专题01 必修三Units 1～2（期末复习讲义）高一英语下学期译林版

专题01 必修三Units 1~2(期末复习讲义) 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点：复习与环境保护，自然灾害防范主题相关的重点词汇、短语的能力，更好地运用这些语言知识。 复习难点: 在阅读过程中归纳段落大意、分析长难句、猜测词义等; 总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重 harm, vary, survive,injure在具体语境中的选择，以及 call, come的搭配。 句型转换/翻译：常涉及There is no harm, 省略和状语从句的句型转换。 知识点1 harm n. & vt.伤害，损害 (1) harm sb./sth.=do harm to sb./sth.=do sb./sth.harm对某人/物造成损害,损害某人/物 There is no harm in doing...做……无害处。 (2) harmful adj.有害的,导致损害的 be harmful to... 对……有害 (3) harmless adj.无害的 Sometimes there is no harm in putting off a piece of work until another day. 有时把一项工作推迟到另一天做并没有什么害处。 This object gives off harmful gases, which may do harm to/be harmful to our health.You’d better make the object harmless before you use it.这个物体会释放有害的气体,这种气体有害于我们的健康。在你用之前最好让它变得无害。 harm 作为名词的时候,是不可数名词,前面可以用no, great, much 和a lot of 修饰。 例1. Thankfully, most of the bacteria on your body and in your home are (harm). 例2. Too much sunlight can be (harm) to your eyes if you don’t wear sunglasses. 例3. Exposure to TV violence will cause harm children’s mental health. 知识点2 variety n.不同种类,变化,多样性;变种,变体 With the development of economy, there are various/ a variety of/ varieties of/varied goods in stores, varying from daily groceries to luxury goods, which greatly enrich people’s life. In addition, the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.随着经济的发展,商店里的商品种类繁多,从日常用品到奢侈品,大大丰富了人们的生活。此外,货物的种类和数量也随季节而变化。 (1)a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the variety of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)variety 可用 wide、great、large等修饰。 例1. Students held (vary) opinions on the new policy, ranging from full support to complete rejection and anger. 知识点3 survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难 (1)survive on...　　以……为生 survive from... 从……时期留存下来 survive sb. by+时间段 比某人多活了多长时间 survive through熬过、挺过(艰难时期 / 寒冬等) (2)survival n.生存,幸存;幸存事物 (3)survivor n.幸存者 As a matter of fact, she survived her husband by five years.事实上，她比她丈夫多活了5年。 It was not easy for them to survive through the freezing winter without enough food.没有充足的食物，他们很难熬过这个严寒的冬天。 The little girl was the only survivor who survived the strong earthquake. She told the reporter that she had to survive on little food during the days when she was buried. I think her survival was a real wonder.这个小女孩是这场大地震的唯一幸存者,她告诉记者她在被掩埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。我想她的生还真的是一个奇迹。 survive表示“从地震/火灾/事故等中幸存下来”时是及物动词,应为survive the earthquake/fire/accident等。 1. If the explorer couldn’t find his way out of the jungle, there would be little chance of (survive). 知识点4 come up with 想出，想到 The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. 这位设计师说，他是在看到人们在俄罗斯街头被淋湿后想到这个主意的。 When walking down the street, I came across David who I hadn't seen for years.当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。 His new novel is scheduled to come out next month. 他的新小说预定下个月出版。 come up with为及物动词短语；come up为不及物动词短语。 As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.那个计划在会上一经提出，就引起了许多人的关注。 1. 这就是你们能想出来的最好的答案吗?(come up with) _____________________________________________________________ 知识点5 call for (公开)要求；需要 The public are calling for an end to air pollution. 公众呼吁结束空气污染。 Whenever I see the photo on the wall, I always call up scenes of my childhood. 每当我看到墙上的照片,总是想起我童年的情景。 I’m going to call on one of my former classmates. 我要去看望我的一位老同学。 例1． 所有这些坏影响都需要我们特别关注。(call for) ______________________________________________________________ 例2. This kind of work calls experience and patience. 知识点6 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 (1)injured 　　　adj.受伤的 the injured 伤员 get injured 受伤 (2)injury n.伤;伤口;伤害 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 Motorcyclists must wear helmets to protect themselves from injury. 骑摩托车的人必须佩戴头盔来保护自己免受伤害。 The driver failed to stop at the red light and injured a pedestrian crossing the street. 司机没有在红灯处停车，撞伤了一名正在过马路的行人。 The injured man was rushed to the hospital immediately. 那位受伤的男子立刻被紧急送往医院。 harm 多指给人的精神、身体等带来损害或引起不安、不便 injure 多指意外事故带来伤害、使受伤;还可指伤害名誉、自尊等 hurt 一般用词,可指伤害精神、肉体、感情等,还可表示身体部位的“疼、痛” wound 多指在战争、搏斗中用武器伤害身体某部位 例1. Fortunately, there were no serious (injure) in the car accident. 例2. The (injure) passengers were rushed to the hospital. 3. There is much chance that Bill will recover from his (injure) in time for the race. 知识点7 occur vi. 发生,出现;存在于 It suddenly occurred to him that he should apologize to his friend for his rude behaviour. 他突然想到他应该为自己的粗鲁行为向朋友道歉。 A sudden thought occurred to me while I was waiting for the bus.​我等公交车的时候突然想到了一个主意。 No matter how hard we tried to improve the situation, complaints seemed to be an everyday occurrence. 无论我们多么努力去改善现状，抱怨似乎都成了日常司空见惯的事。 表示“某人突然想到……”的常用句型还有：it strikes sb that...；it hits sb that...等。 •occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为 occurring。 •occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时；作谓语时，主语不能是人。 例1. I suddenly remembered that I didn’t lock the classroom before I left. → ____________________________(It occurs to sb. that) 例2. After listening to the explanation, it suddenly (occur) to him that he had misunderstood the concept all along. 知识点8 relief n. 宽慰,轻松,减轻,消除;救济 (1)to one’s relief　　令某人宽慰的是 in relief 如释重负,松了口气 (2)relieve vt.解除;减轻 relieve sb. of sth. 帮助……减轻;替……拿重物 (3)relieved adj.感到宽慰的;放心的 Meditation can relieve stress — for you and for your pet. 冥想可以缓解压力——对你和你的宠物都是。情态Much to our relief, Jenny’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared. 令我们大为宽慰的是，珍妮的病情证明不像我们之前担心的那么严重。 It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about i能和别人谈论这件事，真是一种解脱。 The old man felt relieved when he knew his job was safe. 当老人知道他的工作安全时，他感到宽慰。 例1. It was a relief to hear that Marta was found safe and well.(变为感叹句) →________ it was to hear that Marta was found safe and well! 知识点9 scare vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕 n.恐慌;惊吓 (1)scare...away/off　　 把……吓跑 (2)be scared to death　　　 吓得要死 be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 (3)scary adj.引起恐慌的 She was scared of walking home alone in the fog, so she called a taxi. 她害怕在雾中独自走回家，所以她叫了一辆出租车。 “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’ re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. Ho说：“如果你对某件事感到害怕，并且只想着它，你就不可能学得进去。” The movie was so scary that it gave me goose bumps. 这部电影太恐怖了，让我起了鸡皮疙瘩。 例1. She was scared death of what might happen next. 例2. The prince felt (scare) when he heard the terrible noise outside. 例3. We were all scared death when we found a dead body floating in the pond where we were swimming. 例4. When the people present at the meeting heard the noise, they were nearly (scare) to death. 例5. I was (scare) to think that I had to stay in this (scare) building. 知识点10 supply n.补给品,补给;供应;供应量,储备vt.供应,供给,提供 (1)supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. =provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. =offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物 (2)supplies　 补给品[pl.] in short/limited supply 供应不足 supply/ provide/ offer 不一样的“提供” 区　别 搭　配 supply 通常指定期供应所需或所要求之物,含有连续不断地供给之意 supply sb./sth.with sth.=supply sth.to sb./sth. provide 表示仅仅是出于某种责任主动提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品 provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. offer 指“主动提供”帮助、服务或令人向往之物等 offer to do sth. offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. Plenty of food and daily supplies have been sent to the areas that were hit by the natural disaster. 大量的食物和日常用品已被送往遭受自然灾害影响的地区。 His father will supply him with travelling expenses. 他的父亲会为他提供旅行费用。 That shop has a large supply of shoes. 那家商店有大量的鞋。 The lounge was well supplied with water. 客厅里有充足的水供应。 例1. Make sure the construction workers are offered enough building materials. (supply) →Make sure the construction workers ____________________ enough building materials. 例2 The lounge was well supplied drinking water. 