专题1 第6讲 体裁微解——记叙文-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

第6讲　体裁微解——记叙文 记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以记叙和描写为主要表达方式的文章。一篇记叙文，无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，描写人物、地点、事件和发生过程，表达作者的某种情感。主要具有以下特点： 选材 新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。 内容 记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事件发生的时间顺序写。 形式 顺叙、倒叙、插叙。 语言 时态以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明显的语言特征。 命题 主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。 高考英语记叙文设题主要集中在细节理解题和推理判断题，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。具体答题策略如下： 策略指导 技法解读 弄清六要素 何人、何时、何地、因何原因做了何事、结果如何、有何启示或感想。 弄清写作目的 证明一个观点；赞美某种美德；谴责某种行为；提供娱乐。 关注开头和结尾 把握事情的发展动向，尾段通常是主题的升华所在。 关注情感主线 分析事情的发展脉络，弄清人物关系，透析文章的情感主线。 真题体验　(2023·全国甲·B) Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself)．Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture，she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.From the age of six，Terri，now 26，accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays.A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.She says，“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with.But when Derek built our family house about eight years ago，I was heavily involved(参与)，painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house.It took weeks and it was backbreaking work，but I know he was proud of my skills.” Terri，who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth，South West London，says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end.She adds，“I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures.So，it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks，new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long，warm summer days to get jobs done.The average spend per project will be around ￡ 823.Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home.A fifth wish to increase the value of their houses.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby，the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位DIY高手Terri Bolton以及DIY的日益流行。 24．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together...”可推知，此处指Terri Bolton是一位DIY高手。C项最接近画线短语的意思。故选C。 25．Why did Terri’s grandfather give her ￡5 a day? A．For a birthday gift. B．As a treat for her work. C．To support her DIY projects. D．To encourage her to take up a hobby. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段前三句以及最后一句可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她工作的奖励。故选B。 26．How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented? A．By making it look like before. B．By furnishing it herself. C．By splitting the rent with a roommate. D．By cancelling the rental agreement. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和最后一句可推知，Terri通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，以此来避免被扣除租房的押金。故选A。 27．What trend in DIY does the research show? A．It is becoming more costly. B．It is getting more time-consuming. C．It is turning into a seasonal industry. D．It is gaining popularity among females. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。通过最后一段中的“the research shows it is women now leading the charge”可知，研究表明，DIY正在女性群体中越来越受欢迎。故选D。 A (2023·云南昆明一模) A dad says he’s built a special bond with his two-year-old daughter after running a series of long-distance races with her strapped(用带子系) to his back. Chris Greenbank,36，a stonemason(石匠) from Stockport，Greater Manchester，even managed to complete a half marathon carrying the youngster in a special hiking carrier. The single father，who has suffered from anxiety in the past，has been raising money to mental health support group Project 23.The group，which helps people with anxiety and mental health problems，was set up by Chris’s friend Mark Sproston. Chris’s latest，Runnorthwests festive 10k in Cheshire，was his fourth race and he says，possibly their last，as the kid may be too heavy in spring.Besides，Chris had been a little worried if the weather would be too chilly for his daughter.“No matter how difficult it is，I want to get us both a festive Christmas medal before it gets too cold，” He added，“We have four medals now and we have run 51km in total.” In October，Chris took just under three hours to complete the Manchester Half Marathon with his daughter on his back.The dad says his little girl rested her hand on his shoulder and kept it there for the whole duration of the run.He said，“Our bond isn’t something you can even put into words.My heart is full.” Chris，who says exercise is an important part of positive mental health，believes there should be no reason why people can’t exercise because they have kids. The pair also ran the Wilms low 10k in July this year and Chester Zoo 10k in October.Chris says of his daughter，“She loves it，and they are like mini adventures.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位曾患有焦虑症的单身父亲克里斯为帮助Project 23组织募集资金背着年幼的女儿参加一系列马拉松比赛的事迹。 1．What do we know about Project 23? A．It was founded by Chris Greenbank. B．It has organized 4 marathon events. C．It helps people with psychological problems. D．