专题1 第1讲 题型突破——细节理解题-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

新课程标准明确指出四选一阅读主要考查学生理解书面语篇的能力，其中包括对语篇内容、语篇结构的理解和把握，也包括对语篇内容的分析、阐释和评价。要求考生能判断和识别书面语篇的意图，获取其中的重要信息和观点；能识别语篇中的主要事实与观点之间的逻辑关系，理解语篇反映的文化背景；能推断语篇中的隐含意义；能识别语篇中的内容要点和相应支撑论据；能根据定义线索，理解概念性词汇或术语；能理解文本信息与非文本信息的关系。 卷别 年份 体裁 题目类型 命题专家谈高考 细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意 新课标Ⅰ卷 2023 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 6 7 1 1 1.文章题材丰富 高考英语试卷中的所有语篇都紧扣“人与自我”“人与社会”以及“人与自然”三大主题语境，题材涉及故事、科普、人文、社会现象、文化活动等。 2.短文体裁广泛 短文体裁包括应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文等，说明文占比较高。 3.题型分布多样 近三年新课标卷四选一阅读突出考查考生理解和运用语言解决问题的基本能力，以考查细节理解、推理判断为主，以考查词句猜测、主旨大意为辅。 4.语篇特点鲜明 (1)原汁原味：高考阅读语篇一般选自各大主流英文报刊和媒体网站，新材料尽量原汁原味。 (2)词汇量大：高考阅读语篇词汇量丰富，含有大量的派生词、词性转换词、熟词生义词以及英语短语和习语。 (3)长难句多：高考阅读语篇中含有大量的长句和难句，句子结构复杂。 2022 应用文 说明文 说明文 说明文 6 7 1 1 2021 应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 9 3 1 2 新课标Ⅱ卷 2023 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 6 7 1 1 2022 应用文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 8 4 2 1 2021 应用文 记叙文 夹叙夹议文 说明文 8 5 1 1 根据表格分析可知，近年来四选一阅读体裁类型以应用文、记叙文和说明文为主，夹叙夹议文、议论文等为辅，其中科普知识类和生态环保类的说明文是考生的难题；题型考查中细节理解和推理判断题所占比重较大，词句猜测和主旨大意题所占比重较小。各类四选一阅读中的长难句日益增多，因此，在复习备考中，我们应该着重从题型、体裁和题材等方面进行高效复习。 第1讲　题型突破——细节理解题 细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考四选一阅读中占了60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、综合信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题等。分析近三年的高考真题可知，直接信息题、间接信息题和综合信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。 设问方式 设问方式以特殊疑问句形式为主，常以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词引出问题。 选项特征 　　　　　　直接信息题——定位比对找答案 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 直接信息题指的是其答案可以或几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生可先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中寻找细节。广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等语篇中的直接信息题较多。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。如： 1．Where does the guided city tour start？(2023·新课标Ⅰ,23题) 2．What is the short talk at Artist Point about？(2023·新课标Ⅱ,22题) 3．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop？ (2023·新课标Ⅱ，23题) 4．Which restaurant offers a large set menu？(2023·全国甲，22题) 5．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author？(2023·全国甲，28题) 6．Who was the first African American with a medical degree？(2023·全国乙，23题) 7．On which of the following dates can you cancel your registration with a full refund？ (2023·浙江1月，21题) 解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下： 真题体验　(2023·新课标Ⅰ·A片段) Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill，the Skinny Bridge，the Rijksmuseum，Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1：00 pm every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 23．Where does the guided city tour start? A．The Gooyer Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge. C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square. 答案　D 解析　直接信息题。一、在题干中标注定位词(where，the guided city tour，start)；二、在原文中找出信息句(The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour)；三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为D。 　　　　　　间接信息题——同义转换定答案 间接信息题通常不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲得出正确答案。此类题型常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查。常以下列形式设问： 1．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. (2023·新课标Ⅰ，33 题) 2．What are the selected artworks about？(2023·新课标Ⅱ，29题) 3．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on？ (2022·新课标Ⅰ，32题) 4．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax？(2022·全国乙，33题) 此类试题与直接信息题相比，其命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义异构，即通过把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。 解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下： 真题体验　(2023·新课标Ⅰ·D片段) ...In more technical terms，the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons，people’s errors become correlated or dependent，the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion，the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance，the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. 33．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent 答案　D 解析　间接信息题。一读题干，锁定关键词，即“Navajas’ study，the average accuracy，increase”；二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion，the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.”可知，D项是对信息区间的同义描述，即估计数字在并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。 　　　　　　综合信息题——概括归纳定答案 综合信息题涉及一段内的多个信息或多段内容，且各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，因此考生要不厌其烦地认真分析、概括和归纳从而得出正确答案。