题材导练 人与自然 题材8 宇宙奥秘探索-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

题材8　宇宙奥秘探索 A humanity/hjuː'mænəti/n.人类(总称)；人性 pilot/'paɪlət/n.飞行员；领航员 v．驾驶 spacecraft/'speɪskrɑːft/n.宇宙飞船，航天器 mission/'mɪʃ(ə)n/n.使命，任务 launch/lɔːntʃ/v.发行；发起；发射 target/'tɑːrɡɪt/n.目标，对象；靶子 demonstrate/'demənstreɪt/v.证明；示范，演示 orbit/'ɔːbɪt/n.(天体等运行的)轨道 v．沿轨道运行 ideal/aɪ'diːəl/adj.理想的，最佳的 prospect/'prɒspekt/n.可能性；希望；前景 disaster/dɪ'zɑːstə(r)/n.灾难 extinction/ɪk'stɪŋkʃ(ə)n/n.灭绝，消亡 a series of一系列 be on one’s feet站起来 in reality实际上；事实上 B spacecraft/'speɪskrɑːft/ n．宇宙飞船；航天器 component/kəm'pəʊnənt/ n．组成部分；成分 sample/'sɑːmp(ə)l/ n．样本，样品 cargo/'kɑːɡəʊ/ n．(船或飞机装载的)货物 generate/'dʒenəreɪt/ v．产生；引起 originate from起源于 organic matter 有机物质 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2023·山东济宁期末) An asteroid(小行星) is moving very fast toward Earth，threatening every human being on the planet.Humanity has one shot to save itself with brave，selfless heroes piloting a spacecraft into the universe to destroy the asteroid. But that’s the movies.On Sept.26,2022，NASA showed what the reality was like.There was an asteroid，but it wasn’t threatening the Earth.And there was a spacecraft，relying on advanced technology from the Earth.The human heroes of the mission were actually at a physics and engineering lab between Baltimore and Washington，D.C.And there was a collision(碰撞)．In this case it was the final act of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)，a spacecraft that was launched in November,2021 and then raced around the sun for 10 months as it pursued its target—a small space rock，Dimorphos，seven million miles from Earth. “For the first time，humanity has demonstrated the ability to change the orbit of an asteroid，” said Ralph Semmel，director of the lab.In its last moments，the spacecraft sent back a series of photographs.DART had spotted Dimorphos only an hour earlier，as a dot of light.Then，Dimorphos grew bigger and bigger，until its surface filled the screen.The engineers were on their feet，cheering.“Normally，losing signal from the spacecraft is very bad，” Semmel said.“But this time，it was the ideal outcome.” With movies like “Deep Impact”，Hollywood has long been enthusiastic about the prospect of disaster raining down from the universe.In reality，big asteroids that would cause planet-wide destruction occur very rarely，once every 10 million years or so.Hence，planners at NASA and elsewhere devote their attention to smaller ones in space，which would not set off mass extinctions，but can release more energy than a nuclear bomb.If any of those asteroids turns out to be on a collision course with Earth，the DART mission shows that changing its orbit is a realistic possibility. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国宇航局的DART航天器完成了改变小行星轨道的任务。 1．What’s paragraph 1 describing? A．A movie plot. B．A natural disaster. C．A witness account. D．A virtual experiment. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But that’s the movies.”可知，第一段描写的是电影情节。故选A。 2．What’s the mission of DART? A．Racing around the sun. B．Tracking asteroids in space. C．Changing the orbit of Dimorphos. D．Establishing a permanent space lab. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For the first time，humanity has demonstrated the ability to change the orbit of an asteroid”可知，DART的任务是改变小行星的轨道。故选C。 3．Why were the engineers cheering? A．They obtained clear desired photos. B．They made a safe landing from space. C．DART crashed Dimorphos into pieces. D．DART completed its mission successfully. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But this time，it was the ideal outcome.”可推断出工程师们欢呼是因为DART成功完成了任务。故选D。 4．What’s the significance of the DART mission? A．Preventing the Earth from being destroyed. B．Providing a solution to an asteroid impact. C．Fueling people’s interest in Hollywood movies. D．Increasing chances of humans going into space. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“If any of those asteroids turns out to be on a collision course with Earth，the DART mission shows that changing its orbit is a realistic possibility.”可知，DART任务的意义是为小行星撞击提供了解决方案。故选B。 B (2023·江西南昌二模) An analysis of 5.4 grammes of stones and dust that a Japanese Hayabusa-2 spacecraft gathered from Ryugu，an asteroid(小行星) near Earth，has discovered a surprising component: a drop of water.The discovery offers new support for the theory that life on Earth may have originated from outer space. Hayabusa-2 was launched in 2014 on its mission to Ryugu，and returned to Earth’s orbit two years ago to drop off a capsule containing the sample.The sample has been divided among different scientific teams to maximize the chance of new discoveries.The precious cargo has already produced several results，including organic materials that showed some of the building blocks of life on Earth，amino acids，may have been formed in space. The lead scientist，Tomoki Nakamura of Tohoku University and his team，which is made up of about 150 researchers from the US，Britain，France，Italy and China，also analyzed the sample from Ryugu.The team’s latest discovery was a drop of water containing salt and organic matter.“This drop of water has great meaning.Many researchers believe that water was brought from outer space，but we actually discovered water in Ryugu for the first time，” Nakamura said. That bolsters the theory that asteroids such as Ryugu，or its larger parent asteroid，could have provided water，which contains salt and organic matter in collisions(碰撞) with Earth.“Such discovery may have been directly linked to the origin of the oceans or organic matter on Earth，” Nakamura said. Kensei Kobayashi，a scientist who is not part of the research group，applauded the discovery.“The fact that water was discovered in the sample itself is surprising，given the chances of it being destroyed in outer space.It does suggest that the asteroid contained water，in the form of fluid and not just ice，and organic matter may have been generated in that water，” Kobayashi said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本隼鸟2号航天器从地球附近的小行星龙宫收集了5.4克的石头和尘埃，对这些石头和尘埃的分析发现了一个令人惊讶的成分：一滴水。这一发现为地球上的生命可能起源于外太空的理论提供了新的支持。 5．What did Nakamura’s team find lately? A．Ryugu moves near Earth. B．Ryugu accommodates fluid water. C．Organic matter exists in sample water. D．Amino acids come into being in space. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team’s latest discovery was a drop of water...‘...but we actually discovered water in Ryugu for the first time，’ Nakamura said.”可知，Nakamura的团队最近发现龙宫可以容纳液态水。故选B。 6．What does the underlined word “bolsters” probably mean? A．Supports. B．Doubts. C．Advances. D．Tests. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Many researchers believe that water was brought from outer space，but we actually discovered water in Ryugu for the first time”以及第四段中“...the theory that asteroids such as Ryugu，or its larger parent asteroid，could have provided water”可知，本次液态水的发现能支持“小行星曾提供液态水”的理论，故可猜测，画线单词为“支持，支撑”的意思。 故选A。 7．What is the significance of the discovery? A．It draws attention to amino acids. B．It proves the mission to Ryugu a success. C．It offers clues to origins of life on Earth. D．It promises a bright future for space exploration. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The discovery offers new support for the theory that life on Earth may have originated from outer space.”可知，这一发现的意义是它为地球生命的起源提供了线索。故选C。 8．What is Kobayashi’s attitude toward the finding? A．Critical. B．Skeptical. C．Objective. D．Favorable. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Kensei Kobayashi，a scientist who is not part of the research group，applauded the discovery.” 可推知，Kobayashi对这一发现的态度是支持、赞赏的。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$