句型1 倍数关系句型 Our company has published twice as many books as we did last year. 我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。 The area of the province is less than one fourth the size of the whole country.  这个省的面积还不到全国的四分之一。 【易错提示】表示“两倍”时,用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词+times”来表达。句式中表示倍数也可用分数、百分数,half等其他程度状语。 例1： However, making a paper bag uses __________________ (四倍的能量) making a plastic bag and up to __________________ (用水量的三倍) . 例2： They found that human activity is causing species to die out ____________ (比正常快1000倍). 例3.And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar ________________ (两倍的可能性) to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. ( 句型2 be doing...when 正在做……突然 when 的常用句式 be doing sth.when...　正在做某事,这时突然…… be about to do sth.when...=be on the point of doing sth.when... 正要做某事,这时突然…… had just done...when... 刚做完……这时…… I was doing my homework when the telephone rang. 我正在做作业,这时电话响了。 I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang. 我刚做完试卷这时铃声就响了。 We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要开始,天就开始下雨了。 I ________________ with my three children ________________ water started filling my home. 当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 句型3 the moment...意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句。 “一……就……”的句型 ①no sooner...than... ②hardly/scarcely...when... ③the moment/the minute/the instant+从句 ④on+动名词/名词 ⑤instantly/directly/immediately As soon as he got back, he gave me a ring at once. /Instantly/Directly/Immediately he got back, he gave me a ring at once. /The moment/minute/instant he got back, he gave me a ring at once. /Hardly/No sooner had he got back when/than he gave me a ring at once.  他一回来就立即给我打了电话。 例1. 数学家在俯视草坪的窗边坐了下来，那一刻，他感到内心五味杂陈。(The moment)(汉译英) ____________________________________ ( 基础通关练 （测试时间： 10 分钟） ) 一.单句语法填空 1.As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of (extinct) becomes longer, we are left with a question. 2. The mall offers a wide (vary) of entertainment facilities. 3. It is advisable to settle down on Qianmen Street which is 800 meters in (long). 4. Although the two books are on similar topics, they are (entire) different in style and audience. 5. Many international organizations help people living in extreme (poor) in remote mountain areas. 6. The broadcasting system in Canada is famous and advanced, which serves (variety) purposes. 7. The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice (牺牲) environmental protection to promote (economy) growth. 8. The medicine he took provided immediate (relieve) from the pain that had troubled him for days. 9. Cutting down many trees has a (destroy) effect on the local ecosystem. 10. The summer heat in this city is almost (bear), forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime. 11. The (distant) between the two villages is about 10 kilometers. 12. Due to (curious), he squeezed himself into the crowd to see what had happened. 13. Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not (handle) properly, may lead to spreading diseases. 二、完成句子 1. The attendance this year is 6,000. Last year it was 2,000.  (改为倍数关系句式) 改写： ________________________________________________ 2. 他们正在搭帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨把他们吓坏了。(be doing...when...) They ________________a loud whistle frightened them. 3. He fell in love with you the moment he saw you. (1) ________. (用as soon as改写) (2) ________. (用以-ly结尾的连词改写) ( 重难突破练 （测试时间： 20 分钟） ) 一、阅读理解 Let’s look at some cost-saving ways to keep your garden watered during the hot months of summer. The Time of Watering The best time to water plants is in the morning. This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot. If you water later in the day, the water will just evaporate (蒸发) from the surface. If you water in the evening, the plants stay too wet overnight. The risk of mold, mildew and fungal diseases increases. The Ways of Watering If you water quickly every day, it does not help the roots, which can extend over 30 centimetres into the soil. Water the soil less often, but deeply. Be careful when watering very dry soil as the water will just run off without getting into the soil. Go slow and make sure the water is absorbing. Catch and Reuse Water One way to help keep costs low for watering is to use recycled water. Instead of pouring water out after boiling foods, keep it and reuse it to water plants. Just make sure the water does not have salt in it. Choose Native Plants Drought-resistant plants should not be overwatered when trying to keep thirstier plants watered. It is also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live. These plants tend to be resistant to drought. They just need regular watering their first two years. After that, they can live on just rainwater except for during times of extreme heat. Keep Moisture(水分) In Adding 5 to 8 centimetres of mulch (覆盖物) around the plants can reduce the evaporation of water and reduce weed growth. Make sure the soil is warm before adding the mulch. Create a 7-to-8-centimetre border away from the base of the plants. 1. Which suggestion best reflects the concept of water recycling? A. Keep Moisture In. B. The Time of Watering. C. Choose Native Plants. D. Catch and Reuse Water. 2. What is the biggest benefits of planting local plants? A. Reducing weed growth. B. Being watered freely. C. Tolerance to drought. D. Reducing fungal diseases. 3. Who is the most recommended reader for this article? A. Gardeners. B. Plant experts. C. Environmentalists. D. Landscape architects. 二、完形填空 In the morning, Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual. Nicole, his wife, was listening to music in the bedroom. 1 ， he felt that his body was shaking. Slim had the rapid response that there was an earthquake! He 2 quickly, “Dear, earthquake! Go to the toilet!” Nicole heard the shouting, took up the first aid box quickly and ran into the toilet. The house was 3 even more violently. The bathroom was the next door to the kitchen. Slim picked up a kitchen 4 and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen. Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole. However, it got 5 suddenly with an explosion. The house 6 down and many things fell from above. Nicole was quickly buried in 7 . She felt breathing very difficult. She tried to stand up, but 8 . A few minutes later, the land was silent. Nicole heard the sound of short 9 and thought it was Slim! She shouted to him but no 10 ! He probably fainted. Nicole kept saying his name and she finally heard a response. The two people encouraged and 11 each other. They knew that there must be a way to escape. Slim found that they were close and were 12 by the fallen stones and some powder. He started to dig with the kitchen knife. He felt 13 from his fingers. Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched one of Nicole’s hands, and then dug the 14 stones of her body. Finally, Nicole had a 15 breathing slowly. The two people sat on the ground and hugged together. 