焦点 03 阅读理解之说明文-备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏淮安）

焦点03 阅读理解之说明文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【基础题】 A The Chinese language differs from western languages in that, instead of an alphabet (字母表), it uses characters (汉字) which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important part in the development of Chinese culture. Chinese characters began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese characters. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent (代表) different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard (标准的) forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountain tops together. This became one mountain top and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays. Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together. For example, “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish (区别) their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down” which are opposite of each other. Though these kinds of characters show meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced (发音). Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1．Which is NOT included in the process (过程) of inventing the first Chinese characters? A．Watching the footprints of animals. B．Creating shapes of objects. C．Using different shapes. D．Drawing physical objects. 2．Which Chinese character used the underlined method? A．山 B．竹 C．明 D．妈 3．What was the character for a mountain at first? A．One mountain top. B．Three lines. C．One mountain top and three lines. D．Three mountain tops together. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Chinese characters have turned into standard forms, which are easier than before. B．Chinese characters we use today have been accepted by large numbers of people. C．Chinese characters existed at the very beginning and are still in use today like other ancient symbols. D．Chinese words and English words are both formed by putting alphabets and characters together. 5．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How to Form Chinese Characters B．The Development of Chinese characters C．The History of the Chinese Language D．The difference between Chinese and Western Language B Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around. There are lots of volcanoes (火山). How is the life of the people here? In Iceland, there are two seasons. The short summer lasts from June to August. The long winter starts from September and ends the next May. Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-watching. In winter, when people in Iceland complete their daily work, they will have a lot of special activities to spend the long dark night. Skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night. After all the fun, a hot bath must be the first choice to relax. There are also story-telling activities for children, which can teach them to be strong and kind. The most popular stories are about Christmas in Iceland. Food problem was always a headache for Iceland in the past. Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season. People had to buy most of food from other countries. Later, when farmers learned to use lights and underground heat to grow crops (庄稼) all year round in the greenhouse, things changed a lot. Living in such a nice environment, most people in Iceland live a happy life. According to a survey about happiness made each year in Europe, Iceland is always among the top 3. 1．How long does winter last in Iceland? A．About two months. B．About three months. C．About nine months. D．About ten months. 2．Which is the best season to visit Iceland? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 3．What activities do people in Iceland do in winter? ①see the beautiful sights     ②enjoy the exciting whale-watching    ③skate ④ride snow motorbikes     ⑤have parties    ⑥take a hot shower     ⑦tell stories A．②③④⑤ B．②③④⑥ C．③④⑤⑥⑦ D．①②③④⑤ 4．What do the farmers use to grow crops now? A．Sunlight and rich ground. B．Sunlight and underground water. C．Underground heat. D．Lights and underground heat. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? (P1= Paragraph 1; P2= Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． C About 40 years ago, satellites saw a few small areas of vegetation in the Antarctic Peninsula. These plants covered about 740 square meters. Since then, however, the land has been turning green quickly. A new study shows that mosses (苔藓) have taken up more than 12 million square meters — nearly four times the size of New York’s Central Park! Based on satellite pictures from 1986 to 2021, the study shows that the greening has sped up by 30 percent since 2016. That’s fast enough to cover nearly 75 football fields per year. “Our findings show that the effect of climate change has no limit in its reach,” said Thomas Roland, an environmental scientist. “Even in the most faraway and lonely land, the landscape (景观) is changing.” The Antarctic is the coldest place on Earth. But it has recently been troubled by extreme (极端的) heat events. This summer, a record-breaking heat wave hit parts of the Antarctic. Temperatures were about 10℃ higher than normal in mid-July. As the planet heats up, Antarctica will keep on warming, which means this greening may happen faster. The more the peninsula greens, the more soil will form. Non-native plants will probably take root in the land. Antarctica’s native wildlife and ecological (生态的) system can be in danger as a result. “Seeds and small pieces of plants can easily find their way along with tourists, birds and the wind,” Roland said. The plant cover could reduce the Antarctic’s ability to reflect the sun’s heat energy back into space. That’s because darker surfaces take in more heat. At present, the Antarctic landscape is still almost all snow, ice and rock. In the long run, however, they could help further encourage the growth of plants as the climate continues to warm. “The landscape in the Antarctic could be changed forever,” said another scientist. 1．What was the size of the vegetation in the Antarctic Peninsula about 40 years ago? A．About 740 square meters. B．More than 75 football fields. C．More than 12 million square meters. D．About the size of New York’s Central Park. 2．Paragraph 3 explains ________. A．how Thomas found the Antarctic B．why the Antarctic keeps greening C．why the Antarctic is the coldest place D．how the landscape in the Antarctic changes 3．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Snow, ice and rock. B．Plants. C．Tourists, birds and wind. D．Scientists. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To describe the greening in the Antarctic. B．To explain the reasons for climate change. C．To warn people of the ecological changes in Antarctic. D．To call on people to do more research on the peninsula. 5．The structure (结构) of the text is ________. A． B． C． D． 