It offers medical care to the disabled. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The group，which helps people with anxiety and mental health problems，was set up by Chris’s friend Mark Sproston.”可知，这个组织是帮助患有焦虑和精神疾病的一个公益组织。故选C。 2．Why did Chris run the marathon in Cheshire with his daughter? A．To show the public his running skills. B．To win a medal for their Christmas. C．To raise money for his serious illness. D．To develop his habit of doing sports. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“No matter how difficult it is，I want to get us both a festive Christmas medal before it gets too cold”可知，他参加这场比赛是因为他希望在天太冷前得到圣诞奖章。故选B。 3．Which of the following words can best describe Chris? A．Caring and loving. B．Frank and demanding. C．Ambitious and particular. D．Generous and outgoing. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The single father，who has suffered from anxiety in the past，has been raising money to mental health support group Project 23.”和第四段中的“Besides，Chris had been a little worried if the weather would be too chilly for his daughter.”及他所说的话可知，克里斯帮助心理健康组织Project 23筹款，且担心天太冷冻着女儿，计划在天太冷前不管多难也要得到圣诞奖章，由此可知，克里斯充满了爱与关怀。故选A。 4．What is the purpose of writing the text? A．To introduce ways to relieve anxiety. B．To show training methods of running. C．To involve readers in charity activities. D．To share a story of a father and a daughter. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。根据首段“A dad says he’s built a special bond with his two-year-old daughter after running a series of long-distance races with her strapped(用带子系) to his back.”以及下文中讲述的克里斯背着女儿参加一系列的马拉松比赛情况可知，本文的目的是分享一对父女的故事。故选D。 B (2023·湖北武汉5月模考) Back in 1958，I was crazy about the Norfolk and Western 746.The smooth bullet-nose engine with its orange and yellow lines and shiny streamlined black tender(车厢) seemed to have cast a spell on me. Together the engine and tender measured a little shy of 2 feet—enormous by the toy train standards of the day.Even better，the 746 had a working headlight and smoker，and its tender sang high. Unfortunately，the amazing 746 also had an amazing price—$50，equal to about $450 today.That was far more than my grandfather could afford.Instead，I had to be content with his little Lionel plastic，which was SIX INCHES shorter than the 746 and had no headlight，no smoker or no sound! But that was the best that my grandfather could give me at that time. Years passed，and I was in my 30s.Complicated sound systems and computer controls dominated toy trains.I never gave a look.My interest in toy trains，I firmly believed，had faded，nor did my admiration for the 746，since my grandfather was not with me.The 746 was never called to mind.On an ordinary day，however，I happened to see the 746 outside the window of a train show.Just one look，I could not look away.Childhood memories that I tried to hide in the depths of my heart raced through my mind，happy or sad. That day I took the 746 home and placed it in the centre of the room，and let my childhood dream sing its way around me.Smoke rose out from the engine and the soft song sounded from its tender.It seemed as if I could see the soft light in grandfather’s eyes and hear his cheerful laughter. 语篇解读　本文是篇记叙文。文章通过描述作者自年少时到成年后对一辆玩具火车的情感变化，表达了他对祖父的思念之情。 5．Which best describes the 746 in the author’s eyes? A．It was taller than the author. B．Its price rose from $50 to $450. C．It was the largest train in 1958. D．Its beauty was beyond compare. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The smooth bullet-nose engine with its orange and yellow lines and shiny streamlined black tender(车厢) seemed to have cast a spell on me.”和第二段内容可知，作者对746玩具火车非常迷恋，认为它非常完美，无与伦比。故选D。 6．How did the author feel when receiving his little Lionel plastic? A．Visibly relieved. B．Really excited. C．Terribly shameful. D．Slightly unsatisfied. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead，I had to be content with his little Lionel plastic，which was SIX INCHES shorter than the 746 and had no headlight，no smoker or no sound！”可知，在作者看来，这个小的Lionel品牌的塑料玩具和746相比差得太多，所以稍微有点不满意。故选D。 7．What happened to the author in his 30s? A．He left his grandfather alone. B．He didn’t favor the 746 at all. C．He attempted not to recall the past. D．He admired advanced toy trains. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“My interest in toy trains，I firmly believed，had faded...since my grandfather was not with me.The 746 was never called to mind.”及最后一句可知，作者30多岁时，因为祖父不在了，所以他尽量不去回忆过去。故选C。 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Toy Trains：Childhood in History B．The 746：Childhood Memories of Love C．Toy Trains：Memories of a Generation D．The 746：a Perfect Gift from My Grandfather 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据最后一段中“It seemed as if I could see the soft light in grandfather’s eyes and hear his cheerful laughter.”和全文内容可知，文章以746火车玩具为主线，通过描述作者自年少时到成年后对它的情感变化，表达了作者对童年时期的爱的回忆以及对祖父的怀念之情。故选B。 