专题1 第5讲 体裁微解——应用文-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

第5讲　体裁微解——应用文 应用文包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异(如图示、表格等)，措辞简洁明了，直截了当，其目的是向读者传输信息。主要具有以下特点： 选材 信息量大，文句精炼，形式灵活，用最少的篇幅传达最大量的信息。 内容 生活化，实用化，多样化。如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启事、招生招聘等。 形式 标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类题目符号使文章结构更加鲜明。 语言 人名、地名、专有名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完整。 命题 其命题角度主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。 高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，重点注意细节信息。细节题题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义句改写、词性转换等)，因此，要想找到答案就一定要找到题干在原文中的位置，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可以达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下： 策略指导 技法解读 先题后文 先读题目，了解考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。 题干定向 根据题干关键词在文中找到答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下；问题与原文相同，对号入座，通过同义替换、归纳事实等方法确定答案。 生词模糊 遇到生词，如无关答题，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词义。 信息补全 对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。 真题体验　(2023·新课标Ⅱ·A) Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park，and throughout the year.The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail(小径)，camping，or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road，this quick workshop is for you and your family.Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience.Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone.Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow.Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint，enjoy Lower Falls，the Yellowstone River，and the breathtaking colors of the canyon(峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history.Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10) Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles：meet at Artist Point. 7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance：meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的四个护林员项目。 21．Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A．Photography Workshops. B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C．Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物的项目开始的时间最早。故选D。 22．What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A．Works of famous artists. B．Protection of wild animals. C．Basic photography skills. D．History of the canyon area. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据“Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)”部分中的“From a classic viewpoint，enjoy Lower Falls，the Yellowstone River，and the breathtaking colors of the canyon(峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history.”可知，在Artist Point简短演讲的主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。 23．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A．Artist Point. B．Washburn Trailhead. C．Canyon Village Store. D．Visitor Education Center. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据“Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)”部分中的“7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance：meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。 A Paris is known all over the world as a city of art and romance，with classic local tour packages people can choose from. City Tour in Paris　Available：Daily We will begin the day by driving past the Place de la Concorde，the Champs-Elysées and the Arc de Triomphe.Afterwards，a Seine River boat trip will allow us to see some of the most famous landmarks from the water.Finally，we will visit the Eiffel Tower on the Champs de Mars. Dinner and Show at the Moulin Rouge　Available：Thur.－Sat. In the evening，guests will meet at the specified departure location to begin this tour.We will see a show at the Moulin Rouge，which is a generally acknowledged must，while enjoying a delicious dinner.The famous Moulin Rouge—where a hit musical movie got its name—was founded in 1889，and is marked by the red windmill(风车) on the roof. Grand Louvre Museum Guided Tour　Available：Wed.－Sun. The Louvre is packed with masterpieces from different periods and cultures.With the help of a guide，visitors will discover several collections ranging from ancient Greek statues to romantic French paintings and admire the impressive Louvre Pyramid made of glass and metal. Half Day Versailles Tour　Available：Tue.－Sun. Guests will be picked up on the banks of the Seine and enjoy a river view by boat for 30 minutes.Then，we will drive south-west until we reach Versailles，once the home of French royalty.We can also visit the shops which sell old and valuable items and the traditional marketplace. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了巴黎的四个旅行套餐。 1．Which place can travelers visit on Monday? A．Versailles. B．The Moulin Rouge. C．The Louvre. D．The Seine River. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。对比四个旅行介绍中的时间信息可将解题依据定位至City Tour in Paris部分。根据其中的“Afterwards，a Seine River boat trip will allow us to see some of the most famous landmarks...”可知，游客在星期一可以参观塞纳河。故选D。 2．What does Dinner and Show at the Moulin Rouge feature? A．A musical movie. B．An evening performance. C．A special building. D．An excellent dinner. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Dinner and Show at the Moulin Rouge部分的“In the evening...We will see a show at the Moulin Rouge，which is a generally acknowledged must...”