【提升题】 A This August, we’ll welcome guests from all over the world. Some of them follow their own special cultural traditions. It’s important for us to know about them. ◆In many countries, such as Thailand, India and Malaysia, people believe that the left hand is unclean. So, it’s not proper to use one’s left hand to hold food, touch others or pass objects. Doing so may offend (冒犯) certain guests. ◆Some Westerners may be offended if you touch them or their personal things—even by accident. If this happens, say sorry politely. ◆Some elderly Westerners may be offended if you try to help them without their agreement. ◆People think numbers can be lucky or unlucky. Some Westerners avoid the number 13 because they believe it is unlucky. ◆Some people do not eat pork, and words like pigs are not considered proper. ◆People from Brazil, Italy and Pakistan do not give handkerchiefs as gifts. They believe a handkerchief is closely connected with unhappy feelings. ◆Wine is not sent as a gift in many parts of western and middle Asia. Please remember the tips above and be ready to greet our guests. 1．Why don’t Indians hold food with the left hand? A．Because they consider it unclean. B．Because they consider it useless, C．Because they consider it valueless. D．Because they consider it unimportant. 2．According to the passage, some people do not ________. A．send gifts B．eat pork C．drink milk D．use handkerchiefs 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．People from Pakistan like to send handkerchiefs as gifts. B．All the elderly people in the West like being helped by others. C．The number 13 is thought to be unlucky by some Westerners. D．No Westerner wants to get wine during the holidays. 4．What should you do if you touch a westerner and he feels offended? A．I should tell him it is an accident. B．I should apologize to him. C．I should help him politely. D．I should smile at him quietly. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Lucky numbers. B．Traditional food. C．Culture differences. D．Hands and handkerchiefs. B One of my favorite inventions in recent years is face unlocking. Without needing to lift my fingers and type in the numbers, I can get straight into my phone with just a look. Now there is a new technology designed to replace the password called the “passkey”! Passkeys turn your phone into something a bit like a wallet, which you can use to store membership cards to all of your apps and services. When you need to log in (登录) to a website, you’ll just have to tap a button on your phone and your passkey wallet will let you in without any worry. And how does it keep this wallet safe? By using the same “biometric (生物统计的)” check your phone uses-a face scan or a fingerprint that cannot easily be forged. Passkeys won’t just save us from having to remember passwords but, perhaps logging in with a passkey will actually be much safer than typing a password. This is because it uses a technology called “public key” cryptography (密码学), which is one of the building blocks of the Internet-and is how computers have securely communicated with other computers for so many years. To put it simply, it works a bit like a key, instead of a password. With a password, the website has to keep a database (数据库) of everyone’s passwords to check against when you log in. But with a passkey, when you create your account (账户) on a website, it will effectively create a new lock and key. The website will keep the lock—and only your phone will have the key. I think it’s a really clever idea, and that passkeys are going to make our digital lives even safer. So, next time you’re complaining that you can’t remember your password, don’t worry too much. It won’t always be like this! 1．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us? A．How passkeys work B．What passkeys look like C．How to log in to a website D．What passkeys can be used to do. 2．What does the underlined word “forged” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．扫描 B．伪造 C．储存 D．下载 3．Which paragraphs tell us that a passkey is much safer than a password? A．Paragraphs 2—3. B．Paragraphs 3—4. C．Paragraphs 4—5. D．Paragraphs 3—5. 4．What does the writer think of the passkey technology? A．He loves it very much B．He looks down upon it C．He thinks it’s not safe enough. D．He believes it has a long way to go. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The safety of the Internet B．The ways to log in to a website C．The invention of face unlocking D．The new technology called the passkey C Protecting six kinds of animals and increasing the number of three more can be helpful in global warming, according to a recent study by scientists from Yale University in the US. With more and more carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, the Earth’s temperature is slowly rising. It’s well-known that plants can clean the air, but Oswald Schmitz and his team from Yale University set out to find how many animals can help, too. Scientists have found out the environmental effects that certain wild animals have. They can store carbon and help carbon capturing (碳捕捉) plants grow, which can catch CO2 in the air. For example, African forest elephants will eat small plants that compete with carbon-capturing trees for sunlight and water. Elephants also spread seeds (种子) with their waste, helping more plants grow. Whales can store an average of 33 tonnes of carbon dioxide in their bodies. They encourage the growth of carbon-eating plankton (浮游生物) because it feeds on the whales’ waste. The plankton is helpful because it absorbs around 40% of all the CO2 that is made by human activities. It also gives off lots of oxygen, so it is good for the planet. Using this information, Schmitz and his teammates have known how to achieve the global goal of reducing carbon emissions (排放). They can do this by keeping the population of six kinds of animals, including gray wolves. For example, they can increase African forest elephants to 500.000 and whales to 188,000. Together, these animal groups can help capture enough carbon dioxide every year to stop global warming from reaching dangerous levels. 1．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Certain wild animals. B．Small plants. C．African forest elephants. D．Whales. 2．How can African forest elephants help reduce global warming? A．By reducing carbon dioxide and giving off oxygen. B．By storing a lot of carbon dioxide in their bodies. C．By helping carbon-capturing plants to grow more. D．By eating up all the carbon-capturing plants. 3．What does the underlined word “absorbs” in paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．传播 B．吸收 C．产生 D．影响 4．Who may show great interest in this text? A．The people who studies in Yale University. B．The people who are interested in the plant growth. C．The people who pay attention to endangered animals. D．The people who concentrates on environmental protection. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (①= Para.1②= Para.2…) A． B． C． D． 