专题1 第9讲 体裁微解——新闻报道-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

第9讲　体裁微解——新闻报道 新闻报道类包含新闻事件的诸多元素，时间、地点、人物、起因、过程和结局。语篇特征明显：都是由标题(Headline)、导语(Introduction)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是对新闻报道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，通常起着提纲挈领、吸引受众的作用，被视为新闻的“眼睛”。近年来高考新闻类文章一般隐去标题，却在设题时要求考生在所给选项中选出最佳标题，考查学生对文章的概括能力。导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概括新闻事实，5W(When，Where，Who，What，Why)包括其中，被视为新闻的“灵魂”。正文则具体描写，被视为新闻的“躯干”。结尾总结概括，重申主题或者升华主题。 新闻报道亦为记叙文，时态一般为过去时；主句、从句结构清晰，语言客观平实，往往没有过分花哨的词汇和过于复杂的句型。主要具有以下特点： 选材 新闻报道要突出新闻性，作者应避免对该新闻事件进行主观判断和评价。 内容 新闻报道的内容真实、新鲜、及时、重要、趣味可读，时效性极强。 结构 标题＋导语＋正文＋结束语 语言 短小精悍(常用代词)；客观真实(被动语态和间接引语的使用)。 命题 题型以细节理解题为主，兼顾推理判断题、主旨大意题、词句猜测题等 真题体验　(2019·浙江·B) Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.” People quickly caught on.And while many took dollars，many others pinned their own cash to the board.“People of all ages，races，and socio-economic(社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took，” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox，which created the project.“We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles，but a few people left fives，tens and even twenties.The video clip(片段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board. “What I can say for the folks that gave the most，is that they were full of smiles，” Bridges said.“There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few，but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could. While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign，Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet. “After all，everyone has bad days and good days，” he said.“Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.” 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。本文向读者介绍了Tyler Bridges创办的一项“尽你所能，取你所需”的活动。这一活动吸引了许多不同的人，其唯一目的就是展示人们的慷慨和同情心。结果显示，人们付出的多，拿取的少，达到了预期的效果。 24．What does the expression “Money with no strings attached.” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Money spent without hesitation. B．Money not legally made. C．Money offered without conditions. D．Money not tied together. 答案　C 解析　句意理解题。根据下文的内容并结合木板上写的“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”可知，附在木板上的钱是可以随意取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C。 25．What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride? A．Women tended to be more sociable. B．The activity attracted various people. C．Economic problems were getting worse. D．Young couples needed financial assistance. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“People of all ages，races...even had a bride”可推知，Bridges提到新娘参与该活动是为了说明参与人员的多样性，故选B。 26．Why did Bridges carry out the project? A．To do a test on people’s morals. B．To raise money for his company. C．To earn himself a good reputation. D．To promote kindness and sympathy. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句并结合全文内容可知，Bridges开展这个活动的目的是提倡仁慈和同情，故选D。 A (2023·广东佛山一模) Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant(肾移植)．Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys—but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life. Deveza came up with a different plan.In 2017，she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors，exchanging half her liver(肝) for someone else’s kidney.A case study of the organ exchange has now been published，and the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this.“You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains，” says John Roberts，a surgeon at University of California，San Francisco. Most organ transplants come from people who have died，but there are never enough organs.As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys，people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends.If someone wants to donate but their immune(免疫的) system is unsuited，doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative. When Deveza was looking into such chains，she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver.She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts，who saw the idea’s potential. Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver.It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons，in Idaho，whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease.They drew up a plan：Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother，and in return，Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister.The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully. The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same.Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Deveza用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈，并取得了成功。这一成功的案例具有积极的影响。 1．What did Deveza do to save her mother? A．Carrying out a case study. B．Calling for kidney donations. C．Launching a medical experiment. D．Trading half her liver for a kidney. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Deveza came up with a different plan.In 2017，she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors，exchanging half her liver(肝) for someone else’s kidney.”可知，Deveza为了帮助妈妈移植合适的肾脏，用自己的一半肝脏作为交换。故选D。 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Patients’ desperation to survive. B．Several sources of organ donation. C．Current situation of organ transplants. D．Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段首句“Most organ transplants come from people who have died，but there are never enough organs.”及后文的描述可知，该段主要讲述了器官移植的现状。故选C。 3．What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons? A．It discouraged organ donation. B．It brought two families together. C．It met with widespread approval. D．It produced a desirable outcome. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a year—a ten percent increase.”可知，她们两个的“器官互换”使活体肝器官交换的案例增加。由此可推知，这产生了令人满意的结果。故选D。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．My Liver，Your Kidney B．Mother’s Love，Our Happiness C．Organ Transplant：Blessing for Patients D．Organ Exchange：Major Medical Advances 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，文章主要讲述了Deveza用自己的一半肝脏交换别人的肾脏给自己的妈妈，并取得了成功，后文则以此为延伸讲述了其可能产生的积极影响。因此，选项A“My Liver，Your Kidney”不仅贴合主旨，且作为标题更具有吸引力。故选A。 B (2023·山东聊城一模) When it comes to making lunch for their kids，moms and dads have usual favorites.For some parents in the US，those favorites are peanut butter and jelly sandwiches—also known as PB&Js.Fruit like apples and bananas are also popular. But one mother has an unusual go-to ingredient for her children’s lunches.Jenny Mollen uses funny-looking candy eyes.She has learned that her children will eat any healthy food if it has edible eyeballs attached.The “eyeballs” are really pieces of candy. Her children laugh while they eat healthy foods like bell peppers，kiwi fruit，or dates.Mollen says candy “eyes” make lunch more fun. “Honestly，first of all，just buy yourself some candy googly eyes.They are tried-and-true，” she said.She admits that “you lose something nutritionally” by giving children candy.But she thinks that getting children to eat healthy food by putting candy on it is worth it. Mollen’s lunch tricks bring together food and craft.She uses tricks because her two sons hate to eat different kinds of foods.So，she decorates their food to resemble animals or even their favorite Pokémon characters.She makes edible “bugs” made from dates，pretzel sticks for the legs，and，of course，candy “eyes”．She also uses leftover Chinese food to make panda bears from rice and seaweed. Mollen says her lunch projects are easy to do.And her sons think they have won a big prize at their midday meal.Mollen says making fun-looking，artful lunches for her children helps ease her guilt as she is a working mom.Her artful lunches are her way of reminding her children that she is thinking of them. Mollen says she also wants to teach them healthy eating habits.She says that by getting kids to eat vegetables at a young age，they will grow up to eat healthy foods later in life.She also says it is a good way to get children to try foods from other cultures.If they need to be “tricked” sometimes，that is okay. 语篇解读　本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一位花心思为孩子提供不同寻常的食材的妈妈，她的做法不但让孩子的午饭变得有趣、健康，还让孩子知道妈妈在想着他们。 5．What’s the purpose of Mollen’s lunch projects? A．To make her children’s day. B．To remind people to save food. C．To persuade other parents to follow suit. D．To ensure her children’s healthy diet. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Jenny Mollen uses funny-looking candy eyes.She has learned that her children will eat any healthy food if it has edible eyeballs attached.”可知，莫伦的午餐计划的目的是让孩子吃健康食物。故选D。 6．What is typical of Mollen’s lunch? A．It contains all kinds of food. B．It is made up of candy. C．It combines art and nutrition. D．It is full of Chinese styles. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But she thinks that getting children to eat healthy food by putting candy on it is worth it.”可知，莫伦的午餐是健康食物；根据第五段中的“Mollen’s lunch tricks bring together food and craft.”可知，莫伦的午餐技巧将食物和手艺结合在一起。综合来看，莫伦的午餐结合了艺术和营养。故选C。 7．How have Mollen’s lunch projects affected her children? A．They have taken to their fun-looking lunches. B．They have broadened their knowledge of food. C．They have bonded with their favorite animals. D．They have swept to victory in the meal competitions. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Her children laugh while they eat healthy foods like bell peppers，kiwi fruit，or dates.Mollen says candy ‘eyes’ make lunch more fun.”可知，莫伦的孩子们吃着这些食物很开心，说明他们已经喜欢上了看起来很有趣的午餐。故选A。 8．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Mollen’s plans for cooking lunches. B．The benefits of Mollen’s lunch tricks. C．Mollen’s expectations of her children. D．The culture elements in Mollen’s lunch. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据倒数第二段末句“Her artful lunches are her way of reminding her children that she is thinking of them.”