1. A. Suddenly B. Actually C. Unfortunately D. Really 2. A. warned B. frightened C. jumped D. shouted 3. A. burning B. shaking C. falling D. moving 4. A. tool B. cook C. fork D. knife 5. A. bright B. cloudy C. dark D. blank 6. A. lay B. crashed C. broke D. bent 7. A. ruins B. ashes C. dirt D. pieces 8. A. senseless B. impractical C. impossible D. invaluable 9. A. steps B. breath C. movements D. pauses 10. A. response B. sign C. hope D. result 11. A. touched B. held C. calmed D. called 12. A. wrapped B. separated C. fastened D. limited 13. A. pain B. cold C. water D. warmth 14. A. sticking B. dealing C. surrounding D. spreading 15. A. complete B. constant C. steady D. weak 三、语法填空 Passage 1 Xizang autonomous region adds another place to visit The Lhalu Wetland National Nature Reserve in Lhasa 1 (recognize) officially by the World Record Certification Agency (WRCA) recently as the world’s highest-altitude urban natural wetland, authorities announced on 20th Dec. 2025. In the heart of Lhasa lies the Lhalu wetland 2 houses boundless ecological treasures and boasts diverse wildlife. It covers 12.2 square kilometers at an average altitude of 3,649 meters above sea level. As the sun 3 (bathe) the Potala Palace in golden light every morning, it also sets the nearby Lhalu wetland shining, 4 the cold air giving way to the warmth of a new day. This ecological landmark, often 5 (refer) to as the “Lungs of Lhasa”, highlights China’s achievements in high-altitude environmental protection and 6 (serve) as a global model of sustainable conservation. Till now, the vegetation coverage of the Lhalu Wetland has reached over 95 percent. Over the past 20 years, the government has poured over 900 million yuan in total for wetland 7 (restore), biodiversity monitoring, and other protection and management efforts. The Lhalu Wetland has 8 (systematic) established a mechanism led by the government, coordinated (协作) by various departments, and 9 (involve) community participation. With joint efforts the ecological functions of the Lhalu Wetland have continuously improved, biodiversity has smoothly increased, 10 ecological protection has developed alongside the improvement of local livelihoods. Passage 2 Residents and tourists couldn’t help 1 admire the stunning aurora borealis (北极光) in Mohe, Heilongjiang province, China’s northernmost city on the evening of Nov 24. The auroras, 2 (main) colored pink and purple, wave alternately across the night sky at high latitudes, attracting 3 (visit) and photographers along the banks of the frozen Heilongjiang River to capture the moment with their cameras. However, when they entered the country’s first aurora-themed museum in Mohe’s Beiji village, 4 opened on Nov 19, they were even more shocked. The museum, 5 (name) Shenlu, meaning deer god, offers immersive experiences via virtual reality and augmented reality (增强现实技术AR), scientific forecasts and aurora-themed souvenirs, 6 (allow) visitors to appreciate the magical beauty of auroras. Auroras 7 (cause) by the Earth’s natural electrical fields in the northern and southern hemispheres. The most famous is the aurora borealis, which appears in high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Located at China’s highest latitude, Mohe is one of the best places in the country 8 (observe) nature’s light show. Since winter began, the area 9 (witness) several aurora displays. “The aurora museum, covering 10 area of 1,000 square meters, was completed in five months and has already welcomed 5,000 visitors in its first week,” said its manager Yu Heng. ( 综合拓展练 （测试时间： 10 分钟） ) Passage 1 (2025新高考I 卷) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte - Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4. What is Gauchotte - Lindsay's suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年高一下·江苏南通·期中)The Amazon in the heart of South America and the Atlantic rainforests on the east coast of the continent are separated by hundreds of miles of dry forest and savanna (稀树草原) that are too difficult for most rainforest trees to survive. Despite this gap, the two ecosystems share many different species of tree. It was previously supposed that the trees bridged this gap during historical periods when the region was much wetter and more forgiving to passing trees. Off the back of new research, a new theory has sprung up: The forests of the Atlantic rainforest are constantly occupied by trees from the Amazon. They do this by growing and spreading along the river, which acts like a hidden “highway” between the two separated ecosystems. “Rather than tree species being exchanged during specific wetter periods in the past, we found that they have dispersed consistently over time,” Dr James Nicholls, lead study author, said in a statement. “This probably happens slowly, by generations of trees growing along the ‘highways’ provided by rivers that run through Brazil’s dry ecosystems,” added Dr Nicholls. The researchers came to this conclusion by studying the genetics of 164 species of Inga tree, which are common in Latin American rainforests. Their DNA was used to reconstruct the “family tree” of the plants showing the team when each species split from its numerous ancestors and their pattern of movement across the continent. Researchers identified 16 to 20 instances of species migrating from the Amazon to the Atlantic Forest and successfully taking root. The study highlights how the natural world does not respect the national borders set by homo sapiens (智人). These ecosystems are deeply connected, frequently spreading between countries with regardless of border checks and passports. This view, the team says, could have huge importance for the conservation of the rainforests in South America and the rest of the world. 1. What can we learn from the old theory of tree migration? A. It depended on genetic data. B. It stressed slow river spread. C. It proved species connection. D. It assumed wetter past periods. 2. How do trees from the Amazon reach the Atlantic rainforest according to the new theory? A. By using wind movement. B. By getting human assistance. C. By following river highways. D. By relying on animal migration. 3. What does the underlined word “dispersed” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Spread. B. Increased. C. Reduced. D. Disappeared. 4. What does the study suggest people do for rainforest conservation? A. Focus only on the Amazon. B. Cooperate across countries. C. Protect each forest separately. D. Ignore national borders entirely. ( 7 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 必修三Units 1~2(期末复习讲义) 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点：复习与环境保护，自然灾害防范主题相关的重点词汇、短语的能力，更好地运用这些语言知识。 复习难点: 在阅读过程中归纳段落大意、分析长难句、猜测词义等; 总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度。 考情规律 词汇运用：侧重 harm, vary, survive,injure在具体语境中的选择，以及 call, come的搭配。 句型转换/翻译：常涉及There is no harm, 省略和状语从句的句型转换。 知识点1 harm n. & vt.伤害，损害 (1) harm sb./sth.=do harm to sb./sth.=do sb./sth.harm对某人/物造成损害,损害某人/物 There is no harm in doing...做……无害处。 (2) harmful adj.有害的,导致损害的 be harmful to... 对……有害 (3) harmless adj.无害的 Sometimes there is no harm in putting off a piece of work until another day. 有时把一项工作推迟到另一天做并没有什么害处。 This object gives off harmful gases, which may do harm to/be harmful to our health.You’d better make the object harmless before you use it.这个物体会释放有害的气体,这种气体有害于我们的健康。在你用之前最好让它变得无害。 harm 作为名词的时候,是不可数名词,前面可以用no, great, much 和a lot of 修饰。 例1. Thankfully, most of the bacteria on your body and in your home are (harm). 【答案】harmless 【详解】句意：幸运的是，你身体上和家里的大多数细菌是无害的。根据“Thankfully”可知，此处表示“无害的”，应用形容词“harmless”作表语。 例2. Too much sunlight can be (harm) to your eyes if you don’t wear sunglasses. 【答案】harmful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果不戴太阳镜，过多的阳光会对眼睛有害。本空作表语，表示主语的性质，用形容词harmful“有害的”。故填harmful。 例3. Exposure to TV violence will cause harm children’s mental health. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：接触电视暴力会对儿童的心理健康造成伤害。表示“对……造成伤害”，应用固定短语cause harm to，to为介词。故填to。 知识点2 variety n.不同种类,变化,多样性;变种,变体 With the development of economy, there are various/ a variety of/ varieties of/varied goods in stores, varying from daily groceries to luxury goods, which greatly enrich people’s life. In addition, the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.随着经济的发展,商店里的商品种类繁多,从日常用品到奢侈品,大大丰富了人们的生活。此外,货物的种类和数量也随季节而变化。 (1)a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the variety of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)variety 可用 wide、great、large等修饰。 例1. Students held (vary) opinions on the new policy, ranging from full support to complete rejection and anger. 