【拔高题】 A Thousands of years ago, texts appeared on animal bones, bronzes, bamboo slips, and silk brocades (织锦) before they were written on paper. But now these ancient Chinese texts have a “new container” in the modern age. Recently, a research team from Nanjing Agricultural University has rolled out Xunzi, a large language model (LLM) and XunziChat in association with Gulian, a leading ancient Chinese text publisher. Wang Dongbo, the leader of the research team, said that the large language model was named after Xunzi because Xunzi was not only a prominent Confucian philosopher during the late Warring States Period (475—221 BC), but also a pioneer in presenting and explaining theories of linguistics in ancient China. When asked why he and his partners made the large language model, Wang explained that “traditional Chinese characters, vertical layout (竖版), the absence of pausing and punctuation (句读) are all obstacles that readers have to overcome when they read traditional texts”. To create Xunzi the LLM, Wang and his partners first needed to do a lot of research. Since 2013, his team has worked tirelessly to digitize (数字化) Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu, or the Complete Library in Four Sections. “The hard work involves a large-scale corpus (语料库) of two billion Chinese characters, which has laid a solid foundation for the large language model,” said Wang. But their efforts seem to have paid off. Now Xunzi the LLM can tag (标记), translate, punctuate, and understand scraps (片段) of ancient Chinese texts. It can even do part-of-speech analysis and retrieve (检索) specific information, such as names, events, and places from a text. With this LLM, ancient Chinese texts can be accessed by more Chinese people, including students. For instance, if users type “shangu” into the chat box, they will not only discover that it translates to “valley” but also see that it can refer to a person’s courtesy name (字) in certain ancient Chinese texts. Through Xunzi’s retrieval function, users can get more specific cultural information based on courtesy names. “The model can help us mine for more information hidden in our cultural legacy and find unnoticed models and connections,” said Wang. But Wang and his team aren’t simply focused on target users in China. They are aiming at the rest of the world as well. They have shared the LLM on GitHub and other websites, allowing users to download and use it for free. “Our team is committed to the philosophy of making our data and model globally accessible. We hope this will encourage more people to appreciate traditional Chinese culture,” Wang explained. 1．What motivated the research team to create Xunzi the LLM? A．The popularity of ancient Chinese texts. B．The challenges posed by traditional texts. C．The need to study historical documents. D．The drive to promote Xunzi's philosophy. 2．Why is the Siku Quanshu mentioned? A．To emphasize the model’s strengths. B．To show the model’s functions. C．To explain how the model was created. D．To introduce the team’s research on the model. 3．How does Xunzi the LLM benefit users? A．It offers in-depth analysis of ancient texts. B．It translates texts into various languages. C．It simplifies understanding of ancient texts. D．It gives detailed information on historical figures. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The significance of the model. B．The global influence of the model. C．The team’s plan to perfect the model. D．The team’s expectations of the model. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Xunzi the LLM can translate ancient Chinese texts into other foreign languages. B．Xunzi the LLM is a large language model that can explain all traditional Chinese characters. C．Xunzi the LLM cannot give more detailed information about traditional Chinese characters. D．Xunzi the LLM can help people at home and abroad understand traditional Chinese culture better. B Most of us have heard of the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. It is the core principle of a sustainable life, but few of us can apply it in our own lives. Now, there’s a “lab” where you can discover a way toward living sustainably. 3R Labs is nestled in Xuhui district, Shanghai. It offers exhibitions, activities and goods that showcase the 3R principle. The key to a sustainable life, according to Vincent T. M. Fong, the32-year-old from Hong Kong who created the lab, is to make it a long-term commitment. “A sustainable life should be sustainable itself in the first place. You cannot lead a sustainable life on a whim. Small and comfortable changes are exactly what you need,” Fong said. The lab regularly hosts ugly fruit markets, offering these misshapen (奇形怪状的) fruits—often discarded (丢弃) by conventional markets and consumers—at a quite attractive price. “They’re discarded simply because of their appearance. Buying fruit regardless of how they look reduces food waste significantly in our daily life,” Fong commented. A water tank with two types of straws has also become an iconic fixture (标志性的固定装置) in the lab. “One type is made from normal plastics widely used in our daily life while the other is from PHA, a new replacement for plastics, and the water is sourced from the Suzhou River,” explained Ni Li, an employee of the lab. Visitors can witness how the PHA straws degrade (降解) into a thin layer in just one month, while the others remain unchanged. “Leading a sustainable life does not necessarily mean sacrifice,” said Fong. Consuming ugly fruit and using degradable plastics are small changes that are good for the environment and easy to stick to. “Only in this way can the 3R principle become a part of our lives,” he added. After working there for six months, Ni, who wasn’t mindful of the 3R principle before arriving at the lab, now uses her cup every time she buys a coffee. “The job has reshaped my life,” Ni said. 1．What does the underlined phrase “on a whim” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．In a rush. B．On a regular basis. C．Without any reason. D．As a habitual practice. 2．What is the purpose of the ugly fruit market at 3R Labs? A．To reduce food waste. B．To promote healthy eating. C．To sell new fruit varieties. D．To provide more affordable fruit. 3．What can the water tank at 3R Labs show to its visitors? A．The water pollution caused by plastics. B．The degradation of PHA straws. C．The interaction between two types of straws. D．The disappearance of normal plastic straws. 4．How can we live a sustainable life according to Fong? A．By sacrificing our daily life. B．By applying the 3R principle. C．By buying fruit and degradable plastics. D．By making small and comfortable changes. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．Science. B．Life. C．Education. D．Culture. C In the past few years, cars have become smarter and smarter. In more than nine cities, there are driverless taxis in China. Across the world, many “smart roads” have been in practice, and more are being built. Some new technologies are being put to use. ● Roads that recharge (给……充电) With the right technologies, cars around the world could be producing energy as they go on the road. Piezoelectric (压电的) roads mix traditional asphalt (柏油) with new materials. They use vibrations (震动) from passing cars to produce electricity. Piezoelectricity, in fact, is nothing new. It was invented in 1880. However, it has never been widely used before now. Lancaster University is going to change that. It has been improving the technology, including developing roadside batteries that can store the electricity. ●Built-in brain Roads of the future may be able to know how many people are on them. They could send people updates on weather and traffic situations, and recharge electric cars as they drive. This seems to be a dream, but a company has almost made it come true. By sensing the weight of a vehicle, the company’s smart roads can record the speed of each wheel. After having collected traffic data (数据), the roads will send it to the drivers. ●Roads that never freeze It can be dangerous to drive in snowy weather. A tech company has developed the snowless roads. When they feel snow or ice on their surfaces, the roads will heat themselves up so that the snow or ice will turn into water and get dry gradually. The project has been successfully tested on a few roads and in some ear parks. 