高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍（2019年全国1卷&2卷）-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍 （2019年全国1卷&2卷） 【2019全国1卷A】 Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible (符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities (社区). Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities (机会) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 21. What is special about Summer Company? A. It requires no training before employment. B. It provides awards for running new businesses. C. It allows one to work in the natural environment. D. It offers more summer job opportunities. 22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17. 23. Which program favors the disabled? A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company. C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities. 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. provides 3. hands-on business training 4. awards 5. up to $3,000 6. run 7. businesses 8. aged 16 9. hire 10. turning 18 11. persons 12. disability 13. special 14. requires 15. employment 16. allows 17. natural environment 18. offers 19. opportunities 20. age range 21. favors the disabled 【2019全国1卷B】 For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K] “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 24. What made Chris nervous? A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question. 25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes. 26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________. A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students’ love for politics 27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding. 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. speech day 3. right now 4. turn 5. joker 6. with shining dark eyes 7. seems like 8. public speaking 9. nervous 10. trips 11. pronunciation difficulty 12. non-native English speakers 13. whispering support 14. except for 15. amazingly 16. presidential campaign project 17. raise their hands 18. broke his heart 19. more than 20. speak in public 21. best qualities 22. difficult 23. confident 24. making a speech 25. taking a test 26. underlined word 27. improper pauses 28. bad manners 29. spelling mistakes 30. silly jokes 31. infer 32. purpose 33. own 34. strengths 35. assess 36. skills 37. prepare 38. future jobs 39. inspire 40. politics 41. humorous 42. ambitious 43. caring 44. demanding 【2019全国1卷C】 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.  28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?       A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.       C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection. 29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?      A. Computers are much easier to operate.  B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.      C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.  D. Data security measures are guaranteed. 30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？ A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon. C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing. 31. Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine. 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. data 3. identity theft 4. common 5. market 6. technologies 7. fingerprint scans 8. keep others out of private e-spaces 9. at present 10. still expensive 11. though 12. researchers 13. come up with 14. low-cost 15. gets around this problem 16. require 17. familiar 18. keyboard 19. types differently 20. pretty straightforward 21. commercialize 22. is mostly made of 23. inexpensive 24. plastic-like parts 25. make it to market 26. develop 27. reduce pressure 28. keys 29. improve accuracy 30. typing 31. replace the password system 32. cut the cost 33. protection 34. invention 35. possible 36. operate 37. vary from person to person 38. data security measures 39. guaranteed 40. expect 41. environment-friendly 42. reach consumers 43. be made of plastics 44. speed up typing 45. a diary 46. a guidebook 47. a novel 48. a magazine 【2019全国1卷D】 During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.” Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date — sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool. 33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior. 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice — You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better C. Be the Best — You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 【英语词汇及表达】【英文词汇及表】 1. rosy years 2. sharing my dolls 3. jokes 4. allowed 5. high social status 6. queen 7. playground 8. popularity 9. well-explored subject 10. social psychology 11. professor 12. clinical psychology 13. sorts...into... 14. the popular 15. categories 16. the likable 17. the status seekers 18. the least well-liked teens 19. aggressive 20. over time 21. it clearly showed that 22. while 23. likability 24. lead to healthy adjustment 25. the opposite effect 26. is related to 27. positive life outcomes 28. is responsible for 29. creates 30. opportunities 31. experiences 32. gain an advantage 33. sort 34. author 35. unkind 36. lonely 37. generous 38. cool 39. mainly 40. classification 41. characteristics 42. adolescents 43. the importance of 44. interpersonal skills 45. the causes of 46. dishonorable behavior 47. appeared to 48. tended to 49. adaptable 50. performed well academically 51. the best title 52. make it 53. self-control 【2019全国2卷A】 My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It’s about two sisters – Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Fynn There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable. The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 21. Who does “I” refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl. 22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri? A. Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda. C. After Dark. D. The Stand.[来源:学科网] 23. What kind of book is Gone Girl? A. A folk tale. B. A biography. C. A love story. D. A horror story. 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. writer 3. co-author 4. lifestyle 5. picks her top reads 6. model 7. either...or... 8. a bit of 9. planet 10. horror 11. story 12. brilliant 13. refer to 14. following 15. folk tale 16. biography 【2019全国2卷B】 “You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse (长曲棍球) club. I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on. At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community (社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good. In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies? 24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1? A. She knows little about the club. B. She isn’t good at sports. C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer. D. She’s unable to meet her schedule. 25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Encourage teamwork. B. Appeal to feelings. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice. 26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3? A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids. C. She’ll work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper. 27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy. C. It enables her to work hard. D. It brings her material rewards. 【英语词汇及表达】 1. volunteers 2. actual reply 3. put out a request 4. guess 5. probably 6. demanding work schedule 7. social anxiety 8. stepping up 9. unknown 10. persuading 11. mention 12. single 13. running the show 14. coaching a team 15. at this point 16. unwilling 17. speaks up 18. organizes 19. sends out emails 20. collects money 21. end-of-season gifts 22. along the way 23. same 24. ends up 25. invaluable member 26. connecting to 27. freely 28. services 29. provides a real joy 30. volunteering 31. in that sense 32. pretty sure 33. a selfish act 34. admit 35. infer about 36. knows little about the club 37. isn’t good at 38. is unable to 39. meet her schedule 40. underlined phrase 41. encourage teamwork 42. appeal to feelings 43. promote good deeds 44. provide advice 45. gets interested in 46. is proud of 47. helper 48. author 49. a sense of duty 50. enables her to 51. brings her material rewards 【2019全国2卷C】 Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. “I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said. Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.” That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 30. What do we know about Mazoleny? A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology. 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. 46 percent 3. meals 4. eaten alone 5. more than half 6. nearly 7. dinnertime 8. statistics 9. report 10. prefer to 11. looking up 12. downtown 13. coworkers 14. works through lunch 15. a lunchtime escape 16. allows 17. keep a boss from 18. tapping her on the shoulder 19. returns to 20. energized 21. local 22. bar 23. check his phone 24. in peace 25. chat up the barkeeper 26. on a first-name basis 27. reflect on 28. the rest of the week 29. chance 30. self-reflection 31. recharged 32. freedom 33. choose 34. reason 35. there was a time when... 36. awkward 37. asking for a table 38. over 39. smartphones 40. keep us company at the table 41. advances in technology 42. company 43. food variety 44. eating habits 45. table manners 46. restaurant service 47. catch up with 48. on her own 49. collect data 50. makes videos 51. is fond of 52. interviews customers 53. is familiar with 54. mainly 55. trend 56. the importance of 57. stress 58. working overtime 59. advantage 60. wireless technology 【2019全国2卷D】 Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution (解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager. “There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.” Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. 32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution. C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments. 33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills. C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education. 34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs. C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. bacteria 3. annoying problem 4. astronauts 5. uncontrollably 6. surfaces 7. designed 8. connect 9. engineers 10. studying ways 11. kill 12. zero gravity 13. are close to 14. an in-person review 15. at times 16. a hard business review 17. product 18. program 19. college admissions 20. practical life skills 21. are so absorbed in 22. studies 23. sit back 24. emailing daily 25. readying a workable solution 26. test in space 27. are hard to get rid of 28. lead to air pollution 29. appear in different forms 30. damage the instruments 31. purpose 32. strengthen teacher-student relationships 33. sharpen students’ communication skills 34. allow 35. experience 36. link...with... 37. space technology 38. education 39. check 40. guide project designs 41. adjust work schedules 42. grade 43. best title 44. final homework 45. frontier 46. nature 47. outdoor 48. reform $$ 高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍 （2019年全国1卷&2卷） 2019全国1卷A 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 词汇背诵 1. provides 提供 2. hands-on business training 实战商业培训 3. awards 奖金，奖励 4. up to $3,000 高达3000美元 5. run 运营，经营 6. businesses 企业，商业 7. aged 16 16岁 8. hire 聘用，雇用 9. turning 18 即将满18岁 10. persons 人士，人们 11. disability 残疾 12. special 特别的，特殊的 13. requires 需要 14. employment 就业 15. allows 允许 16. natural environment 自然环境 17. offers 提供 18. opportunities 机会 19. age range 年龄范围 20. favors the disabled 有利于残疾人 【英语词汇及表达】 1. 