2020年高考英语真题精讲学案 2025届高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍

高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍 （2020年高考英语真题精讲） 2020全国1卷A 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【英语词汇及表达】 1. customers 2. travelling 3. services 4. in possession of 5. valid 6. ticket 7. boarding 8. information 9. local station 10. check the train schedule 2020全国1卷A Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property(失物招领) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station. Public holidays On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime. Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17. Guardian trains (outbound) Depart Origin Destination Arrive 6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm 7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm 8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52pm 11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22am 21. What would you do get ticker information? A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink. com.au. C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule. 22. At which station can you find the lost property office? A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley. 23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes? A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm 2020全国1卷B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. returning to 2. many times 3. drinks 4. welcome familiarity 5. a slight suspicion 6. thus 7. relationship 8. act of rereading 9. transformative 10. beauty 11. lies in the idea that 12. bond 13. work 14. is based on 15. present mental register 16. time has wings 17. published 18. classic memoir 19. aging writer 20. looking back on 21. ambitious 22. simpler time 23. Selected Poems 24. poetry 25. imagine 26. while 27. indeed 28. necessary 29. an author’s work 30. pay 31. evaluates 32. substitute 33. extends the understanding of oneself 34. brief account of... 35. record 36. historic event 37. refer to 38. debt 39. reward 40. allowance 41. face value 42. infer about 43. editor 44. ambitious 2020全国1卷B Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight. There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Earnest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 24. Why does the author like rereading? A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. B. It’s a window to a whole new world. C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend. D. It extends the understanding of oneself. 25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast? A. It’s a brief account of a trip. B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man. C. It’s a record of a historic event. D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris. 26. What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value. 27. What can we infer about the author from the text? A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor. C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading. 2020全国1卷C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. race walking 2. shares many fitness benefits 3. research 4. shows 5. most likely 6. contributing to fewer injuries 7. own problem 8. walkers 9. conditioned athletes 10. track and field event 11. Olympics 12. five miles 13. marathon 14. rules 15. require 16. knees 17. stay straight 18. leg swing 19. remain 20. ground 21. at all times 22. as a result 23. associated with 24. uncommon 25. in fact 26. wishing to 27. probably 28. first consult a coach 29. experienced racer 30. proper technique 31. long distances 32. are qualified for 33. follow special rules 34. are good at 35. swinging 36. advantage 37. popular 38. less challenging physically 39. effective 40. body building 41. cause 42. suggestion 43. experts’ opinions 44. having a medical checkup 45. hiring 46. regular exercises 47. describes 48. author’s attitude 49. skeptical 50. objective 51. tolerant 52. conservative 2020全国1卷C Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon. C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 29. What advantage does race walking have over running? A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically. C. It’s more effective in body building. D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. 30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises. 31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative. 2020全国1卷D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. connection 2. plants 3. subject 4. scientific research 5. recent studies 6. positive effects 7. conducted 8. discovered 9. areas 10. experienced less crime 11. employees 12. productive 13. workplaces 14. were decorated with houseplants 15. include 16. sensors 17. printed 18. leaves 19. are short of water 20. detect harmful chemicals 21. groundwater 22. lighting 23. accounts for 24. total electricity 25. consumed 26. is often far removed from 27. distance 28. power plant 29. street lamps 30. remote highway 31. energy 32. glowing plants 33. reduce this distance 34. therefore 35. save energy 36. paragraph 37. mainly 38. a big fall in crime rates 39. various 40. benefits from 41. function 42. lack of 43. change compositions 44. test 45. expect 46. speed up energy production 47. transmit electricity 48. reduce energy consumption 49. take the place of 50. power plants 51. the following 52. the best title 53. live with 54. replace 55. pollution-free 2020全国1卷D The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water B. To change compositions of plants C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 2020全国1卷山东A 【英语词汇及表达】 1. trip 2. winners 3. choice 4. judges 5. choose 6. up to 50 honorable mention winners 7. receive a t-shirt 8. in memory of 9. final flight 10. follow all rules carefully 11. prevent disqualification 12. poem 13. fewer 14. format 15. by hand 16. type on a single sheet of paper 17. the front and back of the paper 18. address 19. birth date 20. mail your entry 21. plane ticket 22. the following 23. result in 24. sides 2020全国1卷山东A POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. 