【答案】varied/various 【详解】句意：学生们对新政策持有各种各样的观点，从完全支持到彻底反对和愤怒。本空修饰名词opinions，作定语，用形容词形式varied/various“各种各样的，不同的”。 知识点3 survive vi.生存,存活 vt.幸存,幸免于难 (1)survive on...　　以……为生 survive from... 从……时期留存下来 survive sb. by+时间段 比某人多活了多长时间 survive through熬过、挺过(艰难时期 / 寒冬等) (2)survival n.生存,幸存;幸存事物 (3)survivor n.幸存者 As a matter of fact, she survived her husband by five years.事实上，她比她丈夫多活了5年。 It was not easy for them to survive through the freezing winter without enough food.没有充足的食物，他们很难熬过这个严寒的冬天。 The little girl was the only survivor who survived the strong earthquake. She told the reporter that she had to survive on little food during the days when she was buried. I think her survival was a real wonder.这个小女孩是这场大地震的唯一幸存者,她告诉记者她在被掩埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。我想她的生还真的是一个奇迹。 survive表示“从地震/火灾/事故等中幸存下来”时是及物动词,应为survive the earthquake/fire/accident等。 1. If the explorer couldn’t find his way out of the jungle, there would be little chance of (survive). 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果这位探险家找不到走出丛林的路，那么存活的几率就微乎其微了。介词of后需要接名词作宾语，因此需要将动词survive转换为名词形式survival，意为“存活，幸存”。故填survival。 知识点4 come up with 想出，想到 The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. 这位设计师说，他是在看到人们在俄罗斯街头被淋湿后想到这个主意的。 When walking down the street, I came across David who I hadn't seen for years.当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。 His new novel is scheduled to come out next month. 他的新小说预定下个月出版。 come up with为及物动词短语；come up为不及物动词短语。 As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.那个计划在会上一经提出，就引起了许多人的关注。 1. 这就是你们能想出来的最好的答案吗?(come up with) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】Is this the best answer that you can come up with? 【详解】考查定语从句和动词短语。根据句意，该句为一般疑问句，描述现在的情况，使用一般现在时。表示“这就是……吗”为一般疑问句结构Is this...，其中“这”为this作主语，“是”为is提前至句首构成疑问语序；表示“最好的答案”为the best answer，作表语，表示“你们能想出来的”为定语从句，修饰先行词the best answer，从句中缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词，且先行词被最高级the best修饰，所以定语从句用关系代词that引导，表示“你们能想出来”为you can come up with。故翻译为Is this the best answer that you can come up with? 知识点5 call for (公开)要求；需要 The public are calling for an end to air pollution. 公众呼吁结束空气污染。 Whenever I see the photo on the wall, I always call up scenes of my childhood. 每当我看到墙上的照片,总是想起我童年的情景。 I’m going to call on one of my former classmates. 我要去看望我的一位老同学。 例1． 所有这些坏影响都需要我们特别关注。(call for) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】All these bad effects call for our special concern. 【详解】考查名词、动词短语、时态和主谓一致。表示“所有这些坏影响”应用all these bad effects，作主语；表示“需要”应用动词短语call for，作谓语动词，由句意知应用一般现在时；表示“特别关注”应用名词短语special concern，作宾语。故翻译为All these bad effects call for our special concern。 例2. This kind of work calls experience and patience. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：这种工作需要丰富的经验和耐心。根据空格前的calls可知，此处用介词for构成固定短语call for表示“要求、需要”。故填for。 知识点6 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 (1)injured 　　　adj.受伤的 the injured 伤员 get injured 受伤 (2)injury n.伤;伤口;伤害 do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 Motorcyclists must wear helmets to protect themselves from injury. 骑摩托车的人必须佩戴头盔来保护自己免受伤害。 The driver failed to stop at the red light and injured a pedestrian crossing the street. 司机没有在红灯处停车，撞伤了一名正在过马路的行人。 The injured man was rushed to the hospital immediately. 那位受伤的男子立刻被紧急送往医院。 harm 多指给人的精神、身体等带来损害或引起不安、不便 injure 多指意外事故带来伤害、使受伤;还可指伤害名誉、自尊等 hurt 一般用词,可指伤害精神、肉体、感情等,还可表示身体部位的“疼、痛” wound 多指在战争、搏斗中用武器伤害身体某部位 例1. Fortunately, there were no serious (injure) in the car accident. 【答案】injuries 【详解】考查名词。句意：幸运的是，这场车祸中没有人受重伤。空处作主语，需填名词injury，结合were可知，主语使用复数形式。故填injuries。 例2. The (injure) passengers were rushed to the hospital. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查形容词。句意：受伤的乘客被紧急送往医院。此处修饰名词passengers，表示“受伤的”，应用形容词injured，作前置定语。故填injured。 3. There is much chance that Bill will recover from his (injure) in time for the race. 【答案】injury 【详解】考查名词。句意：比尔很有可能及时从伤病中恢复过来参加比赛。根据空前的形容词性物主代词“his”可知，空处需用名词形式作介词from的宾语，injure的名词为injury“伤害，损伤”，此处指一次伤病，用单数形式。故填injury。 知识点7 occur vi. 发生,出现;存在于 It suddenly occurred to him that he should apologize to his friend for his rude behaviour. 他突然想到他应该为自己的粗鲁行为向朋友道歉。 A sudden thought occurred to me while I was waiting for the bus.​我等公交车的时候突然想到了一个主意。 No matter how hard we tried to improve the situation, complaints seemed to be an everyday occurrence. 无论我们多么努力去改善现状，抱怨似乎都成了日常司空见惯的事。 表示“某人突然想到……”的常用句型还有：it strikes sb that...；it hits sb that...等。 •occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为 occurring。 •occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时；作谓语时，主语不能是人。 例1. I suddenly remembered that I didn’t lock the classroom before I left. → ____________________________(It occurs to sb. that) 【答案】It suddenly occurred to me that I didn’t lock the classroom before I left. 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我突然想起，我离开之前没有锁上教室。“It occurs to sb. that”表示“某人突然想起……”，故将I suddenly remembered that替换为It suddenly occurred to me that，故填It suddenly occurred to me that I didn’t lock the classroom before I left. 例2. After listening to the explanation, it suddenly (occur) to him that he had misunderstood the concept all along. 【答案】occurred 【详解】考查动词时态及固定句型。句意：听完解释后，他突然意识到自己一直都误解了这个概念。根据所给词occur以及“it suddenly ____ to him”可知，此处是固定句型It suddenly occurs/ occurred to sb. that…，意为“某人突然意识到……”。根据“had misunderstood”可知，此空应是过去式occurred。故填occurred。 知识点8 relief n. 宽慰,轻松,减轻,消除;救济 (1)to one’s relief　　令某人宽慰的是 in relief 如释重负,松了口气 (2)relieve vt.解除;减轻 relieve sb. of sth. 帮助……减轻;替……拿重物 (3)relieved adj.感到宽慰的;放心的 Meditation can relieve stress — for you and for your pet. 冥想可以缓解压力——对你和你的宠物都是。情态Much to our relief, Jenny’s illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared. 令我们大为宽慰的是，珍妮的病情证明不像我们之前担心的那么严重。 It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about i能和别人谈论这件事，真是一种解脱。 The old man felt relieved when he knew his job was safe. 当老人知道他的工作安全时，他感到宽慰。 例1. It was a relief to hear that Marta was found safe and well.(变为感叹句) →________ it was to hear that Marta was found safe and well! 【答案】What a relief 【详解】考查感叹句。句意：得知玛尔塔安然无恙，我松了一口气。使用what+名词短语引导感叹句，名词短语为a relief。句首单词首字母大写，故填What a relief。 知识点9 scare vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕 n.恐慌;惊吓 (1)scare...away/off　　 把……吓跑 (2)be scared to death　　　 吓得要死 be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 (3)scary adj.引起恐慌的 She was scared of walking home alone in the fog, so she called a taxi. 她害怕在雾中独自走回家，所以她叫了一辆出租车。 “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’ re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. Ho说：“如果你对某件事感到害怕，并且只想着它，你就不可能学得进去。” The movie was so scary that it gave me goose bumps. 这部电影太恐怖了，让我起了鸡皮疙瘩。 例1. She was scared death of what might happen next. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词和固定短语。句意：她非常害怕接下来可能发生的事。此处是固定短语be scared to death，意为“吓得要死”，此空应是介词to。故填to。 例2. The prince felt (scare) when he heard the terrible noise outside. 【答案】scared 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当王子听到外面可怕的噪音时，他感到很害怕。空格处位于系动词felt之后，需用形容词作表语；所给词scare为动词，其形容词形式有scared意为“感到害怕的”，修饰人，以及scary意为“令人害怕的”，修饰物，此处主语为The prince，指人，表示“感到害怕的”。故填scared。 例3. We were all scared death when we found a dead body floating in the pond where we were swimming. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：当我们发现一具尸体漂浮在我们游泳的池塘里时，我们都吓得要死。scared to death是固定短语，意为“吓得要死”，其中to为介词，故填to。 例4. When the people present at the meeting heard the noise, they were nearly (scare) to death. 【答案】scared 【详解】考查形容词。句意：出席会议的人听到那声音，都吓得要命。空处应填形容词作表语，be scared to death“吓得要死”，故填scared。 例5. I was (scare) to think that I had to stay in this (scare) building. 【答案】 scared scary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：想到我不得不待在这座令人害怕的建筑物里，我就感到害怕。第一空：根据空前系动词was可知，空处需用形容词作表语，此处表示主语I的感受，意为“感到害怕的”，所以空处需用-ed形容词scared；第二空：根据空后名词building可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词，此处表示建筑物令人害怕，所以空处需用-ing形容词scary“令人害怕的”。故填①scared；②scary。 知识点10 supply n.补给品,补给;供应;供应量,储备vt.