空处作in的宾语，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词situation“情况”应用复数形式。故填situations。 37．考查形容词。句意：救援人员可以拯救生命，但他们也必须埋葬死者。空处和the搭配，作bury的宾语，应用die的形容词形式dead，构成“the+形容词”的结构，表示一类人，指“死者”。故填dead。 38．考查固定结构。句意：这意味着他们必须在身体和精神上都很强大。根据“body and mind”可知，此处用固定结构both… and…表示“……和……（两者都）”。故填both。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：冒着生命危险去救别人需要很大的爱和勇气。根据“It takes a lot of love and courage”可知，此处用固定句型it takes sth. to do sth.表示“花费某物做某事”，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，空处应用risk“冒……的风险”的不定式形式。故填to risk。 40．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这些都是CISAR成员所拥有的，他们随时准备去任何需要帮助的地方。空处作句子的谓语，结合“have”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语The members是复数名词，be动词应用are。故填are。 Passage 5 Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. 41 no light outside, it felt like midnight. The news on TV 42 (report) that a heavy rain was in the area. Everyone in the neighbor was busy. Ben’s dad was putting 43 (piece) of wood over the windows 44 his mom was making sure that the flashlight and radio were working. She also put some candles and matches on the table. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat 45 (heavy) against the windows. After dinner, they tried 46 (play) a card game, but it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. Ben couldn’t sleep at 47 (one). He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. When he woke up, the sun rose. He went outside with his family and found the neighborhood in 48 mess. Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish 49 (be) everywhere. They join the neighbors to help clean up the neighborhood together. Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors 50 (close) together. 【答案】41．With 42．reported 43．pieces 44．while 45．heavily 46．to play 47．first 48．a 49．were 50．Closer 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ben所在地区遭遇暴风雨的前后经过，包括暴风雨来临前人们的准备、暴风雨来临时的情景以及暴风雨过后的景象和人们的行动。 41．考查介词。句意：因为外面没有灯光，感觉像是午夜。根据句意，表示“由于，因为”，用介词with构成介词短语作原因状语；句首单词首字母大写。故填With。 42．考查时态。句意：电视上的新闻报道说该地区正在下大雨。report(报道)是谓语动词，与主语The news之间是主动关系，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时态。故填reported。 43．考查名词复数。句意：Ben的爸爸正在窗户上钉木板，与此同时他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机都能用。可数名词piece作宾语，结合语境和空后“wood over the windows”可知，覆盖窗户的木板不止一片，应用其复数形式。故填pieces。 44．考查连词。句意：Ben的爸爸正在窗户上钉木板，与此同时他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机都能用。空格前后是两个分句，结合句意可知，两个分句之间是并列关系，表示“Ben的爸爸在做……，同时他的妈妈在做……”，用连词while连接两个句子，表示“与……同时”。故填while。 45．考查副词。句意：当雨开始猛烈地打在窗户上时，Ben正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。提示词修饰动词beat，用副词heavily作状语，意为“猛烈地”。故填heavily。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：晚饭后，他们试着玩纸牌游戏，但外面正下着暴风雨，很难玩得开心。try to do sth.是固定短语，意为“试图做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语。故填to play。 47．考查序数词。句意：Ben一开始睡不着。at first是固定短语，意为“起初，一开始”。故填first。 48．考查冠词。句意：他和家人走到外面，发现邻居家一片狼藉。in a mess是固定短语，意为“乱七八糟，一片狼藉”。故填a。 49．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：倒下的树、破碎的窗户和垃圾随处可见。系动词be作谓语，结合语境可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态，主语Fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were。 50．考查比较级。句意：虽然暴风雨使许多东西分裂，但它使家庭和邻居更加紧密地团结在一起。结合语境和空后together可知，句中暗含比较级含义，表示“更紧密地团结在一起”，所以应用副词close的比较级closer。故填closer。 Passage 6 A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan 51 July 28, 1976, in which thousands of people died and many injured. People were greatly 52 (shock) because nearly all the buildings 53 (fall) down and the whole city lay in 54 (ruin). All the electricity was cut off and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last. It seemed as 55 the world were coming to an end. The people of Tangshan didn’t lose hope because 150,000 soldiers were sent to Tangshan. The soldiers tried their best 56 (dig) out those who were trapped. They also built shelters for the 57 (survive). Water and food were taken to the city by every means. 58 (slow), the city began to come back to life. It was said that before the earthquake, strange things happened in the countryside. The water in the village wells 59 (rise) and fell. Fish jumped out of the ponds. Strange noises 60 (hear) in the sky, but people thought little of them. 【答案】51．on 52．shocked 53．fell 54．ruins 55．if/though 56．to dig 57．survivors 58．Slowly 59．rose 60．were heard 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1976年唐山大地震的情况，包括地震造成的破坏、救援行动以及地震前的一些奇怪现象。 51．考查介词。句意：1976年7月28日，一场可怕的地震袭击了唐山市，造成数千人死亡，许多人受伤。表示具体某一天，其前需用介词on。故填on。 52．考查形容词。句意：人们非常震惊，因为几乎所有的建筑都倒塌了，整个城市成了一片废墟。be动词后需接形容词作表语，说明人的心理状态的-ed形容词shocked意为“感到震惊的”，说明主语People的心理状态情况。故填shocked。 53．考查动词时态。句意：人们非常震惊，因为几乎所有的建筑都倒塌了，整个城市成了一片废墟。空处作谓语，根据were可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填fell。 54．考查名词。句意：人们非常震惊，因为几乎所有的建筑都倒塌了，整个城市成了一片废墟。in ruins为固定短语，意为“成为废墟”。故填ruins。 55．考查固定短语。句意：似乎世界末日就要到了。as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，是固定短语，引导方式状语从句。故填if/though。 56．考查非谓语动词。句意：士兵们尽力挖出那些被困的人。try one’s best to do sth.为固定短语，意为“尽力做某事”。故填to dig。 57．考查名词。句意：他们还为幸存者建造了避难所。空处作介词for的宾语，需填名词survivor，意为“幸存者”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，不止一个，需用复数形式。故填survivors。 58．考查副词。句意：慢慢地，这座城市开始恢复生机。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词slowly，意为“慢慢地”，作状语，首字母大写。故填Slowly。 59．考查动词时态。句意：村子里的井水涨落。空处与谓语fell并列，作谓语，描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填rose。 60．考查动词时态和语态。句意：天空中传来奇怪的声音，但人们并没有太在意。空处缺少谓语，根据“thought”可知，描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，主语noises和hear之间为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were heard。 ( 16 / 16 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$