重难点09 完形填空之记叙文-2025年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（天津专用）

重难点09 完形填空之记叙文 三年考情分析 2025考向预测 年份 语篇 类型 主题 语境 动词 (短语) 名词 形容词 副词 介词 (短语) 连词 近几年，高考天津卷的完形填空语篇都是记叙文，侧重考查考生在特定语境中的词语辨识能力（以动词、名词、形容词为主）和语篇的整体及细节理解能力。 预计2025年，高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言运用能力。 2024年3月 记叙文 人与 自我 8 5 3 1 2 1 2023年6月 记叙文 人与 社会 7 5 6 2 0 0 2023年3月 记叙文 人与 社会 10 5 3 1 1 0 2022年6月 记叙文 人与 自我 10 5 4 1 0 0 2022年4月 记叙文 人与 社会 8 6 2 3 1 0 【题型解读】 高考英语完形填空重点评估考生在整体语篇中的语言综合应用能力。该题型要求学生在信息缺失的语境中，通过分析上下文逻辑、词汇内涵及语法结构，从四个同类型选项中筛选出最符合语境的答案，最终实现文章内容完整连贯、主题明确的目标。 题目设置具有显著特征：文本首句通常保留完整以提供背景线索，空缺间隔控制在10-15个单词之间，答案选项呈现均衡分布规律。命题侧重考查整体语篇理解和微观语义辨析，约80%的考点集中在动词、名词、形容词和副词四类实词上，虚词考查比例较低。选项设计常呈现同词性特征或与前后词形成固定搭配，考查词汇以课标基础词汇为主，其中约70%考察常规用法，约30%涉及熟词僻义的特殊情况。 解题过程需要考生同步调动文本解读能力、逻辑推理能力和词汇运用能力，尤其在上下文线索不连续的情况下，需通过分析句间逻辑关系、情感色彩及语义衔接来实现精准判断。 【考查维度】 1.考查语境理解（该类试题所占的比例最大） 高考完形填空的命题趋向于语境化和深层次化，重点考查考生在理解上下文的基础上运用语言的能力。这类考点常涉及特定语境中的时间、地点、方向、情感、动作等，要求考生从特定语句或语境中获取信息，选择最符合语境的选项，使前后文语气一致、意义连贯、逻辑通顺、表达合理。考生可根据设空处的上下文、整个段落或整篇文章，推敲细节、寻找线索，选择最佳选项。 2.考查复现信息 完形填空文章中的句子和段落都是围绕同一个主题展开的，一些复现的信息使得语篇中的句子衔接连贯，前后内容关联，构成一个完整的整体。复现信息包括主题复现、人物复现、事物复现等。考生应具备整体意识，在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下，考虑设空处与句内其他部分、前后句甚至其他段落在意义上的连贯性。 3.考查逻辑关系 语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据相关的逻辑关系组织起来的意义整体。语篇衔接的逻辑关系能展现出作者的写作思路。该类试题考查考生对文章上下文逻辑关系的把握，有两种设题方式：一是考查体现逻辑关系的关联词，二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出最佳选项。考生需捋清事件的来龙去脉，关注作者的写作手法和逻辑衔接词，以作者的思维模式进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。 4.考查语篇情感 完形填空中的记叙文在行文上注重从情节的发展到情感的升华，常见结构脉络为：先抑后扬，先扬、后抑、最终扬。文章在记叙的同时，有时还会表达出作者本人或文中主人公对某一特定人物或事件的思想情感或评价。考生在解答此类题目时，需要把握文章的主题，提炼贯穿始终的线索，关注能表示人物性格特征、感情变化、行为动作和反映作者对某人或某件事的评价、预示事件的发展趋势的词汇，正确理解作者所要表达的思想或内心感受。 5.考查背景常识 完形填空语篇一般选取原汁原味的英语文章，不仅以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，而且常常涉及一些生活常识、文化背景，渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等。考生若能将文章信息和已有知识相结合，将有助于快速准确解题。 6.考查语法知识 通常情况下，完形填空中对语法的考查主要有以下两种：一是考查习惯用法或固定搭配，如动词短语、介词搭配、惯用语等；二是考查语法结构，如名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词的用法、倒装等。考生需注意设空与语境的联系越来越密切，直接根据语法知识就能选出答案的试题越来越少，需要联系上下文，从而确定最佳选项。 【解题步骤】 第一遍：通读全文，了解大意，粗选答案。 1. 速读全文，获悉大意：梳理文章的故事主线和情感主线，借助文章首句所给启示(完形填空首句通常不设空)，跳过空格，快速通读文章，从整体上把握文章大意和结构，判断文章体裁，确立正确的背景知识，初步形成解题思路。 2. 顺手而为，粗选答案：有些简单题目在速读时便可选出答案，如固定搭配、习惯用法以及常用句式等，不过也要注意出题者故意设置的迷惑性题目，在第二遍阅读时需要再推敲。 第二遍：逐句阅读，答易留难，各个击破。 1. 先易后难：先解答线索比较明显的题，暂时跳过没有把握的题。待填完其他空白后，再回过头来做前面的题，随着空格变少及理解的深入，考生可利用前后空白的相互提示和补充，分析遗留的难题。同时，还可利用排除法来答题。 2. 瞻前顾后：通过上下文线索，把握出题者思路及空格上下句所要表达的意思，利用复现词汇、上下文内容、背景知识、暗示信息、逻辑关系等选择答案。 第三遍：再读文章，复查答案，冲刺满分。 1. 验证答案：将所选答案代入文章通读，着重检查填词后文章的主旨是否明确，搭配是否正确，逻辑是否通顺。 2. 推敲疑点。如果遇到有疑问的地方，必须重新推敲考虑，对比分析，这是迈向高分、满分的必备一步。 （建议用时：60分钟） 【考点一：人与自我】 （2024·天津卷第一次）I had struggled with math since fourth grade, but worked very hard to 1 the smart students around me. In eleventh grade, much to my classmates 2 , I signed up for precalculus BC, the hardest math class. That was when I met Mr. Dena and told him I had 3 in math, yet I would try my hardest. He was convinced I could succeed 4 the doubts from my classmates. Mr. Dena kept an unforgettable 5 by Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.” He reflected on that throughout the year and was 6 to teach us more than math. Mr. Dena occasionally gave partner tests, believing that we could solve hard problems together. He drew names out of a hat to 7 partners. Students were 8 out loud that they wouldn't be paired with me. As the “lucky” name was 9 , the class burst into laughter. My partner joked about being 10 with me. However, we worked well together and surprised everyone with our 11 on this test. I learned so much from my classmates and I realized this was really 12 we had partner tests. The final exam was Mr. Dena's final 13 to us, but I failed it. I told him I didn't understand how I could do so 14 on a test when I had studied so hard. He explained it's not about the grades; it's about true understanding. If studying didn't 15 on a test, it would someday. I knew then that 16 passing or failing tests, studying was about hard work and effort. And I 17 myself harder than I ever had. To be challenged in math really changed the way I 18 other challenges in life. I wasn't going to let a grade stop me from learning some of the best lessons of my life. Mr. Dena is one of the giants that Newton 19 . He has helped me see not only more 20 ideas than I thought possible, but who I can be. 1．A．keep up with B．give in to C．stay away from D．watch out for 2．A．sorrow B．delight C．surprise D．relief 3．A．talent B．methods C．innovation D．weaknesses 4．A．in spite of B．in case of C．in view of D．in consequence of 5．A．diary B．quote C．essay D．letter 6．A．embarrassed B．determined C．astonished D．puzzled 7．A．assign B．honor C．persuade D．monitor 8．A．reading B．singing C．praying D．applauding 9．A．registered B．changed C．abandoned D．picked 10．A．concerned B．stuck C．impressed D．content 11．A．negotiation B．mistake C．performance D．standard 12．A．when B．why C．where D．how 13．A．decision B．challenge C．instruction D．victory 14．A．accurately B．carefully C．effortlessly D．poorly 15．A．give out B．break down C．turn up D．pay off 16．A．beyond B．within C．upon D．across 17．A．praised B．defended C．pushed D．criticized 18．A．viewed B．created C．ignored D．presented 19．A．admires B．establishes C．measures D．describes 20．A．social B．mathematical C．psychological D．moral （2022·天津卷第二次）When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 1 . But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would 2 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another 3 . “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so 4 and my world came 5 down in an instant. From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 6 . With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 7 , I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) 8 way out. The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started 9 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She 10 and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 11 out of. I made a 12 not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 13 could be achieved. The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 14 why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t 15 at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 16 I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was 17 a lot that year. 18 I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 19 everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 20 inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable. 1．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly 2．A．mess up B．move on C．set out D．take off 3．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor 4．A．ashamed B．starved C．excited D．relaxed 5．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending 6．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter 7．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy 8．A．funny B．important C．easy D．traditional 9．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating 10．A．had a point B．made a change C．reached a level D．took a break 11．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb 12．A．request B．resolution C．presentation D．proposal 13．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution 14．A．figure out B．give away C．think over D．make up 15．A．aim B．smile C．wave D．shout 16．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise 17．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced 18．A．Carrying on B．Looking back C．Stepping aside D．Turning around 19．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue 20．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped （2021·天津卷第二次）My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely 1 . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother 2 meditation (冥想),while I was a born 3 who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't 4 . I didn't 5 having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. 6 , I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be 7 for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough 8 my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n） 9 between us because we shared a room. At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I 10 to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and 11 practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother 12 quiet when I got home. After two days of this, my brother asked me to 13 him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song 14 ,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new 15 . I kept trying at the song, no longer getting 16 at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to 17 power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything 18 the first time and that good things come with continual 19 .I now understand why my brother favours the 20 . 1．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal 2．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned 3．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer 4．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in 5．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay 6．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory 7．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful 8．A．above B．below C．near D．without 9．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance 10．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided 11．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued 12．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted 13．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire 14．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously 15．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy 16．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited 17．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain 18．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down 19．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear 20．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety （2024·天津河东·二模）I was born without arms. My parents bought me a full-length 1 when I was a baby so I’d get comfortable with the way I looked. They never let my 2 hold me back, and it never did. Before I started school, they helped me 3 with holding a pencil in my mouth, but I 4 to use my left foot. At school, I used a desk my grandpa had 5 for me. It was 6 so I could write with my feet. The other kids quickly 7 to me and I made lots of friends. In Year 2011 I swam in the inter-house carnival and a coach encouraged me to join his squad. It 8 a passion in me for swimming, 9 I kept up when I went to the university to study business and law. By then, I 10 lived with my parents, but I did most things on my own. I drove a car with my right foot on the steering wheel and cooked meals using my feet. Meanwhile, I started doing ocean swims and I got the 11 , doing bigger swims. This peaked in me 12 a 10km swim around Old Woman Island, Qld, in April 2022. I swam freestyle with fins and rolled to breathe. I had an amazing support crew but it was seriously 13 going. When my feet 14 the sand again five hours and 11 minutes later, my family ran to hug me and we both 15 . The swim 16 $13,000 for special schools on the Sunshine Coast, Qld. If it goes some way to enable 17 with a disability to feel how I felt after that swim, then every metre, every kick was 18 . I’m 19 do it again this year! My disability has never 20 me. I have a wonderful life, a job I enjoy and a goal to reach. I just happen to have been born without arms. 1．A．armchair B．mirror C．wheelchair D．stick 2．A．responsibility B．identity C．similarity D．disability 3．A．experience B．experiment C．treatment D．movement 4．A．hated B．refused C．preferred D．returned 5．A．adjusted B．adopted C．contributed D．applied 6．A．lower B．smaller C．finer D．dearer 7．A．got mad B．got along C．got used D．got rid 8．A．spared B．separated C．compared D．sparked 9．A．which B．what C．where D．that 10．A．even B．then C．still D．ever 11．A．emotion B．ambition C．potential D．recognition 12．A．continuing B．competing C．improving D．completing 13．A．smooth B．ambiguous C．upset D．tough 14．A．walked B．patted C．touched D．hugged 15．A．shocked B．cried C．sighed D．shouted 16．A．earned B．donated C．handled D．raised 17．A．kids B．people C．men D．women 18．A．waste B．expensive C．worthwhile D．empty 19．A．set about B．set to C．set off D．set down 20．A．define B．identify C．direct D．distract （2024·天津部分区·二模）I used to be shy, but in the past two years, I’ve changed. I stepped out of my comfort zone and 1 new experiences. I’m happy that I am becoming a 2 person. I think my 3 started with a trip through Southeast Asia. At first, I was hesitant and worried about traveling 4 . I had always been comfortable in 5 surroundings and liked being surrounded by family members or friends. However, I decided to challenge myself and start this journey. During my trip, I 6 lively cities and met people from different cultures. I tried delicious food, immersing myself in local traditions, and learning basic phrases in different languages. Each day brought a new adventure and a chance to embrace the 7 . One of the most significant changes occurred when I joined a 8 program in a rural village, helping to build a school and providing support for the community. It was a(n) 9 experience that opened my eyes to the challenges faced by others and the power of collective effort of volunteers. Through this experience, I developed a deep appreciation for the importance of 10 and making a positive impact. As I continued my journey, I 11 that pushing my boundaries and seeking new experiences brought me immense personal growth. I took part in 12 activities like zip-lining (滑索), scuba diving and trekking to breathtaking viewpoints. Each adventure helped me overcome 13 and embrace the beauty of the world. Now, I am 14 for the person I have become—open-minded, adaptable, and eager to 15 change. Stepping into the unknown has helped me to 16 the diversity and richness of the world. This is a journey of exploration and 17 . Life is more than 18 routines and playing it safe. Embracing new experiences and seeking 19 have brought me fulfillment and expanded my horizons. I have gratitude for who I was, but even more excited about the person I am 20 . 1．A．provide B．decline C．accept D．describe 2．A．lucky B．brave C．clever D．caring 3．A．education B．career C．tour D．change 4．A．alone B．slowly C．together D．lightly 5．A．famous B．familiar C．strange D．dangerous 6．A．lived B．enjoyed C．hated D．explored 7．A．unknown B．unrealistic C．unheard D．uncertain 8．A．leadership B．volunteer C．research D．wellness 9．A．terrible B．awful C．valuable D．challenging 10．A．giving back B．going away C．giving up D．showing off 11．A．guessed B．announced C．realized D．disbelieved 12．A．fun B．useful C．educational D．exciting 13．A．failures B．fears C．joys D．angers 14．A．regretful B．helpful C．grateful D．thoughtful 15．A．embrace B．cause C．resist D．ignore 16．A．doubt B．deny C．promote D．discover 17．A．stop B．progress C．devotion D．expression 18．A．dealing with B．sticking to C．giving away D．agreeing with 19．A．adventure B．help C．danger D．need 20．A．hating B．avoiding C．becoming D．admiring 【考点二：人与社会】 （2023·天津卷第二次）There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever. These can be moments when true character is 1 , often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.   Not long ago, I was a(n) 2 to that kind of moment. On a summer midnight, my parents and I had just 3 a long flight and started to walk through the empty airport when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground. We 4 ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began trying to 5 what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a(n) 6 information card, other passengers from the flight joined us. My parents 7 that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的) and in major need of sugar. 8 , the only thing we could find was a protein bar. We were 9 it would not be enough to save him. Just then, a young boy, Mecca, arrived at the 10 with the flight attendants(空乘人员). He quietly announced, “I have a Snickers(士力架巧克力)!” Nobody responded to him as they were in the 11 of trying to save a stranger's life. Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and 12 a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar. Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar, the man regained 13 . Mecca, a fourth grader,   14 this stranger's life! No one could have guessed that earlier that night, Mecca had just been through a 15 time. His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled, 16 him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous. His grandmother filled his backpack with candy to make him a little less 17 . When we told Mecca's parents of his 18 actions, they smiled from ear to ear. They were surprised that he had saved some candy and was able to think about the candy during the 19 . As time goes on, I remain 20 by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger's life. Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile. 1．A．created B．revealed C．introduced D．preserved 2．A．witness B．visitor C．match D．exception 3．A．caught B．confirmed C．gotten off D．put off 4．A．safely B．accidentally C．casually D．immediately 5．A．get across B．figure out C．take down D．bring up 6．A．medical B．financial C．educational D．military 7．A．recalled B．determined C．admitted D．guaranteed 8．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 9．A．worried B．confused C．embarrassed D．annoyed 10．A．station B．destination C．scene D．department 11．A．chaos B．possession C．habit D．direction 12．A．gave away B．set aside C．pulled out D．kept off 13．A．memory B．appetite C．independence D．consciousness 14．A．risked B．saved C．sacrificed D．respected 15．A．proper B．tough C．enjoyable D．mysterious 16．A．forcing B．urging C．reminding D．permitting 17．A．guilty B．anxious C．sensitive D．doubtful 18．A．modest B．ambitious C．heroic D．confident 19．A．flight B．operation C．performance D．emergency 100．A．relieved B．puzzled C．frustrated D．inspire （2023·天津卷第一次）In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895 meters above sea level. After months of preparation, I started my great 1 .At the base of the mountain, I met Mik, a local porter, who warmly 2 me. Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent (帐篷), and carry everything back down after reaching the 3 . Mik stood about 1.6 meters tall. I was 4 with a pack nearly as tall as his whole body. Just imagine this little man with the huge equipment 5 on his head. The first day of the climb was 6 the rain forest, across a slippery (滑的), muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓). Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3, 000 meters. The air was 7 and it was colder. When I arrived at the campsite for the night, my tent was already set up and 8 me. Day two was much steeper (陡峭的) and rockier. I really had to 9 what I was doing. And I felt guilty for the tough.   10 Mik had to work in Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile, “Polle, polle, ”which means“ 11 , take it easy” in his native language. I 12 back, my burden lighter somehow. Over the next five days, the climb got 13 difficult. The temperatures could 14 from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours. At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen 15 in each breath compared to at sea level. That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik remained 16 . He always had a smile and a positive 17 .It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the 18 to keep going. Even today, when I find myself 19 with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even 20 stranger to the top of a mountain. 1．A．performance B．business C．presentation D．adventure 2．A．questioned B．congratulated C．greeted D．invited 3．A．base B．peak C．forest D．border 4．A．covered B．equipped C．occupied D．treated 5．A．balanced B．exposed C．displayed D．folded 6．A．outside B．beside C．through D．over 7．A．thinner B．softer C．drier D．sweeter 8．A．looking after B．pointing to C．resting on D．waiting for 9．A．focus on B．comment on C．inquire into D．break into 10．A．locations B．conditions C．atmosphere D．competition 11．A．stop B．hurry C．relax D．move 12．A．ran B．talked C．smiled D．rode 13．A．slightly B．increasingly C．automatically D．equally 14．A．swing B．circle C．climb D．last 15．A．predictable B．available C．noticeable D．affordable 16．A．ambitious B．modest C．thankful D．cheerful 17．A．direction B．advantage C．attitude D．relationship 18．A．impression B．platform C．opportunity D．strength 19．A．cooperating B．struggling C．associating D．communicating 20．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend （2021·天津卷第一次）For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 1 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 2 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 3 . For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 4 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 5 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 6 to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 8 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again 9 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 10 to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 11 bicycles. Then came more than 500 12 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 13 to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 14 struggling. 15 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to 16 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 17 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. "It's a really great 18 for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a 19 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 20 that he can make on people." 1．A．amazed B．mad C．curious D．frightened 2．A．emotions B．career C．opinions D．route 3．A．ever B．together C．instead D．yet 4．A．ride B．lock C．repair D．replace 5．A．lack B．variety C．increase D．quality 6．A．instruction B．qualification C．transportation D．permission 7．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from 8．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered 9．A．by accident B．in advance C．for free D．on credit 10．A．profit B．budget C．courage D．excuse 11．A．shared B．used C．expensive D．modern 12．A．enquiries B．advertisements C．notices D．announcements 13．A．exported B．sold C．lent D．returned 14．A．hardly B．slightly C．truly D．instantly 15．A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among 16．A．practical B．commercial C．mathematical D．social 17．A．Otherwise B．However C．Somehow D．Meanwhile 18．A．promise B．celebration C．comfort D．experience 19．A．competition B．service C．ceremony D．suggestion 20．A．compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress （2024·天津河西·三模）Only positive thinking is not enough to attain our goals. Our 1 act as beacons (灯塔) that tell us where we want to go, but we need some “negative” thinking to light up that 2 and to expose the obstacles we will face along the way. In the 2008 summer Olympics, Michael Phelps was ready to 3 his own record for the 200-meter butterfly swimming race. After Phelps’s first turn, his goggles (游泳镜) 4 water and he couldn’t see. To stop and 5 his goggles would mean disqualification. 6 without his sight, how was he supposed to know exactly when to turn? This misfortune could cost Phelps 7 seconds each lap (圈). So, what did he do? Had he done anything to 8 him for this moment? Yes. Phelps had been practicing something he 9 for himself: negative visioning. During his training. Phelps had already imagined in 10 how he would respond in this moment of crisis. He already knew 11 how many strokes (划水) he would take before he reached the next wall. So, though unable to see, he 12 his strokes and made quick turns. And at last he won the gold medal. In psychology, the 13 of balancing learned optimism with practical realism — or acting against the 14 thought with the “negative” one —is called “mental contrasting”. It 15 us to lower our strong expectations about a (n) 16 outcome. So we can make wiser 17 and maintain motivation while working toward our goals. Mental contrasting can make sure we consider realistic obstacles when 18 our plan for the future. In this way, the obstacles in our way 19 us to think more critically and 20 become the means by which we achieve our goals in the first place. 1．A．concepts B．evaluations C．dreams D．wishes 2．A．life B．night C．situation D．path 3．A．break B．establish C．hold D．write 4．A．shut off B．stood against C．filled with D．took on 5．A．neglect B．adjust C．update D．remove 6．A．and B．but C．as D．if 7．A．slow B．memorable C．precious D．short 8．A．prepare B．rescue C．refresh D．control 9．A．contributed B．discovered C．kept D．created 10．A．fact B．turn C．detail D．addition 11．A．partly B．precisely C．generally D．rapidly 12．A．counted B．imagined C．designed D．remembered 13．A．trial B．task C．effort D．practice 14．A．original B．deep C．positive D．strange 15．A．requires B．allows C．urges D．commands 16．A．unrealistic B．accidental C．desired D．delayed 17．A．reforms B．decisions C．budgets D．progressions 18．A．supporting B．explaining C．transforming D．developing 19．A．warm B．lead C．remind D．forbid 20．A．eventually B．astonishingly C．abruptly D．secretly （2024·天津和平·二模）Alone in my office one afternoon, I unpeeled (打开) the wrapper from a square of chocolate with a deliberate curiosity. The words printed inside the wrapper 1 “Accept a compliment.” I would normally not say yes to 2 from strangers who work in the marketing department of Dove Chocolate. But they aren’t 3 in their advice: Come on women. Quit being apologists. 4 accept the compliments you deserve—without any self-deprecation (自我贬低) or changing of the subject. Until this point, I would have responded to a compliment with half 5 and half distraction—“Thanks, but…”. However, a simple “thank you” was not my style, I decided to 6 it. Walking home from work, I 7 a neighbor on the street. I smiled and waved as we neared each other. She waved back and shouted, “I like your dress!” I assumed this was an opportunity to 8 the new way to accept compliments and simply said, “Thank you.” An awkward 9 followed. When we started again, Her eyes acquired a(n) 10 look. “It’s appropriate,” she said. “I like it when people dress appropriately.” “Oh. Ugh,” I was 11 for words and continued my walk home, embarrassed. What had I 12 by failing to add a remark about how old or inexpensive my clothing was? The answer: a coded linguistic (语言的) invitation. Up until that candy wrapper advice, I hadn’t 13 the purpose of. compliments. According to experts, two-thirds of the time, people 14 to compliments with something in addition to “Thank you.” We   15 credit( “My mom picked this dress out for me.”), make a historical comment ( “I bought it on sale.”), or question the complimenter ( “Hmm; you think/so?”). Other times we 16 the compliment ( “This thing is so old I was about to give it to Goodwill.”), or treat the compliment as a 17 ( “You want to borrow it?”) 18 , the compliment is a coded invitation to chat, and “Thank you” linguistically slams the door in the complimenter’s face. In trying out the supposed right way to accept a compliment, I learned what such a pleasant commentary really signals for people: connection and 19 . I have since returned to my previous ways, which is to add a little P. S. after saying “Thank you.” 20 , I would be missing the big point of small talk. 1．A．read B．inform C．perform D．sign 2．A．invitations B．presentations C．predictions D．suggestions 3．A．afraid B．alone C．ready D．serious 4．A．Fully B．Partially C．Shortly D．Specially 5．A．congratulation B．acknowledgement C．instruction D．judgement 6．A．forget B．deny C．try D．review 7．A．promised B．challenged C．imagined D．encountered 8．A．handle B．neglect C．practice D．share 9．A．gesture B．silence C．manner D．sound 10．A．determined B．strict C．worried D．innocent 11．A．meant B．intended C．prepared D．lost 12．A．applied B．changed. C．mentioned D．missed 13．A．given much thought to B．put an end to C．taken a look at D．made every effort with 14．A．respond B．object C．attend D．answer 15．A．obtain B．ignore C．loosen D．shift 16．A．downgrade B．highlight C．update D．underline 17．A．method B．request C．permission D．discipline 18．A．In other words B．A’s a result C．In addition D．After all 19．A．appreciation B．conversation C．expression D．inspiration 20．A．Besides B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore 【考点三：人与自然】 （2024·天津南开·二模）Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology (中国科学院动物研究所) was not able to talk until he was 4 years old because of the way his brain processes sensory information. This 1 him “strange” in some people’s minds. So, he didn’t have friends who were around his age. This led him to turn his 2 to nonhuman things around him. He became fascinated (着迷) by the world of 3 . “The 4 time of my childhood was in the farm fields,” says Chen. “I squatted (蹲下) there, 5 the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of 6 about this world.” These experiences 7 a seed in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has 8 life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new 9 , living and extinct, many of which are named 10 him. “I was a child who was ‘cured’ by 11 ,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to 12 the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals, including insects. I wanted to start classes to bring children to learn in the open air and 13 the gifts nature endows (赋予).” These aspirations (愿望) led him to recently 14 the popular-science book, Du Chong Ji (Reading About Insects). It’s a continuation of a mission he began to act upon 15 a freshman in 2006, when he started a(n) 16 for people interested in insects at Nanjing Agricultural University. He often 17 for members to visit the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to 18 insects. His organization 19 had nearly 600 members. After graduating in 2010, Chen was 20 to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences to complete his doctorate in zoology. In 2016, he was recruited (录用) by the Institute of Zoology of the CAS. 1．A．got B．dreamed C．did D．made 2．A．face B．attention C．movement D．back 3．A．herbs B．farming C．pets D．insects 4．A．hardest B．shortest C．happiest D．forgettable 5．A．observing B．playing C．organizing D．ruling 6．A．curiosity B．guilty C．care D．hope 7．A．planted B．liked C．had D．melted 8．A．came out B．brought out C．got down D．engaged in 9．A．countries B．species C．columns D．wastes 10．A．out B．after C．on D．over 11．A．parents B．doctor C．nature D．heart 12．A．reach B．relate C．find D．share 13．A．experience B．wave C．compare D．create 14．A．consume B．publish C．raise D．polish 15．A．as B．about C．with D．under 16．A．test B．research C．association D．newspaper 17．A．arranged B．cycled C．dealt D．drilled 18．A．get through B．knock off C．put out D．look for 19．A．occasionally B．eventually C．precisely D．barely 20．A．admitted B．inspired C．connected D．selected （2023·天津和平·一模）Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature. Behind my house, there is a mountain named Le Pouce, where I spent much time 1 the forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration 2 at the water’s edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country 3 by the Indian Ocean, the thought of entering the ocean made me scared. When I was about 10, this started to 4 . I began learning about the 5 climate change presented to island countries, and I started 6 an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries, 7 the steps I could take to change the world, 8 I still didn’t know how to effectively achieve it. Later, I took the National Geographic Society’s Exploring Conservation courses, which set me on a path to helping start and 9 , The Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people’s 10 of protecting the ocean. Gradually, I realized how much humans 11 the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as 12 as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) 13 of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to 14 it, I became a certified diver last year. Diving plays a big part in my life now, and I work to 15 the protection of the underwater environment. I helped run a summer camp for young divers. During that time, I led a beach cleanup to help the participants understand how human litter could end up in the ocean. I got encouraged by the 16 of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on 17 plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home. Protecting the ocean is very 18 and I’ll keep dedicating myself to it. And I 19 hope more people will join me. Only with everyone’s effort can we make the world a(n) 20 place for human beings. 1．A．exploring B．transforming C．extending D．constructing 2．A．expanded B．appeared C．assisted D．stopped 3．A．ruined B．surrounded C．covered D．represented 4．A．change B．worsen C．repeat D．occur 5．A．progress B．threat C．