1．How do the “smart roads” produce electricity? A．Sunlight makes electricity. B．Car movements make electricity. C．Wind makes electricity. D．Roads charge cars. 2．Which of the following can “Roads built in brain” do? ① Record the speed of wheels.     ② Sense the weight of a vehicle. ③ Take the snow or ice away.      ④ Send the traffic data to drivers. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 3．What are “Roads without snow or ice” built for? A．Car parking. B．Vehicle heating. C．Safe driving. D．Electricity storing. 4．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage? A．There have been driverless buses in over nine cities in China. B．Many of the “smart roads” have been put into use in the world. C．It’s been over 40 years since the Piezoelectricity was invented. D．Roads without snow or ice have been successfully built. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce the “smart roads”. B．To prove the value of electric cars. C．To describe roadside batteries. D．To show dangers of snowy weather. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 焦点03 阅读理解之说明文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【基础题】 A The Chinese language differs from western languages in that, instead of an alphabet (字母表), it uses characters (汉字) which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. As one kind of the most ancient characters, Chinese characters have played an important part in the development of Chinese culture. Chinese characters began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese characters. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent (代表) different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified (简化) and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard (标准的) forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountain tops together. This became one mountain top and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays. Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by putting two or more characters together. For example, “rest” was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character “prisoner” was formed with a “man” inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish (区别) their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for “up” and “down” which are opposite of each other. Though these kinds of characters show meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced (发音). Therefore, a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way. In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland. 1．Which is NOT included in the process (过程) of inventing the first Chinese characters? A．Watching the footprints of animals. B．Creating shapes of objects. C．Using different shapes. D．Drawing physical objects. 2．Which Chinese character used the underlined method? A．山 B．竹 C．明 D．妈 3．What was the character for a mountain at first? A．One mountain top. B．Three lines. C．One mountain top and three lines. D．Three mountain tops together. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Chinese characters have turned into standard forms, which are easier than before. B．Chinese characters we use today have been accepted by large numbers of people. C．Chinese characters existed at the very beginning and are still in use today like other ancient symbols. D．Chinese words and English words are both formed by putting alphabets and characters together. 5．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How to Form Chinese Characters B．The Development of Chinese characters C．The History of the Chinese Language D．The difference between Chinese and Western Language 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了汉字的发展历史以及重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the footprints of animals in the snow and noticed that each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects.”可知，发明第一个汉字的过程包括看动物的脚印，使用不同的形状以及绘制实物图画，不包括创造物体的形状。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“a way was developed to have one part of a character represent the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation”可知，此处指开发了一种方法，让字符的一部分表示意义，另一部分表示发音，而“妈”的左边说明了这个字代表一个女性，右边“马”说明了这个字的读音。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“The character for a mountain was at first three mountain tops together.”可知，“山”这个字最初是用三个山顶合在一起来表示的。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters in the hope to make learning to read and write more understandable to a large number of people. And now they have widespread use in China’s mainland.”可知，我们今天使用的汉字已经被很多人接受。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了汉字的发展历史以及重要性，选项B“汉字的发展”最合适当标题。故选B。 B Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around. There are lots of volcanoes (火山). How is the life of the people here? In Iceland, there are two seasons. The short summer lasts from June to August. The long winter starts from September and ends the next May. Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-watching. In winter, when people in Iceland complete their daily work, they will have a lot of special activities to spend the long dark night. Skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night. After all the fun, a hot bath must be the first choice to relax. There are also story-telling activities for children, which can teach them to be strong and kind. The most popular stories are about Christmas in Iceland. Food problem was always a headache for Iceland in the past. Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season. People had to buy most of food from other countries. Later, when farmers learned to use lights and underground heat to grow crops (庄稼) all year round in the greenhouse, things changed a lot. Living in such a nice environment, most people in Iceland live a happy life. According to a survey about happiness made each year in Europe, Iceland is always among the top 3. 1．How long does winter last in Iceland? A．About two months. B．About three months. C．About nine months. D．About ten months. 2．Which is the best season to visit Iceland? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 3．What activities do people in Iceland do in winter? ①see the beautiful sights     ②enjoy the exciting whale-watching    ③skate ④ride snow motorbikes     ⑤have parties    ⑥take a hot shower     ⑦tell stories A．②③④⑤ B．②③④⑥ C．③④⑤⑥⑦ D．①②③④⑤ 4．What do the farmers use to grow crops now? A．Sunlight and rich ground. B．Sunlight and underground water. C．Underground heat. D．Lights and underground heat. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? (P1= Paragraph 1; P2= Paragraph 2…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】城市、说明文 【导语】本文介绍了北欧国家冰岛，介绍了冰岛两个季节的特点及人们相应活动、过去的食物问题及改善方式，多数人生活幸福。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The long winter starts from September and ends the next May.”可知，从9月到次年5月，大约9个月，所以冬天持续约九个月。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to see beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-watching.” 可知，夏天对游客来说是黄金季节，世界各地的人都来这里，所以游览冰岛的最佳季节是夏天。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“In winter, when people in Iceland complete their daily work, they will have a lot of special activities to spend the long dark night. Skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night. After all the fun, a hot bath must be the first choice to relax. There are also story-telling activities for children”可知，冬天人们会滑冰、骑雪地摩托车、举办派对、洗热水澡、给孩子们讲故事，③④⑤⑥⑦符合，①②是夏天的活动。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Later, when farmers learned to use lights and underground heat to grow crops (庄稼) all year round in the greenhouse, things changed a lot” 可知，现在农民使用灯光和地下热能在温室里种植庄稼。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。文章第一段总体介绍冰岛有美丽的自然景观、很多火山以及引出这里人们的生活情况；第二段先提及冰岛有两个季节，随后第三段和第四段分别针对夏季和冬季展开详细描述；第五段阐述冰岛食物问题的变化；第六段总结冰岛人生活幸福。所以文章结构是总—分—总。故选A。 C About 40 years ago, satellites saw a few small areas of vegetation in the Antarctic Peninsula. These plants covered about 740 square meters. Since then, however, the land has been turning green quickly. A new study shows that mosses (苔藓) have taken up more than 12 million square meters — nearly four times the size of New York’s Central Park! Based on satellite pictures from 1986 to 2021, the study shows that the greening has sped up by 30 percent since 2016. That’s fast enough to cover nearly 75 football fields per year. “Our findings show that the effect of climate change has no limit in its reach,” said Thomas Roland, an environmental scientist. “Even in the most faraway and lonely land, the landscape (景观) is changing.” The Antarctic is the coldest place on Earth. But it has recently been troubled by extreme (极端的) heat events. This summer, a record-breaking heat wave hit parts of the Antarctic. Temperatures were about 10℃ higher than normal in mid-July. As the planet heats up, Antarctica will keep on warming, which means this greening may happen faster. The more the peninsula greens, the more soil will form. Non-native plants will probably take root in the land. Antarctica’s native wildlife and ecological (生态的) system can be in danger as a result. “Seeds and small pieces of plants can easily find their way along with tourists, birds and the wind,” Roland said. The plant cover could reduce the Antarctic’s ability to reflect the sun’s heat energy back into space. That’s because darker surfaces take in more heat. At present, the Antarctic landscape is still almost all snow, ice and rock. In the long run, however, they could help further encourage the growth of plants as the climate continues to warm. “The landscape in the Antarctic could be changed forever,” said another scientist. 1．What was the size of the vegetation in the Antarctic Peninsula about 40 years ago? A．About 740 square meters. B．More than 75 football fields. C．More than 12 million square meters. D．About the size of New York’s Central Park. 2．Paragraph 3 explains ________. A．how Thomas found the Antarctic B．why the Antarctic keeps greening C．why the Antarctic is the coldest place D．how the landscape in the Antarctic changes 3．What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A．Snow, ice and rock. B．Plants. C．Tourists, birds and wind. D．Scientists. 4．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To describe the greening in the Antarctic. B．To explain the reasons for climate change. C．To warn people of the ecological changes in Antarctic. D．To call on people to do more research on the peninsula. 5．The structure (结构) of the text is ________. A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是由于全球气温上升，南极的景观在变绿，这对南极的生态构成了极大的威胁。 1．细节理解题。根据“These plants covered about 740 square meters.”可知，大约40年前，南极半岛的植被有约740平方米。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Even in the most faraway and lonely land, the landscape is changing.”以及“But it has recently been troubled by extreme heat events. ”可知，因为受到了极端高温事件的困扰，南极的景观在变绿。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“At present, the Antarctic landscape is still almost all snow, ice and rock.”可知，they指的是“snow, ice and rock”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。作者先描述南极的绿化，再解释造成极绿化的原因是全球气候变暖，最后又描述南极的绿化对南极的生态造成的重大危险。目的是警告人们南极的生态变化，呼吁人们保护环境。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。第一段和第二段描述南极的绿化，第三段解释造成极绿化的原因是全球气候变暖，第四段和第五段描述南极的绿化对南极的生态造成的重大危险。故选A。 【提升题】 A This August, we’ll welcome guests from all over the world. Some of them follow their own special cultural traditions. It’s important for us to know about them. ◆In many countries, such as Thailand, India and Malaysia, people believe that the left hand is unclean. So, it’s not proper to use one’s left hand to hold food, touch others or pass objects. Doing so may offend (冒犯) certain guests. ◆Some Westerners may be offended if you touch them or their personal things—even by accident. If this happens, say sorry politely. ◆Some elderly Westerners may be offended if you try to help them without their agreement. ◆People think numbers can be lucky or unlucky. Some Westerners avoid the number 13 because they believe it is unlucky. ◆Some people do not eat pork, and words like pigs are not considered proper. ◆People from Brazil, Italy and Pakistan do not give handkerchiefs as gifts. They believe a handkerchief is closely connected with unhappy feelings. ◆Wine is not sent as a gift in many parts of western and middle Asia. Please remember the tips above and be ready to greet our guests. 1．Why don’t Indians hold food with the left hand? A．Because they consider it unclean. B．Because they consider it useless, C．Because they consider it valueless. D．Because they consider it unimportant. 2．According to the passage, some people do not ________. A．send gifts B．eat pork C．drink milk D．use handkerchiefs 3．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．People from Pakistan like to send handkerchiefs as gifts. B．All the elderly people in the West like being helped by others. C．The number 13 is thought to be unlucky by some Westerners. D．No Westerner wants to get wine during the holidays. 4．What should you do if you touch a westerner and he feels offended? A．I should tell him it is an accident. B．I should apologize to him. C．I should help him politely. D．I should smile at him quietly. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Lucky numbers. B．Traditional food. C．Culture differences. D．Hands and handkerchiefs. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】文化差异、说明文 【导语】本文是说明文。它主要介绍了在接待来自世界各地的客人时，需要了解的一些不同文化传统和习俗，以避免冒犯客人。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In many countries, such as Thailand, India and Malaysia, people believe that the left hand is unclean.”可知，印度人认为左手是不干净的，不用左手拿食物。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第六段“Some people do not eat pork, and words like pigs are not considered proper”可知，一些人不吃猪肉。