必修第三册 课时冲关10 Unit 2 Natural disasters（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

高考总复习英语(YL) 课时冲关10 Unit 2 Na I.阅读理解A主题语境：人与自然 Survival is every living being's basic in- stinct.Animals,you may have noticed,know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food,water, and decent habitat.Humans too had the same survival instincts and the ability to care for them- selves and their kind. With the development of the society,we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our lifes- tyle,but unfortunately,with this cozy life,we have lost touch with our basic instincts.We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away,we do not know how to make do without them.We instantly begin to panic and fail to think logically. Man is the most intelligent of nature's crea- tion.Our achievements in every field are a dis- tinct example of that.Then why is it that we be- come so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator?If you do not agree with me,then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in. What is the cause of it？A virus outbreak'？No. It's the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abilities to get through it safe- ly.We are looking at our governments for help. Why in such urgent circumstances are we still be- ing needy and dependent?We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves,pull through this and protect our loved ones;more and in a better way than any government ever could.All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end,and only then will you be able to survive. Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through,step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself.It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster, man-made or natural,on your own,with the right kind of advance preparation.It talks about disaster management at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later.It is a survival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a dis- aster strikes. L.What does the underlined word“creator”in Paragraph3 refer to？ A.Nature. B.Achievement. C.Mankind. D.Government. ·3 tural disasters 学生课时P306 裁：议论文 话题：恢复自我生存能力 2.What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters? A.Be equipped with multiple skills. B.Be appreciative of human's creations. C.Be calm and dependent on our capabilities. D.Be faithful about the help from govern ments. 3.What might the writer agree with? A.A full preparation can help you survive the disasters. B.Animals are better survivors than humans in disasters. C.A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking. D.Modernization is to blame for the panic we are in. 4.What might Frank Marshall be? A.A noted psychologist. B.A retired soldier. C.A film review writer. D.A magazine publisher. [语篇解读]这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人类 在面对灾难时，由于过度依赖现代文明而失去了 基本的生存本能。文章通过提出问题和分析问 题，呼吁人们恢复自我生存能力，并通过Frank Marshall的《终极生存守则》来指导人们如何在灾 难面前自救。 l.C[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the..·.？(那么，为什么我们会变得 如此依赖我们的创造物，以至于我们开始比创 造者更信任…呢？)”可知这里的“creator”指 的是创造这些人类的发明或成果的主体。因此 “creator”最可能指的是“Mankind”,即人类 自身。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We are well equipped with skills to look after our- selves,pull through this and protect our loved ones;more and in a better way than any gov- ernment ever could..(我们具备了照顾自己、度 过难关和保护亲人的技能；比任何政府都更多、 更好。)”以及第四段中的“All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end,and only then will you be able to survive.(我们所需要做的就是为最坏的 情况做好准备，就像世界即将结束一样，只有这 样你才能生存下来。)”可以看出，作者建议我们 在灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好 充分的准备。] 3.A[推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的 "Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through,step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself.It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster,man-made or natural,on your own, with the right kind of advance preparation. 兰克·马歇尔的《终极生存法则》将一步步引导 你，帮助你恢复对自己失去的信心。它将指导 你应该做什么来独自生存任何灾难，无论是人 为的还是自然的，有了正确的预先准备。)”