opportunity D．image 6．A．proving B．hiding C．developing D．resisting 7．A．avoiding B．teaching C．pretending D．considering 8．A．if B．yet C．so D．unless 9．A．lead B．follow C．recognize D．prevent 10．A．hesitation B．awareness C．memory D．guess 11．A．paid back B．adapted to C．depended on D．kept up 12．A．simple B．significant C．dangerous D．effective 13．A．mood B．skill C．hobby D．experience 14．A．confirm B．neglect C．overcome D．analyze 15．A．turn down B．hold back C．add up D．contribute to 16．A．introduction B．influence C．advertisement D．prediction 17．A．mixing B．burning C．replacing D．combining 18．A．risky B．impractical C．shocking D．crucial 19．A．sincerely B．suddenly C．formally D．seemingly 20．A．wonderful B．imaginative C．familiar D．traditional （2022·天津南开·二模）Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of her country’s persistent (持续的) problems: garbage and poverty (贫困). It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a (n) 1 of local snack lovers: Rather than 2 your empty chip bags into the trash (垃圾桶), 3 them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the 4 . Chip eaters drop off their 5 bags from Doritos (多力多滋薯片), Lay’s (乐事薯片), and other favorites at two 6 in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they 7 the chip bags in soapy hot water, they 8 them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use soft materials from old coats to line the insides. It 9 about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, 10 whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry 11 ,” Oleita told the Detroit News. Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has 12 more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, 13 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to 14 the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the 15 for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of 16 a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are 17 ourselves to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says. And, of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would otherwise land in the 18 and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental problems and poverty often go 19 . As Oleita told hourdetroit.com: “I think it’s time to show 20 between all of these issues.” 1．A．advice B．question C．favor D．permission 2．A．throw B．track C．leak D．lock 3．A．design B．detect C．digest D．donate 4．A．homeless B．disabled C．old D．sick 5．A．heavy B．empty C．luxury D．full 6．A．moments B．decisions C．locations D．conclusions 7．A．clean B．load C．soften D．resolve 8．A．dig B．slice C．lift D．knock 9．A．pays B．takes C．delays D．wastes 10．A．resulting in B．figuring out C．contributing to D．depending on 11．A．out B．around C．over D．on 12．A．reached B．related C．found D．collected 13．A．destroyed B．repaired C．compared D．created 14．A．lose B．lend C．raise D．drop 15．A．goal B．income C．profit D．way 16．A．risking B．recommending C．attaining D．realizing 17．A．driving B．devoting C．enjoying D．encouraging 18．A．store B．trash C．solution D．family 19．A．day after day B．step by step C．face to face D．hand in hand 20．A．generations B．inspirations C．connections D．expectations ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点09 完形填空之记叙文 三年考情分析 2025考向预测 年份 语篇 类型 主题 语境 动词 (短语) 名词 形容词 副词 介词 (短语) 连词 近几年，高考天津卷的完形填空语篇都是记叙文，侧重考查考生在特定语境中的词语辨识能力（以动词、名词、形容词为主）和语篇的整体及细节理解能力。 预计2025年，高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言运用能力。 2024年3月 记叙文 人与 自我 8 5 3 1 2 1 2023年6月 记叙文 人与 社会 7 5 6 2 0 0 2023年3月 记叙文 人与 社会 10 5 3 1 1 0 2022年6月 记叙文 人与 自我 10 5 4 1 0 0 2022年4月 记叙文 人与 社会 8 6 2 3 1 0 【题型解读】 高考英语完形填空重点评估考生在整体语篇中的语言综合应用能力。该题型要求学生在信息缺失的语境中，通过分析上下文逻辑、词汇内涵及语法结构，从四个同类型选项中筛选出最符合语境的答案，最终实现文章内容完整连贯、主题明确的目标。 题目设置具有显著特征：文本首句通常保留完整以提供背景线索，空缺间隔控制在10-15个单词之间，答案选项呈现均衡分布规律。命题侧重考查整体语篇理解和微观语义辨析，约80%的考点集中在动词、名词、形容词和副词四类实词上，虚词考查比例较低。选项设计常呈现同词性特征或与前后词形成固定搭配，考查词汇以课标基础词汇为主，其中约70%考察常规用法，约30%涉及熟词僻义的特殊情况。 解题过程需要考生同步调动文本解读能力、逻辑推理能力和词汇运用能力，尤其在上下文线索不连续的情况下，需通过分析句间逻辑关系、情感色彩及语义衔接来实现精准判断。 【考查维度】 1.考查语境理解（该类试题所占的比例最大） 高考完形填空的命题趋向于语境化和深层次化，重点考查考生在理解上下文的基础上运用语言的能力。这类考点常涉及特定语境中的时间、地点、方向、情感、动作等，要求考生从特定语句或语境中获取信息，选择最符合语境的选项，使前后文语气一致、意义连贯、逻辑通顺、表达合理。考生可根据设空处的上下文、整个段落或整篇文章，推敲细节、寻找线索，选择最佳选项。 2.考查复现信息 完形填空文章中的句子和段落都是围绕同一个主题展开的，一些复现的信息使得语篇中的句子衔接连贯，前后内容关联，构成一个完整的整体。复现信息包括主题复现、人物复现、事物复现等。考生应具备整体意识，在把握语篇、透析语境的前提下，考虑设空处与句内其他部分、前后句甚至其他段落在意义上的连贯性。 3.考查逻辑关系 语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据相关的逻辑关系组织起来的意义整体。语篇衔接的逻辑关系能展现出作者的写作思路。该类试题考查考生对文章上下文逻辑关系的把握，有两种设题方式：一是考查体现逻辑关系的关联词，二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出最佳选项。考生需捋清事件的来龙去脉，关注作者的写作手法和逻辑衔接词，以作者的思维模式进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。 4.考查语篇情感 完形填空中的记叙文在行文上注重从情节的发展到情感的升华，常见结构脉络为：先抑后扬，先扬、后抑、最终扬。文章在记叙的同时，有时还会表达出作者本人或文中主人公对某一特定人物或事件的思想情感或评价。考生在解答此类题目时，需要把握文章的主题，提炼贯穿始终的线索，关注能表示人物性格特征、感情变化、行为动作和反映作者对某人或某件事的评价、预示事件的发展趋势的词汇，正确理解作者所要表达的思想或内心感受。 5.考查背景常识 完形填空语篇一般选取原汁原味的英语文章，不仅以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，而且常常涉及一些生活常识、文化背景，渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等。考生若能将文章信息和已有知识相结合，将有助于快速准确解题。 6.考查语法知识 通常情况下，完形填空中对语法的考查主要有以下两种：一是考查习惯用法或固定搭配，如动词短语、介词搭配、惯用语等；二是考查语法结构，如名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词的用法、倒装等。考生需注意设空与语境的联系越来越密切，直接根据语法知识就能选出答案的试题越来越少，需要联系上下文，从而确定最佳选项。 【解题步骤】 第一遍：通读全文，了解大意，粗选答案。 1. 速读全文，获悉大意：梳理文章的故事主线和情感主线，借助文章首句所给启示(完形填空首句通常不设空)，跳过空格，快速通读文章，从整体上把握文章大意和结构，判断文章体裁，确立正确的背景知识，初步形成解题思路。 2. 顺手而为，粗选答案：有些简单题目在速读时便可选出答案，如固定搭配、习惯用法以及常用句式等，不过也要注意出题者故意设置的迷惑性题目，在第二遍阅读时需要再推敲。 第二遍：逐句阅读，答易留难，各个击破。 1. 先易后难：先解答线索比较明显的题，暂时跳过没有把握的题。待填完其他空白后，再回过头来做前面的题，随着空格变少及理解的深入，考生可利用前后空白的相互提示和补充，分析遗留的难题。同时，还可利用排除法来答题。 2. 瞻前顾后：通过上下文线索，把握出题者思路及空格上下句所要表达的意思，利用复现词汇、上下文内容、背景知识、暗示信息、逻辑关系等选择答案。 第三遍：再读文章，复查答案，冲刺满分。 1. 验证答案：将所选答案代入文章通读，着重检查填词后文章的主旨是否明确，搭配是否正确，逻辑是否通顺。 2. 推敲疑点。如果遇到有疑问的地方，必须重新推敲考虑，对比分析，这是迈向高分、满分的必备一步。 （建议用时：60分钟） 【考点一：人与自我】 （2024·天津卷第一次）I had struggled with math since fourth grade, but worked very hard to 1 the smart students around me. In eleventh grade, much to my classmates 2 , I signed up for precalculus BC, the hardest math class. That was when I met Mr. Dena and told him I had 3 in math, yet I would try my hardest. He was convinced I could succeed 4 the doubts from my classmates. Mr. Dena kept an unforgettable 5 by Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.” He reflected on that throughout the year and was 6 to teach us more than math. Mr. Dena occasionally gave partner tests, believing that we could solve hard problems together. He drew names out of a hat to 7 partners. Students were 8 out loud that they wouldn't be paired with me. As the “lucky” name was 9 , the class burst into laughter. My partner joked about being 10 with me. However, we worked well together and surprised everyone with our 11 on this test. I learned so much from my classmates and I realized this was really 12 we had partner tests. The final exam was Mr. Dena's final 13 to us, but I failed it. I told him I didn't understand how I could do so 14 on a test when I had studied so hard. He explained it's not about the grades; it's about true understanding. If studying didn't 15 on a test, it would someday. I knew then that 16 passing or failing tests, studying was about hard work and effort. And I 17 myself harder than I ever had. To be challenged in math really changed the way I 18 other challenges in life. I wasn't going to let a grade stop me from learning some of the best lessons of my life. Mr. Dena is one of the giants that Newton 19 . He has helped me see not only more 20 ideas than I thought possible, but who I can be. 1．A．keep up with B．give in to C．stay away from D．watch out for 2．A．sorrow B．delight C．surprise D．relief 3．A．talent B．methods C．innovation D．weaknesses 4．A．in spite of B．in case of C．in view of D．in consequence of 5．A．diary B．quote C．essay D．letter 6．A．embarrassed B．determined C．astonished D．puzzled 7．A．assign B．honor C．persuade D．monitor 8．A．reading B．singing C．praying D．applauding 9．A．registered B．changed C．abandoned D．picked 10．A．concerned B．stuck C．impressed D．content 11．A．negotiation B．mistake C．performance D．standard 12．A．when B．why C．where D．how 13．A．decision B．challenge C．instruction D．victory 14．A．accurately B．carefully C．effortlessly D．poorly 15．A．give out B．break down C．turn up D．pay off 16．A．beyond B．within C．upon D．across 17．A．praised B．defended C．pushed D．criticized 18．A．viewed B．created C．ignored D．presented 19．A．admires B．establishes C．measures D．describes 20．A．social B．mathematical C．psychological D．moral 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．B 13．B 14．D 15．D 16．A 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从四年级开始学数学就很吃力，同学们都不愿意和作者进行小组活动，但作者却很努力，微积分课程的老师Mr. Dena让作者理解到了学习不是关乎于考试，而是努力和付出，付出终会有回报的。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从四年级开始，我的数学就很困难，但是我努力赶上我周围那些最聪明的学生。A. keep up with赶上；B. give in to向……屈服；C. stay away from远离；D. watch out for注意，留意。根据空前的“but worked very hard to”转折but可知，尽管我的数学学起来很费力，但我还是尽力追上、赶上周围的同学，故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我的同学惊讶的是，我报名了微积分BC这一课程，最难的数学课。A. sorrow伤心；B. delight高兴；C. surprise惊讶；D. relief轻松。根据前文“I had struggled with math since fourth grade”可知，我本身学数学就有一定的困难，但我却报名了最难的数学课，这让我的同学很惊讶，故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是当我遇到Mr. Dena的时候，我告诉他，我在数学上有一定的弱点，但我会尽最大的努力。A. talent天赋；B. methods方法；C. innovation创新；D. weaknesses弱点，劣势。根据前文“I had struggled with math since fourth grade”可知，我本身学数学就有一定的困难，因此我告诉Mr. Dena，我学数学有一定的劣势，故选D。 4．考查短语词义辨析。句意：他让我相信，即使同学怀疑我，但我还是能成功。A. in spite of尽管；B. in case of以防……； C. in view of鉴于；D. in consequence of因为，由于……的结果。根据空后“the doubts from my classmates.”可知，即使我学数学有困难，即使同学对我有怀疑，但他让我相信，我还是能成功，故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Dena在黑板上留下了Sir Isaac Newton的一句难忘的话：“如果我能看得更远，那是因为我站在巨人肩膀上。”A. diary日记；B. quote引文，引语；C. essay论文；D. letter信。根据后文“Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.””可知，后文提到Mr. Dena引用了的Sir Isaac Newton一句话，写在黑板上，故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他一整年都在思考这一点，并决定要教我们除了数学以外更多的东西。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. determined有决心的；C. astonished惊讶的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据空前“He reflected on that throughout the year”可知，他全年都在思考“如果我能看得更远，那只是因为我站在巨人肩膀上”这一点，因此下定决心要教我们除了数学以外更多的东西，故选B。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档。A. assign分配；B. honor尊敬；C. persuade说服；D. monitor监视。根据前文“Mr. Dena occasionally gave partner tests”可知，他会给我们进行小组测试，因此从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档，故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同学都大声祈祷不要跟我分在一组。A. reading阅读；B. singing唱歌；C. praying祈祷；D. applauding鼓掌。根据前文“I had struggled with math since fourth grade”可知，我学数学有一定的困难，因此在分组的时候，同学都大声祈祷不要跟我分在一组，故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当“幸运的”名字被挑选出来时，同学们都大笑起来。A. registered注册；B. changed改变；C. abandoned抛弃；D. picked挑选。根据前文“He drew names out of a hat”可知，Mr. Dena从帽子里抽出名字来分配搭档，因此当“幸运儿”的名字被选出来的时候，故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的搭档开玩笑说被我缠住了。A. concerned关心的；B. stuck被困的，被缠住的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. content满意的。根据前文“Students were 　　8　　 out loud that they wouldn't be paired with me.”可知，同学们都不想和我一组，因此我的搭档开玩笑说被我缠住了，我会拖累他，故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们合作得很好，并用我们在这次考试的成绩震惊了每个人。A. negotiation谈判；B. mistake错误；C. performance表现，成绩；D. standard标准。根据空后“on this test”可知，我们合作得很好，用考试的成绩震惊了每个人，故选C。 12．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我从同学那里学到了很多，并且我意识到，这也就是为什么我们有小组测试。A. when当……时候；B. why为什么；C. where哪里；D. how怎样。根据空后“we had partner tests”可知，我们进行小组测试的原因是因为我们能从搭档那里学到很多东西，故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：期末考试就是Mr. Dena对我们最后的考验，但我没能通过考试。A. decision决定；B. challenge挑战，考验；C. instruction指导；D. victory胜利。根据前文“The final exam”可知，期末考试是Mr. Dena对我们最后的考验，故选B。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他，我学习如此努力了，怎么还能在考得这么差。A. accurately准确地；B. carefully小心地；C. effortlessly不费力地；D. poorly差地。根据空后“when I had studied so hard”可知，我感到很疑惑，为什么我这么努力，考试成绩却这么差，故选D。 15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果学习没有在考试上得到回报，那终有一天会有回报的。A. give out泄露，分发；B. break down垮掉；C. turn up出现；D. pay off取得回报。根据后文“He explained it's not about the grades; it's about true understanding.”可知，Mr. Dena解释道，学习是理解，而不是分数，因此如果努力没有在测试上取得回报，那终有一天会有回报的，故选D。 16．考查介词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我知道了，学习是超出通过或者没通过考试的范围，是关乎于努力和汗水的。A. beyond超出……范围；B. within在……范围以内；C. upon在……上；D. across跨越。根据后文“studying was about hard work and effort.”可知，学习是关乎于努力和付出的，超出了通过考试或者没通过考试的范围，故选A。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我督促自己比之前更加努力了。A. praised表扬；B. defended辩护；C. pushed督促，催促；D. criticized批评。根据前文“I knew then that 　　16　　 passing or failing tests, studying was about hard work and effort.”可知，我理解到学习不是关于考试是否通过，而且关乎于努力和付出的，因此我督促自己比之前更加努力了，故选C。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：挑战数学真的改变了我看到生活中的挑战的方式。A. viewed看待；B. created创造；C. ignored忽视；D. presented呈现。根据空前“To be challenged in math really changed the way”可知，挑战数学改变了我看到生活中的挑战的方式，故选A。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Dena就是Newton描述的巨人之一。A. admires钦佩；B. establishes建立；C. measures测量；D. describes描述。根据前文“Sir Isaac Newton on his chalk board: “If I have been able to see further, it is only because I stand on the shoulders of giants.””可知，Newton说过，“如果我能看得更远，那只是因为我站在巨人肩膀上”，而作者就将Mr. Dena视为Newton描述的巨人之一，让作者看得更远，故选D。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不仅让我看到了比我想象的更多的数学改变，还让我看到了我能成为什么。A. social社会的；B. mathematical有关数学的；C. psychological心理的；D. moral道德上的。根据前文“I signed up for precalculus BC, the hardest math class. That was when I met Mr. Dena”可知，Mr. Dena是我的数学老师，因此让我看到了比我想象的更多的数学概念，故选B。 （2022·天津卷第二次）When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 1 . But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would 2 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another 3 . “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so 4 and my world came 5 down in an instant. From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 6 . With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 7 , I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) 8 way out. The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started 9 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She 10 and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 11 out of. I made a 12 not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 13 could be achieved. The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 14 why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t 15 at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 16 I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was 17 a lot that year. 18 I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 19 everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 20 inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable. 1．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly 2．A．mess up B．move on C．set out D．take off 3．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor 4．A．ashamed B．starved C．excited D．relaxed 5．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending 6．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter 7．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy 8．A．funny B．important C．easy D．traditional 9．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating 10．A．had a point B．made a change C．reached a level D．took a break 11．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb 12．A．request B．resolution C．presentation D．proposal 13．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution 14．A．figure out B．give away C．think over D．make up 15．A．aim B．smile C．wave D．shout 16．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise 17．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced 18．A．Carrying on B．Looking back C．Stepping aside D．Turning around 19．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue 20．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 16．D 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为自己单簧管演奏得不好，感到很沮丧，决定逃避，在妈妈的启发下，作者决定面对恐惧，找到老师寻求帮助，最终解决了问题，也战胜了自己的恐惧。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：年初进展顺利。A. badly严重地；B. endlessly无穷地；C. randomly随机地；D. smoothly顺利地。根据下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind.”可知，上下文为转折关系，年初进展顺利，但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。故选D项。 2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A. mess up搞砸；B. move on继续前进；C. set out动身，出发；D. take off起飞。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我似乎落后于其他同学，由此可知，我认为自己演奏的不好，会搞砸的。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A. impression印象；B. essay散文；C. story故事，情节；D. factor因素。