供应,供给,提供 (1)supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. =provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. =offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物 (2)supplies　 补给品[pl.] in short/limited supply 供应不足 supply/ provide/ offer 不一样的“提供” 区　别 搭　配 supply 通常指定期供应所需或所要求之物,含有连续不断地供给之意 supply sb./sth.with sth.=supply sth.to sb./sth. provide 表示仅仅是出于某种责任主动提供所需之物,尤其是生活必需品 provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. offer 指“主动提供”帮助、服务或令人向往之物等 offer to do sth. offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. Plenty of food and daily supplies have been sent to the areas that were hit by the natural disaster. 大量的食物和日常用品已被送往遭受自然灾害影响的地区。 His father will supply him with travelling expenses. 他的父亲会为他提供旅行费用。 That shop has a large supply of shoes. 那家商店有大量的鞋。 The lounge was well supplied with water. 客厅里有充足的水供应。 例1. Make sure the construction workers are offered enough building materials. (supply) →Make sure the construction workers ____________________ enough building materials. 【答案】are supplied with 【详解】考查固定短语和动词语态。句意：确保给建筑工人提供足够的建筑材料。原句用“are offered”表被动，结合提示词“supply”，对应的被动表达为“be supplied with”，“supply sb with sth”是固定搭配，意为“给某人提供某物”，其被动形式“be supplied with sth”与“be offered sth”在“被提供某物”的语境中语义一致，主语为名词复数，所以be动词为are。故填are supplied with。 例2 The lounge was well supplied drinking water. 【答案】with 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：休息室里有充足的饮用水。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“supply…with…”，意为“把……提供给……”，句中为其被动形式“…be supplied with…”，“be well supplied with…”表示“……供应充足”，故空格处应用介词“with”。故填with。 句型1 倍数关系句型 Our company has published twice as many books as we did last year. 我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。 The area of the province is less than one fourth the size of the whole country.  这个省的面积还不到全国的四分之一。 【易错提示】表示“两倍”时,用twice或double,三倍或三倍以上则用“基数词+times”来表达。句式中表示倍数也可用分数、百分数,half等其他程度状语。 例1： However, making a paper bag uses __________________ (四倍的能量) making a plastic bag and up to __________________ (用水量的三倍) . 【答案】 four times as much energy as three times the amount of water 【详解】句意：然而，制作一个纸袋所消耗的能源是制作一个塑料袋的数倍，而且用水量更是前者的大约三倍。“能量”用名词energy，倍数表达常用结构“倍数 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as”，此处修饰不可数名词energy，用much，所以“四倍的能量”翻译为four times as much energy as。“用水量”翻译为the amount of water，修饰不可数名词的量时，也可用“倍数 + the + 名词 (如amount/quantity) + of + 名词”的结构，更侧重量化的概念。所以“用水量的三倍”翻译为three times the amount of water。 例2： They found that human activity is causing species to die out ____________ (比正常快1000倍). 【答案】1,000 times faster than normal 【详解】考查含倍数的比较级。句意：他们发现人类活动正在导致物种以比正常快1000倍的速度灭绝。根据汉语提示，设空处构成倍数表达法“倍数+形容词(或副词)的比较级+than”的固定结构，结合句意可知，此处表达“比正常快1000倍”，用1000 times faster than normal；normal为名词，意为“正常，常态”。故填1000 times faster than normal。 例3.And in America, people who receive 25% of their daily calories or more through sugar ________________ (两倍的可能性) to die from heart disease than people who receive less than 10% a day. ( 【答案】are twice as likely 【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：在美国，每天摄入25% 或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的几率是每天摄入不到10% 的人的两倍。此处是倍数表达法，即倍数+as+形容词原级+as/than，“两倍”为twice，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“可能做某事”为固定搭配be likely to do，主语是people，表示复数意义，be动词应用are，故填are twice as likely。 句型2 be doing...when 正在做……突然 when 的常用句式 be doing sth.when...　正在做某事,这时突然…… be about to do sth.when...=be on the point of doing sth.when... 正要做某事,这时突然…… had just done...when... 刚做完……这时…… I was doing my homework when the telephone rang.  我正在做作业,这时电话响了。 I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang.  我刚做完试卷这时铃声就响了。 We were about to start when it began to rain.  我们刚要开始,天就开始下雨了。 I ________________ with my three children ________________ water started filling my home. 当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 【答案】 was having breakfast when 【详解】考查固定句型和时态，根据中英文提示，固定句型：be doing. . . when. . . 正在做某事这时……，“吃早饭”翻译为have breakfast，句子描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语是I，be动词用was，第一个空格处填was having breakfast；“这时”用连词when表示。故填was having breakfast；when。 句型3 the moment...意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句。 “一……就……”的句型 ①no sooner...than... ②hardly/scarcely...when... ③the moment/the minute/the instant+从句 ④on+动名词/名词 ⑤instantly/directly/immediately As soon as he got back, he gave me a ring at once. /Instantly/Directly/Immediately he got back, he gave me a ring at once. /The moment/minute/instant he got back, he gave me a ring at once. /Hardly/No sooner had he got back when/than he gave me a ring at once. 他一回来就立即给我打了电话。 例1. 数学家在俯视草坪的窗边坐了下来，那一刻，他感到内心五味杂陈。(The moment)(汉译英) ____________________________________ 【答案】The moment the mathematician sat down by the window overlooking the lawn, he felt a jumble of emotions welling up in his heart. 【详解】考查名词、动词和时间状语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表过去发生的动作。表示“数学家”应用the mathematician，为可数名词单数作从句主语；表示“在俯视草坪的窗边坐了下来”应用sat down by the window overlooking the lawn，“overlooking the lawn”为现在分词短语作后置定语修饰window；表示“那一刻”应用the moment，引导时间状语从句；表示“他感到内心五味杂陈”应用he felt a jumble of emotions welling up in his heart，其中“a jumble of emotions”表“五味杂陈的情绪”，“welling up in his heart(涌上心头)”为现在分词短语作宾补成分。故翻译为The moment the mathematician sat down by the window overlooking the lawn, he felt a jumble of emotions welling up in his heart. ( 基础通关练 （测试时间： 10 分钟） ) 单句语法填空 1.As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of (extinct) becomes longer, we are left with a question. 【答案】extinction 【详解】考查名词。句意：随着人类活动的影响不断扩大，濒临灭绝的物种名单越来越长，我们面临着一个问题。介词“of”后需接名词作宾语，所给词“extinct”为形容词，意为“灭绝的”，其名词形式是extinction，意为“灭绝”，in danger of extinction表示“濒临灭绝”，符合语境。故填extinction。 2. The mall offers a wide (vary) of entertainment facilities. 【答案】variety 【详解】句意：这家商场提供各种各样的娱乐设施。空前为不定冠词a以及形容词wide，所以此处为名词，vary为动词，其名词形式为variety，意为“种类”，a wide variety of意为“各种各样的”。 3. It is advisable to settle down on Qianmen Street which is 800 meters in (long). 【答案】length 【详解】句意：建议在前门大街定居，这条街全长800米。介词in后面需要接名词作宾语，long的名词形式为length，表“长度”；in length，是固定搭配，意为“在长度上”，符合语境。 4. Although the two books are on similar topics, they are (entire) different in style and audience. 【答案】entirely 【详解】句意：尽管这两本书的话题相同，但风格和受众群体却完全不同。此处修饰形容词different，故应用副词entirely“完全地”作状语。 5. Many international organizations help people living in extreme (poor) in remote mountain areas. 【答案】poverty 【详解】句意：许多国际组织帮助生活在偏远山区极端贫困环境中的人们。提示词作宾语，用名词形式poverty，表示“贫困”，不可数名词。 6. The broadcasting system in Canada is famous and advanced, which serves (variety) purposes. 【答案】various 【详解】句意：加拿大的广播系统闻名遐迩且技术先进，其功能多样。修饰名词purposes用形容词various，作定语。 7. The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice (牺牲) environmental protection to promote (economy) growth. 【答案】economic 【详解】句意：当地政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。此处需用形容词修饰名词growth，economy的形容词为economic意为“经济的”。 8. The medicine he took provided immediate (relieve) from the pain that had troubled him for days. 【答案】relief 【详解】​ 句意：他服用的药立刻缓解了他困扰多日的疼痛。空处需填名词作provided的宾语，提示词relieve的名词形式为relief，表示“缓解，减轻”，不可数。 9. Cutting down many trees has a (destroy) effect on the local ecosystem. 【答案】destructive 【详解】句意：砍伐大量树木会对当地生态系统造成破坏性的影响。此处需要形容词修饰名词effect，destroy为动词，其形容词为destructive作定语，意为“具有破坏性的”。 10. The summer heat in this city is almost (bear), forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime. 【答案】unbearable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座城市的夏季酷热简直让人难以忍受，以至于许多居民白天都不得不待在室内。空处应填形容词作表语，结合“forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime”可知，此处指夏季酷热让人难以忍受，使用形容词unbearable，故填unbearable。 11. The (distant) between the two villages is about 10 kilometers. 【答案】distance 【详解】考查名词。句意：两个村庄之间的距离大约是10公里。空处需要名词作主语，distant的名词形式是distance，意为“距离”，表示抽象含义是不可数名词。故填distance。 12. Due to (curious), he squeezed himself into the crowd to see what had happened. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于好奇，他挤进人群，想看看发生了什么事。分析可知，空前“to”为介词，所填应是名词，作其宾语。“curious”，形容词，意为“好奇的”，其名词形式为“curiosity(好奇心)”。