2020全国1卷山东B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. needed more willpower 2. typical college student 3. pursue her goal 4. earning a nursing degree 5. bore fruit 6. graduated from University 7. earn a bachelor's degree 8. ran the farm 9. attended a local technical college 10. pay 11. extra money 12. set aside for a college education 13. chose 14. program 15. was able to 16. pursue her four-year degree 17. close to home 18. drive to class 19. kids 20. remained in good academic standing 21. graduated with honors 22. giving up 23. missing important events 24. witnessing 25. a first-generation graduate 26. inspiration 27. pretty powerful 28. on her own 29. supported herself through college 30. take care of 31. a well-paid job 32. health 33. reputation 34. chance of promotion 35. breaks down barriers 36. Hard work pays off. 37. Education is the key to success. 2020全国1卷山东B Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful. 4. What did Jennifer do after high school? A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield? A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses. C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there. 6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A. Her health. B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion. 7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers. C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success. 2020全国1卷山东C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. volunteer 2. physically broken 3. lost his mind 4. still attracted to the country 5. returned to 6. write an article 7. disappearance 8. visit 9. ended up 10. involving 11. a quick look at life 12. made of friendliness and warmth 13. darker side of society 14. admires the architectural wonders 15. on his way to 16. gets a taste of police methods 17. suspected of drug dealing 18. attends 19. followed by 20. a strange drinking party 21. is saddened by the dust storms 22. diseases 23. fishing boats 24. stuck miles from the sea 25. skillfully organizes historical insights 26. cultural references 27. tale 28. well-rounded picture 29. judgment 30. decidedly 31. as well as 32. delicate stomach 33. as the author explains 34. neither...nor... 35. a piece of reportage 36. result 37. a fine and vivid description 38. purest 39. traditions 40. invitation 41. interest 42. desire 43. regain health 44. developing a serious mental disease 45. taking a guided tour 46. the following 47. describes 48. road trip 49. romantic 50. eventful 51. pleasant 52. dangerous 53. purpose 54. introduce 55. explain a cultural phenomenon 56. recommend a travel destination 2020全国1卷山东C In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea. Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan? A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country. C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health. 9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan? A. Romantic. B. Eventful.C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous. 11. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon. C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination. 2020全国1卷山东D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. according to 2. a recent study 3. size 4. consumption habits 5. eating companions 6. influence our food intake 7. contrary to 8. existing research 9. avoid 10. order 11. appetites 12. test the effect 13. social influence 14. researchers 15. conducted two experiments 16. undergraduate women 17. individually 18. invited 19. lab 20. participate in 21. movie viewership 22. film 23. asked 24. help herself to a snack 25. actor 26. hired 27. grabbed 28. in her natural state 29. weighed 105 pounds 30. in half the cases 31. a specially designed fat suit 32. increased 33. the fat and thin versions of the actor 34. took a large amount of food 35. participants 36. followed suit 37. normally 38. significantly 39. adjust the influence 40. an overweight person 41. a large portion 42. hold back a bit 43. results 44. keep slim 45. mainly 46. food safety 47. consumer demand 48. eating behavior 49. underlined word 50. refer to 51. big eaters 52. picky eaters 53. affect 54. recognize 55. find out 56. keep her weight down 57. basis 58. perceive 2020全国1卷山东D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? 12. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 2020全国2卷A 【英语词汇及表达】 1. viewing the quality 2. temporary exhibitions 3. forgiven 4. gallery 5. impressive 6. permanent collection 7. includes 8. programme 9. artists 10. discover 11. inspirational 12. visitors 13. works 14. interactive fun 15. attend a famous festival 16. history 17. explore 2020全国2卷A The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open:29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs. Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop:10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct). House:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct) Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith Abbot Hall art Gallery & Museum Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30 -17.00 Sumner.10.30 -16.00 Winter. Town:Kendal Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone! Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 17.00, Sun 11.00 – 17.00. Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 16.30, Sun 12.00 – 16.30. Town: Carlisle Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year. Open: Daily, 09.30 – 17.30 (last admission 17.00). Town: Grasmere 21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July? A. 09.30-17.30. B. 10.30-16.00. C. 11.15-16.00. D. 12.00-16.30 22. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum? A. Enjoy Ronney’s works. B. Have some interactive fun. C. Attend a famous festival. D. Learn the history of a family 23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life? A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere. 2020全国2卷B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. high-tech toy 2. child 3. researchers 4. puzzles 5. math-related skills 6. psychologist 7. expert 8. mathematics development 9. children 10. later 11. develop 12. spatial skills 13. significant predictor 14. controlling 15. differences 16. income 17. education 18. the amount of parent talk 19. tended to 20. complex 21. benefit from 22. building confidence 23. self-control 24. gaining high-tech knowledge 25. take into consideration 26. designing her experiment 27. imagination 28. child-parent relationship 29. differ from 30. more often 31. during 32. prefer to 33. spatial language 34. are likely to 35. tougher 36. mathematical method 37. scientific study 38. psychologist 39. teaching program 2020全国2卷B Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play? A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills. C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge. 25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？ A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination. C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship. 26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play? A. They play with puzzles more often. B. They tend to talk less during the game. C. They prefer to use more spatial language. D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles. 27. What is the text mainly about? A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study. C. A woman psychologist. D. A teaching program. 2020全国2卷C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. figure out 2. environmentalist 3. fur 4. cross your mind 5. enthusiasts 6. bring back the market 7. made from 8. unusual fashion shows 9. showcased 10. in different styles 11. sounds crazy 12. guilt-free 13. unless 14. destroying vast wetlands 15. project director 16. scientists 17. concerned 18. decided to 19. pay hunters $5 20. tail 21. trade 22. kept nutria check 23. for decades 24. market 25. in the late 1980s 26. cat-sized animals 27. multiplied 28. option 29. throwing paint 30. massive 31. purpose 32. promote 33. expand 34. introduce a new brand 35. celebrate 36. damage the ecosystem seriously 37. endangered species 38. hurt 39. local 40. illegally hunted 41. underlined word 42. boomed 43. mature 44. remained stable 45. crashed 46. infer about 47. formal 48. risky 49. harmful 50. traditional 2020全国2卷C When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur- unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market. C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday. 29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria? A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B. Nutria are an endangered species. C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted. 30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed. 31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional. 2020全国2卷D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. special 2. heart 3. as long as 4. enthusiastic reader 5. up to three books 6. child 7. lived out adventures 8. checked out 9. took on a new place 10. several 11. main 12. entertainment 13. a big deal 14. load up 15. local 16. pick out books 17. excitement 18. lives on 19. form generation to generation 20. novelist 21. relationship 22. encourage 23. can’t afford to 24. purchase 25. safe 26. fight 27. writers 28. support 29. in a significant way 30. describes 31. author’s 32. cooperative 33. uneasy 34. inseparable 35. casual 36. underlined phrase 37. refer to 38. pleasure 39. joy 40. passed on 41. wonderment 42. acting out 43. a closer bond 44. developed 45. call on 46. sponsor book fairs 47. social media 48. novels 2020全国2卷D I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. I always read ,using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books . Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation. As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child? A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual. 33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Pleasure from working in the library. B. Joy of reading passed on in the family. C. Wonderment from acting out the stories. D. A closer bond developed with the readers. 34. What does the author call on other writers to do? A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media. C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels. 35. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge B. My Idea about writing C. Library: A Haven for the Young D. My Love of the Library 2020全国2卷海南A 【英语词汇及表达】 1. Overnight Adventures 2. offers 3. teens 4. experiences 5. broadcasting 6. street art 7. highly unique camps 8. running every aspect of our own news station 9. kids 10. fellow campers 11. create 12. host a broadcast airing 13. entire 14. kitchen 15. culinary 16. definitely 17. the right fit 18. technical skills 19. roasting 20. frying 21. as well as 22. recipes 23. take home 24. share with their families 25. website 26. meet a star reporter 27. hold a dinner party 28. attract 2020全国2卷海南A Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered. Broadcasting Camp Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali. Secret Agent Camp In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field. Culinary Camp If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families. Street Art Camp This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to see. 1. How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer?A. 2. B. 4. C. 17. D. 21. 