可以 看出，作者可能会同意“A full preparation can 阅读理解B主题语境：人与自然体裁： July was the hottest month on record global- ly.High temperatures and serious wildfires have swept across the Northern Hemisphere.Oceanic heat waves are damaging the world's third-largest coral reef off Florida.And as the levels of green- house gases continue to increase,it means many even hotter summers lie ahead. Last week,the United Nations Secretary- General Antonio Guterres coined a new term. The time of“global warming”has ended,hean nounced,and the time of "global boiling"has ar- rived. But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase.At one level,"global boiling"is clearly an overstatement,but“global warming”is now far too weak a description.Many climate scien- tists have pushed for the term "global heating"to be used in preference.Similarly,phrases such as "climate crisis"haven't received enough atten- tion.That's because many of us still feel we haven't seen this crisis with our own eyes. But that is changing.In the past few years, extreme weather and relevant events have struck many countries.Australia's Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom.Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021.The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country.China has seen both droughts and floods.Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years.India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain. Critics of climate action often complain about what they see as the overuse of "crisis talk".If everything is a crisis,nothing is a crisis. When Guterres uses deeply impactful phra- ses,he's not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood- style disaster.What he's hoping is to make peo- ple listen and act-now we can see what climate change looks like. ·31 基础必备必修第三册 help you survive the disasters..(充分的准备可 以帮助你度过灾难。)”。] 4.B[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Itis a survival guide based on the real-life experi- ences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes. (这是一本基于一个军人的真实生活经验的生 存指南，旨在教你当灾难发生时的基本生存方 法。)”可以推断出，Frank Marshall可能是一位 退休的士兵，因为他有军队背景并且分享了基 于军队经验的生存技巧。] 新闻报道 话题：“全球沸腾” Are there better phrases to describe this? Possibly.Take the challenge yourself:can you think up a brief,correct phrase to cover worse- ning local-and-regional-scale droughts,fires,ty- phoons and floods;damage to crops and food safety;water shortages;existential threats to coral reefs and low-lying communities?You can see how hard it is. 5.What does the underlined word“coined”in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Explained. B.Invented. C.Valued. D.Accepted. 6.What do critics think of the term "global boil- ing”？ A.It is overused. B.It is exaggerated. C.It is lacking in enough attention. D.It is too weak to describe the problem. 7.What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A.Climate crises are worsening. B.Several crises will be solved. C.People will face food shortages. D.People are taking effective measures. 8.What is Guterres's hope in using deeply im- pactful phrases？ A.To scare people into taking immediate ac- tion. B.To entertain readers with Hollywood-style stories. C.To provide a more accurate description of global warming. D.To make people aware of the severity of the climate crisis. 语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述， 随着气候变化，“全球沸腾”的时代到来了。 5.B[词义猜测题。由文章第二段“Last week, the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres coined a new term.The time of 'global warming'has ended,he announced, 高考总复习英语(YL) and the time of'global boiling'has arrived. 周，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯coined 一个新术语。他宣布，‘全球变暖’的时代已经 结束，‘全球沸腾’的时代到来了。)”可知，这里 应指安东尼奥·古特雷斯“创造”出一个新术 语。所以猜测coined表“创造”的意思。] 6.B[推理判断题。由文章第三段“But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase.At one level,global boiling'is clearly an overst- atement,but'global warming'is now far too weak a description.(但批评者强烈反对这个说 法。在某种程度上，‘全球沸腾’显然是夸大其 词，但“全球变暖”现在还远远不足以形容。)”可 知，批评者认为用“全球沸腾”一词把实际情况 夸大了。] 7.A[推理判断题。由文章第四段“But that is changing.In the past few years,extreme weather and relevant events have struck many countries.Australia's Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom.Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021.The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country.China has Ⅱ.