以及最后一段首句“Mollen says she also wants to teach them healthy eating habits.”可知，这两段阐述了莫伦的午餐技巧给孩子以及她本人带来的好处，午餐拉近了她和孩子的距离，为孩子长大以后的健康饮食习惯奠定基础，也使孩子了解其他文化的食物。故选B。 强化练(十三)　新闻报道 A (2023·河南郑州三模) According to statistics,358 bee species live in the Netherlands，but more than half of them are part of the Dutch red list—a catalogue listing endangered species.To support the insects，the city of Utrecht Council，together with advertising agency Clear Channel，has transformed 316 bus stops across the city into “bee bus stops”．They are like ordinary bus shelters，but small gardens have been added to the roofs.The gardens are filled with grass and wildflowers chosen to attract bees. The city authorities put the project out to tender(投标)．In the tender，they outlined the requirements and encouraged applicants to develop a nature-inclusive design that offers ecological benefits to the city.Finally，they signed an agreement with Clear Channel，who won the tender and set up 316 bus shelters.The project didn’t cost the city government anything.The operators are responsible for the upkeep of the stops citywide，using income from advertising. The bus shelters have brought about great changes in the city.Green roofs catch fine dust，store rainwater and provide cooling in the heat.They also ensure biodiversity in the city.There are also 96 bus stops fitted out with LED lighting and bamboo benches.The base plate is also made from recycled concrete.The advantages of the bus stops have not gone unnoticed by the media.But what particularly has caught the media’s attention is that these eco-friendly shelters make people happy and enthusiastic，and encourage them to do something for nature. This unique Dutch city even has a program for residents who can transform their own roofs into green roofs for bees.Residents interested in this can apply for government allowances.Click here for more information and details. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了荷兰的Utrecht市议会与广告公司Clear Channel合作，将全市316个公交车站改造成了“蜜蜂公交车站”，以帮助保护蜜蜂。 1．Why did the Utrecht Council add green roofs to its bus shelters? A．To beautify the urban space. B．To promote public transport. C．To offer comfort to travellers. D．To stop the bee population decline. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“To support the insects，the city of Utrecht Council，together with advertising agency Clear Channel，has transformed 316 bus stops across the city into ‘bee bus stops’...been added to the roofs.”可知，Utrecht市议会在公交候车亭增加绿色屋顶是为了吸引蜜蜂，也就是说为了防止蜜蜂数量的减少。故选D。 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How the costs were shared. B．How the project was operated. C．What was included in the tender. D．Why the agreement was reached. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段“The city authorities put the project out to tender(投标)...Finally，they signed an agreement with Clear Channel...The project didn’t cost...The operators are responsible...using income from advertising.”可知，第二段主要讲述了该工程是如何运作的。故选B。 3．What impresses the media most about the bus shelters? A．The variety of the chosen plants. B．Their role in reducing air pollution. C．The use of energy-saving LED lights. D．Their effect on people’s environmental awareness. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段末句“But what particularly has caught the media’s attention is that these eco-friendly shelters make people happy and enthusiastic，and encourage them to do something for nature.”可知，改造公交候车亭来保护蜜蜂，这对人们的环保意识是一种激发，而这也使得媒体印象最深。故选D。 4．Who is the text mainly intended for? A．Local tourists. B．News reporters. C．Utrecht citizens. D．Project managers. 答案　C 解析　读者对象题。综合分析文章可知，文章主要介绍了Utrecht市议会与广告公司Clear Channel合作，将全市316个公交车站改造成了“蜜蜂公交车站”的事情，并且在最后一段对所有市民发出倡议，倡议他们一起保护蜜蜂。由此推知，这篇文章是写给该市市民的。故选C。 B (2023·湘豫名校联考) A beloved pet that went missing in the Highlands area of Vancouver Island was found seven days later by an army of volunteers and was reunited with her owner. The mastiff-retriever cross(马士提夫獒犬)，named Luna，was found trapped on a narrow cliff ledge(岩架)，and was reunited with her owner after a heroic rescue last month.It’s believed that Luna had chased an animal out of her yard and got lost，somehow falling off a cliff and landing on a two-foot-wide ledge.She remained there alone，as her owner and searchers wildly looked for her. “It was terrible because it was getting colder and she always sleeps next to me or my daughter，” said Saryta Schaefer，Luna’s owner. After she’d been missing for several days，there was a break in the case.Across the water，Ron Cheeke had heard Luna’s cries for help.Cheeke decided to record the sound and notify the pet rescue group ROAM.He even went so far as to search the area in a boat to try to locate the exact source of the sound.“I used a pot，and every time I banged on the pot，the dog barked back，” Cheeke told CTV News. Eventually，after searching on both water and land，a team found the scared dog and used a harness(保护带) to pull her back to safety and to her owner.