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Some Westerners avoid the number 13 because they believe it is unlucky”可知，一些西方人认为数字13是不吉利的。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Some Westerners may be offended if you touch them or their personal things—even by accident. If this happens, say sorry politely”可知，如果无意间触碰到西方人，他们感到被冒犯时，应该道歉。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Some of them follow their own special cultural traditions. It’s important for us to know about them.”可知，本文主要介绍了不同国家和文化的差异。故选C。 B One of my favorite inventions in recent years is face unlocking. Without needing to lift my fingers and type in the numbers, I can get straight into my phone with just a look. Now there is a new technology designed to replace the password called the “passkey”! Passkeys turn your phone into something a bit like a wallet, which you can use to store membership cards to all of your apps and services. When you need to log in (登录) to a website, you’ll just have to tap a button on your phone and your passkey wallet will let you in without any worry. And how does it keep this wallet safe? By using the same “biometric (生物统计的)” check your phone uses-a face scan or a fingerprint that cannot easily be forged. Passkeys won’t just save us from having to remember passwords but, perhaps logging in with a passkey will actually be much safer than typing a password. This is because it uses a technology called “public key” cryptography (密码学), which is one of the building blocks of the Internet-and is how computers have securely communicated with other computers for so many years. To put it simply, it works a bit like a key, instead of a password. With a password, the website has to keep a database (数据库) of everyone’s passwords to check against when you log in. But with a passkey, when you create your account (账户) on a website, it will effectively create a new lock and key. The website will keep the lock—and only your phone will have the key. I think it’s a really clever idea, and that passkeys are going to make our digital lives even safer. So, next time you’re complaining that you can’t remember your password, don’t worry too much. It won’t always be like this! 1．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us? A．How passkeys work B．What passkeys look like C．How to log in to a website D．What passkeys can be used to do. 2．What does the underlined word “forged” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．扫描 B．伪造 C．储存 D．下载 3．Which paragraphs tell us that a passkey is much safer than a password? A．Paragraphs 2—3. B．Paragraphs 3—4. C．Paragraphs 4—5. D．Paragraphs 3—5. 4．What does the writer think of the passkey technology? A．He loves it very much B．He looks down upon it C．He thinks it’s not safe enough. D．He believes it has a long way to go. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The safety of the Internet B．The ways to log in to a website C．The invention of face unlocking D．The new technology called the passkey 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】科普知识、说明文 【导语】介绍了一种新的技术，称为“passkey”，它可以取代密码，提高我们的数字生活的安全性和便利性。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Passkeys turn your phone into something a bit like a wallet, which you can use to store membership cards to all of your apps and services. When you need to log in to a website, you’ll just have to tap a button on your phone and your passkey wallet will let you in without any worry.”可知，第二段介绍了密钥将你的手机变成一个有点儿像钱包的东西当你需要登录网站时，只需点击手机上的一个按钮，你的密钥钱包就会让你毫无顾虑地登录，这是在介绍密钥的工作原理。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“By using the same “biometric” check your phone uses-a face scan or a fingerprint that cannot easily be forged.” 可知，通过面部扫描或指纹这种生物统计的检查方式来保证安全，面部扫描和指纹是不容易被“伪造”的，所以“forged”意思是“伪造”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。第三段提到通过面部扫描或指纹这种生物统计检查保证安全，说明其安全性；第四段指出 “Passkeys won’t just save us from having to remember passwords but, perhaps logging in with a passkey will actually be much safer than typing a password. This is because it uses a technology called “public key” cryptography”，说明使用密码技术更安全；第五段通过对比密码和密钥登录的方式，进一步说明密钥更安全。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“I think it’s a really clever idea, and that passkeys are going to make our digital lives even safer.”可知，作者认为这是个非常聪明的主意，会让我们的数字生活更安全，所以作者非常喜欢这项技术。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种名为“passkey”的新技术，包括其用途、安全性等方面。故选D。 C Protecting six kinds of animals and increasing the number of three more can be helpful in global warming, according to a recent study by scientists from Yale University in the US. With more and more carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air, the Earth’s temperature is slowly rising. It’s well-known that plants can clean the air, but Oswald Schmitz and his team from Yale University set out to find how many animals can help, too. Scientists have found out the environmental effects that certain wild animals have. They can store carbon and help carbon capturing (碳捕捉) plants grow, which can catch CO2 in the air. For example, African forest elephants will eat small plants that compete with carbon-capturing trees for sunlight and water. Elephants also spread seeds (种子) with their waste, helping more plants grow. Whales can store an average of 33 tonnes of carbon dioxide in their bodies. They encourage the growth of carbon-eating plankton (浮游生物) because it feeds on the whales’ waste. The plankton is helpful because it absorbs around 40% of all the CO2 that is made by human activities. It also gives off lots of oxygen, so it is good for the planet. Using this information, Schmitz and his teammates have known how to achieve the global goal of reducing carbon emissions (排放). They can do this by keeping the population of six kinds of animals, including gray wolves. For example, they can increase African forest elephants to 500.000 and whales to 188,000. Together, these animal groups can help capture enough carbon dioxide every year to stop global warming from reaching dangerous levels. 1．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Certain wild animals. B．Small plants. C．African forest elephants. D．Whales. 2．How can African forest elephants help reduce global warming? A．By reducing carbon dioxide and giving off oxygen. B．By storing a lot of carbon dioxide in their bodies. C．By helping carbon-capturing plants to grow more. D．By eating up all the carbon-capturing plants. 3．What does the underlined word “absorbs” in paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．传播 B．吸收 C．产生 D．影响 4．Who may show great interest in this text? A．The people who studies in Yale University. B．The people who are interested in the plant growth. C．The people who pay attention to endangered animals. D．The people who concentrates on environmental protection. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (①= Para.1②= Para.2…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 【难度】0.65 【知识点】环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了耶鲁大学科学家的一项研究，指出保护六种动物并增加另外三种动物的数量有助于应对全球变暖，文中通过列举非洲森林象和鲸鱼的例子进行说明，并介绍了科学家基于此研究知道如何实现减少碳排放的目标。