设问形式如下： 1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？(2023·新课标Ⅰ，24 题) 2．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common？(2023·全国甲，21题) 3．What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common？(2021·全国甲，22题) 4．What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have？(2021·全国甲，26题) 5．What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes？(2021·新课标Ⅰ，23题) 6．Of the following stadiums，which is the oldest？(2021·全国乙，22题) 7．What do the listed stadiums have in common？(2021·全国乙，23题) 解此类试题常用“概括归纳”法。解题流程如下： 真题体验　(2023·全国甲·A片段) Nahm Offering Thai fine dining，Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences.It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list.Head Chef David Thompson，who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name，opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant.The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods. 21．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common? A．They adopt modern cooking methods. B．They have branches in London. C．They have top-class chefs. D．They are based in hotels. 答案　C 解析　综合信息题。根据Nahm部分的“Head Chef David Thompson，who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name，opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.”以及Issaya Siamese Club部分的“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant.”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是它们都有一流的厨师。故选C。 　　　　　　数字计算题——整合推算得答案 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是解答英语阅读中的数字计算题必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3.科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。如： 1．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？ (2023·新课标Ⅰ，22题) 2．How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week? (2023·浙江1月，23题) 3．How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of？(2022·新课标Ⅰ，22题) 4．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission？ (2022·全国乙，22题) 解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。解题流程如下： 真题体验　(2023·新课标Ⅰ·A片段) Prices Hand Brake，Three Gears Foot Brake，No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day(24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 23.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50. 答案　C 解析　数字计算题。一读题干查找关键词“a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days”；二在Prices部分中标记“1 day(24 hours)，€14.75”和“Each additional day，€8.00”；三用加法计算答案，即€14.75＋€8.00＝ €22.75。 故选C。 A (外刊阅读·原创题)(From https：//www.guideposts.org) A dozen years ago，William noticed his six-year-old neighbor，Camran，seemed angry.He’d storm out of the house，shouting at his mom.One day，William saw the boy outside and started a conversation.Camran shared that his dad wasn’t in his life. William asked Camran’s mom for permission to take him fishing.Camran was fascinated by that first trip.The two fished together several times a week，and William saw positive changes in Camran’s behavior.That inspired him to set up Take a Kid Fishing，Inc.，a non-profit organization，in Lakeland，Florida. During the week，William works as a tire salesman.On weekends，he and a few other volunteers take 20 to 25 kids out fishing on a charter boat.William also reaches out to local foster(寄养) homes and group homes to invite the kids to spend the day on the water.Many have never been fishing or even on a boat，so William—or Big Will，as the kids call him—starts by teaching the basics.Then come the life lessons that fishing offers：patience，teamwork and the simple joy of relaxing in the outdoors.Up to now，it has taken more than 600 fishing trips with almost 2,000 kids who don’t have a father in their lives. William grew up in Miami in a rough area.His dad ran a lobster business in the Florida Keys，and William helped with it.He and his dad had a great relationship.Fishing was a huge part of that. “Fishing was so peaceful，” William says.“It was like an escape.” He wants to share his love of fishing with kids who don’t have a father to take them.“I just want to show them that I care about them，and that I’m there for them，” he says.Because many kids go on multiple trips，William is able to build relationships with them.He and Camran，now 20，still regularly fish together，and Camran sees Big Will as a father figure. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了William通过带领父爱缺失的孩子钓鱼来培养孩子的健全人格的故事。 1．Which can best account for Camran’s rude behavior? A．His mother’s ignorance. B．His father’s absence. C．His bad relationship with neighbors. D．His lack of sports. 答案　B 解析　直接细节题。根据第一段的内容尤其是“Camran shared that his dad wasn’t in his life.”