强化练(十)　记叙文 A (2023·山东淄博一模) My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it.By chance，a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world. We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options.There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world，but we tried our luck，sent a request，and to our surprise landed a three-month job in Grenada，so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits. Inspired by a Canadian couple，we decided to start our own travel blog.We began by writing about The Virgin Islands，highlighting the beautiful beaches.However，for every photo album of a beautiful beach，there were 10 photos of trash(垃圾)．It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue，especially on such primitive and remote beaches.So，we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks. The more we looked into plastic pollution，the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution.From that point，we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free.We changed our daily routines，our way of living，and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging. It’s been over three years now and we continue to do what we can.This journey has led us to some amazing places，working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada. Our aim now is to keep on going.We love connecting with like-minded people.It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting.Who would have guessed? 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为一次宠物看护工作，去了一个很美丽的小岛，但是小岛却被塑料所污染，之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。 1．Why did the author do pet sitting? A．To raise fund. B．To protect the environment. C．To cover travel expenses. D．To shoot beautiful beaches. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it.”可知，作者做“宠物看护”的工作是为了支付自己和丈夫去加勒比的费用。故选C。 2．What does the author intend to convey through her story? A．Pet sitting is a new type of occupation. B．The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination. C．Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity. D．Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段末句“So，we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.”和第四段首句“The more we looked into plastic pollution，the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution.”可推知，作者想通过自己的故事告诉读者必须采取措施应对塑料污染。故选D。 3．How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean? A．Significant. B．Challenging. C．Adventurous. D．Dreadful. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“This journey has led us to some amazing places，working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.”可推知，她认为自己在加勒比的经历是非常有意义的。故选A。 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Changing Lifestyles by Pet Sitting B．Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel C．Dealing with Global Environment Pollution D．The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者因为一次宠物看护工作，去了一个很美丽的小岛，但是小岛却被塑料所污染，所以作者把看到的垃圾分享到微博上，希望唤起人们的环保意识，之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。B项“宠物看护之旅的意外收获”可以概括文章大意，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。 B (2023·广东湛江一模) By the time I took Kicker home，I was living in a van(旅居房车)，so he was thrown into van life from day one.At this point，I knew how to make him an outgoing and adaptable dog，and my life was far more adventurous than it had been... Right out of the gate，I took him to ski touring，which is a lot like cross-country skiing but in wilder terrain.At first，Kicker would just stay nestled(依偎) in my jacket，but as he got stronger，he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again. We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains，and we tried snowkiting.He ran around while I skied.He learned to speed-fly and kiteboard.One time he vomited(呕吐) all over the new cushions on my bed.Boy，that did stay smelly for days! Still，living in a van with a dog was great.With each new day，he got stronger and more independent. I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child，so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible.There’s something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond.Together we kayaked，snowmobiled，and even ended up exploring deep blue ice caves in Worthington Glacier.Kicker learned to come snowboarding with me in the mountains of Alaska.He would hike part of the way，and I would carry him the rest.I would always let him run next to me as I boarded，but I usually ended up putting him on my shoulders for the rest of the ride down—he had grown far too big to fit in my jacket. Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life.For me，it’s about the time spent together exploring，sharing experiences，working through challenging situations，snuggling，and ultimately taking care of one another. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和小狗Kicker一起在野外冒险的经历。 5．What was Kicker like when he was first taken home by the author? A．Sick and pitiful. B．Small and weak. C．Happy and active. D．Outgoing and adventurous. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“At first，Kicker would just stay nestled(依偎) in my jacket，but as he got stronger，he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again.”