完形填空主题语境：人与自然体裁：记叙文 Lucky,a black-and-white Boston Bull Terri- er,had been owned by a man,Fred,who had a mental disorder that required him to take medi- cine.This 1 made him sleep quite deeply,so Fred only took it at bedtime.Lucky 2 by his side. One night,Fred 3 his medicine,went to bed and fell asleep.The house wiring shorted and caught the house on 4.Being under the medicine's power,Fred just 5 to sleep. Lucky barked and barked,but Fred didn't 6 him.Lucky wasn't a trained aid dog but just a special animal that 7 what to do. When Lucky realized Fred wasn't 8 up, he jumped into the middle of his chest and started licking his face.Fred finally woke up and 9 the house was on fire.He crawled out of the bed- room window. Once outside,Fred realized he had 10 his dog.He reached through the 11 and grabbed Lucky,pulling him to safety.After the fire, Fred had to move into an apartment where he couldn't have 12.So he placed Lucky with a friend of his with the intention that a good home should be 13 for him. My son and I saw an ad in the paper for a good home offering Lucky for 14,and called.We brought him home.We've 15 him for two years now,and he is four years old. Lucky inhaled(吸入)so much smoke the night of the fire that his bark will never be normal again. He sounds terrible,but he has the spirit of a lion. ·31 seen both droughts and floods.Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years.India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain.(但这种情况正在改 变。在过去几年中，极端天气和相关事件袭击 了许多国家。澳大利亚的黑夏带来了野火，烧 毁了相当于英国大小的地区。2021年，德国遭 遇严重洪灾。2022年巴基斯坦的洪水淹没了该 国大部分地区。中国经历了旱灾和水灾。多年 来，可怕的干旱袭击了非洲之角。由于暴雨造 成的损失，印度已经停止了大米出口。)”可知， 气候危机正在恶化。] 8.D[细节理解题。由文章第六段“When Gu terres uses deeply impactful phrases,he's not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood-style disas- ter.What he's hoping is to make people listen and act-now we can see what climate change looks1ike.(当古特雷斯使用极具影响力的短语 时，他并不是在邀请我们想象一场好菜坞式的 灾难。他希望的是让人们倾听并采取行动 现在我们可以看到气候变化是什么样子了。)” 可知，古特雷斯希望使用极具影响力的短语，让 人们意识到气候危机的严重性。] 话题：在大火中救出主人的猎犬 1.A.illness B.medicine C.condition D.request 2.A.passed B.shouted C.worked D.slept 3.A.took B.lost C.tested D.ignored 4.A.fire B.sale C.time D.show 5.A.began B.stopped C.continued D.refused 6.A.feed B.like C.hear D.bear 7.A.admitted B.knew C.asked D.taught 8.A.giving B.waking C.looking D.opening 9.A.realized B.believed C.proved D.informed 10.A.aimed at B.thought of C.left behind D.brought up 11.A.wall B.door C.sheet D.window 12.A.kids B.pets C.friends D.noises 13.A.kept B.built C.decorated D.found 14.A.cure B.protection C.permission D.adoption 15.A.raised B.missed C.trained D.appreciated 2 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一只波 士顿公牛猎犬Lucky在大火中救出了主人弗雷 德，当弗雷德不能抚养他的时候，作者把他领养回 家，尽管他的吠叫因为吸入太多的烟变得不再正 常，但是他有狮子般的精神。 1.B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种药物让他 睡得很沉，因此弗雷德只在睡觉的时候服用。 A.illness疾病；B.medicine药物；C.condition 条件；D.request请求。根据上文“Fred,who had a mental disorder that required him to take medicine.”可知，弗雷德需要服用药物治疗精神 紊乱。因此推断这种药物让他睡得很沉。」 2.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lucky睡在他 的旁边。A.passed通过；B.shouted呼喊； C.worked工作；D.slept睡觉。根据上文“sleep quite deeply'”可知，波士顿公牛猎犬Lucky睡在 他身边。] 3.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，弗雷 德服用了他的药，上床睡着了。A.took吃；喝； 服（药）；B.lost失去；C.tested考验；D.ignored 忽视。根据上文“This 1 made him sleep quite deeply,so Fred only took it at bedtime. 可知，弗雷德服药后上床睡觉了。] 4.A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：房子的电线短 路了，房子着火了。A.fire火；B.sale销售； C.time时间；D.show展览。根据上文“The house wiring shorted”可知，电线短路，点着了房 子。on fire“着火”。] 5.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在药物的作用 下，弗雷德继续睡觉。A.began开始；B.sto pped停止；C.continued继续；D.refused拒绝。 根据上文“Being under the medicine's power'” 可知，由于药物作用，房子着火后，弗雷德没有 醒来，而是继续睡。] 6.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lucky一直吠 叫，但是弗雷德听不见。A.feed喂养；B.like喜 欢；C.hear听见；D.bear忍受。由下文“Fred fi- nally woke up”可知，尽管Lucky一直叫，但是 弗雷德没有听见。] 7.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lucky不是一 只训练有素的援助犬，但却是一个知道做什么 的特殊动物。A.admitted承认；B.knew知道； C.asked问，请；D.taught教。根据上文“Lucky wasn't a trained aid dog but just a special ani- mal”可知，Lucky不是一只救援犬，但是知道做 什么。] 8.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Lucky意识 到弗雷德不能醒来时，就跳到他的胸口上，开始 舔他的脸。A.giving给；B.waking唤醒，醒； ·31 基础必备必修第三册 C.looking看；D.opening打开。根据下文“Fred finally woke up”可知，Lucky意识到Fred不 能醒来。] 9.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗雷德终于醒 了，意识到房子着火了。A.realized意识到；B. believed相信；C.proved证明；D.informed告 知。根据前半句可知，弗雷德最终醒来，因此意 识到了房子着火了。] 