可知，Camran之所以朝母亲大喊大叫是由于父爱缺失。故选B。 2．What does Take a Kid Fishing，Inc.most probably do? A．Sell fishing equipment to kids. B．Train volunteers to aid kids. C．Help fatherless kids learn fishing. D．Organize outdoor trips for the homeless. 答案　C 解析　综合信息题。根据第二段最后一句中的“a non-profit organization”和第三段中的“On weekends，he and a few other volunteers take 20 to 25 kids out fishing on a charter boat...Many have never been fishing or even on a boat，so William—or Big Will，as the kids call him—starts by teaching the basics.Then come the life lessons that fishing offers...”可知，Take a Kid Fishing，Inc.主要是帮助父爱缺失的孩子学习钓鱼，以此来培养孩子的健全人格。故选C。 3．What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A．To share his passion for fishing. B．To introduce William’s childhood life. C．To summarize the previous paragraphs. D．To add some background information. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。 通读第四段内容可知，本段交代William与父亲的亲密关系以及钓鱼在父子关系中发挥的作用是为了更好地让读者理解William为何会有“带领父爱缺失的孩子钓鱼”的想法，由此推测本段的目的是补充背景信息。故选D。 4．Which can best describe William? A．Caring. B．Honest. C．Determined. D．Generous. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。综合分析文章可知，文章主要讲述了William通过带领父爱缺失的孩子钓鱼来培养孩子的健全人格的故事，所以可以推断William是个关爱他人的人。 故选A。 B (2023·广东佛山一模) Total Solar Eclipse(日食) 2023 Australia One of nature’s most remarkable events—a total solar eclipse—will take place on the western edge of Australia on April 20th,2023 and we have chosen the perfect way for you to enjoy this event：on a cruise(航游) at sea. There have been only five total solar eclipses in Australia over the past century and this is the first hybrid eclipse in more than 1,000 years.Unlike other cruises for this event，ours has the well-known astronomer Abigail Beall to accompany you.You will have the best possible view of the event as well as enjoying lectures and stargazing on land and at sea.Abigail will be on hand throughout，giving lectures on the history and science of eclipses，the black hole at the centre of the galaxy—along with providing many opportunities for guided stargazing.Plus，there will be additional talks from the Astronomical Society of Australia.Click here for detailed arrangements of the tour. Single occupancy Per guest based on two people sharing Interior cabin ￡2,429 ￡1,699 Oceanview cabin ￡3,229 ￡2,199 If you wish to add a third adult or child to your room，please ask for a quote. 　　 Alongside the cruise，you can also explore some of Australia’s best scientific and natural phenomena with a series of tailored add-on tours covering astronomy on the east coast and visits to Uluru，Sydney，the Great Barrier Reef and much more.On the last day of the tour，we can send you back to the airport for your return journey home，or you can join one of our add-on tours.Click here for full details about add-on tours. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了通过海上巡航的方式观看澳大利亚西部边缘发生的日全食现象的相关信息。 5．What makes the cruise different from others? A．A specialist’s guidance. B．A talk with astronomers. C．A chance for stargazing. D．A meeting with astronauts. 答案　A 解析　间接细节题。根据第二段中的“Unlike other cruises for this event，ours has the well-known astronomer Abigail Beall to accompany you.”可知，专家的指导让这次航游与众不同。故选A。 6．How much should a couple pay for a tour in an Oceanview cabin? A．￡3,229. B．￡2,199. C．￡6,458. D．￡4,398. 答案　D 解析　数字计算题。根据表格中Oceanview cabin后的“Per guest based on two people sharing，￡2,199”可知，夫妇两人应支付2 199×2＝4 398英镑。故选D。 7．What is the purpose of the text? A．To celebrate a historic event. B．To advertise a special cruise. C．To introduce a travel agency. D．To explain a natural phenomenon. 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段“One of nature’s most remarkable events...and we have chosen the perfect way for you to enjoy this event：on a cruise(航游) at sea.”可知，本文的目的是为一次特别航游做广告。故选B。 强化练(一)　细节理解题(1) A (2023·山东潍坊一模) Stay Safe with Sonder As a foreign student arriving in Australia，you may feel both excited and anxious.The prospect of arriving in a new country where you may have no friends or family nearby can be discouraging，particularly the thought of what you would do if you were involved in an accident or fell seriously ill. Sonder Australia aims to lessen that worry by providing an Australia-wide，multilingual rapid response network，available on-demand 24/7 via a mobile app.The Sonder app has following unique features.When required，Sonder can also work with Murdoch to provide further well-being support. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一款旨在帮助刚到澳大利亚的留学生解决问题的应用程序Sonder Australia。 1．Who may the text be targeted at in Australia? A．