2. What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp? A. Create a website. B. Run a news station. C. Meet a star reporter. D. Hold a dinner party. 3. Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking? A. Broadcasting Camp. B. Secret Agent Camp. C. Culinary Camp D. Street Art Camp. 2020全国2卷海南B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. in sight 2. spirits 3. was back teaching 4. an absence of 15 years 5. dealing with 6. the various kinds of 7. forbidden fruit 8. come out of book bags 9. the spring of the water pistol 10. think up a method 11. a large wooden chest 12. full of toys 13. replied 14. imaginary 15. worked like magic 16. describe 17. different possessions 18. supposedly 19. taken away 20. seldom 21. appear at the end of the day 22. return the belonging 23. shared my joy 24. from then on 25. instead of 26. ask their possessions back 27. talking about 28. hearing about 29. collected 30. a surprise gift 31. beautifully made wooden chest 32. made my grandma's box a reality 33. author's purpose 34. having the conversation with the students 35. recommend 36. explain her teaching method 37. underlined words 38. maker 39. owner 40. made a present 41. infer about 42. telling jokes 43. strict 44. smart 45. loves doing woodwork 46. responsible 2020全国2卷海南B The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol. I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. "Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box." "What's that?" they asked. "It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied, "You don't have grandchildren," someone said. "I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them." My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging. The-years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then someone said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon." I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality. 4. What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students? A. To collect the water pistol. B. To talk about her grandchildren. C. To recommend some toys.D. To explain her teaching method. 5. What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to? A. The student's parent. B. The maker of the Grandma's Box. C. The author's grandchild. D. The owner of the forbidden fruit. 6. What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon? A. They went to play with the baby. B. They asked to see the Grandma's Box. C. They made a present for Gordon. D. They stopped asking their toys back. 7. What can we infer about the author? A. She enjoys telling jokes. B. She is a strict and smart teacher. C. She loves doing woodwork. D. She is a responsible grandmother. 2020全国2卷海南C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. was closed to motor traffic 2. enjoy a walk 3. organizers 4. expected 5. perhaps 6. show up 7. instead 8. crowded the roads 9. by the time 10. engineers 11. noticed 12. terrible 13. flattening 14. turned out to be 15. load 16. carry 17. scores 18. at once 19. breakdowns 20. acknowledges 21. engineering works 22. fail 23. thought them up 24. engineered them 25. simply 26. widens his view 27. consider 28. context 29. failures 30. occur 31. devices 32. design 33. constructed 34. low quality materials 35. incompetently applied 36. works so well 37. adopted 38. again and again 39. seemingly harmless improvements 40. suddenly 41. encounter 42. a moving discussion 43. responsibility 44. the public 45. grasp 46. failure 47. brings improvement 48. carried more weight 49. swayed violently 50. was damaged by vehicles 51. following 52. is well received 53. construction 54. disasters 55. caused 56. necessary 57. lead to progress 58. Success results in overconfidence. 59. avoided 60. Success comes from joint efforts. 61. a news report 62. a book review 63. a research article 2020全国2卷海南C In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway（晃动）. The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided. The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机）Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic. Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore. Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them. "Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement. 8. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday? A. It carried more weight than it could. B. It swayed violently in a strong wind. C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles. D. Its access was blocked by many people. 9. Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3? A. No design is well received everywhere. B. Construction is more important than design. C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design. D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary. 10. What does the last paragraph suggest? A. Failure can lead to progress. B. Success results in overconfidence. C. Failure should be avoided. D. Success comes from joint efforts. 11. What is the text? A. A news report. B. A short story. C. A book review. D. A research article. 