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我演奏的不好，虽然节奏很好，但演奏不在调上，音调是另一回事，“my tone was another story”用来描述演奏不在调上。故选C项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. starved饥饿的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我为此感到羞愧。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. crashing崩溃；B. moving移动；C. selling出售；D. bending弯曲。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我感到很羞愧，感觉世界瞬间崩溃了。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且越来越糟糕。A. stricter更严格的；B. worse更糟的；C. happier更快乐的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据下文“I grew increasingly upset”可知，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，我的状态越来越糟糕。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一阵恐慌中，我请了病假。A. joy喜悦；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt疑惑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”和“With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset.”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，因为对即将到来的表演感到恐慌，所以我请了病假。故选B项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种解脱和容易的方式。A. funny有趣的；B. important重要的；C. easy容易的；D. traditional传统的。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，由此可知，我请了病假，这是一种让我解脱的容易的方式，我可以不再面对单簧管表演。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想退出。”我的眼泪开始流下来。A. drying使变干；B. disappearing消失；C. flowing流动；D. separating使分开。根据下文“why are you crying”可知，我哭了，由此可知，我的眼泪流了下来。故选C项。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. had a point有道理；B. made a change做出改变；C. reached a level达到一定水平；D. took a break休息一下。根据句中“I realized I wanted to stay in band and”可知，我意识到我想留在乐队里，由此可知，我认为妈妈的话“If you really want to quit, why are you crying?(如果你真的想退出，为什么要哭？)”说得很有道理，如果我真想退出，就不会哭。故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. send发送；B. bring带来；C. pick挑选；D. climb爬。根据句中“created a black hole”可知，我无法面对我的恐惧，就像给自己创造了一个黑洞，很难爬出来。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. request请求；B. resolution正式决定，决心；C. presentation演示；D. proposal提议。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，由此可知，我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧。故选B项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. balance平衡；B. degree程度，度数；C. position位置；D. solution解决办法。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，是为了找到解决问题的办法。故选D项。 14．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天，我见到了我的乐队老师，告诉她我有一个问题，不理解为什么会这样。A. figure out理解，想出；B. give away赠送；C. think over仔细考虑；D. make up编造。根据句中“The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem”可知，我把问题告诉老师，由此可知，我不理解为什么会这样，所以才请教老师。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有冲我大喊大叫，递给我一个新簧片。A. aim目的是；B. smile微笑；C. wave挥手；D. shout喊叫。根据句中“She asked me gently to play for her.”可知，老师温柔地让我为她演奏，由此可知，她愿意帮助我解决问题，得知我的问题后，没有冲我大喊大叫。故选D项。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常惊讶的是，我能演奏得很好。A. anger愤怒；B. sorrow悲伤；C. disappointment失望；D. surprise惊讶。根据句中“I could play well”可知，我之前一直演奏不好，突然能演奏得很好，这令我感到惊讶。故选D项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我的问题解决了，我的恐惧消除了很多。A. felt感觉到；B. shown展示；C. removed去除，使消失；D. voiced表达，吐露。根据句中“My problem was solved”可知，我的问题解决了，由此可知，我的恐惧消除了很多，不再那么害怕演奏了。故选C项。 18．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。A. Carrying on继续；B. Looking back回顾，回首往事；C. Stepping aside下台，让位；D. Turning around转身，调转方向。根据句中“I overcame my fear”可知，我克服了恐惧是发生在过去的事，由此可知，句中指回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。故选B项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。A. consume消耗；B. examine检查；C. reflect反映；D. rescue营救。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我陷入困境，无法面对生活，由此可知，恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。故选A项。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：躲避这些恐惧只会造成一个洞，让人困在里面。A. unknown未知的；B. unpunished未受惩罚的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. trapped受困的。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞，由此可知，躲避恐惧只会造成一个洞，人被困在里面。故选D项。 （2021·天津卷第二次）My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely 1 . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother 2 meditation (冥想),while I was a born 3 who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't 4 . I didn't 5 having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. 6 , I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be 7 for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough 8 my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n） 9 between us because we shared a room. At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I 10 to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and 11 practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother 12 quiet when I got home. After two days of this, my brother asked me to 13 him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song 14 ,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new 15 . I kept trying at the song, no longer getting 16 at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to 17 power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything 18 the first time and that good things come with continual 19 .I now understand why my brother favours the 20 . 1．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal 2．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned 3．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer 4．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in 5．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay 6．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory 7．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful 8．A．above B．below C．near D．without 9．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance 10．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided 11．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued 12．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted 13．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire 14．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously 15．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy 16．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited 17．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain 18．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down 19．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear 20．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety 【答案】 1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B 17．D 18．B 19．C 20．C 【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者喜欢表演，哥哥喜欢冥想，二者性格爱好完全不同，关系紧张。在作者遭遇失败时，哥哥教给他冥想，作者从中悟出了做事的哲理，取得了成功。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看起来像双胞胎，但实际上我们是完全不同的。A. mature成熟的；B. different不同的；C. content满意的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“my older brother ____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical,”哥哥喜欢冥想而作者喜欢表演，前后对比可知二者性格不同。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢；B. preferred更喜欢；C. replaced取代；D. abandoned抛弃，放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应，可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. writer作家；B. leader领导者；C. painter画家；D. performer表演者。根据“the theatrical ,even when off stage.”和下文的“in time for the trial performance”可知作者喜欢表演。故选D。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们就是合不来。A. get along相处，进展；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. show off炫耀；D. check in登记，报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be offensive.”及下文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同，作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯，可知两人相处地不好，关系紧张。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不介意和我哥哥关系紧张，因为我在学校很忙。A. try试图，努力；B. mind介意；C. enjoy欣赏，享受；D. delay推迟，延误。根据句中“because I was involved at school.”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知在学校很忙，在家依然我行我素，并不介意和哥哥的关系。故选B。 6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，我全身心地投入了音乐剧的世界。A. In particular尤其，特别；B. In vain徒劳；C. In return作为回报；D. In theory理论上。根据上文“preferred the theatrical”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知作者非常喜欢音乐。故选A。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我每天在卧室里练习唱歌，以保持最佳状态，争取角色；我哥哥会坐在靠窗的座位上冥想。A. humorous幽默的；B. ordinary普通的，平常的；C. competitive竞争的；D. grateful感激的。根据“I practised singing in the bedroom every day” 作者每天练习，可知竞争很激烈。故选C。 8．考查介词词义辨析。句意：就算没有我吵闹的歌声，他也会觉得高中已经够难的了。A. above超过，在……之上；B. below在……下面；C. near在……附近；D. without没有。哥哥经常冥想，作者认为即使没有自己吵闹的歌声，哥哥也会觉得高中很难。故选D。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以练习的空间成了我们之间的问题，因为我们共用一个房间。A. issue问题，发行；B. contrast对比，差异；C. agreement同意，一致；D. balance平衡。根据上文“a tense relationship with my brother”和句中“we shared a room.”可知练习唱歌的空间是作者和哥哥之间的问题。故选A。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次费劲地学歌，因为当我切换到头音时，我的声音嘶哑了。A. struggled奋斗，努力；B. expected预期，盼望；C. promised允诺，许诺；D. decided决定。根据“my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice”可知作者学歌很费劲。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，我很恼火，停止了练习，宣称自己已经达到了歌唱事业的顶峰。A. began开始；B. allowed允许，准许；C. stopped停止；D. continued继续。根据下文“my brother ____12____ quiet when I got home.”家里安静了，可知作者停止了练习唱歌。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回家时，哥哥多年来第一次感到安静。A. hated厌恶；B. experienced体验，经历；C. accepted接受；D. wanted想要。因为作者停止在家唱歌了，哥哥体验到了家里的安静。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样过了两天，我哥哥要我和他一起冥想。A. help帮助；B. invite邀请；C. join参加；D. admire钦佩。根据下文“I accepted”可知哥哥让作者和他一起冥想，作者同意了。故选C。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己无法优美地驾驭这首歌很生气，于是就接受了。A. gracefully优美地，优雅地；B. suddenly突然；C. fiercely猛烈地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据下文“I was able to ____17____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice.”可知作者想优美地驾驭这首歌。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我明白了这个意思，它很快就成为了我的新哲学。A. limit限度；B. sentence句子，判决；C. mistake错误；D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything ____18____ the first time and that good things come with continual ____19____.”可知作者把哥哥的话作为自己的哲学。故选D。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直试着唱这首歌，不再生自己的气了。A. rude粗鲁的；B. angry生气的；C. surprised吃惊的；D. excited兴奋的。与上文“I was annoyed in that period和my anger at my inability”呼应，可知作者开始因为自己唱不好生气，现在想明白了，不生气了。故选B。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在试演的时候，尽管换了头音，我还是能保持唱歌的能力。A. lose丢失；B. share分享；C. reduce减少；D. maintain保持。根据句中“was able to”和下文“good things come with”可知作者成功保持了唱歌的能力。故选D。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. wrong错误的；B. right正确的；C. back后面的；D. down情绪低落的。根据作者的经历和常识可知，第一次做事不一定能做好。故选B。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. luck运气；B. absence缺席；C. effort努力；D. fear害怕，担心。根据上文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”和“I kept trying at the song”可知只有不断努力才能成功。故选C。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在明白我哥哥为什么喜欢安静了。A. fight斗争，打架；B. noise噪音；C. quiet安静，和平；D. safety安全。根据上文“my older brother ____2____ meditation”“my brother would meditate on a window seat.”可知哥哥喜欢冥想，喜欢安静。故选C。 （2024·天津河东·二模）I was born without arms. My parents bought me a full-length 1 when I was a baby so I’d get comfortable with the way I looked. They never let my 2 hold me back, and it never did. Before I started school, they helped me 3 with holding a pencil in my mouth, but I 4 to use my left foot. At school, I used a desk my grandpa had 5 for me. It was 6 so I could write with my feet. The other kids quickly 7 to me and I made lots of friends. In Year 2011 I swam in the inter-house carnival and a coach encouraged me to join his squad. It 8 a passion in me for swimming, 9 I kept up when I went to the university to study business and law. By then, I 10 lived with my parents, but I did most things on my own. I drove a car with my right foot on the steering wheel and cooked meals using my feet. Meanwhile, I started doing ocean swims and I got the 11 , doing bigger swims. This peaked in me 12 a 10km swim around Old Woman Island, Qld, in April 2022. I swam freestyle with fins and rolled to breathe. I had an amazing support crew but it was seriously 13 going. When my feet 14 the sand again five hours and 11 minutes later, my family ran to hug me and we both 15 . The swim 16 $13,000 for special schools on the Sunshine Coast, Qld. If it goes some way to enable 17 with a disability to feel how I felt after that swim, then every metre, every kick was 18 . I’m 19 do it again this year! My disability has never 20 me. I have a wonderful life, a job I enjoy and a goal to reach. I just happen to have been born without arms. 1．A．armchair B．mirror C．wheelchair D．stick 2．A．responsibility B．identity C．similarity D．disability 3．A．experience B．experiment C．treatment D．movement 4．A．hated B．refused C．preferred D．returned 5．A．adjusted B．adopted C．contributed D．applied 6．A．lower B．smaller C．finer D．dearer 7．A．got mad B．got along C．got used D．got rid 8．A．spared B．separated C．compared D．sparked 9．A．which B．what C．where D．that 10．A．even B．then C．still D．ever 11．A．emotion B．ambition C．potential D．recognition 12．A．continuing B．competing C．improving D．completing 13．A．smooth B．ambiguous C．upset D．tough 14．A．walked B．patted C．touched D．hugged 15．A．shocked B．cried C．sighed D．shouted 16．A．earned B．donated C．handled D．raised 17．A．kids B．people C．men D．women 18．A．waste B．expensive C．worthwhile D．empty 19．A．set about B．set to C．set off D．set down 20．A．define B．identify C．direct D．distract 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．A 50．C 11．B 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者虽然天生没有手臂，但是没有被残疾打倒，而是乐观积极地追求自己想要的生活的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个婴儿的时候，我父母给我买了一面全身镜，这样我就能适应自己的样子。A. armchair扶手椅；B. mirror镜子；C. wheelchair轮椅；D. stick棍子。根据上文“I was born without arms”提到作者生来就没有胳膊，以及下文“so I’d get comfortable with the way I looked”提到这样作者就能适应自己的样子，此处应表示当作者还是个婴儿的时候，作者父母给他买了一面全身镜。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们从不让我的残疾阻碍我，从来没有。A. responsibility责任；B. identity身份；C. similarity相似性；D. disability残疾。根据上文“I was born without arms”提到作者生来就没有胳膊，此处应表示他们从不让作者的残疾阻碍他。故选D项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我开始上学之前，他们帮助我尝试用嘴叼铅笔，但我更喜欢用左脚。A. experience经历；B. experiment尝试，实验；C. treatment对待；D. movement移动。根据下文“with holding a pencil in my mouth”可知，此处应表示他们帮助作者尝试用嘴叼铅笔。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我开始上学之前，他们帮助我尝试用嘴叼铅笔，但我更喜欢用左脚。A. hated讨厌；B. refused拒绝；C. preferred更喜欢；D. returned返回。根据上文提到的他们帮助作者尝试用嘴叼铅笔，以及下文“to use my left foot”可知，此处应转折表示作者更喜欢用左脚。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，我使用爷爷为我调整的桌子。A. adjusted调整；B. adopted采纳；C. contributed贡献；D. applied运用，申请。根据上下文语境以及下文“It was ___6___ so I could write with my feet.”可知，此处应表示作者使用爷爷为他调整的桌子。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它较低，所以我可以用脚写字。A. lower更低的；B. smaller更小的；C. finer更好的；D. dearer更贵的。根据下文“so I could write with my feet.”可推知，此处应应表示桌子较低，所以作者可以用脚写字。故选A项。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：其他孩子很快就习惯了我，我也交了很多朋友。A. got mad生气；B. got along相处；C. got used习惯；D. got rid摆脱。根据下文“and I made lots of friends”可知，此处应表示其他孩子很快就习惯了作者，作者也交了很多朋友。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它激发了我对游泳的热情，当我去大学学习商业和法律时，我一直保持着这种热情。A. spared抽出，拿出；B. separated分离；C. compared比较；D. sparked激发。根据下文“a passion in me for swimming”以及“I kept up when I went to the university to study business and law”可知，此处应表示它激发了作者对游泳的热情。故选D项。 9．考查定语从句。句意：它激发了我对游泳的热情，当我去大学学习商业和法律时，我一直保持着这种热情。A. which哪一个；B. what什么；C. where在哪里；D. that那个。此处为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词a passion在从句中作宾语成分，用which引导。故选A项。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：那时，我仍然和父母住在一起，但我自己做大部分事情。A. even甚至；B. then那时；C. still仍然；D. ever曾经。根据下文“but I did most things on my own.”作者提到作者自己做大部分事情，由此可推知，作者那时仍然和父母住在一起。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，我开始在海里游泳，我有了雄心，要游得更远。A. emotion情感；B. ambition雄心；C. potential潜力；D. recognition识别。根据上文“I started doing ocean swims”提到作者在海里游泳，以及下文“doing bigger swims.” 可知，作者有了雄心，开始在海里游泳并且要游得更远。故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2022年4月，我完成了绕昆士兰州老妇岛10公里的游泳。A. continuing继续；B. competing竞争；C. improving提高；D. completing完成。根据句意以及下文“a 10km swim around Old Woman Island, Qld, in April 2022”可知，此处应表示作者完成了绕昆士兰州老妇岛10公里的游泳。故选D项。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一个很棒的支持团队，但这真的很艰难。A. smooth顺利的；B. ambiguous有雄心的；C. upset不安的；D. tough艰难的。根据上文“I had an amazing support crew”提到的有一个很棒的支持团队，以及此处的but转折可知，作者有一个很棒的支持团队，但还是很艰难。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：5小时11分钟后，当我的脚再次触碰到沙子时，我的家人跑过来拥抱我，我们都哭了。A. walked步行；B. patted轻拍；C. touched触摸；D. hugged拥抱。根据上文“my feet”和下文“the sand again”可知，5小时11分钟后，作者的脚再次触碰到沙子。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：5小时11分钟后，当我的脚再次触碰到沙子时，我的家人跑过来拥抱我，我们都哭了。A. shocked使震惊；B. cried哭；C. sighed叹气；D. shouted大叫。