Taxi drivers. B．New settlers. C．International students. D．Travelers from abroad. 答案　C 解析　直接信息细节题。根据第一段中的“As a foreign student arriving in Australia，you may feel both excited and anxious.”以及第二段首句可知，这篇文章可能是针对国际学生的。故选C。 2．Which part of the app functions at a set time? A．24/7 help. B．Check on me. C．Safety alerts. D．Track my journey. 答案　B 解析　直接信息细节题。根据Check on me中的“...you can set a time for us to contact you regularly to make sure you’re OK.You can set a ‘Check On Me’ duration from 30 minutes to over 8 hours...”可知，应用程序的Check on me功能在设定的时间发挥作用。故选B。 3．What technology is used in all the four features? A．Facial recognition. B．Voice interaction. C．Geographical positioning. D．Cross-platform communication. 答案　C 解析　综合信息理解题。根据24/7 help中的“Sonder immediately geo-locates you，establishing your exact location.”；Check on me中的“...Sonder will use geo-location technology to monitor you.”；Safety alerts中的“If we detect an incident occurring nearby your location...”和Track my journey中的“The ‘Track My Journey’ app feature helps you reach your destination while we track your progress...”可知，这四个特性都使用了地理定位技术。故选C。 B (2023·山东临沂一模) From Santa Barbara to Scotland，strangers are becoming friends by going on bike rides together.They get paired up by Cycling Without Age，an organization that helps seniors go for bike rides，even if they can’t pedal themselves. Hugh Lyon and David Lawrence，who are roughly 20 years apart in age，have been riding together for years.The 56-year-old Lawrence serves as a “pilot”，driving the trishaw—a bike with a passenger seat in the front that Cycling Without Age uses for their rides.They go for rides about once a week，often discussing the history of their town. “Despite my deceased parents，it gives me a connection with people from an older generation，” said Lawrence，“and I enjoy spending time with them and hearing their stories.” The pair have formed a friendship outside of cycling.Lawrence said he calls Lyon often and goes to the gym with him to help him with exercises he can’t do on his own. Ole Kassow，who founded Cycling Without Age，said that’s the power of the program.“The truly powerful thing about these bike rides is that they tie people and stories together to create new relationships，” he told CBS News.“In my friendships—and the ability to form new relationships at any age—are what define a good life，and often also a long and happy life.” John Boettner started the Santa Barbara chapter.He has one rule for passengers.“They say，‘What does it cost if I’m going to go for a ride？’ I say，‘Here’s what it costs：You have to wave.If you don’t wave，I’m going to kick you out，’” he joked.He said he likes when they hit red lights，because it gives them a chance to connect with people on the road.“Driving the trishaw is the best advertisement for Cycling Without Age，” Boettner said.“When you take a 101-year-old woman for a bike ride and she holds your hand tight and says thank you and gives you a kiss on the cheek，it doesn’t get any better than that.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲述“无年龄骑行”通过组织人们一起骑自行车把陌生人变成朋友，让人们在骑行的过程中体会到了幸福感。 4．What benefit did Lawrence get from Cycling Without Age? A．Picking up forgotten stories. B．Improving his health condition. C．Understanding his parents’ love. D．Creating a relationship with seniors. 答案　D 解析　直接信息细节题。根据第三段“Despite my deceased parents，it gives me a connection with people from an older generation...”可知，劳伦斯在Cycling Without Age骑行的过程中与老一辈的人有了联系。故选D。 5．Why did Ole Kassow mention “friendships”？ A．To share the pleasure of cycling. B．To state the nature of happiness. C．To show the value of the program. D．To introduce the definition of a good life. 答案　C 解析　间接信息细节题。根据第五段的“Ole Kassow，who founded Cycling Without Age，said that’s the power of the program.”以及卡索所说的话可知，后文卡索提到“友谊”是为了体现该项目的意义。故选C。 6．What can we learn from Boettner’s words in the last paragraph? A．The program needs to be advertised. B．Passengers have to pay for their rides. C．Red lights connect people on the road. D．Bike riders feel fulfilled by offering rides. 答案　D 解析　间接信息细节题。根据最后一段中的“Boettner said，‘When you take a 101-year-old woman for a bike ride and she holds your hand tight and says thank you and gives you a kiss on the cheek，it doesn’t get any better than that.’”可知，骑行让Boettner感到满足。故选D。 7．What message does the passage convey? A．A sweet friendship refreshes the soul. B．Be a rainbow in somebody else’s cloud. C．Don’t go through life，grow through life. D．Happiness is a journey，not a destination. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。