2. provides 3. hands-on business training 4. awards 5. up to $3,000 6. run 7. businesses 8. aged 16 9. hire 10. turning 18 11. persons 12. disability 13. special 14. requires 15. employment 16. allows 17. natural environment 18. offers 19. opportunities 20. age range 21. favors the disabled 2019全国1卷A Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible (符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities (社区). Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities (机会) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 21. What is special about Summer Company? A. It requires no training before employment. B. It provides awards for running new businesses. C. It allows one to work in the natural environment. D. It offers more summer job opportunities. 22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17. 23. Which program favors the disabled? A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company. C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities. 2019全国1卷A Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible (符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities (社区). Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities (机会) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 21. What is special about Summer Company? A. It requires no training before employment. B. It provides awards for running new businesses. C. It allows one to work in the natural environment. D. It offers more summer job opportunities. 22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17. 23. Which program favors the disabled? A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company. C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities. 2019全国1卷A 答案与解析 21. B 事实细节题 根据第五段Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. 可知，Summer Company 为创业者提供奖金。 22. D 事实细节题 根据第八段Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. 可知答案。 23. D 事实细节题 根据最后一段最后一句Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.可知，Summer Employment Opportunities 给有残疾的人提供工作优待。 全文翻译： 需要暑期工作吗？ 省政府及其合作伙伴提供许多项目，帮助学生找到暑期工作。申请的截止日期和所需材料取决于具体的项目。 不是学生？访问政府网站，了解可供30岁以下人士全年使用的技能培训、找工作或创业的计划和在线工具。 青年工作 如果你是一个居住在省内特定地区的青少年，你可能符合这个项目的条件，该项目提供为期八周的有偿就业和培训。 谁符合条件：15-18岁的青少年，限于选定的社区。 暑期公司 暑期公司为学生提供实践性的商业培训，并提供高达3000美元的奖金，用于启动和运营他们自己的暑期企业。 谁符合条件：15-29岁的学生，秋季返回学校。 管理青年护林员计划 你可以申请成为一名管理青年护林员，在今年夏天的八周内参与当地的自然资源管理项目。 谁符合条件：在聘用时年满16或17岁的学生，但在今年的12月31日之前不会满18岁。 暑期就业机会 通过暑期就业机会项目，每年都会雇佣学生在省公共服务、其相关机构和社区团体的各种暑期职位。 谁符合条件：15岁及以上的学生。一些职位要求学生年龄在15至24岁之间，或者对于残疾人士可达29岁。 接下来是问题的答案： 21. 暑期公司有什么特别之处？ A. 它不需要在就业前进行培训。 B. 它为运营新企业提供奖金。 C. 它允许在自然环境中工作。 D. 它提供更多的暑期工作机会。 22. 管理青年护林员计划要求的年龄范围是什么？ A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17. 23. 哪个项目对残疾人有利？ A. 青年工作。 B. 暑期公司。 C. 管理青年护林员计划。 D. 暑期就业机会。 2019全国1卷B 词汇背诵 1. speech day 演讲日 2. right now 现在，目前 3. turn 轮次，机会 4. joker 爱开玩笑的人，小丑 5. with shining dark eyes 闪烁着明亮的黑眼睛 6. seems like 看起来像是 7. public speaking 公开演讲 8. nervous 紧张的 9. trips 绊倒，失足 10. pronunciation difficulty 发音困难 11. non-native English speakers 非母语英语者 12. whispering support 低声支持 13. except for 除了 14. amazingly 令人惊讶地 15. presidential campaign project 总统竞选项目 16. raise their hands 举手 17. broke his heart 使他心碎 18. more than 不仅仅是 19. speak in public 公开演讲 20. best qualities 最好的品质 21. difficult 困难的 22. confident 自信的 23. making a speech 做演讲 24. taking a test 参加考试 25. underlined word 划线词语 26. improper pauses 不适当的停顿 27. bad manners 坏举止 28. spelling mistakes 拼写错误 29. silly jokes 愚蠢的笑话 30. infer 推断 31. purpose 目的 32. own 自己的 33. strengths 优势 34. assess 评估 35. skills 技能 36. prepare 准备 37. future jobs 未来工作 38. inspire 激发 39. politics 政治 40. humorous 幽默的 41. ambitious 有抱负的 42. caring 关怀的 43. demanding 要求严格的 2019全国1卷B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. speech day 2. right now 3. turn 4. joker 5. with shining dark eyes 6. seems like 7. public speaking 8. nervous 9. trips 10. pronunciation difficulty 11. non-native English speakers 12. whispering support 13. except for 14. amazingly 15. presidential campaign project 16. raise their hands 17. broke his heart 18. more than 19. speak in public 20. best qualities 21. difficult 22. confident 23. making a speech 24. taking a test 25. underlined word 26. improper pauses 27. bad manners 28. spelling mistakes 29. silly jokes 30. infer 31. purpose 32. own 33. strengths 34. assess 35. skills 36. prepare 37. future jobs 38. inspire 39. politics 40. humorous 41. ambitious 42. caring 43. demanding 2019全国1卷B For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K] “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 24. What made Chris nervous? A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question. 25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes. 26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________. A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students’ love for politics 27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding. 2019全国1卷B For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me …” Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls (回想起) how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K] “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 24. What made Chris nervous? A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question. 25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes. 26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________. A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students’ love for politics 27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding. 2019全国1卷B 答案与解析 24. B 事实细节题 根据第一段 ... today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn和第二段But he’s nervous可知Chris因为要作演讲而紧张。 25. A词义猜测题 根据第二段to tell you today why you should … should … Chris trips on the …可知Chris因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。 26. A 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.和最后一段boasting about yourself, and your best qualities可推知，Whaley老师发起总统竞选活动是为了帮助学生建立自信，看到自己的优点，strength意为“优点”，故答案选A。 