根据上文“my family ran to hug me”可推知，此处表示作者的家人跑过来拥抱作者，他们都哭了。故选B项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次游泳为昆士兰州阳光海岸的特殊学校筹集了1.3万美元。A. earned挣得；B. donated捐赠；C. handled解决，处理；D. raised筹集。根据下文“$13,000 for special schools on the Sunshine Coast, Qld.”可知，作者这次游泳为昆士兰州阳光海岸的特殊学校筹集了1.3万美元。故选D项。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果它能在某种程度上让残疾的孩子们感受我游泳后的感受，那么每一米，每一次蹬腿都是值得的。A. kids孩子们；B. people人们；C. men男人；D. women女人。根据上文“for special schools”可知，此处应表示在某种程度上让残疾的孩子们感受作者游泳后的感受。故选A项。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果它能在某种程度上让残疾的孩子们感受我游泳后的感受，那么每一米，每一次蹬腿都是值得的。A. waste浪费的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. worthwhile值得的；D. empty空的。根据上文“every metre, every kick…”可知，此处应表示作者每一米，每一次蹬腿都是值得的。故选C项。 19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：今年我打算再做一次！A. set about开始；B. set to打算；C. set off出发；D. set down写下，放置。根据下文“again this year”由此可推知，此处应表示作者今年打算再做一次。故选B项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的残疾从未定义过我。  A. define给……下定义；B. identify识别；C. direct指导；D. distract使分心。根据上文提到的作者今年打算再做一次，以及下文“I have a wonderful life, a job I enjoy and a goal to reach.”可知，此处应表示作者的残疾从未定义过他。故选A项。 （2024·天津部分区·二模）I used to be shy, but in the past two years, I’ve changed. I stepped out of my comfort zone and 1 new experiences. I’m happy that I am becoming a 2 person. I think my 3 started with a trip through Southeast Asia. At first, I was hesitant and worried about traveling 4 . I had always been comfortable in 5 surroundings and liked being surrounded by family members or friends. However, I decided to challenge myself and start this journey. During my trip, I 6 lively cities and met people from different cultures. I tried delicious food, immersing myself in local traditions, and learning basic phrases in different languages. Each day brought a new adventure and a chance to embrace the 7 . One of the most significant changes occurred when I joined a 8 program in a rural village, helping to build a school and providing support for the community. It was a(n) 9 experience that opened my eyes to the challenges faced by others and the power of collective effort of volunteers. Through this experience, I developed a deep appreciation for the importance of 10 and making a positive impact. As I continued my journey, I 11 that pushing my boundaries and seeking new experiences brought me immense personal growth. I took part in 12 activities like zip-lining (滑索), scuba diving and trekking to breathtaking viewpoints. Each adventure helped me overcome 13 and embrace the beauty of the world. Now, I am 14 for the person I have become—open-minded, adaptable, and eager to 15 change. Stepping into the unknown has helped me to 16 the diversity and richness of the world. This is a journey of exploration and 17 . Life is more than 18 routines and playing it safe. Embracing new experiences and seeking 19 have brought me fulfillment and expanded my horizons. I have gratitude for who I was, but even more excited about the person I am 20 . 1．A．provide B．decline C．accept D．describe 2．A．lucky B．brave C．clever D．caring 3．A．education B．career C．tour D．change 4．A．alone B．slowly C．together D．lightly 5．A．famous B．familiar C．strange D．dangerous 6．A．lived B．enjoyed C．hated D．explored 7．A．unknown B．unrealistic C．unheard D．uncertain 8．A．leadership B．volunteer C．research D．wellness 9．A．terrible B．awful C．valuable D．challenging 10．A．giving back B．going away C．giving up D．showing off 11．A．guessed B．announced C．realized D．disbelieved 12．A．fun B．useful C．educational D．exciting 13．A．failures B．fears C．joys D．angers 14．A．regretful B．helpful C．grateful D．thoughtful 15．A．embrace B．cause C．resist D．ignore 16．A．doubt B．deny C．promote D．discover 17．A．stop B．progress C．devotion D．expression 18．A．dealing with B．sticking to C．giving away D．agreeing with 19．A．adventure B．help C．danger D．need 20．A．hating B．avoiding C．becoming D．admiring 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 70．A 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A 16．D 17．B 18．B 19．A 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从害羞到勇敢的转变过程，通过旅行和参与志愿活动，逐渐走出舒适区，学会了接受新体验，克服恐惧，最终成为一个开放、适应性强并乐于接受变化的人。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走出了我的舒适区并接受了新体验。A. provide提供；B. decline拒绝；C. accept接受；D. describe描述。根据句中“stepped out of my comfort zone”可知，作者走出了舒适区，采取了接受新事物的态度，故选C项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我正在变成一个勇敢的人。A. lucky幸运的；B. brave勇敢的；C. clever聪明的；D. caring关心的。根据上文“I stepped out of my comfort zone”和“new experiences”可知，此处表示作者变得勇敢，故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为我的改变始于一次东南亚之旅。A. education教育；B. career职业；C. tour旅行；D. change改变。根据上文“I used to be shy, but in the past two years, I’ve changed.”以及语境可知，作者从一次东南亚之旅开始改变，故选D项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，我对独自旅行感到犹豫和担忧。A. alone独自地；B. slowly慢慢地；C. together在一起；D. lightly轻轻地。根据上文“I was hesitant and worried about traveling”以及下文“I had always been comfortable in __5__ surroundings and liked being surrounded by family members or friends.”可知，起初作者感觉到犹豫和担心，这是因为作者打算独自一人旅行，故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我总是在熟悉的环境里感到舒适，我喜欢被家人和朋友们环绕。A. famous著名的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. strange陌生的；D. dangerous危险的。根据下文“surroundings and liked being surrounded by family members or friends.”可知，作者喜欢熟悉的环境，故选B项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在旅行中，我探索了繁华的城市并遇见了来自不同文化的人。A. lived居住；B. enjoyed享受；C. hated讨厌；D. explored探索。根据下文“lively cities”和“met people from different cultures”可知，作者进行了探索活动，故选D项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一天都带来了新的冒险和拥抱未知的机会。A. unknown未知的；B. unrealistic不现实的；C. unheard未被听到的；D. uncertain不确定的。根据上文“Each day brought a new adventure”可知，每天都是新的冒险，所以对于作者来说，拥抱的是未知的事物，故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重大的变化之一发生在我加入一个农村村庄的志愿项目时，帮助建造学校并为社区提供支持。A. leadership领导力；B. volunteer志愿；C. research研究；D. wellness整体健康。根据下文“helping to build a school and providing support for the community”可知，作者参与的是志愿活动，故选B项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一次宝贵的经历，它开阔了我对他人面临的挑战和志愿者集体努力的力量的视野。A. terrible糟糕的；B. awful可怕的；C. valuable有价值的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据下文“opened my eyes to the challenges faced by others”可知，这次经历对作者来说是有积极意义的，故选C项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过这次经历，我对回馈的重要性和产生积极影响有了深刻的认识。A. giving back回馈；B. going away离开；C. giving up放弃；D. showing off炫耀。根据下文“and making a positive impact”可知，作者认识到了回馈社会的重要性，并且认识到了它所产生的积极影响，故选A项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我继续我的旅程时，我意识到推动自己的界限并寻求新体验给我带来了巨大的个人成长。A. guessed猜测；B. announced宣布；C. realized意识到；D. disbelieved不相信。根据下文“brought me immense personal growth”可知，作者意识到了走出舒适区给自己带来的成长，故选C项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我参加了滑索、潜水和徒步至绝美景点等激动人心的活动。A. fun有趣的；B. useful有用的；C. educational教育的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据下文“like zip-lining, scuba diving and trekking”以及常识可知，这些活动是令人兴奋的，故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次冒险都帮助我克服了恐惧并拥抱了世界的美丽。A. failures失败；B. fears恐惧；C. joys快乐；D. angers愤怒。根据上文“Each adventure helped me overcome”可知，作者在参加了这些活动后，成功克服了自己的恐惧，故选B项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我对我已经成为的人感到感激——开放、适应性强并渴望变化。A. regretful后悔的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. grateful感激的；D. thoughtful深思熟虑的。根据下文“open-minded, adaptable”可知，作者已经变成了一个优秀的人，对自我变化感到感激，故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：：现在，我对我已经成为的人感到感激——开放、适应性强并欣然接受变化。A. embrace欣然接受；B. cause造成；C. resist抵抗；D. ignore忽视。根据上文“open-minded, adaptable”可知，作者已经变得态度开放，所以会接受变化，并欣然接受变化。故选A项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：步入未知帮助我发现了世界的多样性和丰富性。A. doubt怀疑；B. deny否认；C. promote促进；D. discover发现。根据下文“the diversity and richness of the world”可知，作者进入了更广阔的世界后，自然会发现世界的多样性，故选D项。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一次探索和进步的旅程。A. stop停止；B. progress进步；C. devotion奉献；D. expression表达。根据上文“a journey of exploration”可知，作者认为这场旅途中充满着探索，过程中也会有进步，故选B项。 18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：生活不仅仅是坚持日常和谨慎行事。A. dealing with处理；B. sticking to坚持；C. giving away赠送；D. agreeing with同意。根据下文“routines and playing it safe”可知，作者坚持日常的例行公事，故选B项。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：拥抱新体验并寻求冒险给我带来了满足感并拓宽了我的视野。A. adventure冒险；B. help帮助；C. danger危险；D. need需求。根据上文“embracing new experiences”可知，新的经历其实就是冒险，故选A项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对过去的自己心怀感激，但对正在成为的人更加兴奋。A. hating讨厌；B. avoiding避免；C. becoming成为；D. admiring钦佩。根据上文“the person I am”可知，作者正在变成一个更好的人，故选C项。 【考点二：人与社会】 （2023·天津卷第二次）There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever. These can be moments when true character is 1 , often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.   Not long ago, I was a(n) 2 to that kind of moment. On a summer midnight, my parents and I had just 3 a long flight and started to walk through the empty airport when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground. We 4 ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began trying to 5 what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a(n) 6 information card, other passengers from the flight joined us. My parents 7 that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的) and in major need of sugar. 8 , the only thing we could find was a protein bar. We were 9 it would not be enough to save him. Just then, a young boy, Mecca, arrived at the 10 with the flight attendants(空乘人员). He quietly announced, “I have a Snickers(士力架巧克力)!” Nobody responded to him as they were in the 11 of trying to save a stranger's life. Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and 12 a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar. Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar, the man regained 13 . Mecca, a fourth grader,   14 this stranger's life! No one could have guessed that earlier that night, Mecca had just been through a 15 time. His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled, 16 him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous. His grandmother filled his backpack with candy to make him a little less 17 . When we told Mecca's parents of his 18 actions, they smiled from ear to ear. They were surprised that he had saved some candy and was able to think about the candy during the 19 . As time goes on, I remain 20 by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger's life. Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile. 1．A．created B．revealed C．introduced D．preserved 2．A．witness B．visitor C．match D．exception 3．A．caught B．confirmed C．gotten off D．put off 4．A．safely B．accidentally C．casually D．immediately 5．A．get across B．figure out C．take down D．bring up 6．A．medical B．financial C．educational D．military 7．A．recalled B．determined C．admitted D．guaranteed 8．A．Instead B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 9．A．worried B．confused C．embarrassed D．annoyed 10．A．station B．destination C．scene D．department 11．A．chaos B．possession C．habit D．direction 12．A．gave away B．set aside C．pulled out D．kept off 13．A．memory B．appetite C．independence D．consciousness 14．A．risked B．saved C．sacrificed D．respected 15．A．proper B．tough C．enjoyable D．mysterious 16．A．forcing B．urging C．reminding D．permitting 17．A．guilty B．anxious C．sensitive D．doubtful 18．A．modest B．ambitious C．heroic D．confident 19．A．flight B．operation C．performance D．emergency 100．A．relieved B．puzzled C．frustrated D．inspire 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．B 16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个乘客在机场低血糖突然倒地，陌生人们一起帮忙，其中一个年仅九岁的男孩麦加用自己的巧克力救了这个人的命。这种不期而遇的碰撞可以改变人们的生命，也可以展现出人性中最善良的一面。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些时刻可能揭示了真正的品格，通常是通过非凡英雄的善良和慷慨的行为展现出来的。A. created创造；B. revealed揭示；C. introduced引入；D. preserved保护。根据前文“There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever.”以及后文“often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.”可知，有时候，陌生人的生活会因为偶然的碰撞而交错在一起，即使他们可能永远不会再见面，他们也会永远改变。这些时刻通常是通过非凡英雄的善良和慷慨的行为展现出来的，可能揭示了真正的品格。故选B。 2．考查名次词义辨析。句意：不久以前，我也曾目睹过这样的时刻。A. witness目击者，亲历者；B. visitor访问者；C. match比赛；D. exception例外。根据后文“that kind of moment.”以及后文的内容，可知此处表示作者也是这个时刻的亲历者。故选A。 3．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：一个夏天的午夜，我和父母刚下了长途飞机，正要穿过空荡荡的机场，突然看到一位乘客摔倒在地。A. caught抓住；B. confirmed确认；C. gotten off下车；D. put off推迟。根据后文“started to walk through the empty airport”可知，作者和父母刚下飞机，走出空荡荡的机场。故选C。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们立即向他跑去。A. safely安全地；B. accidentally意外地；C. casually随意地；D. immediately立即地。根据“I saw a passenger suddenly fall to the ground.”可知，突然看到有人倒下，故作者和家人立刻跑过去。故选D。 5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的父母都是医生，他们放下了手上的东西，开始试图弄清楚到底发生了什么。A. get across理解；B. figure out弄清楚；C. take down拆除；D. bring up提出。根据前文“dropped everything and began trying to”可知，因为作者的父母放下手里的东西去弄清楚到底发生了什么。故选B。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们问他问题并寻找医疗信息卡时，航班上的其他乘客也加入了我们。A. medical医疗的；B. financial金融的；C. educational教育的；D. military军事的。根据“information card”以及后文的“the man was hypoglycaemic”可知，在男人倒下后，作者的父母询问相关的医疗信息卡，原来男人是低血糖而倒下。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这个人患有低血糖症，非常需要糖。A. recalled回忆起；B. determined决定，确定；C. admitted承认；D. guaranteed保证。根据“that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的)”可知，父母确定因为低血糖男人才倒下。故选B。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们唯一能找到的是一个蛋白质棒。A. Instead相反；B. Therefore因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。根据“the only thing we could find was a protein bar.”可知，男人倒下是因为低血糖，需要糖回升血糖，而当前只能找到一个蛋白质棒，前后构成转折关系。故选D。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们担心这不足以救他。A. worried担心的；B. confused困惑的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据“it would not be enough to save him”可知，因为当前只能找到一个蛋白质棒，因此作者和家人担心这不足以救助倒下的男人。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一个名叫麦加的小男孩和空乘人员来到了现场。A. station站；B. destination目的地；C. scene场景；D. department部门。根据“Mecca, arrived at the”可知，一个名叫麦加的小男孩和空乘人员来到了现场。故选C。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人回应他，因为他们正处于混乱之中拯救一个陌生人的生命。A. chaos混乱；B. possession拥有；C. habit习惯；D. direction方向。根据“trying to save a stranger's life”可知，因为在场的人都处于混乱之中拯救陌生人的生命，因此没人回复他。故选A。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：麦加从背包里掏出一块士力架。A. gave away赠送；B. set aside搁置；C. pulled out拉出；D. kept off避开。根据“Mecca dug deep into his backpack,”可知，麦加在背包里翻了半天，掏出一块士力架。故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：士力架代替了蛋白质棒，几秒钟后，这名男子就恢复了意识。A. memory记忆力；B. appetite食欲；C. independence独立；D. consciousness意识。根据“Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar,”可知，当士力架代替了蛋白质棒，男子血糖恢复，几秒钟后，这名男子就恢复了意识。故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年级学生麦加救了这个陌生人的命！A. risked冒险；B. saved拯救；C. sacrificed牺牲；D. respected尊敬。根据“this stranger's life”可知，四年级学生麦加救了这个陌生人的命。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人能想到，那天晚上早些时候，麦加刚刚经历了一段艰难的时期。A. proper适当的；B. tough艰难的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据后文“His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled,  ___16___ him to fly alone.”可知，他父亲的航班意外取消，迫使他独自飞行，由此可知麦加刚刚经历了一段艰难的时期。故选B。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他父亲的航班意外取消，迫使他独自飞行。A. forcing强迫，迫使；B. urging催促；C. reminding提醒；D. permitting允许。根据“His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled,”可知，由于麦加父亲的航班意外取消，由此迫使麦加独自乘坐航班。故选A。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的祖母在他的背包里装满了糖果，让他不那么焦虑。A. guilty愧疚的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据“He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous.”可知，麦加从未独自做过航班，因此祖母在其包中装满糖果不让他焦虑。故选B。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们把麦加的英勇事迹告诉他的父母时，他们笑得合不拢嘴。A. modest谦虚的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. heroic英勇的；D. confident自信的。根据前文“Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and ___12___ a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar.”可知，作者将麦加救助低血糖男人的英雄过程告诉了麦加的父母。故选C。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们都很惊讶，麦加还存了一些糖果，在紧急情况下还能想到糖果。A. flight航班；B. operation手术；C. performance表演；D. emergency紧急情况。根据前文麦加递送士力架给作者的父亲以及“was able to think about the candy”可知，麦加的父母很惊讶，在低血糖男子倒下的紧急情况下麦加还能想到糖果。故选D。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的流逝，目睹一个九岁的孩子救了一个陌生人的生命的经历仍然激励着我。A. relieved放心的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. inspired激励的。根据“Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile.”可知，在经历此事后，直到今天，麦加的善良仍然让作者微笑，由此一个九岁的孩子麦加拯救陌生人的经历激励着作者。故选D。 （2023·天津卷第一次）In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895 meters above sea level. After months of preparation, I started my great 1 .At the base of the mountain, I met Mik, a local porter, who warmly 2 me. Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent (帐篷), and carry everything back down after reaching the 3 . Mik stood about 1.6 meters tall. I was 4 with a pack nearly as tall as his whole body. Just imagine this little man with the huge equipment 5 on his head. The first day of the climb was 6 the rain forest, across a slippery (滑的), muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓). Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3, 000 meters. The air was 7 and it was colder. When I arrived at the campsite for the night, my tent was already set up and 8 me. Day two was much steeper (陡峭的) and rockier. I really had to 9 what I was doing. And I felt guilty for the tough.   10 Mik had to work in Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile, “Polle, polle, ”which means“ 11 , take it easy” in his native language. I 12 back, my burden lighter somehow. Over the next five days, the climb got 13 difficult. The temperatures could 14 from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours. At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen 15 in each breath compared to at sea level. That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik remained 16 . He always had a smile and a positive 17 .It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the 18 to keep going. Even today, when I find myself 19 with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even 20 stranger to the top of a mountain. 1．A．performance B．business C．presentation D．adventure 2．A．questioned B．congratulated C．greeted D．invited 3．A．base B．peak C．forest D．border 4．A．covered B．equipped C．occupied D．treated 5．A．balanced B．exposed C．displayed D．folded 6．A．outside B．beside C．through D．over 7．A．thinner B．softer C．drier D．sweeter 8．A．looking after B．pointing to C．resting on D．waiting for 9．A．focus on B．comment on C．inquire into D．break into 10．A．locations B．conditions C．atmosphere D．competition 11．A．stop B．hurry C．relax D．move 12．A．ran B．talked C．smiled D．rode 13．A．slightly B．increasingly C．automatically D．equally 14．A．swing B．circle C．climb D．last 15．A．predictable B．available C．noticeable D．affordable 16．A．ambitious B．modest C．thankful D．cheerful 17．A．direction B．advantage C．attitude D．relationship 18．A．impression B．platform C．opportunity D．strength 19．A．cooperating B．struggling C．associating D．communicating 20．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend 【答案】 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．B 16．D 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山的经历，并强调了保持积极态度的重要性。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的准备，我开始了我伟大的冒险。A. performance表现、表演；B. business生意；C. presentation介绍；D. adventure冒险。根据上文“In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895 meters above sea level.”可知，作者决定攀登非洲最高峰，这自然是冒险。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在山脚下，我遇到了当地的搬运工Mik，他热情地和我打招呼。A. questioned质疑；B. congratulated祝贺；C. greeted欢迎；D. invited邀请。根据“a local porter”可知，Mik是搬运工，那么自然在山脚迎接作者。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mik的工作是把我的设备搬上山，支好帐篷，到达山顶后再把所有东西搬下来。A. base底部、基地；B. peak顶峰；C. forest森林；D. border边界。根据上文“Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent (帐篷), and carry everything back down”可知，Mik需要帮助作者把东西搬上去，然后到达山顶再卸下来。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我佩带的背包几乎和他的整个身体一样高。A. covered覆盖；B. equipped配备；C. occupied占据；D. treated对待。根据“with a pack nearly as tall as his whole body”可知，作者登山所装备的物品。短语：be equipped with，意为“装备有……”，符合句意。故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以想象这个小个子男人头顶着巨大的装备，却依然保持着平衡的样子。A. balanced平衡；B. exposed暴露；C. displayed展示；D. folded折叠。根据前文“Just imagine this little man with the huge equipment”和句意可知，Mik是个搬运工，所以他不仅要头顶着装备，还得保持平衡。故选A。 6．考查介词词义辨析。句意：攀爬的第一天要穿过热带雨林，穿过一片长满树根和藤蔓的湿滑泥泞的地面。A. outside在……外；B. beside在……旁；C. through通过；D. over超越。根据空后的“the rain forest, across a slippery (滑的), muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓).”可知，空处指的是“穿过”热带雨林，从内部穿过，用介词through。故选C。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：空气更稀薄，也更冷。A. thinner更稀薄；B. softer更软；C. drier更干燥；D. sweeter更甜蜜。根据前文“ Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3, 000 meters.”和常理可知，越往山上走，空气越稀薄。故选A。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我到达露营地过夜时，我的帐篷已经搭好了，正等着我。A. looking after照顾；B. pointing to指向；C. resting on依靠；D. waiting for等待。根据上文的“my tent was already set up”可知，作者的帐篷已经搭好了，所以应该是在等着作者。故选D。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我必须专注于我正在做的事情。A. focus on专注于；B. comment on评论；C. inquire into调查；D. break into闯入、突然发出。根据空前的“Day two was much steeper (陡峭的) and rockier.”可知，路很难走，所以作者得专注。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对Mik不得不在这样艰苦的条件下工作感到内疚。A. locations方位；B. conditions条件；C. atmosphere氛围；D. competition竞赛。根据上文“Day two was much steeper(陡峭的)and rockier”可知，作者是对于Mik不得不在这样艰苦的条件下工作而感到内疚。故选B。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我转向Mik时，他面带笑容地说：“Polle，Polle”，在他的母语中，意思是“放松，放轻松”。A. stop停下；B. hurry急忙；C. relax放松；D. move移动。根据空后的“take it easy”可推测，空处指的是放松。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也报以微笑，我的负担不知怎么减轻了。A. ran跑；B. talked谈论；C. smiled笑；D. rode骑行。根据上文“Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile,”可知，Mik是在对着作者笑，因此空处指的是作者也对着Mik笑。故选C。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的五天里，攀登变得越来越困难。A. slightly稍微；B. increasingly逐渐地、越来越……；C. automatically自动地；D. equally同样地。根据“The temperatures could ___14___from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours. ”和常识可知，越往上攀爬越困难。故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几小时内，气温就会从21摄氏度降到冰点以下。A. swing摇摆；B. circle转圈；C. climb爬；D. last持续。根据空后的“from 21°C to below freezing in a few hours.”可知，空处指的是气温的变化。故选A。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在海拔5700米的地方，每次呼吸所含的氧气只有海平面的一半。A. predictable可预测的；B. available可利用的、可得到的；C. noticeable显而易见的；D. affordable承担得起的。根据空前“At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen”可知，空处指的是在海拔5700米的地方的氧气含量只有海平面的一半。故选B。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Mik仍然很高兴。A. ambitious有雄心的；B. modest谦虚的；C. thankful感激的；D. cheerful高兴的。根据下文“He always had a smile and a positive  ___17___  .”可知，Mik一直都表现得很高兴。故选D。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他总是面带微笑，态度积极。A. direction方向；B. advantage优点；C. attitude态度；D. relationship关系。根据空前“He always had a smile”以及下文“A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even___20___stranger to the top of a mountain.”可知，Mik拥有积极的生活态度。故选C。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它对我产生了巨大的影响，给了我继续前进的力量。A. impression印象；B. platform月台、平台；C. opportunity机会；D. strength力气。根据下文“A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even ___20___ stranger to the top of a mountain.”可知，Mik积极的态度对作者有很大的影响，激励作者前行，也就是给了作者前行的力量。故选D。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，当我发现自己在生活中挣扎时，我也会想起Mik和他的微笑。A. cooperating合作；B. struggling挣扎；C. associating联系；D. communicating交流。根据下文“with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile”和上文内容可知，作者爬山是冒险，也就是在挣扎；由此可知，作者指的是即便在现在，只要作者很辛苦地挣扎时，作者都会想到Mik。故选B。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：良好的态度可以给你周围的人带来快乐，甚至可以激励陌生人登上山顶。A. persuade劝服；B. introduce介绍；C. motivate激励；D. recommend推荐。根据上文“It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the ___18___ to keep going.”可知，Mik的态度一直激励着作者继续前行。故选C。 （2021·天津卷第一次）For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 1 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 2 took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 3 . For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 4 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 5 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed 6 to get to work? With that thought in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 8 to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again 9 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 10 to buy one. The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 11 bicycles. Then came more than 500 12 for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 13 to their owners. Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 14 struggling. 15 simply satisfying a material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes. In addition to 16 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community. 17 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment. "It's a really great 18 for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is certainly providing a 19 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the 20 that he can make on people." 1．A．amazed B．mad C．curious D．frightened 2．A．emotions B．career C．opinions D．route 3．A．ever B．together C．instead D．yet 4．A．ride B．lock C．repair D．replace 5．A．lack B．variety C．increase D．quality 6．A．instruction B．qualification C．transportation D．permission 7．A．came up with B．stuck to C．gave up D．broke away from 8．A．remembered B．refused C．hesitated D．offered 9．A．by accident B．in advance C．for free D．on credit 10．A．profit B．budget C．courage D．excuse 11．A．shared B．used C．expensive D．modern 12．A．enquiries B．advertisements C．notices D．announcements 13．A．exported B．sold C．lent D．returned 14．A．hardly B．slightly C．truly D．instantly 15．A．Without B．Beyond C．Upon D．Among 16．A．practical B．commercial C．mathematical D．social 17．A．Otherwise B．However C．Somehow D．Meanwhile 18．A．promise B．celebration C．comfort D．experience 19．A．competition B．service C．ceremony D．suggestion 20．A．compromise B．impression C．impact D．progress 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．A 17．D 18．D 19．B 20．C 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，得到了邻居的赞赏。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”可知发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B. together一起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现自己的车被偷，Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C. transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。 9．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都是免费的。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B. budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B. advertisements广告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询问详细信息的询问。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their owners”指修好的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B. slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。 15．考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了满足物质需求，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without没有；B. Beyond除……之外；超过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes”可知，不仅满足了物质上的需求，还提供了学习如何修理自行车的机会。故选B。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。 17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，所以他提供的是服务。故选B。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影响”。故选C。 （2024·天津河西·三模）Only positive thinking is not enough to attain our goals. Our 1 act as beacons (灯塔) that tell us where we want to go, but we need some “negative” thinking to light up that 2 and to expose the obstacles we will face along the way. In the 2008 summer Olympics, Michael Phelps was ready to 3 his own record for the 200-meter butterfly swimming race. After Phelps’s first turn, his goggles (游泳镜) 4 water and he couldn’t see. To stop and 5 his goggles would mean disqualification. 6 without his sight, how was he supposed to know exactly when to turn? This misfortune could cost Phelps 7 seconds each lap (圈). So, what did he do? Had he done anything to 8 him for this moment? Yes. Phelps had been practicing something he 9 for himself: negative visioning. During his training. Phelps had already imagined in 10 how he would respond in this moment of crisis. He already knew 11 how many strokes (划水) he would take before he reached the next wall. So, though unable to see, he 12 his strokes and made quick turns. And at last he won the gold medal. In psychology, the 13 of balancing learned optimism with practical realism — or acting against the 14 thought with the “negative” one —is called “mental contrasting”. It 15 us to lower our strong expectations about a (n) 16 outcome. So we can make wiser 17 and maintain motivation while working toward our goals. Mental contrasting can make sure we consider realistic obstacles when 18 our plan for the future. In this way, the obstacles in our way 19 us to think more critically and 20 become the means by which we achieve our goals in the first place. 1．A．concepts B．evaluations C．dreams D．wishes 2．A．life B．night C．situation D．path 3．A．break B．establish C．hold D．write 4．A．shut off B．stood against C．filled with D．took on 5．A．neglect B．adjust C．update D．remove 6．A．and B．but C．as D．if 7．A．slow B．memorable C．precious D．short 8．A．prepare B．rescue C．refresh D．control 9．A．contributed B．discovered C．kept D．created 10．A．fact B．turn C．detail D．addition 11．A．partly B．precisely C．generally D．rapidly 12．A．counted B．imagined C．designed D．remembered 13．A．trial B．task C．effort D．practice 14．A．original B．deep C．positive D．strange 15．A．requires B．allows C．urges D．commands 16．A．unrealistic B．accidental C．desired D．delayed 17．A．reforms B．decisions C．budgets D．progressions 18．A．supporting B．explaining C．transforming D．developing 19．A．warm B．lead C．remind D．forbid 20．A．eventually B．astonishingly C．abruptly D．secretly 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．C 17．B 18．D 19．B 20．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在2008年夏季奥运会上，迈克尔·菲尔普斯200米蝶泳比赛中遭遇突发情况，他的游泳镜充满了水，导致他看不见，无法知道什么时候转弯。此时的菲尔普斯凭借着平时的训练为自己创造的东西：消极想象，清楚地知道自己将如何应对。虽然看不见，他还是快速地转身，最后他赢得了金牌。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的梦想就像灯塔，告诉我们要去哪里，但我们需要一些“消极”的想法来照亮这条道路，并暴露我们将面临的障碍。A. concepts概念；B. evaluations评价；C. dreams梦想；D. wishes愿望。根据上文“Only positive thinking is not enough to attain our goals.”提到实现目标，以及下文“beacons that tell us where we want to go”提到灯塔告诉我们要去哪里，由此可知，此处应表示我们的梦想就像灯塔，告诉我们要去哪里。故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的梦想就像灯塔，告诉我们要去哪里，但我们需要一些“消极”的想法来照亮这条道路，并暴露我们将面临的障碍。A. life生命；B. night夜晚；C. situation情况；D. path小路，小径。根据下文“and to expose the obstacles we will face along the way.”提到暴露我们将面临的障碍，由此可知，此处应表示我们需要一些“消极”的想法来照亮这条道路。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在2008年夏季奥运会上，迈克尔·菲尔普斯准备在200米蝶泳比赛中打破自己保持的纪录。A. break打破；B. establish建立；C. hold举办；D. write写。 根据句意以及下文“his own record for the 200-meter butterfly swimming race”由此可知，此处应表示迈克尔·菲尔普斯准备在200米蝶泳比赛中打破自己保持的纪录。break one’s record“打破纪录”。故选A项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在菲尔普斯第一次转身后，他的游泳镜充满了水，他看不见了。A. shut off关闭；B. stood against公开反对；C. filled with充满；D. took on呈现。根据下文“and he couldn’t see”由此可知，此处应表示他的游泳镜充满了水，他看不见了。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：停下来调整他的游泳镜意味着取消资格。A. neglect忽视；B. adjust调整；C. update更新；D. remove移除。根据上文“After Phelps’s first turn, his goggles (游泳镜) __4__ water and he couldn’t see.”提到他的游泳镜充满了水，他看不见了，由此可知，此处应表示停下来调整他的游泳镜。故选B项。 6．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但他看不见了，怎么知道什么时候转弯呢？A. and和；B. but但是；C. as当……时候；D. if如果。根据下文“without his sight, how was he supposed to know exactly when to turn”可知，此处应表示转折语气，但是他看不见了，怎么知道什么时候转弯呢？故选B项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种不幸可能会让菲尔普斯每圈损失宝贵的几秒钟。A. slow缓慢的；B. memorable难忘的；C. precious宝贵的；D. short短的。根据句意以及下文“seconds each lap”可知，此处应表示这种不幸可能会让菲尔普斯每圈损失宝贵的几秒钟。故选C项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他为这一刻做了什么准备吗？A. prepare准备；B. rescue营救；C. refresh使恢复精神；D. control控制。根据上文“So, what did he do?”以及下文“Phelps had been practicing something he ____9____ for himself: negative visioning.”可知，此处应表示他为这一刻做了什么准备。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：菲尔普斯一直在练习他为自己创造的东西：消极想象。A. contributed贡献；B. discovered发现；C. kept保持；D. created创造。根据句意以及下文“negative visioning.”可知，此处应表示菲尔普斯一直在练习他为自己创造的东西：消极想象。故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲尔普斯已经详细地设想了在这个危机时刻他将如何应对。A. fact事实；B. turn转向；C. detail详细；D. addition补充。根据下文how he would respond in this moment of crisis.”可知，此处应表示他已经详细地设想了在这个危机时刻他将如何应对。故选C项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他已经准确地知道要划多少次才能到达下一堵墙。A. partly部分地；B. precisely准确地；C. generally普遍地；D. rapidly快速地。根据下文“how many strokes he would take before he reached the next wall.”提到划多少次才能到达下一堵墙，由此可知，此处应表示他已经准确地知道要划多少次才能到达下一堵墙。故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，虽然看不见，他还是数着自己的划水动作，快速地转身。A. counted数；B. imagined想象；C. designed设计；D. remembered记得。根据上文提到的已经准确地知道要划多少次才能到达下一堵墙，以及下文“his strokes and made quick turns”可知，此处应表示他数着自己的划水动作，快速地转身。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在心理学中，平衡习得的乐观主义和实际的现实主义——或者用“消极”的想法来反对积极的想法——的做法被称为“心理对比”。A. trial实验；B. task任务；C. effort努力；D. practice实践，通常做法。