综合分析整篇文章可知，本文主要讲述“无年龄骑行”通过组织人们一起骑自行车把陌生人变成朋友，让人们在骑行的过程中体会到了幸福感。所以B选项“成为别人云中的彩虹”，符合题意。故选B。 C (2023·广东名校联盟3月大联考) Children are naturally curious about the world around them.When Chase Hansen was only 4 years old，he encountered homeless people for the first time while shopping with his dad at an outdoor mall in Salt Lake City，Nevada.It’s no wonder that he had a lot of questions. “Chase looked at me and said，‘Dad，who are these people？Why don’t they have a place to stay？’” John Hansen recalled.“After I explained that they had run into hard times and were homeless，I knew that we were looking at an educational opportunity.My son wanted to help them.” The father and son convinced a local Jamba Juice store to donate more than 100 smoothies(果汁) and the pair gave them out to homeless people in a park. After that，they came up with an even better idea.“I wanted a way to get to know people better，” Chase said.“So，my dad and I decided to start taking some of the homeless people we’d met out to lunch.” “A lot of people walk right past homeless people and don’t see the person，” he said.“I know now that they’re people just like us.They want to make a connection and not feel so alone in the world.” Hundreds of lunches later，they run a self-funded charity called Project Empathy(同情)to help inspire others to meet and to create relationships with the homeless people in their neighborhoods.The organization provides a list of resources that can help homeless people with food，housing and employment. John said that what started as a way to spend quality time with his son has turned into a passion for both of them.“Chase and I realized that the country needed an army of people to practice empathy，and that by doing something as simple as taking a homeless person to lunch，we could maybe inspire others to do the same，” he said.“Any time you can help to give someone a voice，it’s empowering.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了蔡斯和父亲约翰身体力行帮助无家可归的人。 8．Which of the following can best describe Chase Hansen? A．Curious and caring. B．Knowledgeable and kind. C．Successful and talented. D．Generous and ambitious. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It’s no wonder that he had a lot of questions.”以及第二段中的“My son wanted to help them.”可推知，蔡斯·汉森是充满好奇心和爱心的。故选A。 9．Why did John and his son take some homeless people out to lunch initially? A．To help them to find the suitable shelter. B．To make friends with the homeless people. C．To do some research and prepare for a project. D．To have a better understanding of the homeless people. 答案　D 解析　直接信息细节题。根据第四段“After that，they came up with an even better idea.‘I wanted a way to get to know people better，’ Chase said.‘So，my dad and I decided to start taking some of the homeless people we’d met out to lunch.’”可知，约翰和他的儿子最初带一些无家可归的人出去吃午饭是为了更好地了解无家可归的人。故选D。 10．What’s the father and son super team’s goal? A．To offer jobs to the homeless. B．To change the social-economic conditions. C．To donate more smoothies to the homeless. D．To inspire more people to help the homeless. 答案　D 解析　间接信息细节题。根据最后一段中的“‘Chase and I realized that the country needed an army of people to practice empathy，and that by doing something as simple as taking a homeless person to lunch，we could maybe inspire others to do the same，’ he said.”可知，父子超级组合的目标是激励更多的人去帮助无家可归的人。故选D。 11．What’s the best title of the text? A．The Terrible Situation of Homeless People B．The Relationship Between Father and Son C．Father and Son Help Homeless People One Meal at a Time D．Project Empathy Encourages People to Practice Empathy 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，文章主要讲述了蔡斯和父亲约翰通过请那些无家可归的人吃一顿饭的方式来帮助无家可归的人。故可推知文章最好的标题是“父亲和儿子为无家可归的人提供一顿饭”。故选C。 强化练(二)　细节理解题(2) A (2023·广东深圳一模) King’s College London Volunteering is looking for paid members to sit on the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering.The Board plays an important role in influencing the development and delivery of the volunteering service.Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students，teachers and other staff at school. Volunteering，which has the potential to create positive social impact，is a key priority for King’s.The Board will ensure that students’ needs are at the core of the service so that all King’s students can make a difference. This year，the Student Advisory Board for Volunteering will co-create the agenda，and potential topics include： •Volunteering opportunities for the disabled. •Promotion of the Board’s service. •How to recognize and reward volunteers. •Evaluation of the Board’s work. This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at King’s，regardless of how much or how little you have volunteered.The Board will be run both online and in-person，and board members will be paid the London Living Wage(￡11.95 per hour) via King’s TalentBank. The application deadline is 23：59 on Friday,31st March 2023. Apply via the form below，using your King’s email address. 