可推知，刚开始的时候，Kicker又瘦小又虚弱。故选B。 6．Why was the incident of Kicker’s vomiting mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To illustrate how hard life is in a van. B．To indicate that raising Kicker was not all roses. C．To show the importance of taking good care of a pet. D．To warn us of the trouble a pet can bring to us on a trip. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“One time he vomited(呕吐) all over the new cushions...Still，living in a van with a dog was great.With each new day，he got stronger and more independent.”可知，Kicker吐在垫子上这件事只是一个小插曲，旨在说明作者养狗的过程并不总是十分轻松愉快的。故选B。 7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．What tricks Kicker learned in Alaska. B．What great experiences the author had. C．How the author realized his childhood dream. D．How much the author enjoyed Kicker’s company. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段第一、二句“I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child，so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible.There’s something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond.”可知，第一句为本段的主旨句，整个段落围绕该主旨句讲述作者和Kicker一起经历的乐趣。故选D。 8．What is special about the author’s relationship with Kicker? A．They bond through shared adventures. B．They help each other to become stronger. C．They bond through giving each other rewards. D．They depend on each other in life’s hardest times. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“There’s something to be said about shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond.”及最后一段内容可知，对作者来讲，与Kicker的关系的特别之处在于他们通过冒险经历建立了亲密的关系。故选A。 C (2023·河北石家庄质检一) Throughout all the events in my life，one in particular sticks out more than the others.As I reflect on this significant event，a smile spreads across my face.As I think of Shanda，I feel loved and grateful. It was my twelfth year of dancing，I thought it would end up like any other year：stuck in emptiness，forgotten and without the belief of any teacher or friend that I really had the potential to achieve greatness. However，I met Shanda，a young，talented choreographer(编舞者)．She influenced me to work to the best of my ability，pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up，encouraged me and showed me the real importance of dancing.Throughout our hard work，not only did my ability to dance grow，but my friendship with Shanda grew as well. With the end of the year came our show time.As I walked to a backstage filled with other dancers，I hoped for a good performance that would prove my improvement.I waited anxiously for my turn.Finally，after what seemed like days，the loudspeaker announced my name.Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps onto the big lighted stage.But，with the determination to succeed and eagerness to live up to Shanda’s expectations for me，I began to dance.All my troubles and nerves went away as I danced my whole heart out. As I walked up to the judge to receive my first place shining，gold trophy(奖杯)，I realized that dance is not about becoming the best.It is about loving dance for dance itself，a getaway from all my problems in the world.Shanda showed me that you could let everything go and just dance what you feel at that moment.After all the doubts that people had in me，I believed in myself and did not care what others thought.Thanks to Shanda，dance became more than a love of mine，but a passion. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在编舞者杉达的帮助下，唤醒了对于舞蹈的热情，最终获得金牌的故事。 9．What did the author think her dancing would be for the twelfth year? A．A change for the better. B．A disappointment as before. C．A proof of her potential. D．A pride of her teachers and friends. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“It was my twelfth year of dancing，I thought it would end up like any other year：stuck in emptiness，forgotten and without the belief of any teacher or friend that I really had the potential to achieve greatness.”可知，作者认为第十二年她的舞蹈会和以前一样使人失望。故选B。 10．How did Shanda help the author? A．By offering her financial help. B．By entering her in a competition. C．By coaching her for longer hours. D．By awakening her passion for dancing. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“She influenced me to work to the best of my ability，pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up，encouraged me and showed me the real importance of dancing.”可知，杉达鼓励作者，向作者展示了舞蹈真正的重要性，唤醒了作者对于舞蹈的热情，以此来帮助作者。故选D。 11．How did the author feel when she stepped on the stage? A．Proud. B．Nervous. C．Scared. D．Relieved. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps onto the big lighted stage.”可知，登上舞台时，作者感到很紧张。故选B。 12．What can we learn from the author’s story? A．Success lies in patience. B．Fame is a great thirst of the young. C．A good teacher matters. D．A youth is to be treated with respect. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段及最后一段末句“Thanks to Shanda，dance became more than a love of mine，but a passion.”可推知，好的老师很重要。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$