题材导练 人与社会 题材5 科学与技术-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

题材5　科学与技术 A potential/pə'tenʃ(ə)l/adj.潜在的，可能的 n．(事物的)潜力，可能性 uniqueness/ju'niːknəs/n.独特性；独一无二 novel/'nɒːv(ə)l/熟义：n.(长篇)小说　生义：adj.新颖的(本文为此义) interface/'ɪntəfeɪs/n.(人机)界面；接口 current/'kʌrənt/adj.当前的；流行的 n．水流；气流；电流 visual/'vɪʒuəl/adj.视觉的 B intelligent/ɪn'telɪdʒənt/adj.聪明的；有智力的；智能的 process/'prəʊses/n.步骤；过程 v．处理；加工 available/ə'veɪləb(ə)l/adj.可用的，可获得的；有空的 logical/'lɒdʒɪk(ə)l/adj.合乎逻辑的；逻辑(上)的 make sense有意义，讲得通 depend on 依赖，依靠；取决于 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2023·福建福州5月检测) Feeling a hug from each other via the Internet may be a possibility in the near future.A research team led by City University of Hong Kong recently developed a wireless，soft e-skin that can both detect and deliver the sense of touch，and form a touch network allowing one-to-multiuser interaction.It offers great potential for improving the distance touch communication. While there are numerous devices in the market to simulate(模拟) the sense of touch in the virtual world，they provide only touch sensing or touch response.The uniqueness of the novel e-skin is that it can perform self-sensing and touch reproducing functions on the same interface. The e-skin is a 7cm×10cm,4.2mm-thick device containing 16 flexible actuators(驱动器)，a microcontroller unit，a Bluetooth module，and other electronics on a flexible circuit board.The actuator serves as the core part of the e-skin.Once the actuator is pressed and released by a force，a current is produced to provide electrical signals that are turned into digital signals by a converter(转换器) and then sent to another e-skin via Bluetooth.When the signals are received，a current is caused to reproduce the touch response on the receiver’s e-skin through mechanical vibration(振动)．The process can be reversed to deliver vibrations from the receiver’s e-skin to the corresponding actuator of the sender’s. The e-skin can communicate with Bluetooth devices and send data through the Internet with smartphones and computers to perform long-distance touch，and to form a touch Internet of Things(IoT) system，where one-to-one and one-to-multiple touch delivery could be realized.Friends and family in different places could use it to “feel” each other.This form of touch overcomes the limitations of space and greatly reduces the sense of distance in human communication. Next，the research team will focus on practical applications for people with visual disability，who could wear the e-skin to gain remote directional guidance and read Braille messages. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种可以让人们通过互联网感受“拥抱”的电子皮肤。 1．What is the unique feature of the e-skin? A．It provides hugs for users. B．It builds a social network. C．It provides touch sensing and copying. D．It monitors the process of self-sensing. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“The uniqueness of the novel e-skin is that it can perform self-sensing and touch reproducing functions on the same interface.”可知，这种电子皮肤的独特之处是提供并复制触感。故选C。 2．What does the underlined word “reversed” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Started. B．Disturbed. C．Completed. D．Exchanged. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上下文“When the signals are received...from the receiver’s e-skin to the corresponding actuator of the sender’s.”可知，接收器可以接收信号并模拟触觉，也可以将接收者的电子皮肤产生的震动发送给信号发出者的制动器。由此可知，这个过程是可以互换的。由此猜测画线词“reversed”意为“互换”，与exchanged同义。故选D。 3．What can we learn about e-skin? A．It strengthens bonds across distance. B．Its converter vibrates when working. C．It sends electrical signals to receivers. D．Its system delivers touch with phones. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的“Friends and family in different places...reduces the sense of distance in human communication.”可知，这种电子皮肤减少了人们交流中的距离感，即它可以加强跨越距离的联系。故选A。 4．What would be the best title of the text? A．A Signal-sending Application B．An Invention for the Disabled C．A Device for Virtual Interaction D．A Long-distance Communication 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以让人们通过互联网感受“拥抱”的电子皮肤，它通过提供和传递触感减少人们交流中的距离感。因此C项“一种虚拟互动的设备”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。 B (2023·浙江杭州二模) ChatGPT，designed by OpenAI to carry on conversations just like humans，has become a viral excitement.The AI-powered tool went from zero to a million users in just five days! Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions has even drawn the attention of distinguished technology companies. The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense.Its vast body of knowledge has been gathered from the Internet and archived books.It is further trained by humans.This makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic. “We have a lot of information on the Internet，but you normally have to Google it，then read it and then do something with it，” says Ricardo，chief science officer and co-founder of AI company Erudit.“Now you’ll have this resource that can process the whole Internet and all of the information it contains for you to answer your question.” ChatGPT cannot think on its own.It depends on the information that it has been trained on.As a result，the AI tool works well for things that have accurate data available.However，when unsure，ChatGPT can get creative and flow out incorrect responses.OpenAI cautions users to check the information no matter how logical it sounds.Also，ChatGPT has only been trained with information till 2021.Hence，it cannot be relied upon for anything that happened after that. Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless potential to solve real-world problems.It can translate long texts into different languages，create content on almost any topic，and even summarize books. However，ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators.Some believe it could serve as a valuable tool to help build literacy skills in the classroom.It could also be used to teach students difficult science or math concepts.But other educators think ChatGPT will encourage students to cheat.They fear this will prevent them from building critical thinking and problem-solving skills.As a result，many districts are starting to ban its use in schools. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT的特点、存在的问题以及人们对ChatGPT的看法。 5．What is the unique feature of ChatGPT? A．It has artificial intelligence. B．It can answer users’ questions. C．It has the largest number of users. D．It can engage in meaningful conversations. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Its ability to provide in-depth answers to user questions...technology companies.”和第二段中“The intelligent robot understands what the user says or types and then responds in a way that makes sense.”可知，ChatGPT的独特之处是它可以参与有意义的对话。故选D。 6．What makes ChatGPT helpful to research various topics? A．Its capability of information processing. B．Its accurate information. C．Its availability of up-to-date data. D．Its vast body of questions. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“The intelligent robot understands what...makes ChatGPT a useful tool for researching almost any topic.”可知，信息处理能力使ChatGPT有助于研究各种主题。故选A。 7．Why do ChatGPT users have to be cautious when using it? A．ChatGPT is unable to think itself. B．ChatGPT lacks creativity. C．ChatGPT offers illogical information. D．ChatGPT is not properly trained. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“ChatGPT cannot think on its own...check the information no matter how logical it sounds.”可知，ChatGPT用户在使用它时必须谨慎是因为ChatGPT本身无法思考。故选A。 8．What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A．Favorable. B．Disapproving. C．Objective. D．Intolerant. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段“However，ChatGPT has received mixed reactions from educators.”可推知，作者客观地列举了其他人对ChatGPT的不同看法，没有提到自己对ChatGPT的态度，故推知作者对ChatGPT持客观态度。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$