内容正文:
微技能一 巧解阅读理解中的复杂结构
技法1 省略that,让句子更加难以理解
高考长难句中的宾语从句和定语从句往往省略连接词和关系词that。因此,考生更加难以理解这些长难句。
[高考原句] (2023·新课标Ⅰ·A) With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you.
[结构分析] 此句中make sure后省略了连接词that。
[精准翻译] 我们在战略位置的五家租赁店存放了2 500多辆自行车,确保您随时都有一辆自行车可用。
技法2 添加前置修饰语,使名词(短语)复杂化
在一些高考英语的长难句中,名词(短语)前可以添加名词、形容词、分词、冠词、代词等前置修饰语,而前置修饰语又可添加自己的前置修饰语,这就进一步增加了句子的难度。
[高考原句] (2023·全国甲·D)By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.
[结构分析] 此句中名词hunting前添加了cruel and continuous 作修饰语,名词grizzlies前添加了600 to 800作修饰语,名词range 前添加了a mere 2 percent of their former作修饰语。
[精准翻译] 到20世纪70年代初,经过殖民者几个世纪残酷而持续的狩猎,北落基山脉的600到800只灰熊只剩下它们原来活动范围的2%。
技法3 添加后置修饰语,使名词(短语)复杂化
在高考英语的复杂结构中,经常在名词(短语)后加上介词短语、定语从句、非谓语动词等后置修饰语,让其所修饰的名词(短语)更加复杂化。
[高考原句] (2023·新课标Ⅰ·C)In part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
[结构分析] 名词短语the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism后面添加了非谓语动词短语starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable作修饰语,且非谓语动词短语中名词 forces后面添加了定语从句that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable作修饰语。
[精准翻译] 在第一部分中,我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础,首先考察了使许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的力量,然后再详细讨论数字极简主义哲学。
技法4 应用间隔性修饰语,使句子结构复杂化
当一个名词(短语)后有很长的后置修饰语时,其他名词或动词就会把中心名词和相应的动词分隔开,考生很难辨别哪个动词应该跟随哪个名词。
[高考原句] (2023·全国甲·D)Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.
[结构分析] 此句中的名词the tourists后有两个后置修饰语from around the world 和that flood into Yellowstone National Park,此处that引导定语从句修饰先行词the tourists,定语从句与先行词被 from around the world分隔开。
[精准翻译] 问那些从世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客,他们最希望看到什么,他们的答案往往是一样的:灰熊。
技法5 并列结构作主语,使句子更加复杂化
众所周知,单个的名词(短语)作主语比较容易理解,而并列结构作主语会使主语更加复杂,这就增加了整个句子的复杂性。
[高考原句] (2023·全国乙·D)The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin and the Incas,all of whom appear in this book,can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice.
[结构分析] 此句的主语是由并列连词and连接的并列结构,即“The Caribbean Taino,the Australian Aboriginals,the African people of Benin and the Incas”。
[精准翻译] 加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人,所有这些人都出现在这本书中,他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品最有力地向我们讲述他们过去的成就:通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。
技法6 主语为动名词短语或主语从句
有些复杂结构的主语不再是单个的名词或代词,而是动名词短语或主语从句,这更增加了句子的难度。
[高考原句] (2023·浙江1月·C) What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning,and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines.
[结构分析] 第一个分句的主语是What Hammond is referring to,是what引导的主语从句。
[精准翻译] 哈蒙德所指的是意义的问题,而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的核心。
技法7 嵌入状语从句
当一个句子被嵌入一个状语从句,主句的主语和谓语就会被状语从句分隔开,从而使句子复杂化。
[经典例句] Jane,when she found she was lost in the forest,sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms tightly to make herself warmer.
[结构分析] 此句中的主语Jane和谓语sat,held被when引导的时间状语从句分隔开了。
[精准翻译] 当简发现她在树林中迷路时,她坐在一棵树旁,紧紧地用双臂抱住肩膀让自己暖和点。
技法8 应用繁杂的间接宾语
英语中有些动词(如give,offer,bring,buy等)后需要跟双宾语,即动词+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物),有时间接宾语非常繁杂,使得句子的谓语远离直接宾语,造成句子难以理解。
[经典例句] She bought the students who had made great progress in the mid-of-term examination some candies.
[结构分析] 此句的谓语动词是bought,它的间接宾语是the students,其后是who引导的定语从句,直接宾语是some candies。
[精准翻译] 她给在期中考试中取得巨大进步的学生买了一些糖果。
技法9 复合句多,造成句式复杂,增加理解困难
许多句子中同时出现定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等,需要学生有较强的句式分析能力。
[高考原句] (2023·新课标Ⅰ·D)On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.
[结构分析] 本句中which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect为定语从句,在定语从句中又包含了宾语从句what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect。
[精准翻译] 1907年3月7日,英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿发表了一篇论文,阐述了后来被称为“群体智慧”的效应。
技法10 插入转述表达方式
句子中包含转述的表达方式也可造成句子的复杂化。
[经典例句] They weren’t capable of finding the woman who Jack had said would tell them about the traffic accident.
[结构分析] 此句中插入了Jack had said的转述表达方式。
[精准翻译] 他们没能找到杰克所说的会告诉他们这次交通事故情况的那位女士。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$