题材导练 人与社会 题材3 社会交往与志愿服务-【步步高】2024年高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略（新高考）

人与社会 知考法　明考向：高考文章多从“良好的人际关系与社会交往”“公益事业与志愿服务”“文学、艺术与体育”“科学与技术”以及“历史、社会与文化”等主题语境选材。文章内容通常是通过志愿活动，培养学生的担当精神；通过科技发展和技术创新，培养学生科学探索的精神；通过文学、艺术与体育，培养学生的美育意识、健康意识，进一步落实五育并举的命题思想。高考通过这些语篇，引导学生在理解文章内容和作者观点态度的基础上关注人际交往、科技进步，培养审美情趣、服务社会精神，全面发展核心素养。 题材3　社会交往与志愿服务 A passion/'pæʃ(ə)n/n.激情，热情 accompany/ə'kʌmpəni/v.陪伴，陪同；为……伴奏 witness/'wɪtnəs/n.目击者，证人 v．目击，目睹；见证 estimate/'estɪmət/v.估计；估算 n．估计，估价 threaten/'θret(ə)n/v.威胁，恐吓；危及 sustainable/sə'steɪnəb(ə)l/adj.可持续的；不破坏生态平衡的 rural/'rʊərəl/adj.农村的，乡村的 access/'ækses/n.入口，通道；获得的机会，使用权 v．接近，进入，获取 focus on集中于 rather than而不是 B strategy/'strætədʒi/n.策略；行动计划 randomly/'rændəmli/adv.随机地；胡乱地 outcome/'aʊtkʌm/n.结果；效果 previous/'priːviəs/adj.以前的，先前的 assign/ə'saɪn/v.分派，布置 obvious/'ɒbviəs/adj.明显的，显然的 generalize/'dʒenrəlaɪz/v.概括，归纳；将……类推到；扩大……的运用 have...in common with与……有共同之处 figure out解决；算出，想出 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2023·安徽、云南、吉林、黑龙江四省联考) As a young girl growing up in France，Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place.Her passion to help others was awakened when，from the age of nine，she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays.There she organized homework clubs and activities for children.Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification.“Within 10 years，rich farmers became worse off，and in 10 years from now they will be poor.I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts(干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification. Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change.She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops，using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers(肥料) rather than chemicals. In 2012，Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert.She moved to Tunisia，and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action.“I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are.Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.” By September 2016，more than 130,000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms，with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate.Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland.She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018.In the next couple of years，Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公图米创立了“Acacias for All”项目，改善当地农业，实践其可持续农业的理念。 1．How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her? A．They made her decide to leave the country. B．They helped her better understand her father. C．They fired her enthusiasm for helping others. D．They destroyed her dream of being a teacher. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her passion to help others was awakened when...country during holidays.”可知，Toumi去突尼斯度假的经历唤醒了她帮助他人的热情。故选C。 2．What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland? A．Low rainfall. B．Soil pollution. C．Cold weather. D．Forest damage. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“A decrease in average rainfall and...being threatened by desertification.”可知，降雨量少是突尼斯农田沙漠化的主要原因。故选A。 3．Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia? A．To create job opportunities for young people. B．To help the children obtain a basic education. C．To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers. D．To facilitate the protection of their farmland. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“She moved to Tunisia...to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action.”可知，她创立“Acacias for All”项目的目的是实践她的科学可持续的农业理论，以保护当地的农田。故选D。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Saving Water in Tunisia B．Planting Trees of Native Species C．Holding Back the Sahara D．Fighting Poverty in North Africa 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述的是主人公Toumi创立了“Acacias for All”项目，坚持阻止撒哈拉沙漠的扩张，实践其可持续农业的理念。故选C。 B (2023·山东济南一模) In conversations with strangers，people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.But we’ve discovered this idea is wrong.Our data shows that people tend to think they should speak about 45% of the time to be likable in a one-on-one conversation with someone new.However，it appears speaking up a bit more is actually a better strategy. In our research，we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%,40%,50%,60% of the time in a conversation with someone new.We found that the more they spoke，the more they were liked by their new partners.This was only one study with 116 participants，but the outcome is supported by other researchers’ findings.For example，a previous study randomly assigned one in a pair to take on the role of “speaker” and the other to take on the role of “listener”．After engaging in 12-minute interactions，listeners liked speakers more than speakers liked listeners because listeners felt more similar to speakers than speakers did to listeners.This outcome suggests the reason people prefer those who speak up：Learning more about a new partner can make you feel like you have more in common with him or her. Further，we assigned people to speak for up to 70% and even 90% of the time.The result shows it is not an ideal strategy.Our research does not suggest people hold down a conversational partner but rather that they feel comfortable speaking up more than they usually might. Research like ours can help people gain a more reasonable understanding of social interactions with new people and become more confident about how to make a good first impression.It has the obvious benefit of allowing us to carefully control speaking time.However，it does not reflect more natural conversations.Future research should figure out whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions. 5．What is the common belief concerning conversations with strangers? A．Speaking a little less is preferred. B．Speaking half the time is the best. C．Listeners are more likable than speakers. D．Listeners fail to control the conversations. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“In conversations with strangers，people commonly tend to think they should speak less than half the conversation time to be likable.”可知，关于与陌生人交谈的普遍看法是“少说一点是更好的”。故选A。 6．How was the research carried out? A．By analyzing speaking habits. B．By making comparisons. C．By listing examples. D．By collecting data. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“In our research，we randomly assigned...they spoke，the more they were liked by their new partners.”可知，该研究是通过比较不同说话时长对受欢迎程度的影响来实施的。故选B。 7．What is the disadvantage of the research? A．The conversation time is limited. B．Further study is hard to continue. C．The findings are less widely applicable. D．Interactions with strangers are missing. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However，it does not reflect...generalize to more natural interactions.”可知，这项研究的缺点是“这些发现的适用性不够广泛”。故选C。 8．In which situation can the research finding be applied? A．Attending a family gathering. B．Partying with your friends. C．Meeting a new teacher. D．Making a public speech. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项关于如何与陌生人互动交往的研究，所以该研究发现可以应用于“与一位新老师初次见面”的情境，其中new是关键词。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$