可知，Dinner and Show at the Moulin Rouge的特色是一场晚间演出。故选B。 3．Which tour might be the most attractive to people wanting to buy antiques? A．City Tour in Paris. B．Grand Louvre Museum Guided Tour. C．Half Day Versailles Tour. D．Dinner and Show at the Moulin Rouge. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Half Day Versailles Tour部分的“We can also visit the shops which sell old and valuable items and the traditional marketplace.”可知，Half Day Versailles Tour可能对想买古玩的游客最具吸引力。故选C。 B (2023·山东青岛一模) London can be an expensive city to visit if you go unprepared.If you go sightseeing in London for the first time，it is suggested investing in a London Pass.The London Pass is a digital sightseeing credits package that gives you access to 80＋attractions in the city with a relatively lower cost.For many attractions on the pass，there’s no need to pre-book.However，some may have limited capacity，so you’ll need to book in advance. What do you get with The London Pass? •Incredible savings. •Access to more than 80 top London attractions. •Fast entry at selected attractions and sights. •90-day money-back guarantee. Go to The London Pass booking page and choose a duration that suits your trip.The London Pass is available for one，two，three，four，five，six，seven or 10 continuous days.Download the pass to your phone and plan your sightseeing tours with the app.When you get to the gate of any participating attraction，show your London Pass and head straight inside. What are our bestsellers? •2-Day Pass：Child ￡65.00；Adult ￡99.00 •3-Day Pass：Child ￡77.00；Adult ￡116.00 •5-Day Pass：Child ￡94.00；Adult ￡144.00 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦通票的作用以及收费情况。 4．Why is The London Pass recommended to travelers? A．It offers money-saving tips. B．It helps to visit London on a budget. C．It provides access to more attractions. D．It promises to return money if unused. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The London Pass is a digital sightseeing credits package that gives you access to 80＋ attractions in the city with a relatively lower cost.”可知，给旅行者推荐伦敦通票是因为它能节省游览伦敦的开支。故选B。 5．What should you do before using The London Pass? A．Sign up on the page. B．Download the app. C．Book your tours. D．Update your information. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据“What do you get with The London Pass？”部分中“Download the pass to your phone and plan your sightseeing tours with the app.”可知，使用伦敦通票前应该先下载应用程序。故选B。 6．How much should you pay if you want a 3-Day Pass for two parents and a kid? A．￡164. B．￡263. C．￡309. D．￡382. 答案　C 解析　数字计算题。根据“•3-Day Pass：Child ￡77.00；Adult ￡116.00”可知，如果你想买一张一对父母和一个孩子的3日票，你需要付77＋116＋116＝￡309。故选C。 强化练(九)　应用文 A (2023·云南、吉林、安徽、黑龙江四省联考) Family-Friendly Events in January ZooLights：Glow Wild　Jan.1－19 The Phoenix Zoo’s yearly holiday light show is on until Jan.19，allowing families one or more opportunities to enjoy the city’s zoo，with millions of lights giving an added dimension to the festivities. Glow Wild,455 N．Galvin Pkwy.，Phoenix，phoenixzoo.org，$11.95 members，$13.95 general admission. Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts　Jan.4－18 The Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts features the work of established and emerging artists，including those who create woodwork，metal crafts，food items，art，photography and gifts. On Macdonald，off of Main Street in Downtown Mesa，dtmesafest.com，free admission. Family Fun Winterfest　Jan.4 OdySea Aquarium in the Desert is hosting the third annual Family Fun Winterfest in its Desert Courtyard，featuring real snow for the kids to play in.This free event features everything from bounce houses to rides，games，snowflake crafts and face painting to go with various stands set up by local sellers，with food and other offerings for sale at the event. 9500 E．Via de Ventura，Scottsdale，odyseainthedesert.com，free. Youth Fine Arts Course　Jan.18－Mar.7 Mesa Arts Center is hosting an eight-week youth arts course on Saturdays to teach artistic skills and knowledge through fun and challenging art classes in a wide variety of art materials，including painting，drawing，mixed media and sculpture，ensuring mentally stimulating sessions for all. Mesa Arts Center,1 E．Main St.，Mesa，mesaartscenter.com，$93. 语篇解读　本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了几个在一月份举办的适合家庭参加的活动。 1．How can you get a discounted ticket to the ZooLights show? A．Bring a friend. B．Get a membership. C．Join a tour group. D．Book a ticket online. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据ZooLights：Glow Wild　Jan.1－19部分的“$11.95 members，$13.95 general admission”可知，只有获得会员资格才能在“ZooLights show”买到打折的票。故选B。 2．What can you do at Family Fun Winterfest? A．Have free food. B．Enjoy real snow. C．Take art classes. D．Meet local artists. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Family Fun Winterfest　Jan.4部分的“...featuring real snow for the kids to play in.”可知，在“Family Fun Winterfest”这个活动中可以欣赏到真正的雪。故选B。 3．Which event lasts the longest? A．ZooLights：Glow Wild. B．Downtown Mesa Festival of the Arts. C．Family Fun Winterfest. D．Youth Fine Arts Course. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。对比四个活动的日期可知，“Youth Fine Arts Course”的持续时间最长。故选D。 