根据句意以及下文“of balancing learned optimism with practical realism”由此可知，此处应表示平衡习得的乐观主义和实际的现实主义。故选D项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在心理学中，平衡习得的乐观主义和实际的现实主义——或者用“消极”的想法来反对积极的想法——的做法被称为“心理对比”。A. original原始的；B. deep深的；C. positive积极的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“thought with the “negative” one —is called “mental contrasting”.”由此可知，此处应表示或者用“消极”的想法来反对积极的想法——的做法被称为“心理对比”。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它使我们能够降低对期望结果的强烈期待。A. requires要求；B. allows允许；C. urges督促；D. commands命令。根据句意以及下文“... us to lower our strong expectations”可知，此处应表示它使我们能够降低对期望结果的强烈期待。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事”。故选B项。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它使我们能够降低对期望结果的强烈期待。A. unrealistic不现实的；B. accidental偶然地；C. desired渴望的；D. delayed延迟的。根据上文提到的用“消极”的想法来降低对期望结果的强烈期待，以及上文“lower our strong expectations”可知，此处应表示它使我们能够降低对期望结果的强烈期待。故选C项。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们可以做出更明智的决定，并在朝着目标努力的同时保持动力。A. reforms改革；B. decisions决定；C. budgets预算；D. progressions进步。根据下文“and maintain motivation while working toward our goals.”提到朝着目标努力的同时保持动力，由此可知，此处应表示我们可以做出更明智的决定。故选B项。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：心理对比可以确保我们在制定未来计划时考虑到现实的障碍。A. supporting支持；B. explaining解释；C. transforming改变；D. developing发展。根据句意以及下文“our plan for the future”可知，此处应表示心理对比可以确保我们在制定未来计划时考虑到现实的障碍。故选D项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，我们前进道路上的障碍引导我们更加批判性地思考，并最终成为我们实现目标的手段。A. warm温暖；B. lead引导；C. remind提醒；D. forbid禁止。根据上文“the obstacles in our way”以及下文“…us to think more critically”由此可知，此处应表示前进道路上的障碍引导我们更加批判性地思考。故选B项。 20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，我们前进道路上的障碍引导我们更加批判性地思考，并最终成为我们实现目标的手段。A. eventually最终；B. astonishingly惊讶地；C. abruptly突然地；D. secretly秘密地。根据下文“become the means by which we achieve our goals in the first place.”由此可知，此处应表示最终成为我们实现目标的手段。故选A项。 （2024·天津和平·二模）Alone in my office one afternoon, I unpeeled (打开) the wrapper from a square of chocolate with a deliberate curiosity. The words printed inside the wrapper 1 “Accept a compliment.” I would normally not say yes to 2 from strangers who work in the marketing department of Dove Chocolate. But they aren’t 3 in their advice: Come on women. Quit being apologists. 4 accept the compliments you deserve—without any self-deprecation (自我贬低) or changing of the subject. Until this point, I would have responded to a compliment with half 5 and half distraction—“Thanks, but…”. However, a simple “thank you” was not my style, I decided to 6 it. Walking home from work, I 7 a neighbor on the street. I smiled and waved as we neared each other. She waved back and shouted, “I like your dress!” I assumed this was an opportunity to 8 the new way to accept compliments and simply said, “Thank you.” An awkward 9 followed. When we started again, Her eyes acquired a(n) 10 look. “It’s appropriate,” she said. “I like it when people dress appropriately.” “Oh. Ugh,” I was 11 for words and continued my walk home, embarrassed. What had I 12 by failing to add a remark about how old or inexpensive my clothing was? The answer: a coded linguistic (语言的) invitation. Up until that candy wrapper advice, I hadn’t 13 the purpose of. compliments. According to experts, two-thirds of the time, people 14 to compliments with something in addition to “Thank you.” We   15 credit( “My mom picked this dress out for me.”), make a historical comment ( “I bought it on sale.”), or question the complimenter ( “Hmm; you think/so?”). Other times we 16 the compliment ( “This thing is so old I was about to give it to Goodwill.”), or treat the compliment as a 17 ( “You want to borrow it?”) 18 , the compliment is a coded invitation to chat, and “Thank you” linguistically slams the door in the complimenter’s face. In trying out the supposed right way to accept a compliment, I learned what such a pleasant commentary really signals for people: connection and 19 . I have since returned to my previous ways, which is to add a little P. S. after saying “Thank you.” 20 , I would be missing the big point of small talk. 1．A．read B．inform C．perform D．sign 2．A．invitations B．presentations C．predictions D．suggestions 3．A．afraid B．alone C．ready D．serious 4．A．Fully B．Partially C．Shortly D．Specially 5．A．congratulation B．acknowledgement C．instruction D．judgement 6．A．forget B．deny C．try D．review 7．A．promised B．challenged C．imagined D．encountered 8．A．handle B．neglect C．practice D．share 9．A．gesture B．silence C．manner D．sound 10．A．determined B．strict C．worried D．innocent 11．A．meant B．intended C．prepared D．lost 12．A．applied B．changed. C．mentioned D．missed 13．A．given much thought to B．put an end to C．taken a look at D．made every effort with 14．A．respond B．object C．attend D．answer 15．A．obtain B．ignore C．loosen D．shift 16．A．downgrade B．highlight C．update D．underline 17．A．method B．request C．permission D．discipline 18．A．In other words B．A’s a result C．In addition D．After all 19．A．appreciation B．conversation C．expression D．inspiration 20．A．Besides B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．D 12．D 13．A 14．A 15．D 16．A 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者接受陌生人的建议，只用简单的“谢谢”来接受他人的赞美，结果发现这样也就失去了与他人继续闲聊的话题，于是又回到了以前的方式。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：包装纸里印着“接受赞美”的字样。A. read阅读，写着；B. inform通知；C. perform表演；D. sign签字。根据上文“The words printed inside the wrapper”指纸张上写着，印着应用动词read，为固定用法。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我通常不会答应在德芙巧克力市场部工作的陌生人的建议。A. invitations邀请；B. presentations展示；C. predictions预测；D. suggestions建议。根据上文“Accept a compliment(接受赞美)”是陌生人给出的建议。故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这不是唯一的建议：加油，女人。别再做道歉了。A. afraid害怕的；B. alone单独的；C. ready准备好的；D. serious严肃的。后文“Come on women. Quit being apologists.”还有其他的建议，可知上文“接受赞美”并不是单独的建议。故选B。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：完全接受你应得的赞美——不要自嘲，也不要转移话题。A. Fully完全地；B. Partially不完全地；C. Shortly不久；D. Specially特别地。根据后文“accept the compliments you deserve—without any self-deprecation or changing of the subject”可知，给出的建议是完全接受你应得的赞美——不要自嘲，也不要转移话题。故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此之前，我对赞美的回应是半感谢半分心——“谢谢，但是……”。A. congratulation祝贺；B. acknowledgement承认；C. instruction指示；D. judgement判断。根据后文“and half distraction—“Thanks, but…”.”可知，作者之前对赞美的回应是半感谢半分心——“谢谢，但是……”。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，一句简单的“谢谢”不是我的风格，我决定试一试。A. forget忘记；B. deny否认；C. try尝试；D. review回顾。根据后文“the new way to accept compliments and simply said, “Thank you.””作者接受邻居的赞美，可知作者决定尝试一下只说“谢谢”。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下班回家的路上，我在街上遇到了一个邻居。A. promised承诺；B. challenged挑战；C. imagined想象；D. encountered遇见。根据后文“a neighbor on the street”指在街上遇到邻居。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为这是一个练习接受赞美的新方法的机会，于是就简单地说了声“谢谢”。A. handle处理；B. neglect忽视；C. practice练习；D. share分享。根据后文“the new way to accept compliments”可知，作者认为邻居的话是一个练习接受赞美的新方法的机会，故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：接着是一阵尴尬的沉默。A. gesture姿势；B. silence沉默；C. manner礼貌；D. sound声音。根据上文“An awkward”可知，作者只说了“谢谢”，然后出现了尴尬的沉默。故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们再次出发时，她的眼睛呈现出一种非常天真的神情。A. determined坚定的；B. strict严格的；C. worried担心的；D. innocent无辜的。根据后文““It’s appropriate,” she said.(“这很合适，”她说)”可知，邻居对于作者接受赞美的做法觉得很合适，因此眼睛呈现出一种非常天真的神情。故选D。 11．考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：我不知该说什么好，尴尬地继续往家走。A. meant意味着；B. intended打算；C. prepared准备；D. lost丢失，迷失的。根据后文“for words and continued my walk home, embarrassed”可知，作者一时无语，尴尬地继续往家走。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有加上一句关于我的衣服有多旧或多便宜的评论，我错过了什么？A. applied应用；B. changed改变；C. mentioned提及；D. missed错过。根据后文“by failing to add a remark about how old or inexpensive my clothing was”可知，作者没有加上一句对自己衣服的评价，反思自己是不是错过了什么，后文“The answer: a coded linguistic invitation.”给出答案。故选D。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：直到那个糖果包装纸的建议出现之前，我都没怎么想过赞美的目的。A. given much thought to认真思考；B. put an end to结束；C. taken a look at看一眼；D. made every effort with尽一切努力。根据后文“the purpose of compliments”可知，直到那个糖果包装纸的建议出现之前，作者都没怎么想过赞美的目的。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：据专家称，三分之二的情况下，人们对赞美的回应除了“谢谢”就没有了。A. respond回答；B. object反对；C. attend参加；D. answer回答。根据后文“to compliments with something in addition to “Thank you.””指人们对赞美的回应除了“谢谢”就没有了。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们互相推托(“这件衣服是我妈妈给我挑的。”)，评论一下历史(“我在打折时买的。”)，或者质疑赞美者(“嗯；你认为/所以吗?”)。A. obtain获得；B. ignore忽视；C. loosen变松；D. shift转换。后文“My mom picked this dress out for me.”是对赞美的推托，即把赞美转移到他人身上，用shift符合语境。故选D。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他时候，我们会贬低赞美(“这东西太旧了，我都想把它捐给慈善机构了。”)，或者把赞美当成请求(“你想借吗?”) A. downgrade降级；B. highlight突出；C. update更新；D. underline划线。后文“This thing is so old I was about to give it to Goodwill.( 这东西太旧了，我都准备捐给慈善机构了。)”是对赞美的贬低，故选A。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他时候，我们会降低赞美的等级(“这东西太旧了，我都想把它捐给慈善机构了。”)，或者把赞美当成请求(“你想借吗?”) A. method方法；B. request要求；C. permission允许；D. discipline纪律。根据后文“You want to borrow it?”指把对方的赞美当做请求，故选B。 18．考查介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，赞美是一个暗含的聊天邀请，而“谢谢”在语言上把赞美者拒之门外。A. In other words换句话说；B. As a result因此；C. In addition此外；D. After all毕竟。后文“the compliment is a coded invitation to chat, and “Thank you” linguistically slams the door in the complimenter’s face.”主要是对上文赞美暗示的含义进行总结，即“换句话说”。故选A。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在尝试被认为是正确的接受赞美的方式时，我明白了这样一个愉快的评论对人们真正意味着什么：联系和对话。A. appreciation感激；B. conversation对话；C. expression表达；D. inspiration鼓舞。根据后文“I would be missing the big point of small talk.”可知，作者认为评论意味着联系和对话，故选B。 20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：否则，我就错过了闲聊的重要意义。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“I have since returned to my previous ways, which is to add a little P. S. after saying “Thank you.”(从那以后，我又回到了以前的方式，那就是在说“谢谢”之后加上一点附言。)”可知，作者回到了以前的方式，否则自己就会错过闲聊。故选C。 【考点三：人与自然】 （2024·天津南开·二模）Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology (中国科学院动物研究所) was not able to talk until he was 4 years old because of the way his brain processes sensory information. This 1 him “strange” in some people’s minds. So, he didn’t have friends who were around his age. This led him to turn his 2 to nonhuman things around him. He became fascinated (着迷) by the world of 3 . “The 4 time of my childhood was in the farm fields,” says Chen. “I squatted (蹲下) there, 5 the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of 6 about this world.” These experiences 7 a seed in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has 8 life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new 9 , living and extinct, many of which are named 10 him. “I was a child who was ‘cured’ by 11 ,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to 12 the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals, including insects. I wanted to start classes to bring children to learn in the open air and 13 the gifts nature endows (赋予).” These aspirations (愿望) led him to recently 14 the popular-science book, Du Chong Ji (Reading About Insects). It’s a continuation of a mission he began to act upon 15 a freshman in 2006, when he started a(n) 16 for people interested in insects at Nanjing Agricultural University. He often 17 for members to visit the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, to 18 insects. His organization 19 had nearly 600 members. After graduating in 2010, Chen was 20 to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences to complete his doctorate in zoology. In 2016, he was recruited (录用) by the Institute of Zoology of the CAS. 1．A．got B．dreamed C．did D．made 2．A．face B．attention C．movement D．back 3．A．herbs B．farming C．pets D．insects 4．A．hardest B．shortest C．happiest D．forgettable 5．A．observing B．playing C．organizing D．ruling 6．A．curiosity B．guilty C．care D．hope 7．A．planted B．liked C．had D．melted 8．A．came out B．brought out C．got down D．engaged in 9．A．countries B．species C．columns D．wastes 10．A．out B．after C．on D．over 11．A．parents B．doctor C．nature D．heart 12．A．reach B．relate C．find D．share 13．A．experience B．wave C．compare D．create 14．A．consume B．publish C．raise D．polish 15．A．as B．about C．with D．under 16．A．test B．research C．association D．newspaper 17．A．arranged B．cycled C．dealt D．drilled 18．A．get through B．knock off C．put out D．look for 19．A．occasionally B．eventually C．precisely D．barely 20．A．admitted B．inspired C．connected D．selected 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．A 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了37岁的中国科学院动物研究所研究员陈睿的成长经历，他幼时开始沉迷于大自然，并最终在动物学研究领域取得卓越成就。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这使他在一些人的心目中显得“奇怪”。A. got得到；B. dreamed梦想着；C. did做；D. made使；制作。本句主语This指代上文“…was not able to talk until he was 4 years old because of the way his brain processes sensory information.”，由此可知，四岁还不会说话会使得人们认为他很怪异。故选D项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这使他把注意力转向了他周围的非人类事物。A. face脸；面子；B. attention注意力；C. movement动作；运动；D. back后面，后背。本句主语This指代上一句“So, he didn’t have friends who were around his age.”，由此可知，他没有同龄朋友，不和他人交往，那么他就去关注自然界的事物。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被昆虫的世界迷住了。A. herbs草药；B. farming耕种；农业；C. pets宠物；D. insects昆虫。根据下文“I squatted (蹲下) there, 　　5　　 the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low.”可知，他是对昆虫着迷。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我童年最快乐的时光是在农田里，”陈睿说。A. hardest最艰难的；最硬的；B. shortest最短的；最矮的；C. happiest最快乐的；D. forgettable易被忘记的。根据上文“He became fascinated (着迷) by the world of insects .””及下文“I squatted (蹲下) there, 　　5　　 the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of 　　6　　 about this world.”可知，他对自然界的一切是热爱的，所以他在田野里度过的应该是快乐的时光。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我蹲在那里，观察昆虫的活动，包括蚂蚁筑巢，蚱蜢啃草和蜻蜓低飞。A. observing观察；庆祝；遵守；B. playing玩耍；播放；演奏；C. organizing组织；D. ruling统治。根据后面宾语“the activities of insects, including ants building their homes, grasshoppers nibbling grass and dragonflies flying low.”可知，这些昆虫的活动应该是他蹲着观察到的。故选A项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对它们的活动有很多疑问，对这个世界充满了好奇。A. curiosity好奇心；求知欲；B. guilty罪恶；愧疚；C. care关爱；D. hope希望。根据上文“I had so many questions about their activities”可知，他内心有很多疑问，所以他应该是对动物的世界是充满好奇的。故选A项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些经历在他心中播下了一颗种子。A. planted种植；B. liked喜欢；C. had拥有；D. melted融化。根据其宾语“a seed”可知，在内心种下一颗种子，这里指一个梦想。故选A项。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几十年后的今天，他是一位在五大洲近100个国家和地区从事生命科学研究的学者。A. came out出来；被出版；B. brought out带出来；展现出；C. got down下来；专注于；D. engaged in从事。根据后面宾语“life-science investigations”可知，短语从事……的研究engaged in符合语境。故选D项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他发现了大约100个新物种，现存的和灭绝的，其中许多都是以他的名字命名的。A. countries国家；B. species物种；C. columns栏目；D. wastes废物。根据上文“he’s a scholar who has engaged in life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents.”可知，他从事生命科学研究，该空名词作动词found的宾语，后面形容词定语living and extinct，应是他发现的新物种。故选B项。 10．考查介词和副词词义辨析。句意：他发现了大约100个新物种，现存的和灭绝的，其中许多都是以他的名字命名的。A. out向外；B. after在……之后；C. on在……之上；关于；D. over结束。固定短语be named after...意为“以……的名字命名”符合语境。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我是一个被大自然‘治愈’的孩子，”他说。A. parents父母；B. doctor医生；C. nature自然；D. heart心；心脏。前文说他小时候语言能力发育迟缓，被人认为怪异，没有朋友，后来他沉迷于大自然，倾心研究动植物，最终成为学者，根据后文“the power of nature”可知，他认为自己是被大自然治愈的。故选C项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想长大后与更多的年轻人分享大自然的力量，普及对包括昆虫在内的动物的了解。A. reach到达；联系；够到；B. relate联系；C. find发现；D. share分享。根据后面“the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals, including insects.”可知，他本人热爱大自然，此处指他愿意和年轻人分享大自然的力量，传播他对大自然的热爱。故选D项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想开设课程，让孩子们在户外学习，体验大自然赋予的馈赠。A. experience体验，经历；B. wave挥手；摇摆；C. compare比较；D. create创造。根据上文“to bring children to learn in the open air”可知，让孩子们在户外学习，应该是亲身体验大自然。故选A项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些愿望促使他最近出版了科普书籍《读虫记》。A. consume消费；B. publish出版；发表；C. raise升高；抚养；筹集；D. polish磨亮；润色。根据后面宾语“the popular-science book, Du Chong Ji (Reading About Insects) ”可知，应该是出版了一本书。故选B项。 15．考查介词词义辨析。句意：2006年，作为一名大一新生，他在南京农业大学创办了一个昆虫爱好者协会，这是他使命的延续。A. as作为；B. about关于；C. with和……一起；D. under在……之下。根据宾语“a freshman(新生)”可知，这是他创办这个协会时候的身份，介词as意为“作为”符合语境。故选A项。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2006年，作为一名大一新生，他在南京农业大学创办了一个昆虫爱好者协会，这是他使命的延续。A. test检测；测验；B. research研究；C. association联想；联系；社团，协会。D. newspaper报纸。根据下文“His organization 　　19　　 had nearly 600 members.”可知，他创建了一个组织。故选C项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他经常安排成员去江苏南京的紫金山寻找昆虫。A. arranged安排；B. cycled循环；汽车；C. dealt处理；D. drilled练习；钻井，打眼。arrange for sb. to do sth.意为“安排某人做某事”符合语境，这里指社团的活动。故选A项。 18．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他经常安排成员去江苏南京的紫金山寻找昆虫。