故填curiosity。 13. Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if not (handle) properly, may lead to spreading diseases. 【答案】handled 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：专家警告说，医院的医疗废物如果处理不当，可能会导致疾病传播。此处是if引导的条件状语从句的省略，从句的主语是medical waste，和动词handle之间是被动关系，故此处使用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为if it (medical waste) is not handled properly，当状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，故填handled。 二、完成句子 1. The attendance this year is 6,000. Last year it was 2,000.  (改为倍数关系句式) 改写： ________________________________________________ 【答案】This year’s attendance is three times as large as last year’s./This year’s attendance is three times that of last year. 【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：今年的出席人数是 6000 人。而去年是 2000 人。根据句意可知，句子可改写为“今年的出席人数是去年的三倍之多”，“今年的出席人数”翻译为this year’s attendance，“三倍”的表达法是three times as large as...或three times that of...，“去年”是last year，故答案为This year’s attendance is three times as large as last year’s./This year’s attendance is three times that of last year. 2. 他们正在搭帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨把他们吓坏了。(be doing...when...) They ________________a loud whistle frightened them. 【答案】were putting up the tent when 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。表达“正在做某事，这时……”用固定句型be doing...when...，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用过去进行时，主语they是复数，be用were，“搭帐篷”用put up the tent。故填were putting up the tent when。 3. He fell in love with you the moment he saw you. (1) ________. (用as soon as改写) (2) ________. (用以-ly结尾的连词改写) 【答案】 He fell in love with you as soon as he saw you He fell in love with you immediately he saw you/He fell in love with you directly he saw you/He fell in love with you instantly he saw you 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：他见到你的那一刻就爱上你了。根据句意，表示“一……就……”应为the moment，as soon as和immediately/directly/instantly，所以按要求第一句可以将the moment替换为as soon as；第二句将the moment替换为immediately/directly/instantly。故填He fell in love with you as soon as he saw you He fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly he saw you ( 重难突破练 （测试时间： 20 分钟） ) 一、阅读理解 Let’s look at some cost-saving ways to keep your garden watered during the hot months of summer. The Time of Watering The best time to water plants is in the morning. This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot. If you water later in the day, the water will just evaporate (蒸发) from the surface. If you water in the evening, the plants stay too wet overnight. The risk of mold, mildew and fungal diseases increases. The Ways of Watering If you water quickly every day, it does not help the roots, which can extend over 30 centimetres into the soil. Water the soil less often, but deeply. Be careful when watering very dry soil as the water will just run off without getting into the soil. Go slow and make sure the water is absorbing. Catch and Reuse Water One way to help keep costs low for watering is to use recycled water. Instead of pouring water out after boiling foods, keep it and reuse it to water plants. Just make sure the water does not have salt in it. Choose Native Plants Drought-resistant plants should not be overwatered when trying to keep thirstier plants watered. It is also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live. These plants tend to be resistant to drought. They just need regular watering their first two years. After that, they can live on just rainwater except for during times of extreme heat. Keep Moisture(水分) In Adding 5 to 8 centimetres of mulch (覆盖物) around the plants can reduce the evaporation of water and reduce weed growth. Make sure the soil is warm before adding the mulch. Create a 7-to-8-centimetre border away from the base of the plants. 1. Which suggestion best reflects the concept of water recycling? A. Keep Moisture In. B. The Time of Watering. C. Choose Native Plants. D. Catch and Reuse Water. 2. What is the biggest benefits of planting local plants? A. Reducing weed growth. B. Being watered freely. C. Tolerance to drought. D. Reducing fungal diseases. 3. Who is the most recommended reader for this article? A. Gardeners. B. Plant experts. C. Environmentalists. D. Landscape architects. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了炎热夏季节省成本保持花园浇水的各种方法。 1. 细节理解题。根据Catch and Reuse Water部分的“One way to help keep costs low for watering is to use recycled water. Instead of pouring water out after boiling foods, keep it and reuse it to water plants. Just make sure the water does not have salt in it.(降低灌溉成本的一种方法是使用循环水。不要在煮完食物后倒水，而是保存起来，再用来浇灌植物。只要确保水里没有盐就行了。)”可知，Catch and Reuse Water这个建议最能反映水循环利用的概念。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据Choose Native Plants部分的“It is also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live. These plants tend to be resistant to drought.(最好使用你所居住地区的原生植物。这些植物往往抗旱。)”可知，种植本地植物的最大好处是耐旱性。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Let’s look at some cost-saving ways to keep your garden watered during the hot months of summer.(让我们来看看一些省钱的方法，让你的花园在炎热的夏天保持浇水。)”可推知，文章主要介绍给拥有花园的人。故选A。 二、完形填空 In the morning, Slim got up and prepared breakfast for his wife as usual. Nicole, his wife, was listening to music in the bedroom. 1 ， he felt that his body was shaking. Slim had the rapid response that there was an earthquake! He 2 quickly, “Dear, earthquake! Go to the toilet!” Nicole heard the shouting, took up the first aid box quickly and ran into the toilet. The house was 3 even more violently. The bathroom was the next door to the kitchen. Slim picked up a kitchen 4 and two pieces of bread outside the kitchen. Slim tried to run along the wall to help Nicole. However, it got 5 suddenly with an explosion. The house 6 down and many things fell from above. Nicole was quickly buried in 7 . She felt breathing very difficult. She tried to stand up, but 8 . A few minutes later, the land was silent. Nicole heard the sound of short 9 and thought it was Slim! She shouted to him but no 10 ! He probably fainted. Nicole kept saying his name and she finally heard a response. The two people encouraged and 11 each other. They knew that there must be a way to escape. Slim found that they were close and were 12 by the fallen stones and some powder. He started to dig with the kitchen knife. He felt 13 from his fingers. Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched one of Nicole’s hands, and then dug the 14 stones of her body. Finally, Nicole had a 15 breathing slowly. The two people sat on the ground and hugged together. 1. A. Suddenly B. Actually C. Unfortunately D. Really 2. A. warned B. frightened C. jumped D. shouted 3. A. burning B. shaking C. falling D. moving 4. A. tool B. cook C. fork D. knife 5. A. bright B. cloudy C. dark D. blank 6. A. lay B. crashed C. broke D. bent 7. A. ruins B. ashes C. dirt D. pieces 8. A. senseless B. impractical C. impossible D. invaluable 9. A. steps B. breath C. movements D. pauses 10. A. response B. sign C. hope D. result 11. A. touched B. held C. calmed D. called 12. A. wrapped B. separated C. fastened D. limited 13. A. pain B. cold C. water D. warmth 14. A. sticking B. dealing C. surrounding D. spreading 15. A. complete B. constant C. steady D. weak 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了在一次地震中，一对夫妻互相鼓励、互相帮助，一起战胜困难，最终幸免于难的感人的故事。 1. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，他感觉到自己的身体在发抖。A. Suddenly突然地；B. Actually 事实上；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Really真地。根据下文“he felt that his body was shaking.”可知，突然，他感觉到自己的身体在发抖。故选A。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他迅速喊道。A. warned警告； B. frightened使惊吓；C. jumped 跳；D. shouted喊叫。根据下文“Nicole heard the shouting”可知，他迅速喊道。故选D。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：房子的震动更加剧烈。A. burning燃烧； B. shaking摇晃；C. falling倾倒；D. moving移动。根据前两句可知发生了地震，那么应该是指房子在摇晃，在抖动，故选B。 