B (2023·山东日照一模) Poetry Contest The contest is open to anyone aged thirteen and up who writes poetry.Enter your poem for a free chance to win prizes! You can submit a poem on any topic，employing whatever style you prefer. Information No entry fee is required for the contest.The main contest is held twice a year.Contest dates are January 1－June 30 and July 1－December 31.All winners will receive a letter and their prize via regular mail.The first place winner will be contacted by phone or email and asked to call our office to confirm their identity before their prize is mailed.As soon as the complete list of winners is drawn up，it will be posted on the home page. Rules •Only submit ONE poem，ONE time.Only one poem per household will be accepted. •Poem must be 26 lines or fewer，including stanza breaks but not including the title，and lines may be no more than 55 characters across，including spaces. •Do not use “texting” lingo.Properly spell out all words and type the first word of each line in capital letter. •All poems must be written in English. Prizes Both contests award one first place prize of $2,000.00 and a first prize wall plaque(牌匾) ($100.00 value)；twenty second place prizes of $100.00 each and a second place wall plaque ($75.00 value)；one hundred third place winners of a third place gift certificate ($25.00 value)．Sixty to seventy percent of all entries become semi-finalists and receive a certificate of participation suitable for framing. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了诗歌比赛的相关信息。 4．What do we know about the poetry contest? A．It is a free contest. B．Anyone can enter for it. C．All poems will be published. D．Each contestant will get a reward. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Information部分中的“No entry fee is required for the contest.”可知，诗歌比赛是免费的。故选A。 5．Which of the following will cause disqualification? A．Submitting one poem. B．Composing a poem of 23 lines. C．Writing a poem in English. D．Typing the poem in capital letters. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Rules部分中的“·Do not use ‘texting’ lingo.Properly spell out all words and type the first word of each line in capital letter.”可知，需要用大写字母键入每行的第一个单词，不是整首诗。故选D。 6．What will be awarded to a third place winner? A．A wall plaque. B．A gift certificate. C．$25.00. D．$75.00. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中的“one hundred third place winners of a third place gift certificate($25.00 value)”可知，第三名会获得礼品券。故选B。 C (2023·福建福州5月质检) These science-themed field trips will offer you fantastic experiences. London’s sites of scientific interest Explore London’s notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames，starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors. Visit the London Wetland Centre，Kew Gardens，Battersea Power Station，and the Greenwich Observatory.You will never be far from the river as you experience a wide range of topics including wildlife，medicine，power generation，engineering，physics and astronomy. The science history of Scotland Discover Edinburgh and Glasgow’s most famous scientific thinkers，and learn how their ideas supported our emerging understanding of the world from the 16th century onwards. Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment(启蒙)．Learn about the wide cast of advocates and hear from guest speakers，take part in walking seminars(研讨会) and enjoy several museum trips，as well as visits to two industrial wonders，the Falkirk Wheel and the Whitelee Windfarm. Pre-Historic Southwest England Involve yourself in the early human periods—the Bronze and Iron Ages.A gentle walking tour that explores the pre-historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset. Visit several National Trust，English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了以科学为主题的旅行。 7．Which site can you visit along the River Thames? A．Maiden Castle. B．The Falkirk Wheel. C．The Wetland Centre. D．The Salisbury museums. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据London’s sites of scientific interest中的“Explore London’s notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames...Visit the London Wetland Centre，Kew Gardens，Battersea Power Station，and the Greenwich Observatory.”可知，沿着泰晤士河你可以参观到湿地中心。故选C。 8．What is the visit to the Southwest England aimed at? A．A closer look at the past. B．A brief exposure to nature. C．A new view about mysteries. D．A deeper understanding of art. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Pre-Historic Southwest England中的第一段“Involve yourself in the early human periods—the Bronze and Iron Ages.A gentle walking tour that explores the pre-historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset.”可知，访问英格兰西南部的目的是仔细看看过去。故选A。 9．What can visitors expect during all the three trips? A．Talks with experts. B．Visits to museums. C．History explorations. D．Scientific research. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据London’s sites of scientific interest中的“...walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors”，The science history of Scotland中的“Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment(启蒙)．”和Pre-Historic Southwest England中的“...hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums.”可知，在这三个旅行中，游客可以听取专家的演讲。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$