A. get through通过；完成；B. knock off停止做；克服，战胜；C. put out扑灭，熄灭；D. look for寻找。根据上文“for members to visit the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing, Jiangsu province”可知，他们这个昆虫爱好者协会的活动内容应该是在山里寻找昆虫。故选D项。 19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的组织最终拥有近600名成员。A. occasionally偶尔；B. eventually最终，终于；C. precisely精确地；D. barely仅仅；几乎不。根据后面“nearly 600 members”可知，几乎600名成员应该是这个协会不断发展壮大的结果。故选B项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2010年毕业后，陈睿被中国科学院大学录取，攻读动物学博士学位。A. admitted承认；允许进入，录取；B. inspired激励，鼓舞；启发；C. connected联系，连接；D. selected选择。根据下文“to the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences to complete his doctorate in zoology.”可知，他是被一所大学录取，去攻读博士学位。固定短语be admitted to意为“被……录取”符合语境。故选A项。 （2023·天津和平·一模）Growing up in Mauritius, I love nature. Behind my house, there is a mountain named Le Pouce, where I spent much time 1 the forest as a kid. However, my instinct (天性) for exploration 2 at the water’s edge. Even though Mauritius is an island country 3 by the Indian Ocean, the thought of entering the ocean made me scared. When I was about 10, this started to 4 . I began learning about the 5 climate change presented to island countries, and I started 6 an interest in protecting the environment. I watched nature documentaries, 7 the steps I could take to change the world, 8 I still didn’t know how to effectively achieve it. Later, I took the National Geographic Society’s Exploring Conservation courses, which set me on a path to helping start and 9 , The Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean and enhancing people’s 10 of protecting the ocean. Gradually, I realized how much humans 11 the ocean for its natural resources and that it was not as 12 as I had imagined. My fear was rooted in a(n) 13 of falling into a river in my childhood. Determined to 14 it, I became a certified diver last year. Diving plays a big part in my life now, and I work to 15 the protection of the underwater environment. I helped run a summer camp for young divers. During that time, I led a beach cleanup to help the participants understand how human litter could end up in the ocean. I got encouraged by the 16 of the activity when a parent told me her son insisted on 17 plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home. Protecting the ocean is very 18 and I’ll keep dedicating myself to it. And I 19 hope more people will join me. Only with everyone’s effort can we make the world a(n) 20 place for human beings. 1．A．exploring B．transforming C．extending D．constructing 2．A．expanded B．appeared C．assisted D．stopped 3．A．ruined B．surrounded C．covered D．represented 4．A．change B．worsen C．repeat D．occur 5．A．progress B．threat C．opportunity D．image 6．A．proving B．hiding C．developing D．resisting 7．A．avoiding B．teaching C．pretending D．considering 8．A．if B．yet C．so D．unless 9．A．lead B．follow C．recognize D．prevent 10．A．hesitation B．awareness C．memory D．guess 11．A．paid back B．adapted to C．depended on D．kept up 12．A．simple B．significant C．dangerous D．effective 13．A．mood B．skill C．hobby D．experience 14．A．confirm B．neglect C．overcome D．analyze 15．A．turn down B．hold back C．add up D．contribute to 16．A．introduction B．influence C．advertisement D．prediction 17．A．mixing B．burning C．replacing D．combining 18．A．risky B．impractical C．shocking D．crucial 19．A．sincerely B．suddenly C．formally D．seemingly 20．A．wonderful B．imaginative C．familiar D．traditional 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．D 16．B 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者小时候害怕大海，后来通过学习开始了解到保护海洋环境的重要性，并成立组织，领导和组织保护海洋环境的活动，同时呼吁大家加入自己的行列，希望通过每个人的努力来使世界变得更加美好。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在毛里求斯长大，热爱大自然。在我的房子后面，有一座叫Le Pouce的山，我小时候经常在那里探索森林。A. exploring探索；B. transforming使转变；C. extending延长；D. constructing组成。根据下文“However, my instinct (天性) for exploration”可知是原词复现，表示探索森林，故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的探索本能停在了水边。A. expanded扩大；B. appeared出现；C. assisted帮助；D. stopped停止。根据下文“the thought of entering the ocean made me scared”可知作者害怕水，所以探索的本能停止在水边，故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 虽然毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国，但一想到要进入海洋，我就感到害怕。A. ruined毁坏；B. surrounded包围；C. covered覆盖；D. represented代表。根据句中“an island country”和常识可知毛里求斯是一个被印度洋包围的岛国，故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我大约10岁的时候，这种情况开始改变。A. change改变；B. worsen变得更坏；C. repeat复述；D. occur发生。根据下文“I began learning about the 　　5　　 climate change presented to island countries, and I started　　6　　 an interest in protecting the environment.”可知作者由“探索的本能停止在水边”到“开始了解岛国的环境问题”，可知是改变，故选A。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始了解到气候变化给岛国带来的威胁，我开始对保护环境产生兴趣。A. progress进步；B. threat威胁；C. opportunity机会；D. image形象。根据下文“climate change presented to island countries”和“protecting the environment”可知是环境变化给岛国带来了威胁，故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. proving提供；B. hiding隐藏；C. developing产生；D. resisting抵制。根据上文“I began learning about the 　　5　　 climate change presented to island countries”可知作者开始了解岛国的气候变化带来的威胁，所以是对保护环境产生兴趣，故填C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看自然纪录片，考虑我可以采取哪些措施来改变世界，但我仍然不知道如何有效地实现它。A. avoiding避免；B. teaching教；C. pretending假装；D. considering考虑。根据下文“the steps I could take to change the world”可知是思考采取什么样的措施来改变世界，故选D。 8．考查连词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. if如果；B. yet然而；C. so所以；D. unless除非。根据句意和语境可知上下文为转折关系，故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，我参加了国家地理学会的探索保护课程，这使我走上了帮助启动和领导海洋项目的道路，这是一个致力于帮助人们了解海洋，提高人们保护海洋意识的组织。A. lead领导；B. follow跟随；C. recognize认出；D. prevent阻止。根据下文“The Oceanic Project, an organization dedicated to helping people understand the ocean”可知是启动和领导一个组织，故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hesitation犹豫；B. awareness意识；C. memory记忆；D. guess猜测。根据下文“of protecting the ocean”可知是提高人们保护海洋的意识，故选B。 11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地，我意识到人类是多么依赖海洋的自然资源，海洋并没有我想象的那么危险。A. paid back偿还；B. adapted to适应；C. depended on依靠；D. kept up保持。根据本句“how much humans 　　11　　 the ocean for its natural resources”和常识可知是人类依赖海洋提供的自然资源，故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. simple简单的；B. significant重要的；C. dangerous危险的；D. effective有效的。根据上文可知，作者小时候怕海洋，结合句中“as I had imagined”可知，现在作者意识到海洋并不像他之前想象的那样危险，故选C。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的恐惧源于我童年时掉进河里的一次经历。A. mood心情；B. skill技能；C. hobby爱好；D. experience经历。根据下文“falling into a river in my childhood”可知是童年的一次经历让作者害怕水，故选D。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决心克服它，去年成为了一名合格的潜水员。A. confirm确认；B. neglect忽略；C. overcome克服；D. analyze分析。根据上文可知作者因为童年掉进河里的经历害怕水以及下文“I became a certified diver last year.”可知作者决定克服这种恐惧，故选C。 15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在潜水在我的生活中占据了很大的一部分，我的工作是为保护水下环境做出贡献。A. turn down关小；B. hold back阻碍；C. add up总计；D. contribute to贡献。根据下文“the protection of the underwater environment”和作者成立组织可知都是为了保护海洋环境，所以作者的工作是为保护水下环境做出贡献，故选D。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一位家长告诉我，她的儿子回家后坚持用竹子代替家里的塑料物品时，我受到了鼓舞，因为活动起了作用。A. introduction介绍；B. influence作用；C. advertisement广告；D. prediction预测。根据下文“when a parent told me her son insisted on 　　17　　 plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home.”可知活动起到了作用，改变了孩子的行为，作者因此受到鼓舞，故选B。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. mixing混合；B. burning燃烧；C. replacing代替；D. combining结合。根据下文“plastic items in their home with bamboo alternatives after returning home”可知是用竹子代替家里的塑料物品，故选C。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保护海洋是非常重要的，我将继续致力于它。A. risky冒险的；B. impractical不现实的；C. shocking令人震惊的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据上文描述和句中“I’ll keep dedicating myself to it”可知，海洋提供人类依赖的自然资源，所以作者认为保护海洋自然是重要的，并且会继续下去，故选D。 19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我真诚地希望更多的人能加入我的行列。A. sincerely真诚地；B. suddenly突然地；C. formally正式地；D. seemingly看起来似乎。根据上文可知作者说保护海洋环境很重要，所以他真诚地希望更多的人加入自己的队伍，故选A。 20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有通过每个人的努力，我们才能使世界成为人类美好的地方。A. wonderful精彩的，极好的；B. imaginative富于想象力的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. traditional传统的。根据上文“Only with everyone’s effort”可知是作者呼吁大家进而升华主题，作者希望通过每个人的努力来让我们的世界变得更美好，故选A。 （2022·天津南开·二模）Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of her country’s persistent (持续的) problems: garbage and poverty (贫困). It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a (n) 1 of local snack lovers: Rather than 2 your empty chip bags into the trash (垃圾桶), 3 them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the 4 . Chip eaters drop off their 5 bags from Doritos (多力多滋薯片), Lay’s (乐事薯片), and other favorites at two 6 in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they 7 the chip bags in soapy hot water, they 8 them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use soft materials from old coats to line the insides. It 9 about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, 10 whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry 11 ,” Oleita told the Detroit News. Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has 12 more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, 13 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to 14 the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the 15 for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of 16 a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are 17 ourselves to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says. And, of course, there’s the symbolism of recycling bags that would otherwise land in the 18 and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental problems and poverty often go 19 . As Oleita told hourdetroit.com: “I think it’s time to show 20 between all of these issues.” 1．A．advice B．question C．favor D．permission 2．A．throw B．track C．leak D．lock 3．A．design B．detect C．digest D．donate 4．A．homeless B．disabled C．old D．sick 5．A．heavy B．empty C．luxury D．full 6．A．moments B．decisions C．locations D．conclusions 7．A．clean B．load C．soften D．resolve 8．A．dig B．slice C．lift D．knock 9．A．pays B．takes C．delays D．wastes 10．A．resulting in B．figuring out C．contributing to D．depending on 11．A．out B．around C．over D．on 12．A．reached B．related C．found D．collected 13．A．destroyed B．repaired C．compared D．created 14．A．lose B．lend C．raise D．drop 15．A．goal B．income C．profit D．way 16．A．risking B．recommending C．attaining D．realizing 17．A．driving B．devoting C．enjoying D．encouraging 18．A．store B．trash C．solution D．family 19．A．day after day B．step by step C．face to face D．hand in hand 20．A．generations B．inspirations C．connections D．expectations 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．A 16．C 17．B 18．B 19．D 20．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自底特律的26岁学生兼环保主义者奥利塔通过回收空薯片袋，为无家可归的人制作睡袋，既帮助了贫困人群，又保护了环境。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位来自底特律的26岁学生兼环保主义者请求当地零食爱好者帮个忙：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。A. advice建议；B. question问题；C. favor恩惠，善行；D. permission许可。根据文章内容和下文“_____them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the_____”可知，她希望零食爱好者能捐赠空薯片袋，以便她能够用这些空薯片袋为无家可归者制作睡袋，由此可知，她希望零食爱好者能帮个忙，“ask a favor of sb.”意为“请求某人帮忙”。故选C项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位来自底特律的26岁学生兼环保主义者请求当地零食爱好者帮个忙：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。A. throw扔；B. track跟踪；C. leak渗漏；D. lock锁。根据下文“_____your empty chip bags into the trash”和生活常识可知，我们一般情况下会把空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，“throw…into…”意为“把……扔进……”。故选A项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位来自底特律的26岁学生兼环保主义者请求当地零食爱好者帮个忙：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。A. design设计；B. detect发现，查明；C. digest消化；D. donate捐赠。根据下文“she can turn them into sleeping bags”可知，她想用空薯片袋制作睡袋，由此可知，她希望零食爱好者捐赠空薯片袋。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位来自底特律的26岁学生兼环保主义者请求当地零食爱好者帮个忙：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐赠出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋。A. homeless无家可归的；B. disabled有残疾的；C. old老的；D. sick生病的。根据最后一段关键句“…and using them to help the homeless”中的“homeless”可知，她想用空薯片袋制作睡袋帮助无家可归的人，“the+形容词”泛指一类人。故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：吃薯片的人把他们的多力多滋薯片、乐事薯片和其他最受欢迎的食品的空袋放到底特律的两个地方：一家印刷店和一家服装店，奥利塔和她的志愿者帮手在那里收集。A. heavy重的；B. empty空的；C. luxury奢华的；D. full满的。根据上文“Rather than _____ your empty chip bags into the trash”中的“empty”可知，奥利塔收集的是空薯片袋。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：吃薯片的人把他们的多力多滋薯片、乐事薯片和其他最受欢迎的食品的空袋放到底特律的两个地方：一家印刷店和一家服装店，奥利塔和她的志愿者帮手在那里收集。A. moments片刻；B. decisions决定；C. locations地方；D. conclusions结论。根据下文“a print shop and a clothing store”可知，“一家印刷店和一家服装店”是两个地方，吃薯片的人把食品的空薯片袋扔到这两个地方。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在用肥皂热水清洁薯片袋后，他们将其切开，平放，然后将其熨烫在一起。A. clean清洁，使干净；B. load装载；C. soften软化；D. resolve解决。根据下文“in soapy hot water”可知，在肥皂热水里应该是清洁薯片袋，保持卫生。故选A项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在用肥皂热水清洁薯片袋后，他们将其切开，平放，然后将其熨烫在一起。A. dig挖掘；B. slice切；C. lift举起；D. knock敲。根据空格后“lay them flat”可知，应该是先将薯片袋切开，然后再展开平放，最后将其熨烫在一起。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：缝一个睡袋大约需要四个小时，每个睡袋大约需要150到300个薯片袋，这取决于它们是单人还是家庭大小。A. pays支付；B. takes需要……时间；C. delays延迟；D. wastes浪费。根据空格后“about four hours”可知，句中指缝一个睡袋大约需要四个小时，“takes”意为“需要……时间”，“It takes+一段时间+to do sth.”意为“花费一段时间做某事”。故选B项。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：缝一个睡袋大约需要四个小时，每个睡袋大约需要150到300个薯片袋，这取决于它们是单人还是家庭大小。A. resulting in导致；B. figuring out理解；C. contributing to有助于；D. depending on取决于。根据上文“around 150 to 300 chip bags”和下文“single-serve or family size”可知，句中指需要空薯片袋数量的多少取决于睡袋是单人还是家庭大小。故选D项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：奥利塔告诉《底特律新闻》说，其结果是一款“防水、轻便、携带方便”的睡袋。A. out出去；B. around围绕，到处；C. over结束；D. on穿着，戴着。根据上文“lightweight”可知，睡袋很轻便，由此可知，携带起来很方便，“carry around”意为“随身携带”，符合语境。故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2020年启动以来，薯片袋项目已收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已创造了110个睡袋。A. reached达到；B. related使有联系；C. found发现；D. collected收集。根据第二段关键句“where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them”中的“collect”可知，奥利塔和她的志愿者帮手收集薯片袋，由此可知，这个项目收集了80多万个薯片袋。故选D项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2020年启动以来，薯片袋项目已收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已创造了110个睡袋。A. destroyed毁灭；B. repaired修理；C. compared比较；D. created创造。根据上文“The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry_____”可知，这个项目利用空薯片袋制作出睡袋，由此可知，这个项目已创造了110个睡袋。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，筹集资金购买新睡袋会更简单。A. lose丢失；B. lend借出；C. raise筹集；D. drop落下。根据空格后“the money to buy new sleeping bags”可知，应该是筹集资金才能购买新睡袋，“raise”意为“筹集”，符合语境。故选C项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这仅仅是奥利塔和她的志愿者同伴的目标的一半，她的家人十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望能过上更好的生活。A. goal目标；B. income收入；C. profit利润；D. way方法。根据文章第一段中“Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of her country’s persistent (持续的) problems: garbage and poverty (贫困).”可知，奥利塔开展这个项目的目标是为了解决垃圾和贫困两个问题，由此可知，为贫困人群提供睡袋只是她目标的一半。故选A项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这仅仅是奥利塔和她的志愿者同伴的目标的一半，她的家人十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望能过上更好的生活。A. risking冒……的风险；B. recommending推荐；C. attaining获得；D. realizing意识到。根据空格后“a better life”可知，奥利塔和家人是为了获得更好的生活才从尼日利亚搬到美国。故选C项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们致力于不仅在社会上，而且在环境上产生影响。”A. driving驾驶；B. devoting致力于，奉献；C. enjoying享受；D. encouraging鼓励。根据文章第一段中“Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution for two of her country’s persistent (持续的) problems: garbage and poverty (贫困).”可知，奥利塔开展这个项目的目标是为了解决垃圾和贫困两个问题，由此可知，她和志愿者们致力于在社会上和环境上产生影响，“devote oneself to doing sth.”意为“致力于做某事”。故选B项。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：当然，还有一个象征意义，那就是回收那些原本会落在垃圾桶里的袋子，并用它们来帮助无家可归的人。A. store商店；B. trash垃圾，垃圾桶；C. solution解决方案；D. family家庭。根据文章第一段“Rather than _____ your empty chip bags into the trash (垃圾桶)”中的“trash”可知，这些空薯片袋原本是要被扔进垃圾桶的。故选B项。 19．考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：这有力地提醒我们，环境问题和贫困往往是密切相关的。A. day after day日复一日；B. step by step逐步地；C. face to face面对面；D. hand in hand手拉手，密切相关。根据上文“We are _____ ourselves to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally”可知，这个项目不仅在社会上，而且在环境上产生影响，回收空薯片袋，即回收利用了垃圾，又为贫困人群提供睡袋，由此可知，环境问题和贫困往往是密切相关的，解决了贫困问题的同时，也保护了环境。故选D项。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如奥利塔告诉hourdetroit.com的那样：“我认为是时候展示所有这些问题之间的联系了。”A. generations一代人；B. inspirations灵感；C. connections联系；D. expectations期待。根据上文“It’s a powerful reminder that environmental problems and poverty often go _____.”可知，奥利塔认为环境问题和贫困往往是密切相关的，由此可知，她认为是时候展示两者之间的联系了。故选C项。 ( 2 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$