题材导练 人与自然 题材6 环境与遗产保护-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

人与自然 知考法　明考向：高考文章多从“人与环境”“人与动植物”“宇宙探索”等几个方面选材。对“人与自然”关系的正确认知与态度是学生价值观和文化品格的一部分，在生态危机成为全球话题的今天，培养学生的生态环保意识、宣扬生态文明、关注人与自然和谐相处具有特定的价值和意义，有利于培养学生的社会担当意识。 题材6　环境与遗产保护 A biologist/baɪ'ɒlədʒɪst/n.生物学家 remote/rɪ'məʊt/adj.边远的，偏僻的 alarming/ə'lɑːmɪ/adj.骇人的，令人惊恐的 source/sɔːs/n.来源，出处；根源 brand/brænd/n.品牌；类型 emphasis/'emfəsɪs/n.重要性；重视；强调 sustainability/səˌsteɪnə'bɪləti/n.可持续性 large amounts of许多，大量 pick up捡起；获得；收拾；不费力地学会 consist of由……组成；由……构成 B survive/sə'vaɪv/v.活下来，幸存；比……活得久 enormous/ɪ'nɔːməs/adj.巨大的，极大的 construction/kən'strʌkʃn/n.建造；建筑 specific/spə'sɪfɪk/adj.明确的，具体的；特定的 concrete/'kɒŋkriːt/熟义：adj.确实的；具体的 生义：n.混凝土(本文为此义) fall apart崩溃，土崩瓦解 account for对……作出解释；(数量上、比例上)占；是……的说明(或原因) turn out证明是，结果是 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A In the 2010s,34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine(海洋的) biologist.No matter how remote the location，she made the same alarming discovery：large amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life.Miller knew she needed to do something. Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year.Groups Like A Greener Future，which organize litter clean-ups across Canada，estimate that 33 per cent of what they pick up comes from food packaging.About one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste，too，according to a United Nations study.Miller determined to fix the problem at the source. In 2015，she cold-called a Vancouver Patagonia store and，explaining how her mission mirrored that brand’s emphasis on sustainability，convinced its managers to host her first pop-up.Her goods consisted of about 10 jars of dried mangoes，locally made chocolate and nuts.She sold out in one afternoon—and knew she was onto something. In June 2018，Miller opened one of the first zero-waste grocery stores in Canada.She named it Nada.All the food items in the store are 100 per cent package-free.As items approach their due date，the in-store café uses them to make baked goods，soups and more.To offer this variety，Miller buys from some 115 small，local companies.The suppliers must have a social or environmental mission，and just as importantly，they must work to reduce waste in their own supply chain.Miller also ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy.You can bring your own containers，though it’s not necessary：right by the front door are well-organized bins of “upcycled” glass or plastic containers，free for the taking. Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste.They get people thinking big，just as Miller had hoped they would. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了海洋生物学家Miller 在观察到触目惊心的塑料污染后，决心从源头上解决问题，创办了一家叫Nada的零浪费杂货店的故事。 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To attract readers. B．To make comparisons. C．To introduce the topic. D．To add background information. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段中“Miller knew she needed to do something.”已知文章话题，综合全文分析，第二段提到加拿大组织的评估和联合国的调查是为了补充背景信息。故选D。 2．What’s the grocery store Nada intended for? A．Making shopping experience easy. B．Raising an awareness of food waste. C．Introducing locally-made products. D．Advocating the ban of plastic containers. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“Miller opened one of the first zero-waste grocery stores in Canada.”可推测出答案。故选B。 3．Which may be regarded as “a zero-waste way”？ A．Recycling containers. B．Using imported materials. C．Packaging food delicately. D．Delivering food via fuel vehicles. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。 根据第四段可知Nada杂货店为做到“零浪费”，使用当地的供应材料、产品零包装、再次利用容器等，故可推断A 项符合“零浪费”的经营理念。 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．An Alarming Discovery B．A Successful Store C．An Unusual Waste Watcher D．A Novel Delivery 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。综合分析文章可知，文章讲述了海洋生物学家Miller 在观察到触目惊心的塑料污染后，决心从源头上解决问题，创办了一家叫Nada的零浪费杂货店的故事，所以C项“不寻常的浪费观察家”能概括文章主题，适合作为文章的标题。故选C。 B (2023·山西太原二模) The Roman Colosseum(罗马圆形大剧场)，built around two thousand years ago，survived a 14th century earthquake and most of the 150-some foot high building is still standing.It has seen the rise and fall of enormous structures as well as the Roman Empire.Why could the ancient structure stand the test of time while many modern constructions fall apart after a few decades？Scientists believe the ancient Romans used a specific concrete which may account for its super-long existence. Previous discoveries have confirmed the components of the Roman concrete：volcanic material，limestone(石灰石) and water.Architects suppose the volcanic material is what makes the building strong—which it does.But this is not enough to explain the architecture’s durability.A team of researchers recently discovered a magical power of the Roman concrete：self-healing.And the key actually lies in the tiny pieces of limestone.Worth mentioning is that researchers had taken them as impurities(杂质) due to the limitation of ancient technology.But it turned out that ancient Romans seemed to have discovered the secret. When the Romans made the mixture，they heated up the limestone to turn it into quicklime(生石灰), a very reactive chemical.Quicklime reacted with water and produced heat that set up a chemical foundation to strengthen the building material.Meanwhile，it would “wear” a hard “shell”，forming limestone pieces.It was these pieces that stopped the cracks from becoming bigger.When there was rain，the pieces reacted with water again，quickly filling the cracks. For material scientist Ainissa Ramirez，this new understanding of ancient Roman concrete is a welcome discovery.“This is one way that the material can be greener，” says Ramirez.“The Romans made the material.We had to kind of figure out how they did it so that we can make better materials—and then，you know，in turn，be better guards of our environment.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。科学家发现，古罗马人使用了一种特殊的混凝土，这可能是古罗马建筑能长久存在的原因。 5.Why could Roman Colosseum still exist according to the text? A．It was rebuilt constantly. B．It met few natural disasters. C．It contained a special material. D．Its shape increased the stability. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists believe the ancient Romans used a specific concrete which may account for its super-long existence.”可知，罗马斗兽场还能存在的原因是它含有一种特殊的材料。故选C。 6．What is the function of the limestone pieces? A．To purify the concrete. B．To react with volcanic material. C．To make the structure water-proof. D．To enable the building to repair itself. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“A team of researchers recently discovered a magical power of the Roman concrete：self-healing.And the key actually lies in the tiny pieces of limestone.”可知，石灰石块的功能是使建筑能够自我修复。故选D。 7．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The rainwater. B．The foundation. C．The quicklime. D．The limestone. 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据第三段中“Quicklime reacted with water and produced heat that set up a chemical foundation to strengthen the building material.”以及画线单词所在句中的“Meanwhile”可知，画线单词it指的就是上文提到的生石灰。故选C。 8．What can be inferred from Ainissa Ramirez’s words? A．Architects can get inspiration from ancient structures. B．The Romans’ building method remains a secret till now. C．Romans’ wisdom throws light on eco-friendly architecture. D．Scientists are exploring how to guard the ancient civilization. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We had to kind of figure out how they did it so that we can make better materials—and then，you know，in turn，be better guards of our environment.”可推知，罗马人的智慧为环保建筑提供了启示。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$