“I almost fell over when I saw her—it was quite exciting，” said Schaefer. Cheeke said his own dog had died recently and he was motivated to help.“I lost my dog last year，so it was good，” said Cheeke.“It’s good to see it back with its owners.” “There’s no feeling like it.When you’re involved with this and you get the owner back with the pet，it’s worth all the money in the world，” added ROAM volunteer Andy Carswell. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一只名叫Luna的獒犬意外走失七天，被众人发现并合力解救出来使之与主人团圆的故事。 5．Which of the following happened to Luna first? A．Luna was found stuck on a narrow spot. B．Luna fell off a cliff and remained there. C．Luna’s owner tried to find her back. D．Luna ran after an animal and went missing. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s believed that Luna had chased an animal out of her yard and got lost”可知，Luna追赶一只动物，然后失踪了。故选D。 6．Why did Cheeke keep knocking on the pot? A．To be sure where the cry came from. B．To draw attention to the passers-by. C．To encourage Luna to cry for help. D．To remind volunteers of the cries. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“He even went so far as to search the area in a boat to try to locate the exact source of the sound.‘I used a pot，and every time I banged on the pot，the dog barked back，’...”可知，Cheeke听见狗叫声，然后拍打锅弄出声音，吸引狗叫回应，以便判断狗叫声来源进而确定其位置。故选A。 7．What can we infer from Cheeke’s words in paragraph 6? A．He was determined. B．He was adaptable. C．He was sympathetic. D．He was cooperative. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中“Cheeke said his own dog had died recently and he was motivated to help.”可知，Cheeke的狗最近离世，所以他感同身受，愿意去帮助狗的主人。因此我们可以判断Cheeke是有同情心的人。故选C。 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Volunteers Praised for Saving a Dog B．A Missing Dog Reunited with Its Owner C．A Dog Cried Tears of Joy When Found D．A Seven-day Rescue Ended in Peace 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知，本文讲述一只名叫Luna的獒犬意外走失，七天后被众人发现并合力解救出来，使之与主人团圆的故事。B项能概括文章大意，适合作本文的标题。故选B。 C Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource.By using advanced microwave radar technology，it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans，lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe.It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface. The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process.Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases.Swot will scan the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations(高度) around smaller currents and eddies(涡流)，where much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur.“Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question：What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing，rather than absorbing，huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming，rather than limiting it，” said Nadya Shiffer，Swot’s program scientist. By comparison，earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points，or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line，requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation(外推法)．Thanks to the radar instrument，Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth.This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible. “Rather than giving us a line of elevations，it’s giving us a map of elevations，and that’s just a total game changer，” said Tamlin Pavelsky，Swot freshwater science leader. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了计划于周四上午发射的Swot卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。 9．What does the underlined expression “vital resource” in the first paragraph refer to? A．Technology. B．Climate. C．Oceans. D．Water. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.”可知，画线短语“vital resource”指的是下文提到的“water”。故选D。 10．What is the major mission of Swot satellite? A．To identify when global warming is worsened. B．To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2. C．To study how oceans influence climate change. D．To explain why greenhouse gas comes into being. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process.”可知，Swot卫星的主要任务是探索海洋如何通过自然过程吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化，即研究海洋如何影响气候变化。故选C。 11．What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely? A．The high-definition computer. B．Advanced radar technology. C．The three-dimensional image. D．An accurate map of elevations. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thanks to the radar instrument...This enables scientists to accurately map their observations...”可知，先进的雷达技术使得Swot能够精确测量。故选B。 12．Which is the text mainly about? A．A solution to climate change. B．A breakthrough in space travel. C．The successful launch of Swot satellite. D．The first global water survey from space. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了计划于周四上午发射的Swot卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水。D项能概括文章大意。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$