27. C 推理判断题 本文主要介绍了Canaan Elementary二年级老师Thomas Whaley发起一项总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点，由此可推知Whaley老师是一个很有爱心、关心学生的老师。 全文翻译： 对于纽约州帕乔格的迦南小学二年级来说，今天是演讲日，现在轮到克里斯·帕拉埃兹了。这位8岁的孩子是班上的小丑。他有着闪闪发光的深色眼睛，看起来像是会喜欢公开演讲的孩子。 但他很紧张。“我今天在这里告诉你们为什么你应该……应该……”克里斯在“-ld”上绊倒了，这对于许多非母语英语说话者来说是一个发音难题。他的老师，托马斯·惠利，在他身边，低声给予支持。“……投票给……我……”除了一些磕磕绊绊，克里斯做得非常好。当他圆满地结束演讲时，惠利邀请全班同学表扬他。 克里斯是移民的儿子，大约三年前开始学习英语。惠利回想起，在一年开始的时候，当被叫到阅读时，克里斯会找借口去洗手间。 学习英语作为第二语言可能是一个痛苦的经历。你需要的是一个很好的老师，他让你犯错。“这对任何学生来说都需要很多，”惠利解释说，“特别是对于一个正在学习英语作为他们的新语言的学生，要有足够的信心说，‘我不知道，但我想知道。’” 惠利有一天问孩子们，如果他们认为自己永远不可能成为总统，请举手，他从这个想法中得到了这个二年级总统竞选项目的想法。答案让他心碎。惠利说，这个项目不仅仅是学习阅读和公开演讲。他希望这些孩子们学会夸耀自己。 “夸耀你自己，以及你最好的品质，”惠利说，“对于一个进入教室时不自信的孩子来说是非常困难的。” 接下来是问题的答案： 24. 什么让克里斯感到紧张？ A. 讲故事。 B. 做演讲。 C. 参加考试。 D. 回答问题。 25. 第二段中划线的“stumbles”一词指的是什么？ A. 不适当的停顿。 B. 糟糕的举止。 C. 拼写错误。 D. 愚蠢的笑话。 26. 我们可以推断惠利项目的目的是什么？ A. 帮助学生看到自己的优势 B. 评估学生的公开演讲技能 C. 为学生的未来工作做准备 D. 激发学生对政治的热爱 27. 以下哪项最能描述惠利作为一名老师？ A. 幽默的。 B. 有抱负的。 C. 关怀的。 D. 要求严格的。 2019全国1卷C 词汇背诵 1. data 数据 2. identity theft 身份盗窃 3. common 常见的 4. market 市场 5. technologies 技术 6. fingerprint scans 指纹扫描 7. keep others out of private e-spaces 阻止他人进入私人电子空间 8. at present 目前 9. still expensive 仍然昂贵 10. though 尽管如此 11. researchers 研究人员 12. come up with 想出，提出 13. low-cost 低成本的 14. gets around this problem 解决这个问题 15. require 需要 16. familiar 熟悉的 17. keyboard 键盘 18. types differently 打字方式不同 19. pretty straightforward 相当直接的 20. commercialize 商业化 21. is mostly made of 主要由...制成 22. inexpensive 便宜的 23. plastic-like parts 类似塑料的部件 24. make it to market 进入市场 25. develop 开发 26. reduce pressure 减轻压力 27. keys 键 28. improve accuracy 提高准确性 29. typing 打字 30. replace the password system 取代密码系统 31. cut the cost 降低成本 32. protection 保护 33. invention 发明 34. possible 可能的 35. operate 操作 36. vary from person to person 因人而异 37. data security measures 数据安全措施 38. guaranteed 保证的 39. expect 期望 40. environment-friendly 环境友好的 41. reach consumers 到达消费者 42. be made of plastics 由塑料制成 43. speed up typing 加快打字速度 44. a diary 日记 45. a guidebook 指南书 46. a novel 小说 47. a magazine 杂志 2019全国1卷C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. data 2. identity theft 3. common 4. market 5. technologies 6. fingerprint scans 7. keep others out of private e-spaces 8. at present 9. still expensive 10. , though 11. researchers 12. come up with 13. low-cost 14. gets around this problem 15. require 16. familiar 17. keyboard 18. types differently 19. pretty straightforward 20. commercialize 21. is mostly made of 22. inexpensive 23. plastic-like parts 24. make it to market 25. develop 26. reduce pressure 27. keys 28. improve accuracy 29. typing 30. replace the password system 31. cut the cost 32. protection 33. invention 34. possible 35. operate 36. vary from person to person 37. data security measures 38. guaranteed 39. expect 40. environment-friendly 41. reach consumers 42. be made of plastics 43. speed up typing 44. a diary 45. a guidebook 46. a novel 47. a magazine 2019全国1卷C As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.  28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?       A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.       C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection. 29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?      A. Computers are much easier to operate. B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.      C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.  D. Data security measures are guaranteed. 30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？ A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon. C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing. 31. Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine. 2019全国1卷C As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies — like fingerprint scans — to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right. It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.  28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?       A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.       C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection. 29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?      A. Computers are much easier to operate.    B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.      C. Typing patterns vary from person to person. D. Data security measures are guaranteed. 30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？ A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon. C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing. 31. Where is this text most likely from? A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine. 2019全国1卷C 答案与解析 28. D 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句At present, these technologies are still expensive, though和第二段第一句 … they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem可知，研发智能键盘的目的是为了降低保护电子空间的成本。 29. C 事实细节题 根据第三段Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently可知，人与人打字的模式不同，使得这一发明能够实现其功能。 30. B 事实细节题 根据最后一段the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future可知，实现智能键盘商业化很容易，并且其造价并不昂贵，因此研发团队希望在不久的将来能将其投放市场。 31. D 推理判断题 本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，由此可推断本文最有可能刊登在 (科学) 杂志上。 全文翻译： 随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，市场对生物测量技术（如指纹扫描）的需求日益增长，这些技术可以阻止他人进入私人电子空间。目前，这些技术仍然昂贵。 来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员表示，他们已经想出了一个低成本的装置来解决这个问题：一个智能键盘。这个智能键盘可以精确测量人们打字的节奏和手指对每个键施加的压力。通过分析用户的打字力度和按键间隔等信息，键盘可以提供强大的安全层，因为这些模式对每个人来说都是独一无二的。因此，键盘可以确定人们的身份，进而决定是否允许他们访问与之连接的计算机——无论某人是否正确输入了密码。 它也不需要人们不熟悉的新型技术。每个人都使用键盘，每个人的打字方式都不同。 在一项描述该技术的研究中，研究人员让100名志愿者使用智能键盘四次输入单词“touch”。从设备收集的数据可以根据人们的打字方式识别不同的参与者，错误率非常低。研究人员表示，键盘应该很容易商业化，主要由不昂贵的类似塑料的部件制成。团队希望在不久的将来将其推向市场。 28. 研究人员为什么要开发智能键盘？ A. 减轻按键压力。 B. 提高打字准确性。 C. 取代密码系统。 D. 降低电子空间保护的成本。 29. 什么使得智能键盘的发明成为可能？ A. 计算机操作变得更加简单。 B. 指纹扫描技术发展迅速。 C. 每个人的打字模式各不相同。 D. 数据安全措施得到保证。 