4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯利姆在厨房外面拿起一把菜刀和两片面包。A. tool工具；B. cook厨师；C. fork叉；D. knife刀。根据后文“He started to dig with the kitchen knife.”可知，斯利姆在厨房外面拿起一把菜刀。故选D项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着一声爆炸，天突然黑了下来。A. bright明亮的；B. cloudy多云的；C. dark黑暗的；D. blank空白的。根据后文“The house 　　　　6　　　　 down and many things fell from above.”可知，房子塌了，妮可被埋了，所以是变黑暗了。故选C项。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：房子倒塌了，许多东西从上面掉下来。A. lay放置；B. crashed碰撞；C. broke打破；D. bent弯曲。根据后文“Nicole was quickly buried in 　　　7　　　　　.”可知，妮可被埋了，所以应该是房子倒塌了，所以crash down意为“猛然倒下”符合题意。故选B项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：妮可很快就被埋在废墟中。A. ruins废墟；B. ashes灰烬；C. dirt灰尘；D. pieces片。根据前文“The house 　　　　6　　　　 down and many things fell from above.”可知，房屋倒塌了，所以妮可是被埋在废墟下。故选A项。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她想站起来，但不可能。A. senseless无意义的；B. impractical不切实际的；C. impossible不可能的；D. invaluable极宝贵的。根据后文“Slim touched one of Nicole’s hands, and then dug the 　　　　14　　　　 stones of her body.”可知，妮可身体被石头压住了，所以她想站起来是不可能的。故选C项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：妮可听到了短促的呼吸声，以为是斯利姆!A. steps脚步声；B. breath呼吸；C. movements运动；D. pauses停顿。根据后文“He probably fainted.”可知，斯利姆晕倒了，所以结合选项，应是听到呼吸声符合实际。故选B项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她向他大喊，但没有回应!A. response回答；B. sign签名；C. hope希望；D. result结果。根据后文“He probably fainted.”可知，斯利姆晕倒了，所以妮可的叫喊没有得到回应。故选A项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个人互相鼓励，互相安慰。A. touched触摸；B. held抓住；C. calmed使镇静；D. called称呼。根据前文的“and”可知，空处和encouraged的并列，且词义相近，结合选项，C项“calmed使镇静”符合题意。故选C项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯利姆发现他们离得很近，被掉落的石头和一些粉末隔开了。A. wrapped用…包裹；B. separated分割；C. fastened系牢；D. limited限制。根据后文“Finally, he removed the last piece of larger stones. Slim touched one of Nicole’s hands”可知，斯利姆和妮可是被石头分开了。故选B项。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他感到手指疼痛。A. pain疼痛；B. cold寒冷；C. water水；D. warmth温暖。根据前文“He started to dig with the kitchen knife.”可知，斯利姆虽然有菜刀帮助挖石头，但是正常情况是会伤到手的，所以是感到手指疼痛。故选A项。 14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：利姆摸到了妮可的一只手，然后挖出了她身体周围的石头。A. sticking粘的；B. dealing活动；C. surrounding周围的；D. spreading大幅的。根据上文“Nicole was quickly buried in 　　　　7　　　　.”可知，妮可被埋在废墟里，所以此处是挖出她身体周围的石头。故选C项。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：终于，妮可慢慢地有了稳定的呼吸。A. complete完全的；B. constant恒定的；C. steady平稳的；D. weak虚弱的。根据前文“Slim touched one of Nicole’s hands, and then dug the 　　　　14　　　　 stones of her body.”可知，妮可身上的石头被挖开了，所以没有石头压着她，结合实际，应该是呼吸平稳了。故选C项。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 Xizang autonomous region adds another place to visit The Lhalu Wetland National Nature Reserve in Lhasa 1 (recognize) officially by the World Record Certification Agency (WRCA) recently as the world’s highest-altitude urban natural wetland, authorities announced on 20th Dec. 2025. In the heart of Lhasa lies the Lhalu wetland 2 houses boundless ecological treasures and boasts diverse wildlife. It covers 12.2 square kilometers at an average altitude of 3,649 meters above sea level. As the sun 3 (bathe) the Potala Palace in golden light every morning, it also sets the nearby Lhalu wetland shining, 4 the cold air giving way to the warmth of a new day. This ecological landmark, often 5 (refer) to as the “Lungs of Lhasa”, highlights China’s achievements in high-altitude environmental protection and 6 (serve) as a global model of sustainable conservation. Till now, the vegetation coverage of the Lhalu Wetland has reached over 95 percent. Over the past 20 years, the government has poured over 900 million yuan in total for wetland 7 (restore), biodiversity monitoring, and other protection and management efforts. The Lhalu Wetland has 8 (systematic) established a mechanism led by the government, coordinated (协作) by various departments, and 9 (involve) community participation. With joint efforts the ecological functions of the Lhalu Wetland have continuously improved, biodiversity has smoothly increased, 10 ecological protection has developed alongside the improvement of local livelihoods. 【答案】1. has been recognized 2. that/which 3. bathes 4. with 5. referred 6. serves 7. restoration 8. systematically 9. involving 10. And 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍拉萨拉鲁湿地被认证为世界最高海拔城市天然湿地。 1. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：2025年12月20日，有关部门宣布，拉萨拉鲁湿地国家自然保护区近日被世界纪录认证机构正式认证为世界海拔最高的城市自然湿地。根据时间状语recently可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语The Lhalu Wetland National Nature Reserve与动词recognize之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has been recognized。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：拉萨市中心的拉鲁湿地拥有无尽的生态宝藏和多样的野生动物。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是“the Lhalu wetland”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每天早晨，当阳光将布达拉宫沐浴在金色的光芒中时，它也让附近的拉鲁湿地闪闪发光，寒冷的空气让位于新一天的温暖。空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词。根据时间状语“every morning”可知，句子描述经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，主语the sun是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填bathes。 4. 考查介词。句意：每天早晨，当阳光将布达拉宫沐浴在金色的光芒中时，它也让附近的拉鲁湿地闪闪发光，寒冷的空气让位于新一天的温暖。此处为with复合结构作伴随状语，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。故填with。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个生态地标经常被称为“拉萨之肺”，突显了中国在高海拔环境保护方面的成就，并成为可持续保护的全球典范。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词，固定短语refer to...as...表示“把……称为……”，逻辑主语This ecological landmark和动词refer之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填referred。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个生态地标经常被称为“拉萨之肺”，突显了中国在高海拔环境保护方面的成就，并成为可持续保护的全球典范。空处为句子的并列谓语动词，根据上文highlights可知，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语This ecological landmark是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填serves。 7. 考查名词。句意：过去20年来，政府共投入9亿多元用于湿地恢复、生物多样性监测以及其他保护和管理工作。空处作介词for的宾语，应用名词restoration，意为“恢复”，不可数名词。故填restoration。 8. 考查副词。句意：拉鲁湿地系统建立了政府主导、各部门协调、社区参与的机制。空处修饰动词established，应用副词systematically，意为“系统地”。故填systematically。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：拉鲁湿地系统建立了政府主导、各部门协调、社区参与的机制。分析句子结构可知，空处与led、coordinated并列作定语，逻辑主语a mechanism和动词involve之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填involving。 10. 考查连词。句意：在共同努力下，拉鲁湿地的生态功能不断提高，生物多样性稳步增加，生态保护与当地民生改善同步发展。根据句意可知，“ecological protection has developed alongside the improvement of local livelihoods”和“the ecological functions of the Lhalu Wetland have continuously improved, biodiversity has smoothly increased”之间是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 Passage 2 Residents and tourists couldn’t help 1 admire the stunning aurora borealis (北极光) in Mohe, Heilongjiang province, China’s northernmost city on the evening of Nov 24. The auroras, 2 (main) colored pink and purple, wave alternately across the night sky at high latitudes, attracting 3 (visit) and photographers along the banks of the frozen Heilongjiang River to capture the moment with their cameras. However, when they entered the country’s first aurora-themed museum in Mohe’s Beiji village, 4 opened on Nov 19, they were even more shocked. The museum, 5 (name) Shenlu, meaning deer god, offers immersive experiences via virtual reality and augmented reality (增强现实技术AR), scientific forecasts and aurora-themed souvenirs, 6 (allow) visitors to appreciate the magical beauty of auroras. Auroras 7 (cause) by the Earth’s natural electrical fields in the northern and southern hemispheres. The most famous is the aurora borealis, which appears in high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Located at China’s highest latitude, Mohe is one of the best places in the country 8 (observe) nature’s light show. Since winter began, the area 9 (witness) several aurora displays. “The aurora museum, covering 10 area of 1,000 square meters, was completed in five months and has already welcomed 5,000 visitors in its first week,” said its manager Yu Heng. 