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦国王学院学生志愿服务顾问委员会招募会员的相关信息。 1．What does the Board aim to do for those at King’s? A．Perform voluntary work. B．Meet their academic needs. C．Provide learning opportunities. D．Discover volunteering chances. 答案　D 解析　直接信息细节题。根据第一段最后一句“Its aim is to find volunteering opportunities for students，teachers and other staff at school.”可知，委员会的目标是给学生、老师和其他工作人员提供做志愿者的机会。故选D。 2．Which of the following is a possible topic for this year’s agenda? A．Running the Board online. B．Training voluntary workers. C．Assessing the Board’s performance. D．Taking care of people with disabilities. 答案　C 解析　直接信息细节题。根据第三段中的内容“Evaluation of the Board’s work.”可知，今年议程的话题之一是“对委员会的工作进行评估”。故选C。 3．Who can apply to be a member of the Board at King’s? A．The students. B．The teachers. C．The graduates. D．The working staff. 答案　A 解析　间接信息细节题。根据倒数第三段中的“This is a unique and exciting opportunity open to all studying at King’s...”可知，国王学院的学生们可以申请成为国王学院学生志愿服务顾问委员会成员。故选A。 B (2023·江西重点中学盟校联考) There is no way they just drove into that water，thought Corion Evans.The 16-year-old was hanging out with friends in a parking area underneath a Moss Point，highway in July when a car with three teenage girls inside fell into the Pascagoula River.It came to rest some 20 feet from land，then sank.The driver，Evans would learn，had blindly followed wrong directions from her GPS. It was around 2：30 a．m.by the time Evans and brothers Karon and Caleh Bradley got to the river’s edge.In the darkness，they could barely make out the girls clinging(抱住) to the roof，the only part of the car still，barely，above water.But they could hear screaming. Evans took off his shirt and shoes，put his phone down，and then dived into the water，a river he knew alligators(短吻鳄) called home.He helped the first girl he saw and，keeping her head above water，led her ashore. Just then，a man called out.Police Officer Garry Mercer had arrived.He dived into the river to help another of the girls.But halfway back to shore she panicked and went underwater，pulling Mercer down with her.Evans jumped back into the water and helped them until they could stand.“If he hadn’t been there，who knows？” Mercer told the Washington Post. There was still one girl in the water.Cora Watson,19，could not swim.She was swallowing water，struggling to stay afloat.And scared. “I heard Watson screaming ‘Help！’and I thought she was done，” Caleh told WLOX in Biloxi. “I just knew my last breath was coming，” Watson said.“My mind said，You’re slowly losing yourself.” She began to go under.Then，a surprise.“Corion had grabbed me.” All of them were taken to the hospital and released.They’re alive because Corion Evans risked his life to save them.They’re alive，says his mother，Marquita Evans，because Corion Evans broke his curfew(宵禁)．But she’s not mad，she told the Post，“He had a good reason.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了16岁的埃文斯冒着生命危险于河水中拯救他人的故事。 4．Why did the car fall into the river? A．Because the driver was blind. B．Because the driver was a teenager. C．Because the GPS was not accurate. D．Because the car broke down accidentally. 答案　C 解析　间接信息细节题。根据第一段中的“The driver，Evans would learn，had blindly followed wrong directions from her GPS.”可知，是因为司机盲目地跟着错误的GPS行进，所以掉进了河里。故选C。 5．How many people did Evans save from the Pascagoula River? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 答案　D 解析　数字计算题。根据第三段中的“He helped the first girl...led her ashore.”，第四段内容以及倒数第二段中的“She began to go under.Then，a surprise.‘Corion had grabbed me.’”可知，埃文斯救了三名落水的女孩和一名警官，共四个人。故选D。 6．Which of the following best describes Corion Evans? A．Optimistic and honest. B．Brave and skillful. C．Humorous and kind. D．Responsible and creative. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Evans took off...led her ashore.”以及第四段中的“He dived into the river to help another of the girls.But halfway back to shore she panicked and went underwater，pulling Mercer down with her.Evans jumped back into the water and helped them until they could stand.”可知，在拯救女孩的过程中埃文斯果断勇敢并且熟练水性，故推断他是勇敢和干练的。故选B。 7．What can we infer from the passage? A．Evans failed to save all the girls. B．