30. 研究人员对智能键盘有什么期望？ A. 它将对环境友好。 B. 它将很快到达消费者手中。 C. 它将由塑料制成。 D. 它将帮助加快打字速度。 31. 这篇文章最有可能来自哪里？ A. 日记。 B. 指南书。 C. 小说。 D. 杂志。 2019全国1卷D 词汇背诵 1. rosy years 美好的年代 2. sharing my dolls 分享我的洋娃娃 3. jokes 笑话 4. allowed 允许 5. high social status 高社交地位 6. queen 女王 7. playground 操场 8. popularity 受欢迎 9. well-explored subject 被广泛研究的主题 10. social psychology 社会心理学 11. professor 教授 12. clinical psychology 临床心理学 13. sorts...into... 将...分类为... 14. the popular 受欢迎的人 15. categories 类别 16. the likable 讨人喜欢的 17. the status seekers 追求地位的人 18. the least well-liked teens 最不受欢迎的青少年 19. aggressive 攻击性的 20. over time 随着时间的推移 21. it clearly showed that 这清楚地表明 22. while 虽然 23. likability 讨人喜欢 24. lead to healthy adjustment 导致健康的调整 25. the opposite effect 相反的效果 26. is related to 与...有关 27. positive life outcomes 积极的生活结果 28. is responsible for 负责 29. creates 创建 30. opportunities 机会 31. experiences 经历 32. gain an advantage 获得优势 33. sort 分类 34. author 作者 35. unkind 不友善的 36. lonely 孤独的 37. generous 慷慨的 38. cool 酷的 39. mainly 主要 40. classification 分类 41. characteristics 特点 42. adolescents 青少年 43. the importance of 重要性 44. interpersonal skills 人际关系技能 45. the causes of 原因 46. dishonorable behavior 不光彩的行为 47. appeared to 似乎 48. tended to 倾向于 49. adaptable 适应性强的 50. performed well academically 学术表现优异 51. the best title 最佳标题 52. make it 成功 53. self-control 自我控制 54. aggressiveness 攻击性 2019全国1卷D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. rosy years 2. sharing my dolls 3. jokes 4. allowed 5. high social status 6. queen 7. playground 8. popularity 9. well-explored subject 10. social psychology 11. professor 12. clinical psychology 13. sorts...into... 14. the popular 15. categories 16. the likable 17. the status seekers 18. the least well-liked teens 19. aggressive 20. over time 21. it clearly showed that 22. while 23. likability 24. lead to healthy adjustment 25. the opposite effect 26. is related to 27. positive life outcomes 28. is responsible for 29. creates 30. opportunities 31. experiences 32. gain an advantage 33. sort 34. author 35. unkind 36. lonely 37. generous 38. cool 39. mainly 40. classification 41. characteristics 42. adolescents 43. the importance of 44. interpersonal skills 45. the causes of 46. dishonorable behavior 47. appeared to 48. tended to 49. adaptable 50. performed well academically 51. the best title 52. make it 53. self-control 54. aggressiveness 2019全国1卷D During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.” Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date — sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool. 33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior. 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice — You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better C. Be the Best — You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 2019全国1卷D During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.” Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date — sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool. 33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior. 34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice — You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Better C. Be the Best — You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 2019全国1卷D 答案与解析 32. C 推理判断题 根据题干中的elementary school可将答案定位到第一段第一句，该句提到I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，可推断出，作者在小学时期是一个慷慨大方的女孩。 33. A 事实细节题 本题需要整体理解第二段内容，归纳其段落大意。本段前两句为主旨句，提出受欢迎度这一概念，并且介绍了Mitch Prinstein的理论，把受欢迎的人分为两类，后面围绕这两种分类展开论述。classification与第二句中的categories为同义异构现象。 34. B 推理判断题 根据第二段中的The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities … when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. 以及第四段中的We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.可知，最不受欢迎的青少年会对同学变得不友好。那些地位高的人也会出现这种情况。讨人喜欢的能力会在今后的生活和工作中发挥作用，带来良好的适应力。由此可推断，最受欢迎的孩子往往适应能力更强。adaptable与本段中的adjustment为同义异构现象。 35. A 主旨大意题 纵观全文，作者论述受欢迎度对青少年的影响。本题A选项学生理解起来较困难，可通过排除法去做，B选项“地位越高越好”，显然违背文章主旨；C选项“成为最好的自己，你可以的”，有一定干扰性，但文中没有提到成为最好的，而是要成为最受欢迎的；D选项“多一些自我控制，少一些攻击性”，文中没有提到自我控制。再根据最后一段中的Being liked (讨人喜欢) creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage可推知，正确选项为A “友善一点 (讨人喜欢)”，你将不会排在最后 (你不会完蛋 / 你会笑到最后)。finish 获得 (名次)，如finish first / second etc.。 全文翻译： 在小学那些美好的年代里，我喜欢分享我的洋娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高社交地位。我是操场上的女王。然后就是我的青少年时期，那些刻薄的女孩和酷孩子们出现了。他们之所以能晋升，并不是因为友好，而是通过吸烟、违反规则和捉弄他人，很快我就发现自己也成了其中一员。 在社会心理学中，受欢迎是一个被广泛研究的主题。 Mitch Prinstein，一位临床心理学教授，将受欢迎的人分为两类：讨人喜欢的和追求地位的人。讨人喜欢的人的“与他人相处融洽”的品质加强了校园友谊，启动了人际关系技能，如果早期发掘，这些品质会在以后的生活和工作中一直被利用。然后是那种在青春期出现的受欢迎：基于权力甚至不光彩行为的地位。 尽管那些酷孩子们看起来令人羡慕，但Prinstein博士的研究表明了不愉快的后果。那些在高中地位最高的人，以及在小学最不受欢迎的人，“最有可能从事危险和冒险的行为”。 在一项研究中，Prinstein博士调查了235名青少年的两种受欢迎类型，根据学生调查，评分最低喜欢的人、最喜欢和地位最高的人。“我们发现最不受欢迎的青少年随着时间的推移对同学变得更加激进。但地位高的人也是如此。这清楚地表明，虽然讨人喜欢可以导致健康的调整，高地位对我们有相反的效果。” Prinstein博士还发现，那些让邻居希望你参加游戏日期的品质——分享、善良、开放——延续到以后的岁月，使你更能与他人建立联系和联系。 在分析他和其他研究后，Prinstein博士得出了另一个结论：讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果有关，它也负责这些结果。“被人喜欢创造了学习和新的生活体验的机会，这有助于某人获得优势，”他说。 32. 作者在小学早期是什么样的女孩？ A. 不友善的。 B. 孤独的。 C. 慷慨的。 D. 酷的。 33. 第二段主要关于什么？ A. 受欢迎者的分类。 B. 青少年的特点。 C. 人际关系技能的重要性。 D. 不光彩行为的原因。 34. Prinstein博士的研究发现最受欢迎孩子的情况是什么？ A. 他们看起来具有攻击性。 B. 他们倾向于更具适应性。 C. 他们享有最高的地位。 D. 他们在学术上表现优异。 35. 文本的最佳标题是什么？ A. 友好——你不会最后完成 B. 地位越高越好 C. 做到最好——你能做到 D. 更多自我控制，更少攻击性 2019全国2卷A 词汇背诵 1. writer 作家 2. co-author 合著者 3. lifestyle 生活方式 4. picks her top reads 挑选她最喜欢的读物 5. model 模特 6. either...or... 要么...要么... 7. a bit of 一点儿，稍微 8. planet 星球，地球 9. horror 恐怖 10. story 故事 11. brilliant 精彩的，卓越的 12. refer to 指的是 13. following 以下的，接下来的 14. folk tale 民间故事 15. biography 传记 【英语词汇及表达】 1. writer 2. co-author 3. lifestyle 4. picks her top reads 5. model 6. either...or... 7. a bit of 8. planet 9. horror 10. story 11. brilliant 12. refer to 13. following 14. folk tale 15. biography 2019全国2卷A My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It’s about two sisters – Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Fynn There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable. The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 21. Who does “I” refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl. 22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri? A. Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda. C. After Dark. D. The Stand.[来源:学科网] 23. What kind of book is Gone Girl? A. A folk tale. B. A biography. C. A love story. D. A horror story. 2019全国2卷A My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It’s about two sisters – Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Fynn There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable. The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world’s population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 21. Who does “I” refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl. 22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri? A. Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda. C. After Dark. D. The Stand.[来源:学科网] 23. What kind of book is Gone Girl? A. A folk tale. B. A biography. C. A love story. D. A horror story. 2019全国2卷A 答案与解析 21. C 推理判断题 根据第一段及该段最后一句Here she picks her top reads.可知，下文介绍作家Jo Usmar选出的最好的读物，所以下文中的“I”指的是Jo Usmar。 22. C 事实细节题 根据After Dark的相关内容中It’s about two sisters — Eri，a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student.可知答案。 23. D 事实细节题 根据Gone Girl的相关内容中There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. 可知答案。 全文翻译： 我最喜欢的书 乔·厄斯马尔是《时尚》杂志的作家，也是《这本书将会》系列生活方式书籍的合著者。在这里，她挑选了她最喜欢的读物。 玛蒂尔达 罗尔德·达尔 我曾经写过一篇关于童话对罗尔德·达尔写作影响的论文，这让我对他的奇异和愉快的世界有了新的欣赏。玛蒂尔达与她残忍的父母和专横的校长，特朗奇布尔小姐的斗争既有趣又可怕，但它们也是令人向往的。 黑暗之后 村上春树 这是关于两个姐妹——惠理，一个模特，她要么不愿意要么不能停止睡觉，还有真理，一个年轻的学生。在试图与她的姐姐建立联系的过程中，真理开始改变她的生活，并发现了一个多样化的“夜行者”世界，他们隐藏着秘密。 消失的女孩 吉莉安·弗林 当地球上其他人都爱这本书时，我有一部分不想去爱，但这个恐怖故事是精彩的。从一开始，尼克和艾米就为你的信任而战，充满了紧张和焦虑。这是一个真正的侦探故事，当你意识到发生了什么时，那种挫败感是可怕的享受。 立场 斯蒂芬·金 这是来自最会讲故事的人之一的优秀奇幻小说。在一场严重的流感爆发消灭了世界99.4%的人口后，幸存者之间展开了一场善与恶的战斗。兰德尔·弗拉格是有史以来最可怕的角色之一。 21. 文中的“我”指的是谁？ A. 斯蒂芬·金。 B. 吉莉安·弗林。 C. 乔·厄斯马尔。 D. 罗尔德·达尔。 22. 以下哪本书讲述了玛丽和惠理的故事？ A. 《时尚》。 B. 《玛蒂尔达》。 C. 《黑暗之后》。 D. 《立场》。 23. 《消失的女孩》是一本什么类型的书？ A. 民间故事。 B. 传记。 C. 爱情故事。 D. 恐怖故事。 2019全国2卷B 词汇背诵 1. volunteers 志愿者 2. actual reply 真实回复 3. put out a request 发出请求 4. guess 猜测 5. probably 大概 6. demanding work schedule 紧张的工作计划 7. social anxiety 社交焦虑 8. stepping up 挺身而出 9. unknown 未知的 10. persuading 说服 11. mention 提及 12. single 单身的 13. running the show 负责整个活动 14. coaching a team 执教一个队伍 15. at this point 在这一点上 16. unwilling 不情愿的 17. speaks up 发言 18. organizes 组织 19. sends out emails 发送电子邮件 20. collects money 收集资金 21. end-of-season gifts 季末礼物 22. along the way 在途中 23. same 相同的 24. ends up 结果是 25. invaluable member 宝贵的成员 26. connecting to 连接到 27. freely 自由地 28. services 服务 29. provides a real joy 提供真正的快乐 30. volunteering 志愿服务 31. in that sense 从这个意义上说 32. pretty sure 相当确定 33. a selfish act 自私的行为 34. admit 承认 35. infer about 推断 36. knows little about the club 对俱乐部知之甚少 37. isn’t good at 不擅长 38. is unable to 无法 39. meet her schedule 安排时间 40. underlined phrase 划线短语 41. encourage teamwork 鼓励团队合作 42. appeal to feelings 触动感情 43. promote good deeds 促进好事 44. provide advice 提供建议 45. gets interested in 对...产生兴趣 46. is proud of 为...感到骄傲 47. helper 帮手 48. author 作者 49. a sense of duty 责任感 50. enables her to 使她能够 51. brings her material rewards 给她带来物质回报 2019全国2卷B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. volunteers 2. actual reply 3. put out a request 4. guess 5. probably 6. demanding work schedule 7. social anxiety 8. stepping up 9. unknown 10. persuading 11. mention 12. single 13. running the show 14. coaching a team 15. at this point 16. unwilling 17. speaks up 18. organizes 19. sends out emails 20. collects money 21. end-of-season gifts 22. along the way 23. same 24. ends up 25. invaluable member 26. connecting to 27. freely 28. services 29. provides a real joy 30. volunteering 31. in that sense 32. pretty sure 33. a selfish act 34. admit 35. infer about 36. knows little about the club 37. isn’t good at 38. is unable to 39. meet her schedule 40. underlined phrase 41. encourage teamwork 42. appeal to feelings 43. promote good deeds 44. provide advice 45. gets interested in 46. is proud of 47. helper 48. author 49. a sense of duty 50. enables her to 51. brings her material rewards 2019全国2卷B “You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse (长曲棍球) club. I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on. At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community (社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good. In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies? 24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1? A. She knows little about the club. B. She isn’t good at sports. C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer. D. She’s unable to meet her schedule. 25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Encourage teamwork. B. Appeal to feelings. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice. 26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3? A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids. C. She’ll work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper. 27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy. C. It enables her to work hard. D. It brings her material rewards. 2019全国2卷B “You can use me as a last resort (选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse (长曲棍球) club. I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on. At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community (社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good. In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies? 24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1? A. She knows little about the club. B. She isn’t good at sports. C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer. D. She’s unable to meet her schedule. 