【答案】1. but 2. mainly 3. visitors 4. which 5. named 6. allowing 7. are caused 8. to observe 9. has witnessed 10. an 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了11月24日晚，中国最北端的城市漠河的居民和游客欣赏到了令人惊叹的北极光，以及中国首个北极光主题博物馆的相关情况。 1. 考查固定短语。句意：11 月 24 日晚，在中国最北端的城市黑龙江漠河，当地居民和游客都不禁为那壮观的北极光所倾倒。can’t help but do sth.为固定短语，意为“情不自禁做某事”。故填but。 2. 考查副词。句意：极光主要是粉红色和紫色的，在高纬度地区的夜空中交替波动，吸引着黑龙江江畔的游客和摄影师用相机捕捉这一刻。修饰形容词colored需用副词mainly，作状语。故填mainly。 3. 考查名词。句意同上。attract是及物动词，后面需用名词作宾语，此处表示“游客”需用名词visitor，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填visitors。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，当他们进入11月19日开放的漠河北极村中国首个北极光主题博物馆时，他们更加震惊。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词museum，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这家名为“神鹿”的博物馆，意为鹿神，通过虚拟现实和增强现实技术、科学预测和极光主题纪念品提供身临其境的体验，让游客欣赏极光的神奇之美。本句已有谓语动词offers，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词The museum，name和The museum为动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填named。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句已有谓语动词offers，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，The museum和allow为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填allowing。 7. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：极光是由地球南北半球的自然电场引起的。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语Auroras和cause为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are caused。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：漠河位于中国纬度最高的地区，是观赏自然灯光秀的最佳地点之一。名词places前有最高级修饰，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to observe。 9. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自冬季开始以来，该地区已经见证了几次极光表演。根据时间状语Since winter began可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has witnessed。 10. 考查冠词。句意：“极光博物馆占地面积1000平方米，历时五个月建成，首周已接待游客5000人，”馆长于恒说。cover an area of为固定短语，意为“占地面积为……”，area是以元音音素开头的可数名词单数，故填an。 ( 综合拓展练 （测试时间： 10 分钟） ) Passage 1 (2025新高考I 卷) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn't include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte - Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4. What is Gauchotte - Lindsay's suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【答案】1-4 CABD 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了微塑料污染的普遍性及其对人类健康的潜在威胁，并提出了一种简单且经济的方法煮沸和过滤自来水来减少饮用水中的微塑料含量。研究还指出，水的硬度(碳酸钙含量)是影响该方法效果的关键因素。文章强调微塑料污染问题的严峻性，并呼吁进一步升级饮用水处理厂，以应对微塑料污染问题。 1. C推理判断题。根据第一段中的… they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow... even appearing inside humans.可知，第一段通过列举微塑料出现在深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩、海鸟胃、南极雪中，甚至人体中的例子，说明其污染的普遍性和严重性，因此C项正确。 2. A 事实细节题。根据第三段中的... boiling hard water containing... an almost 90 percent drop in plastics ... boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.可知，煮沸硬水(含300毫克碳酸钙)可减少近90%的微塑料，而煮沸低碳酸钙含量的水仅减少25%的微塑料。由此可知，水的硬度(即碳酸钙含量)直接决定去除微塑料的有效性，因此A项正确。 3. B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Even bottled water … contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.可知，作者提到瓶装水，旨在强调微塑料污染的严重性，因此B项正确。 4. D 推理判断题。最后一段中Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay提到，通过煮沸水去除微塑料的方法非常好，随后提到We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay建议升级饮用水处理厂以去除微塑料，这是这项发现的潜在应用，是将研究发现用于解决实际问题，因此D项正确。B项为易错选项，further study是研究层面，而对饮用水处理厂进行升级是一种落地的举措，故B项错误。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年高一下·江苏南通·期中)The Amazon in the heart of South America and the Atlantic rainforests on the east coast of the continent are separated by hundreds of miles of dry forest and savanna (稀树草原) that are too difficult for most rainforest trees to survive. Despite this gap, the two ecosystems share many different species of tree. It was previously supposed that the trees bridged this gap during historical periods when the region was much wetter and more forgiving to passing trees. Off the back of new research, a new theory has sprung up: The forests of the Atlantic rainforest are constantly occupied by trees from the Amazon. They do this by growing and spreading along the river, which acts like a hidden “highway” between the two separated ecosystems. “Rather than tree species being exchanged during specific wetter periods in the past, we found that they have dispersed consistently over time,” Dr James Nicholls, lead study author, said in a statement. “This probably happens slowly, by generations of trees growing along the ‘highways’ provided by rivers that run through Brazil’s dry ecosystems,” added Dr Nicholls. The researchers came to this conclusion by studying the genetics of 164 species of Inga tree, which are common in Latin American rainforests. Their DNA was used to reconstruct the “family tree” of the plants showing the team when each species split from its numerous ancestors and their pattern of movement across the continent. Researchers identified 16 to 20 instances of species migrating from the Amazon to the Atlantic Forest and successfully taking root. The study highlights how the natural world does not respect the national borders set by homo sapiens (智人). These ecosystems are deeply connected, frequently spreading between countries with regardless of border checks and passports. This view, the team says, could have huge importance for the conservation of the rainforests in South America and the rest of the world. 1. What can we learn from the old theory of tree migration? A. It depended on genetic data. B. It stressed slow river spread. C. It proved species connection. D. It assumed wetter past periods. 2. How do trees from the Amazon reach the Atlantic rainforest according to the new theory? A. By using wind movement. B. By getting human assistance. C. By following river highways. D. By relying on animal migration. 3. What does the underlined word “dispersed” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Spread. B. Increased. C. Reduced. D. Disappeared. 4. What does the study suggest people do for rainforest conservation? A. Focus only on the Amazon. B. Cooperate across countries. C. Protect each forest separately. D. Ignore national borders entirely. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【语篇导读】文章主要讲述了研究揭示亚马逊雨林树种沿河持续扩散至大西洋沿岸雨林。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It was previously supposed that the trees bridged this gap during historical periods when the region was much wetter and more forgiving to passing trees.(以往人们认为树木是在该地区更湿润的历史时期跨越这片阻隔地带的。)”可知，旧理论认为树木迁徙依托过去更湿润的气候环境。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They do this by growing and spreading along the river, which acts like a hidden “highway” between the two separated ecosystems.(它们沿着河流生长扩散，河流如同两大独立生态系统间隐秘的“高速通道”。)”可知，亚马逊树木顺着河道迁徙至大西洋雨林。 3. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Rather than tree species being exchanged during specific wetter periods in the past, we found that they have dispersed consistently over time,” Dr James Nicholls, lead study author, said in a statement. “This probably happens slowly, by generations of trees growing along the ‘highways’ provided by rivers that run through Brazil’s dry ecosystems,” added Dr Nicholls.(该研究的主要作者詹姆斯·尼科尔斯博士在一份声明中指出：“我们发现，树种并非在过去特定的湿润时期才进行交流，而是随着时间的推移持续不断地dispersed。”尼科尔斯博士补充道：“这一过程可能十分缓慢，是一代代树木沿着贯穿巴西干旱生态系统的河流所提供的‘高速公路’逐渐生长蔓延的结果。”)”可知，树种并非在过去特定的湿润时期才进行交流，而是随着时间的推移持续不断地扩散，spread意为“扩散，传播”。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study highlights how the natural world does not respect the national borders set by homo sapiens (智人). These ecosystems are deeply connected, frequently spreading between countries with regardless of border checks and passports. This view, the team says, could have huge importance for the conservation of the rainforests in South America and the rest of the world.(这项研究强调了自然界并不尊重智人所设定的国界。这些生态系统紧密相连，经常跨越国界传播，完全无视边境检查和护照。研究团队表示，这一观点可能对南美洲乃至全世界雨林的保护工作具有重大意义。)”可知，雨林生态跨国相连，保护雨林需要各国跨界合作。 ( 16 / 23 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $