Unit 1 A New Start Using language 语法讲解导学案-2024-2025学年高一上学期英语外研版（2019）必修第一册

Book 1 Unit 1 Using language 语法讲解&巩固练习 【语法讲解】 本单元的语法点：了解基本的句子结构（7种） 1、 句子成分 完整的英语句子，至少包括两个部分：主语+谓语（祈使句除外）。 想要把内心的想法表达得更具体、更清楚、更不容易产生误解，就需要添加其他句子成分。 1. 主语（subject） 定义：是句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么。 包括（类型）：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等 举例：Workers make machines. (名词) She went out in a hurry. (代词) Running is good for your health. (动名词) What he said is true. (从句) 2. 谓语 定义：谓语由动词构成 范围：谓语包括简单谓语和复合谓语 （1） 简单谓语：动词或动词短语 The sun rises in the east. He looked after his two sisters. （2） 复合谓语：情态动词/助动词+动词；联系动词+表语 He can speak English very well. He seems unhappy. (系动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须跟表语) 扩展：联系动词/系动词 讲解：动词分为两种：1. 行为动词，有实实在在的意义，表示一种动作或状态。如:work， study， sit， lie，等。2. 联系动词/系动词，是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。如：be，get(变得)，look (看起来)，等。 例句：The man seemed to be ill. These oranges tastes good. 3. 表语 定义：说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与联系动词一起构成复合谓语 类型：名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词、从句等（窍门：能作主语的基本上就能作表语） 举例：You are clever. (形容词) They seem to know the truth. (不定式短语) His hobby is reading books. (动名词短语) This is what he told me yesterday. (从句) 4. 宾语 定义：谓语动词指向的对象或内容，或者是用在介词后面构成介词短语 类型：名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等 （窍门：能作主语的基本上就能作宾语）、 举例：He doesn’t like the job. (名词) We enjoy playing football. （动名词短语） He offered me the job. (代词：间接宾语 名词：直接宾语) 间接宾语指受影响的事或人，直接宾语为动作的承受者 5. 宾语补足语 定义：对宾语进行补充说明的内容 范围：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、副词 举例：I found the book interesting. (形容词) She asked me to lend her a hand. (不定式短语) 6. 定语 定义：修饰或限定名词或代词的 范围：形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句 举例：This is a difficult problem. (形容词) Her mother is a professor. (代词) He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) The man who helps me with Math is my uncle. (从句) 7. 状语 定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子 类型：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句等 作用：可以表示时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等 举例：Luckily，he still won the first prize. (副词) They are playing on the playground. (地点状语) He was late because of the heavy rain. (原因状语) He often goes to work by bus. (方式状语) 要求：能大体划分出句子的各个部分就行 二、七种基本类型 1. l saw a white-haired man. e. He wrote a long letter. 2. l replied. d. She agreed. 3. He gave me a smile. c. l passed him a book. 4. I breathed deeply f. He talked loudly. 5. I looked at them in panic. g. She looked after her sister patiently 6. l was embarrassed. a. He was friendly. 7. His words made me a lot more relaxed! b. The exam made me quite nervous. 1. 主谓宾（S+V+O） 2. 主谓 (S+V) 3. 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+Oi+Od) 4. 主谓状 (S+V+A) 5. 主谓宾副 (S+V+O+A) 6. 主系表 (S+V+P) 7. 主谓宾补 (S+V+O+C) 【巩固练习】 一、句子成分划分题 1. The students（ ）are reading（ ）English books（ ）in the classroom（ ）. 2. My mother（ ）looks（ ）very young（ ）. 3. They（ ）often help（ ）the old people（ ）with housework（ ）. 4. The beautiful girl（ ）sang（ ）a sweet song（ ）at the party（ ）. 5. We（ ）found（ ）the story（ ）very interesting（ ）. 6. Tom（ ）can play（ ）the piano（ ）well（ ）. 7. Her father（ ）is（ ）a famous doctor（ ）. 8. The boy（ ）in blue（ ）runs（ ）fast（ ）. 9. I（ ）want（ ）to buy（ ）a new bike（ ）next week（ ）. 10. The film（ ）which we saw yesterday（ ）was（ ）exciting（ ）. 二、判断句子基本类型题 1. She dances beautifully. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主谓状 (S+V+A) D. 主系表 (S+V+P) 2. I love my parents. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+Oi+Od) D. 主谓宾补 (S+V+O+C) 3. He gave me a present. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+Oi+Od) D. 主谓宾副 (S+V+O+A) 4. They are happy. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主谓状 (S+V+A) D. 主系表 (S+V+P) 5. We found the room clean. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主谓宾补 (S+V+O+C) D. 主谓宾副 (S+V+O+A) 6. The sun rises in the east. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主谓状 (S+V+A) D. 主谓宾副 (S+V+O+A) 7. He bought a book yesterday. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主谓状 (S+V+A) D. 主谓宾副 (S+V+O+A) 8. She showed me her photos. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+Oi+Od) D. 主谓宾补 (S+V+O+C) 9. The food tastes delicious. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主系表 (S+V+P) D. 