25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Encourage teamwork. B. Appeal to feelings. C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice. 26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3? A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids. C. She’ll work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper. 27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy. C. It enables her to work hard. D. It brings her material rewards. 2019全国2卷B 24. C 推理判断题 根据第一段的You can use me as a last resort, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.可知，这位家长说如果其他人都不愿意做志愿者的工作，她会做这份工作，作者可以把她当作最后的备选。言外之意就是她不愿意做志愿者的工作。 25. B 词义猜测题 heartstrings是由heart + strings组成，可知此短语与心情有关。由上文可知，作者猜测这位家长对于参与一项不熟悉的运动可能有一些顾虑，作者需要说服她。由I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on.可知，作者提到了一位有四个孩子的单亲家长负责该活动；一位爸爸即便自己孩子没有加入球队，也给该球队执教。由此可猜测出作者是想从感情上打动这位家长。 26. D 事实细节题 根据第三段的Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.可知，这位家长后来成为社团里的一个有力帮手。 27. B 事实细节题 根据第四段的Connecting to the community as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.可知，做志愿者使作者很快乐。 全文翻译： “你可以把我当作最后的选择，如果没有其他人自愿参加，那么我会去做。”这是我在为孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部请求志愿者后，一个家长的真实回复。 我猜可能有一些紧迫的工作安排，或者是在帮助一个未知运动方面的社交焦虑。她可能只是需要一点说服。所以我再次尝试，并且触动心弦。我提到了一个独自带着四个孩子运作的单亲家长，我谈到了一个教练，他的孩子们甚至不在他执教的球队里。此时，不情愿的家长开口了，“好吧。是的，我会去做的。” 我暗自松了一口气，因为我知道在许多人之间分享志愿者责任有真正的力量。不情愿的家长组织了餐饮安排，发送电子邮件，并为季末礼物收集资金。在这个过程中，同一个家长最终成为了团队中不可或缺的一员。教练能够专注于孩子们，而其他家长也松了一口气，因为他们又可以摆脱一个赛季的责任了。为渴望的孩子分发切片橙子，可以和观看自己孩子进球一样令人兴奋。 尽管如此，当赛季结束时，我们大多数志愿者都会松一口气。这种宽慰伴随着一个深刻的理解，为什么相同的人会不断地回来做更多：当你自由地给予你的时间、金钱、技能或服务时，与社区的联系提供了真正的快乐。志愿服务感觉真好。 从这个意义上说，我相当确定志愿服务比我愿不愿意承认的更多的是一个自私的行为。然而，如果其他人在这个过程中受益，我也得到了一些回报，我的动机在哪里真的重要吗？ 24. 根据第一段中家长的回复，我们可以推断出什么？ A. 她对俱乐部知之甚少。B. 她不擅长运动。C. 她只是不想做志愿者。D. 她无法安排时间。 25. 第二段中划线的短语“tug at the heartstrings”是什么意思？ A. 鼓励团队合作。 B. 触动感情。 C. 促进好事。 D. 提供建议。 26. 从第三段中我们可以了解到家长的什么？ A. 她对长曲棍球产生了兴趣。B. 她为她的孩子感到骄傲。C. 她将为另一个赛季工作。D. 她成为了一个好帮手。 27. 作者为什么喜欢做志愿工作？ A. 它给了她责任感。B. 它让她非常快乐。C. 它使她能够努力工作。D. 它给她带来了物质回报。 2019全国2卷C 词汇背诵 1. 46 percent 百分之四十六 2. meals 餐食，饭菜 3. eaten alone 独自吃 4. more than half 超过一半 5. nearly 几乎，将近 6. dinnertime 晚餐时间 7. statistics 统计数据 8. report 报告 9. prefer to 宁愿，更喜欢 10. looking up 抬头 11. downtown 市中心 12. coworkers 同事 13. works through lunch 在午餐时间工作 14. a lunchtime escape 午餐时间的逃离 15. allows 允许 16. keep a boss from 阻止老板 17. tapping her on the shoulder 拍她的肩膀 18. returns to 返回 19. energized 精力充沛的 20. local 当地的 21. bar 酒吧 22. check his phone 查看手机 23. in peace 安静地，和平地 24. chat up the barkeeper 与酒吧老板聊天 25. on a first-name basis 熟到可以直呼其名 26. reflect on 反思 27. the rest of the week 本周剩余时间 28. chance 机会 29. self-reflection 自我反思 30. recharged 重新充满活力的 31. freedom 自由 32. choose 选择 33. reason 原因 34. there was a time when... 曾经有一段时间... 35. awkward 尴尬的 36. asking for a table 要求一个桌子 37. over 结束 38. smartphones 智能手机 39. keep us company at the table 在餐桌上陪伴我们 40. advances in technology 技术进步 41. company 公司 42. food variety 食物种类 43. eating habits 饮食习惯 44. table manners 餐桌礼仪 45. restaurant service 餐厅服务 46. catch up with 赶上 47. on her own 她自己的 48. collect data 收集数据 49. makes videos 制作视频 50. is fond of 喜欢 51. interviews customers 采访顾客 52. is familiar with 熟悉 53. mainly 主要地 54. trend 趋势 55. the importance of... 的重要性 56. stress 压力 57. working overtime 加班 58. advantage 优势 59. wireless technology 无线技术 2019全国2卷C 1. 2. 46 percent 3. meals 4. eaten alone 5. more than half 6. nearly 7. dinnertime 8. statistics 9. report. 10. prefer to 11. looking up 12. downtown 13. coworkers 14. works through lunch 15. a lunchtime escape 16. allows 17. keep a boss from 18. tapping her on the shoulder 19. returns to 20. energized 21. local 22. bar 23. check his phone 24. in peace 25. chat up the barkeeper 26. on a first-name basis 27. reflect on 28. the rest of the week 29. chance 30. self-reflection 31. recharged 32. freedom 33. choose 34. reason 35. there was a time when... 36. awkward 37. asking for a table 38. over 39. smartphones 40. keep us company at the table 41. advances in technology 42. company 43. food variety 44. eating habits 45. table manners 46. restaurant service 47. catch up with 48. on her own 49. collect data 50. makes videos 51. is fond of 52. interviews customers 53. is familiar with 54. mainly 55. trend 56. the importance of 57. stress 58. working overtime 59. advantage 60. wireless technology 2019全国2卷C Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. “I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said. Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.” That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 30. What do we know about Mazoleny? A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology. 2019全国2卷C Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone. A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report. “I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said. Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.” That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report. 28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about? A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service. 29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch? A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work. C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report. 30. What do we know about Mazoleny? A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar. C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection. C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology. 2019全国2卷C 答案与解析 28. B 推理判断题 第二段内容中提到，一份新的报告发现，46%的情况下美国人都是独自用餐的。超过半数（53%）的人独自吃早餐，近一半（46%）人独自吃午餐。有74%的人只在晚餐时间才一起吃饭。由此可见，这项报告的统计数据是关于人们的饮食习惯，即许多人喜欢独自用餐。 29. C 事实细节题 第三段中提到，午餐时间的休息可以让Bechtel不受老板差遣，回到工作岗位时也能精力充沛。第三段最后一句话表明Bechtel想给自己一些时间，因此Bechtel更愿意在外面吃午餐是因为她想要有自己的时间。 30. D 事实细节题 第四段中提到，Mazoleny喜欢安静地坐着看手机，也会和酒吧老板直呼其名，亲切地聊会天。