10.C[考查动词短语辨析。句意：到了外面，弗 雷德意识到他把狗留下了。A.aimed at针对； 目的在于；B.thought of想出；C.left behind 留下，遗留；D.brought up教育，培养。根据下 文“He reached through the 11 and grabbed Lucky,pulling him to safety.”可知， 弗雷德从房子里救出他的狗，因此他把狗遗留 在了房子里。] 11.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从窗户伸手 抓住Lucky,把他拉到安全的地方。A.wall 墙；B.door门；C.sheet纸，被单；D.window 窗户。根据上文“He crawled out of the bed room window.”可知，弗雷德从窗子里爬了出 来，因此他通过窗子伸手进去救出了Lucky。] 12.B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：火灾后，弗雷 德不得不搬进一套他不能养宠物的公寓。 A.kids孩子；B.pets宠物；C.friends朋友； D.noises噪音。根据下文“So he placed Lucky with a friend of his”可知，弗雷德搬去的公寓 不能养宠物。] 13.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他把 Lucky寄托在他的一个朋友身上，目的是为他 找到一个好的家庭。A.kept保持；B.built建 立；C.decorated装饰；D.found找到。根据上 文“a good home'”可推断，弗雷德想要给Lucky 找一个好的家庭。] 14.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我儿子和我在 报纸上看到一个广告，寻找一个好的家庭收养 Lucky,于是打了电话。A.cure治愈；B.pro tection保护，C.permission允许；D.adoption 收养。根据上文“So he placed Lucky with a friend of his with the intention that a good home should be 13_for him.”可知，弗雷 德想要给Lucky找一个好家庭，因此推断广告 是为了找一个好家庭收养Lucky。] 15.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我们已经 养了他两年。A.raised抚养，养育；B.missed 错过，想念；C.trained训练；D.appreciated感 激，欣赏。根据上文“We brought him home.”可 知，我们收养了Lucky,已经养了两年。 3 高考总复习英语(YL) Ⅲ.语法填空主题语境：人与自然体裁：新闻报道 The 6.2-magnitude earthquake 1. (strike)an ethnic county lying in Northwest China's Gansu Province midnight Monday,cau- sing death,2. (destroy)and panic.As of 10 am Tuesday,a total of 105 3. (confirm)dead in Gansu and 11 in the neighbour- ing Qinghai Province,with hundreds injured. Due to high altitude,cold weather and com- plex geological conditions,Jishishan County is prone(易于)to natural disasters,such as earth- quakes.Since 1900,the area within a radius of 100 km from the epicenter 4. (record) seven earthquakes above 5 magnitude. Fortunately,joint effort has been made 5. provide)assistance to them and to re- store normality to the region as quickly as possi- ble.The provincial fire and rescue department has sent 580 rescuers 6. (aid)with 88 fire engines,12 search and rescue dogs,more than 10,000 sets of equipment to the disaster area.Relief efforts have been underway,7. the pro- vincial authorities sending emergency rations and tents to the affected areas.The railway authority has suspended passenger and cargo trains 8. (pass)through the quake zone and ordered a safety check of railway tracks.In Dahejia township,9. the temperature plummeted to 16 degrees Celsius below zero, over 140 medical staff at a local hospital were busy treating the injured people.According to first-person 10. (account),the loved ones of many of these patients are untraceable in the aftermath of the earthquake. [语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报 道了甘肃省发生的6.2级地震的情况。 1.struck[考查名词。句意：周一午夜，中国西北 部甘肃省一个少数民族县发生6.2级地震，造 成人员死亡、破坏和恐慌。空处为句子谓语；根 据时间状语“midnight Monday”可知，句子是描 述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。] 2.destruction[考查名词。句意同上。空处和名 词“death”以及“panic”并列作动词causing的宾 语，故填名词形式destruction,destruction是不 可数名词。] ·31 话题：甘肃的6,2级地震 3.were confirmed[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。 句意：截至周二上午10点，甘肃省共确认105 人死亡，青海省11人死亡，数百人受伤。主语 “a total of105”和动词confirm之间是被动关 系，结合时间状语“As of 10 am Tuesday”可知， 句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时 的被动语态，主语表示复数意义。] 4.has recorded[考查时态和主谓一致。句意： 自1900年以来，距离震中100公里以内的地区 发生了7次5级以上的地震。根据时间状语 “Since 1900”可知句子用现在完成时，主语“area”是 名词单数。] 5.to provide[考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的 是，已作出共同努力向他们提供援助，并尽快恢 复该地区的正常状态。结合句意可知，此处表 示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。] 6.aided[考查非谓语动词。句意：省消防和救援 部门已派出580名救援人员，88辆消防车，12 只搜救犬，1万多套设备前往灾区。句中已有谓 语动词has sent,空处应填非谓语动词；动词aid 和逻辑主语rescuers之间为被动关系，应用过 去分词；be aided with“在…的辅助下，在… 帮助下”是固定短语。] 7.with[考查介词。句意：救援工作正在进行 中，省政府向受灾地区运送了紧急口粮和帐篷。 此处是with的复合结构“with十宾语十宾补”， 在句中作状语。] 8.passing[考查非谓语动词。句意：铁路局暂停 了通过震区的客运和货运列车，并下令对铁路 轨道进行安全检查。动词pass和“cargo trains” 之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。] 9.where[考查定语从句。句意：在大河家镇，气 温骤降至零下16摄氏度，当地医院的140多名 医务人员正忙着治疗伤者。分析句子可知，空 处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Dahejia township”,关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用 关系副词where引导。] l0.accounts[考查名词复数。句意：根据亲历者 的描述，在地震之后，许多病人的亲人无法找 到。account“描述，叙述”，可数名词，此处应用 复数形式表示泛指。]