主谓宾补 (S+V+O+C) 10. They made the boy cry. （ ） A. 主谓宾（S+V+O） B. 主谓 (S+V) C. 主谓宾补 (S+V+O+C) D. 主谓宾副 (S+V+O+A) 三、根据句子类型造句题 1. 主谓宾（S+V+O）： ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 主谓 (S+V)： ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+Oi+Od)： ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 主谓状 (S+V+A)： ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 主谓宾副 (S+V+O+A)： ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 主系表 (S+V+P)： ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 主谓宾补 (S+V+O+C)： ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 主谓宾（再写一个不同的句子）： ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 主谓状（换一种状语类型）： ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 主系表（换一种系动词）： ________________________________________________________________________________ 四、句子成分选择填空题 1. In the sentence “I like the red apple”, “the red apple” is the ______. A. subject B. object C. predicate D. attributive 2. “She is a good student.” The underlined part “a good student” is ______. A. the object B. the predicative C. the adverbial D. the complement 3. In “He runs fast”, “fast” is a(n) ______ to describe the verb “runs”. A. adverbial B. object C. attribute D. complement 4. The word “angry” in “He looks angry” is used as ______. A. the subject B. the predicate C. the predicative D. the object 5. In the sentence “They gave me some advice”, “me” is the ______ and “some advice” is the ______. A. direct object; indirect object B. indirect object; direct object C. object; complement D. complement; object 6. “To see is to believe.” “To see” in this sentence is ______. A. the subject B. the predicate C. the object D. the adverbial 7. “We study hard at school.” “at school” is a(n) ______ in the sentence. A. object B. adverbial C. attribute D. complement 8. “The book on the desk is mine.” “on the desk” is a(n) ______ to modify “the book”. A. adverbial B. object C. attribute D. complement 9. “I heard him singing in the classroom.” “singing” is the ______ of “him”. A. object B. complement C. adverbial D. attribute 10. “What he said made me happy.” “What he said” is ______ and “happy” is ______. A. the subject; the complement B. the object; the predicative C. the subject; the predicative D. the object; the complement 五、句子改写题（根据要求改变句子成分或句子类型） 1. The boy is reading a book.（改为主谓状结构，地点状语为in the library） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. She bought a dress.（改为主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语结构，间接宾语为her mother） ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. They are tired.（改为主谓宾结构，宾语为a rest） ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. He gave me a pen.（改为主谓宾结构，去掉间接宾语） ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. We found the game exciting.（改为主系表结构，用the game作主语） ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. I run every morning.（改为主谓宾结构，宾语为a long distance） ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The flower smells nice.（改为主谓宾结构，宾语为the fragrance） ________________________________________________________________________________ 8. She showed her friends her new photos.（改为主谓宾结构，去掉间接宾语） ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. He works hard.（改为主谓宾补结构，补语为diligent） ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. It is sunny.（改为主谓宾结构，宾语为the good weather） ________________________________________________________________________________ 答案 句子成分划分题 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 主语；谓语；宾语；状语 2. 主语；系动词；表语 3. 主语；谓语；宾语；状语 4. 主语；谓语；宾语；状语 5. 主语；谓语；宾语；宾语补足语 6. 主语；谓语；宾语；状语 7. 主语；系动词；表语 8. 主语；谓语；状语 9. 主语；谓语；宾语；状语 10. 主语；定语；系动词；表语 判断句子基本类型题 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. C 根据句子类型造句题（答案不唯一） 1. I eat an apple. 2. The birds fly. 3. My father gave me a toy. 4. They play football on the playground. 5. He watches TV carefully. 6. She is a nurse. 7. We made the room clean. 8. He likes music. 9. I go to school by bike. 10. The milk tastes good. 句子成分选择填空题 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A 句子改写题 1. The boy is reading a book in the library. 2. She bought her mother a dress. 3. They want a rest. 4. He bought a pen. 5. The game is exciting. 6. I run a long distance every morning. 7. He smells the fragrance. 8. She showed her new photos. 9. He works hard and is diligent. 10. I enjoy the good weather. $$