on a first-name basis意为“关系密切直呼其名”。由此可知，Mazoleny与酒吧老板熟识。 31. A 主旨大意题 本文通过一份报告的统计数据和两个实例说明美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势，并在文章最后一段提出人们选择独自用餐的原因。因此A项正确。 全文翻译： 玛丽安·贝克特尔独自坐在西棕榈滩的Bar Louie柜台旁，静静地阅读她的电子书，等待她的沙拉。她在读什么？不关你的事！午餐是贝克特尔的“我”时间。像越来越多的美国人一样，她并不孤单。 一项新报告发现，在美国，46%的餐食是单独吃的。超过一半（53%）的人独自吃早餐，几乎一半（46%）的人独自吃午餐。根据报告的统计数据，只有在晚餐时，我们才再次一起吃饭，占74%。 “我更喜欢出去，在外面。独自一人，但在一起，你懂的吗？”贝克特尔说着，从她的书上抬起头来。在西棕榈滩市中心工作的贝克特尔有时和同事一起吃午餐，但像我们许多人一样，她经常在办公桌上边工作边吃午餐。午餐时间的逃离让她可以避免老板拍她的肩膀。她回到工作岗位时感到精力充沛。“今天，我只是想要一些自己的时间，”她说。 就在两个座位之外，当地摄像师安德鲁·马佐莱尼正在酒吧完成他的午餐。他喜欢可以安静地坐着查看手机，或者如果他想要有一点交流，可以和酒吧老板聊天，他们彼此之间很熟悉。“我反思我的一天过得怎么样，并思考这周剩下的时间，”他说。“这是一个自我反思的机会。你回到工作岗位时精神焕发，并且有一个计划。” 选择的自由是更多人喜欢独自吃饭的一个原因。曾经有一段时间，人们可能会觉得要求一个单人桌位很尴尬，但那些日子已经过去了。现在，我们有智能手机在餐桌上陪伴我们。“有了技术的进步，它感觉不像以前那样孤单，”劳里·德梅里特说，她的公司为报告提供了统计数据。 28. 第二段的统计数据是关于什么的？ A. 食物种类。 B. 饮食习惯。 C. 餐桌礼仪。 D. 餐厅服务。 29. 贝克特尔为什么喜欢出去吃午餐？ A. 为了和同事见面。 B. 为了赶上工作。 C. 想要一些自己的时间。 D. 为了收集报告的数据。 30. 关于马佐莱尼我们知道什么？ A. 他为酒吧制作视频。 B. 他喜欢酒吧的食物。 C. 他在酒吧采访顾客。 D. 他和酒吧老板很熟。 31. 文本主要关于什么？ A. 独自用餐的趋势。 B. 自我反思的重要性。 C. 加班的压力。 D. 无线技术的优势。 2019全国2卷D 词汇背诵 1. bacteria 细菌 2. annoying problem 恼人的问题 3. astronauts 宇航员 4. uncontrollably 无法控制地 5. surfaces 表面 6. designed 设计 7. connect 连接 8. engineers 工程师 9. studying ways 研究方法 10. kill 杀死 11. zero gravity 零重力 12. are close to 接近 13. an in-person review 亲自评审 14. at times 有时 15. a hard business review 严格的商业评审 16. product 产品 17. program 项目 18. college admissions 大学录取 19. practical life skills 实际生活技能 20. are so absorbed in 全神贯注于 21. studies 学习 22. sit back 坐回去，放松 23. emailing daily 每天通过电子邮件 24. readying a workable solution 准备一个可行的解决方案 25. test in space 在太空中测试 26. are hard to get rid of 难以摆脱 27. lead to air pollution 导致空气污染 28. appear in different forms 以不同形式出现 29. damage the instruments 损坏仪器 30. purpose 目的 31. strengthen teacher-student relationships 加强师生关系 32. sharpen students’ communication skills 提高学生的沟通技巧 33. allow 允许 34. experience 体验 35. link...with... 将...与...联系起来 36. space technology 空间技术 37. education 教育 38. check 检查 39. guide project designs 指导项目设计 40. adjust work schedules 调整工作时间表 41. grade 打分 42. best title 最佳标题 43. final homework 最后的作业 44. frontier 前沿 45. nature 自然 46. outdoor 户外 47. reform 改革 2019全国2卷D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. bacteria 2. annoying problem 3. astronauts 4. uncontrollably 5. surfaces 6. designed 7. connect 8. engineers 9. studying ways 10. kill 11. zero gravity 12. are close to 13. an in-person review 14. at times 15. a hard business review 16. product 17. program 18. college admissions 19. practical life skills 20. are so absorbed in 21. studies 22. sit back 23. emailing daily 24. readying a workable solution 25. test in space 26. are hard to get rid of 27. lead to air pollution 28. appear in different forms 29. damage the instruments 30. purpose 31. strengthen teacher-student relationships 32. sharpen students’ communication skills 33. allow 34. experience 35. link...with... 36. space technology 37. education 38. check 39. guide project designs 40. adjust work schedules 41. grade 42. best title 43. final homework 44. frontier 45. nature 46. outdoor 47. reform 2019全国2卷D Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution (解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager. “There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.” Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. 32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution. C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments. 33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills. C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education. 34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs. C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform 2019全国2卷D Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution (解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager. “There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.” Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. 32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution. C. They appear in different forms. D. They damage the instruments. 33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills. C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education. 34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs. C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform 2019全国2卷D 答案与解析 32. A 推理判断题 根据第一段第二句The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. 可知，国际空间站里宇航员自身携带的微生物会变得无法控制，宇航员们每周要花费数小时清理这些微生物，由此可推断出，国际空间站里的细菌很难清除。 33. D 事实细节题 根据第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 可知，HUNCH计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。 34. A 事实细节题 根据第三段最后两句Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.可知，美国国家航空航天局的工程师们会亲自审查学生们制作的产品。 35. B 主旨大意题 文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径——借助美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生们通过homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。 全文翻译： 细菌对宇航员来说是一个令人烦恼的问题。这些来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面上无法控制地生长，因此宇航员每周都要花费数小时来清理它们。美国宇航局是如何克服这个非常微小的大问题的？它正在求助于一群高中生。但不仅仅是任何孩子。它依赖于NASA HUNCH高中课堂，就像科学老师Gene Gordon和Donna Himmelberg在纽约州费尔波特的费尔波特高中领导的那个课堂一样。 HUNCH旨在将高中课堂与NASA工程师联系起来。在过去的两年里，Gordon的学生一直在研究在零重力下杀死细菌的方法，他们认为他们接近解决方案。“我们不给学生任何休息。他们必须像NASA工程师一样去做，”项目经理Florence Gold说。 “没有考试，”Gordon说。“没有打分的家庭作业。几乎没有成绩，除了‘你正在朝着你的目标努力吗？’基本上，就是‘我必须生产这个产品，然后在年底将其呈现给NASA。’工程师们会亲自来做一个真正的产品评审，而且……有时候这不是一件很好的事情。这是对你产品的一项严格的商业评审。” Gordon说HUNCH项目对大学录取和实际生活技能都有影响。“这些孩子如此专注于他们的学习，以至于我只是坐回去。我不教。”那些烦人的细菌呢？Gordon说，他的学生每天都在通过电子邮件与NASA工程师讨论这个问题，准备在太空中测试一个可行的解决方案。 32. 关于国际空间站的细菌，我们知道什么？ A. 它们很难摆脱。 B. 它们导致空气污染。 C. 它们以不同形式出现。 D. 它们损坏仪器。 33. HUNCH项目的目的是什么？ A. 加强师生关系。 B. 提高学生的沟通技巧。 C. 让学生体验零重力。 D. 将空间技术与学校教育联系起来。 34. NASA工程师为项目中的学生做什么？ A. 检查他们的产品。 B. 指导项目设计。 C. 调整工作时间表。 D. 给他们的家庭作业打分。 35. 文本的最佳标题是什么？ A. NASA：宇航员的家 B. 空间：最后的作业前沿 C. 自然：户外教室 D. HUNCH：大学录取改革 $$