Police Officer Garry Mercer can’t swim. C．The river that the car fell into is dangerous. D．Marquita was angry about Evans’ behavior. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Evans took off his shirt and shoes，put his phone down，and then dived into the water，a river he knew alligators(短吻鳄) called home.”可知，汽车掉进去的那条河很危险，因为那条河被称作短吻鳄的家，即有很多鳄鱼生活于此。故选C。 C (2023·湖北4月调研) More cities，states and regions are committing to comprehensive climate plans to decarbonize(减少碳排放) transportation by 2040.The need for action is now，and we need to rise to the challenge quickly.Google technology is unlocking our ability to generate climate-related insights and impact on the globe. The transportation sector is where global greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions are rising the quickest.In 2018，Google launched the Environmental Insights Explorer(EIE)．Using AI，the systems analyze transportation trends in a city by mode，helping local governments assess their progress in tackling GHG emissions.GHG inventory processes(温室气体排放清单) traditionally take months and multiple data sources to collect，and are now highly efficient，allowing government staff to reduce the cost and personnel burden of reporting. In pursuit of helping more cities take action against climate change，we will make transportation insights available in EIE for over 20,000 cities and regional governments by the end of the year，making it one of the largest ever collections of high-quality，globally consistent environmental data sources. With EIE，cities have free access to Google’s unique mapping data and insights so they can decide on cleaner transport policies.As part of Google’s most ambitious decade of climate action，we’ve committed to helping more than 500 cities and local governments reduce a total sum of 1 billion tons of carbon emissions per year by 2030 and beyond. As the window continues to narrow on carrying out policies and plans to reduce emissions，we’re collaborating with other associations，committed to addressing climate change.Our work with Cities Climate Leadership Group(C40) will help us better support the needs of cities.Together we can provide higher-quality transportation activity data to measure and track GHG emissions at a global scale，while also giving state and local governments resources to better understand what’s working at a local level. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要围绕 Google 在碳排放议题下所开展的全球气候变化数据库建立的过程和意义，表明了技术在应对气候变化的行动中发挥了作用。 8．What can we learn about EIE from paragraph 2? A．It takes over government staff’s work. B．It predicts transportation trends in a city. C．It results in the rising of GHG emissions. D．It deals with data collection and analysis. 答案　D 解析　间接信息细节题。根据第二段中的“Using AI，the systems analyze transportation trends in a city by mode，helping local governments assess their progress in tackling GHG emissions.GHG inventory processes(温室气体排放清单) traditionally take months and multiple data sources to collect，and are now highly efficient...”可知，EIE主要进行数据收集和分析。故选D。 9．What is the purpose of the project EIE? A．To promote Google’s ambitious climate action. B．To help cities make more sustainable decisions. C．To provide environmental protection resources. D．To partner with 40 countries for climate solutions. 答案　B 解析　综合信息细节题。根据第二段中的“Using AI，the systems analyze transportation trends in a city by mode，helping local governments assess their progress in tackling GHG emissions.”和第四段中的“With EIE，cities have free access to Google’s unique mapping data and insights so they can decide on cleaner transport policies.”可知，通过EIE，城市可以根据 EIE 获取的数据决定更环保(干净)的交通政策。故选B。 10．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “collaborating” in the last paragraph? A．Cooperating. B．Compromising. C．Competing. D．Corresponding. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下一句“Our work with Cities Climate Leadership Group(C 40) will help us better support the needs of cities.”可知，画线词所在句意为：随着执行减排政策和计划的时间变得越来越紧迫，我们正在与其他致力于应对气候变化的协会合作，collaborating意为“合作”。故选A。 11．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Google helps calculate people’s carbon footprint with EIE. B．Local governments benefit from environmental data sources. C．Technology does its part in the action against climate change. D．Technology can increase people’s environmental consciousness. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要围绕 Google 在碳排放议题下所开展的全球气候变化数据库建立的过程和意义，表明技术在应对气候变化的行动中发挥了作用。C项“科技在应对气候变化的行动中发挥了作用”能够总结文章大意。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$