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Scientists have found out the environmental effects that certain wild animals have. They can store carbon and help carbon capturing plants grow”可知，这里的“They”指代的是前面提到的“certain wild animals”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“African forest elephants will eat small plants that compete with carbon - capturing trees for sunlight and water. Elephants also spread seeds with the waste, helping more plants grow”，可知非洲森林象通过帮助碳捕捉植物更好地生长来帮助减少全球变暖。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The plankton is helpful because it absorbs around 40% ... that is made by human activities.”，结合语境，这里应该是浮游生物“吸收”二氧化碳，所以“absorbs”意思是“吸收”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了保护某些动物对减少全球变暖、保护环境的作用，所以关注环境保护的人会对这篇文章感兴趣。故选D。 5．篇章结构题。第一段，提出观点，并介绍了研究背景。第二、三段，通过列举非洲森林象和鲸鱼的例子，具体阐述某些野生动物在应对全球变暖方面的作用。第四段，说明科学家们知道如何实现减少碳排放的全球目标，以及可以采取的措施和预期效果。总体结构为“提出观点-举例论证-得出结论及措施”。故选D。 【拔高题】 A Thousands of years ago, texts appeared on animal bones, bronzes, bamboo slips, and silk brocades (织锦) before they were written on paper. But now these ancient Chinese texts have a “new container” in the modern age. Recently, a research team from Nanjing Agricultural University has rolled out Xunzi, a large language model (LLM) and XunziChat in association with Gulian, a leading ancient Chinese text publisher. Wang Dongbo, the leader of the research team, said that the large language model was named after Xunzi because Xunzi was not only a prominent Confucian philosopher during the late Warring States Period (475—221 BC), but also a pioneer in presenting and explaining theories of linguistics in ancient China. When asked why he and his partners made the large language model, Wang explained that “traditional Chinese characters, vertical layout (竖版), the absence of pausing and punctuation (句读) are all obstacles that readers have to overcome when they read traditional texts”. To create Xunzi the LLM, Wang and his partners first needed to do a lot of research. Since 2013, his team has worked tirelessly to digitize (数字化) Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu, or the Complete Library in Four Sections. “The hard work involves a large-scale corpus (语料库) of two billion Chinese characters, which has laid a solid foundation for the large language model,” said Wang. But their efforts seem to have paid off. Now Xunzi the LLM can tag (标记), translate, punctuate, and understand scraps (片段) of ancient Chinese texts. It can even do part-of-speech analysis and retrieve (检索) specific information, such as names, events, and places from a text. With this LLM, ancient Chinese texts can be accessed by more Chinese people, including students. For instance, if users type “shangu” into the chat box, they will not only discover that it translates to “valley” but also see that it can refer to a person’s courtesy name (字) in certain ancient Chinese texts. Through Xunzi’s retrieval function, users can get more specific cultural information based on courtesy names. “The model can help us mine for more information hidden in our cultural legacy and find unnoticed models and connections,” said Wang. But Wang and his team aren’t simply focused on target users in China. They are aiming at the rest of the world as well. They have shared the LLM on GitHub and other websites, allowing users to download and use it for free. “Our team is committed to the philosophy of making our data and model globally accessible. We hope this will encourage more people to appreciate traditional Chinese culture,” Wang explained. 1．What motivated the research team to create Xunzi the LLM? A．The popularity of ancient Chinese texts. B．The challenges posed by traditional texts. C．The need to study historical documents. D．The drive to promote Xunzi's philosophy. 2．Why is the Siku Quanshu mentioned? A．To emphasize the model’s strengths. B．To show the model’s functions. C．To explain how the model was created. D．To introduce the team’s research on the model. 3．How does Xunzi the LLM benefit users? A．It offers in-depth analysis of ancient texts. B．It translates texts into various languages. C．It simplifies understanding of ancient texts. D．It gives detailed information on historical figures. 4．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The significance of the model. B．The global influence of the model. C．The team’s plan to perfect the model. D．The team’s expectations of the model. 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Xunzi the LLM can translate ancient Chinese texts into other foreign languages. B．Xunzi the LLM is a large language model that can explain all traditional Chinese characters. C．Xunzi the LLM cannot give more detailed information about traditional Chinese characters. D．Xunzi the LLM can help people at home and abroad understand traditional Chinese culture better. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】语言与文化、发明与创造、说明文 【导语】本文主要介绍了南京农业大学开发的“荀子”古籍大语言模型的相关内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“When asked why he and his partners made the large language model, Wang explained that ‘traditional Chinese characters, vertical layout (竖版), the absence of pausing and punctuation (句读) are all obstacles that readers have to overcome when they read traditional texts’.”可知当被问及为什么他和他的合作伙伴制作了大型语言模型时，王解释说：“繁体字，竖排，缺少停顿和标点符号是读者阅读传统文本时必须克服的障碍”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“To create Xunzi the LLM, Wang and his partners first needed to do a lot of research. Since 2013,his team has worked tirelessly to digitize (数字化) Chinese classics like the Siku Quanshu, or the Complete Library in Four Sections”以及“The hard work involves a large-scale corpus (语料库) of two billion Chinese characters, which has laid a solid foundation for the large language model”可知自2013年以来，团队一直在努力将《四库全书》等中国经典文献数字化，这为Xunzi LLM的创建奠定了坚实基础，因此，提到《四库全书》是为了解释模型的创建过程。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“Now Xunzi the LLM can tag (标记), translate, punctuate, and understand scraps (片段) of ancient Chinese texts. It can even do part-of-speech analysis and retrieve (检索) specific information, such as names, events, and places from a text.”可知Xunzi LLM能够标记、翻译、标点、理解古代中文文本的片段，甚至可以进行词性分析和检索特定信息，如人名、事件和地点，这些功能简化了用户对古代文本的理解。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“But Wang and his team aren’t simply focused on target users in China. They are aiming at the rest of the world as well.”可知最后一段提到，团队不仅关注中国的用户，还希望将模型推向全球，他们已经在GitHub等网站上分享了模型，供用户免费下载和使用，故最后一段主要介绍模型的全球影响力。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“But Wang and his team aren't simply focused on target users in China. They are aiming at the rest of the world as well”以及“We hope this will encourage more people to appreciate traditional Chinese culture”可知王和他的团队不仅仅关注中国的目标用户。他们也瞄准了世界其他地区，这将鼓励更多的人欣赏中国传统文化，所以“荀子”古籍大语言模型可以帮助国内外的人们更好地了解中国传统文化。故选D。 B Most of us have heard of the 3Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle. It is the core principle of a sustainable life, but few of us can apply it in our own lives. Now, there’s a “lab” where you can discover a way toward living sustainably. 3R Labs is nestled in Xuhui district, Shanghai. It offers exhibitions, activities and goods that showcase the 3R principle. The key to a sustainable life, according to Vincent T. M. Fong, the32-year-old from Hong Kong who created the lab, is to make it a long-term commitment. “A sustainable life should be sustainable itself in the first place. You cannot lead a sustainable life on a whim. Small and comfortable changes are exactly what you need,” Fong said. The lab regularly hosts ugly fruit markets, offering these misshapen (奇形怪状的) fruits—often discarded (丢弃) by conventional markets and consumers—at a quite attractive price. “They’re discarded simply because of their appearance. Buying fruit regardless of how they look reduces food waste significantly in our daily life,” Fong commented. A water tank with two types of straws has also become an iconic fixture (标志性的固定装置) in the lab. “One type is made from normal plastics widely used in our daily life while the other is from PHA, a new replacement for plastics, and the water is sourced from the Suzhou River,” explained Ni Li, an employee of the lab. Visitors can witness how the PHA straws degrade (降解) into a thin layer in just one month, while the others remain unchanged. “Leading a sustainable life does not necessarily mean sacrifice,” said Fong. Consuming ugly fruit and using degradable plastics are small changes that are good for the environment and easy to stick to. “Only in this way can the 3R principle become a part of our lives,” he added. After working there for six months, Ni, who wasn’t mindful of the 3R principle before arriving at the lab, now uses her cup every time she buys a coffee. “The job has reshaped my life,” Ni said. 1．What does the underlined phrase “on a whim” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．In a rush. B．On a regular basis. C．Without any reason. D．As a habitual practice. 2．What is the purpose of the ugly fruit market at 3R Labs? A．To reduce food waste. B．To promote healthy eating. C．To sell new fruit varieties. D．To provide more affordable fruit. 3．What can the water tank at 3R Labs show to its visitors? A．The water pollution caused by plastics. B．The degradation of PHA straws. C．The interaction between two types of straws. D．The disappearance of normal plastic straws. 4．How can we live a sustainable life according to Fong? A．By sacrificing our daily life. B．By applying the 3R principle. C．By buying fruit and degradable plastics. D．By making small and comfortable changes. 5．Where is the passage probably from? A．Science. B．Life. C．Education. D．Culture. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】科普知识、环境保护、说明文 【导语】本文介绍了位于上海徐汇区的3R实验室，该实验室以减少、重复使用和回收为核心原则，展示了可持续生活方式。 1．词句猜测题。根据“A sustainable life should be sustainable itself in the first place. You cannot lead a sustainable life on a whim. Small and comfortable changes are exactly what you need,”可知，你不可能一时兴起就过上可持续的生活。结合选项，“on a whim”与“In a rush”意思相符。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Buying fruit regardless of how they look reduces food waste significantly in our daily life,”可知，目的是为了减少食物浪费。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Visitors can witness how the PHA straws degrade (降解) into a thin layer in just one month, while the others remain unchanged.”可知，实验室向人们展示了PHA吸管的降解。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Only in this way can the 3R principle become a part of our lives,”可知，通过应用3R原则我们能实现可持续的生活方式。故选B。 5．推理判断题。这篇短文介绍了位于上海徐汇区的3R实验室，该实验室以减少、重复使用和回收为核心原则，展示了可持续生活方式。可知，文章可能来自科学部分。故选A。 C In the past few years, cars have become smarter and smarter. In more than nine cities, there are driverless taxis in China. Across the world, many “smart roads” have been in practice, and more are being built. Some new technologies are being put to use. ● Roads that recharge (给……充电) With the right technologies, cars around the world could be producing energy as they go on the road. Piezoelectric (压电的) roads mix traditional asphalt (柏油) with new materials. They use vibrations (震动) from passing cars to produce electricity. Piezoelectricity, in fact, is nothing new. It was invented in 1880. However, it has never been widely used before now. Lancaster University is going to change that. It has been improving the technology, including developing roadside batteries that can store the electricity. ●Built-in brain Roads of the future may be able to know how many people are on them. They could send people updates on weather and traffic situations, and recharge electric cars as they drive. This seems to be a dream, but a company has almost made it come true. By sensing the weight of a vehicle, the company’s smart roads can record the speed of each wheel. After having collected traffic data (数据), the roads will send it to the drivers. ●Roads that never freeze It can be dangerous to drive in snowy weather. A tech company has developed the snowless roads. When they feel snow or ice on their surfaces, the roads will heat themselves up so that the snow or ice will turn into water and get dry gradually. The project has been successfully tested on a few roads and in some ear parks. 1．How do the “smart roads” produce electricity? A．Sunlight makes electricity. B．Car movements make electricity. C．Wind makes electricity. D．Roads charge cars. 2．Which of the following can “Roads built in brain” do? ① Record the speed of wheels.     ② Sense the weight of a vehicle. ③ Take the snow or ice away.      ④ Send the traffic data to drivers. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 3．What are “Roads without snow or ice” built for? A．Car parking. B．Vehicle heating. C．Safe driving. D．Electricity storing. 4．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage? A．There have been driverless buses in over nine cities in China. B．Many of the “smart roads” have been put into use in the world. C．It’s been over 40 years since the Piezoelectricity was invented. D．Roads without snow or ice have been successfully built. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To introduce the “smart roads”. B．To prove the value of electric cars. C．To describe roadside batteries. D．To show dangers of snowy weather. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【难度】0.4 【知识点】发明与创造、科学技术、说明文 【导语】本文主要从不同的几个方面介绍了道路运用的高科技。 1．细节理解题。根据“They use vibrations (震动) from passing cars to produce electricity.”可知，它们利用过往车辆的振动来发电。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“By sensing the weight of a vehicle, the company’s smart roads can record the speed of each wheel. After having collected traffic data (数据), the roads will send it to the drivers.”可知，Built-in brain可以记录车轮的速度、感知车辆的重量并将交通数据发送给驾驶员。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“It can be dangerous to drive in snowy weather. A tech company has developed the snowless roads. When they feel snow or ice on their surfaces, the roads will heat themselves up so that the snow or ice will turn into water and get dry gradually.”可知，建造“永不结冰的道路”是为了安全驾驶。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“It can be dangerous to drive in snowy weather. A tech company has developed the snowless roads... The project has been successfully tested on a few roads and in some ear parks.”可知，文章提到“snowless roads”已经在几条路和停车场成功测试，表明这种道路已经成功建造。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。本文主要从不同的几个方面介绍了道路运用的高科技。故写作目的是介绍“智能道路”。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$