2020全国2卷海南D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. rainforests 2. are home to 3. a rich variety of medicinal plants 4. single 5. species of ants 6. the whole of Britain 7. hectare 8. perfect system 9. ensuring 10. their own survival 11. branches and leaves 12. protect 13. plants 14. forest animals 15. heavy rain 16. intense dry heat 17. amazingly 18. touch 19. scientists 20. prevent the spread of any tree diseases 21. difficult 22. leaf-eating insects 23. caterpillars 24. generate 25. at least 26. 80 inches 27. normal 28. some areas 29. annually 30. contributes to 31. the formation of rainclouds 32. travel to other countries 33. in need of rain 34. produce oxygen 35. cover a vast area 36. managed 37. are rich in wildlife 38. the following 39. avoid 40. sunlight 41. growing space 42. self-protection 43. detection 44. a suitable title 45. life-giving 46. the law of the jungle 2020全国2卷海南D Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain. 12. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph? A. They produce oxygen. B. They cover a vast area. C. They are well managed. D. They are rich in wildlife. 13. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests? A. Heavy rains. B. Big trees. C. Small plants D. Forest animals. 14. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other? A. For more sunlight. B. For more growing space. C. For self-protection. D. For the detection of insects. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Life-Giving Rainforests B. The Law of the Jungle C. Animals in the Amazon D. Weather in Rainforests 2020全国3卷A 【英语词汇及表达】 1. journey 2. through 3. countryside 4. best-preserved 5. Roman monuments 6. includes a chance 7. footsteps 8. fields 9. villages 10. tasty meals 11. enrich this wonderful experience 12. lovely 13. treasury 14. ancient remains 15. including 16. historic 17. explore 18. historical 19. architecture 20. discover 21. past ages 22. walled cities 23. temples 24. mountain scenery 25. include 26. sacred peaks 27. rolling hills 28. waterways 29. peaceful 30. wander 31. exceptional museum 32. underground 33. capital 34. remote areas 35. unique 36. picturesque 37. lovely beaches 38. paintings 39. Greek buildings 40. knowledgeable 41. following 42. highlight 2020全国3卷A Journey Back in Time with Scholars Classical Provence(13days) Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence，France，with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile-roofed(瓦屋顶)villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience. Southern Spain(15days) Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香)of oranges，but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks，Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo，Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture. China’s Sacred Landscapes(21days) Discover the China of “past ages”, its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights(精彩之处)include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzbou’s rolling hills，waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai. Tunisia(17days) Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, unique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches. 21. What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain？ A. Historical monuments. B. Fields of flowers. C. Van Gogh’s paintings. D. Greek buildings. 22. Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about？ A. France. B. Spain. C. China. D. Tunisia. 23. Which of the following highlight the Tunisian tour？ A. White towns. B. Underground cities. C. Tile-roofed villages. D. Rolling hills. 2020全国3卷B 【英语词汇及表达】 1. the public 2. excited animal activists 3. gathered 4. throw red paint 5. fur-coat-wearing film stars 6. Instead, 7. dressed in 8. suit 9. arrived 10. sign 11. praising the filmmakers 12. creative team 13. technology 14. create 15. digitalized 16. tens of millions of dollars 17. records 18. actor’s performance 19. later 20. processes 21. graphics 22. in this case 23. realistic-looking 24. nonprofit organization 25. monitors 26. treatment 27. filmed entertainment 28. productions 29. a number of 30. including 31. drawn the anger 32. creatures 33. acting 34. treated properly 35. in some cases 36. on set 37. studio 38. worried 39. off-set training 40. living conditions 41. raising concerns 42. closely 43. filmed 44. famous 45. oppose 46. raise money 47. protection 48. express thanks 49. cost 50. creation 51. publicity 52. underlined phrase 53. probably mean 54. listing completely 55. directing professionally 56. promoting successfully 57. watching carefully 58. infer 59. badly 60. take further training 61. traded illegally 62. lose popularity 2020全国3卷B When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!” The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape. Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly. In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates. 24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard? A. To see famous film stars. B. To oppose wearing fur coats. C. To raise money for animal protection. D. To express thanks to some filmmakers. 25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. The cost of making “Apes.” B. The creation of digitalized apes. C. The publicity about “Apes.” D. The performance of real apes. 26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally. C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully. 27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors? A. They may be badly treated. B. They should take further training. C. They could be traded illegally. D. They would lose popularity. 2020全国3卷C 【英语词汇及表达】 1. unable to 2. afford to 3. at risk of 4. choosing to 5. under the same roof 6. share a front door 7. washing machine 8. own kitchen 9. bathroom 10. bedroom 11. living room 12. on the ground floor 13. floated the idea to 14. cuts in 15. mother-in-law 16. from my standpoint 17. seems to 18. work 19. recommend 20. it’s hard to tell exactly 21. agree with 22. research 23. indicates 24. rising 25. official reports 26. suggest 27. the number of households 28. three generations 29. it is said that 30. compared with 31. the total number of 32. is thought to be 33. million 34. mainly 35. attitude 36. positive 37. carefree 38. tolerant 39. unwilling 40. is based on 41. author’s statement 42. family traditions 43. financial reports 44. published statistics 45. public opinions 46. text 47. lifestyles 48. conflicts 49. a housing problem 50. rising trend 2020全国3卷C With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.” It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married. 28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A. Nick. B. Rita. C. Kathryn D. The daughters. 29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law? A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Tolerant. D. Unwilling. 30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on? A. Family traditions. B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations. C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK. 2020全国3卷D 【英语词汇及表达】 1. products 2. evolution 3. occurred 4. billions of years 5. scientists 6. look deeper into 7. examples 8. human 9. highlands 10. adapted to 11. at high altitudes 12. Cattle -raising 13. northern Europe 14. gained 15. digest milk 16. adults 17. article 18. published 19. a team of researchers 20. reported 21. a new kind of adaptation 22. ocean 23. number 24. hundreds of thousands 25. traditionally 26. houseboats 27. in recent times 28. coastal waters 29. amazed 30. stay underwater 31. it seemed like 32. perfect chance 33. natural selection 34. act on a population 35. a number of other genes 36. dive 37. author 38. environmental adaptation 39. raisers 40. knowledge 41. recent findings 42. human origin 43. significance 44. selection 45. in valleys 46. near rivers 47. on the beach 48. off the coast 49. astonished 50. all day 51. a superb way of fishing 52. suitable title 53. remodeled 54. survival skills 55. basic methods 56. genetic research 57. divers 2020全国3卷D We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.” In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. 32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1? A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution. C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection. 33. Where do the Bajau build their houses? A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast. 34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing. C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers $$ 高考英语阅读理解&词汇记忆超能力养成秘籍 （2020年高考英语真题精讲） 2020全国1卷A 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 词汇背诵 1. customers 顾客，客户 2. travelling 旅行，出行 3. services 服务 4. in possession of 拥有 5. valid 有效的 6. ticket 票，车票 7. boarding 上车，登车 8. information 信息 9. local station 当地车站，本地车站 10. check the train schedule 查看火车时刻表 英语词汇及表达 1. 2. customers 3. travelling 4. services 5. in possession of 6. valid 7. ticket 8. boarding 9. information 10. local station 11. check the train schedule 2020全国1卷A Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property(失物招领) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station. Public holidays On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime. Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17. Guardian trains (outbound) Depart Origin Destination Arrive 6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm 7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm 8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52pm 11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22am 21. What would you do get ticker information? A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink .com.au. C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule. 22. At which station can you find the lost property office? A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley. 23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes? A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm. 2020全国1卷A Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property(失物招领) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station. Public holidays On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime. Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17. Guardian trains (outbound) Depart Origin Destination Arrive 6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm 7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm 8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52pm 11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22am 21. What would you do get ticker information? A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit translink. com.au. C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule. 22. At which station can you find the lost property office? A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley. 23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes? A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm. 2020全国1卷A 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。 【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。 【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。 【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。 全文翻译： 火车信息 所有乘坐TransLink服务的乘客在上车前必须持有有效车票。有关车票信息，请咨询您当地的车站或拨打13 12 30。 昆士兰铁路尽力确保火车按计划运行，但不能保证火车之间或火车服务与公交服务之间的连接。 失物招领 在工作时间内，如需寻找在昆士兰铁路服务上遗失的物品，请拨打13 16 17联系失物招领。 失物招领办公室周一至周五上午7:30至下午5:00开放，位于罗马街站。 公共假期 在公共假期，通常执行周日时间表。在某些重大活动日，即澳大利亚日、澳新军团日、体育和文化日，可能会有特别的额外服务。 圣诞节当天服务按照圣诞节时间表运行，出行前请访问translink.com.au或随时拨打13 12 30联系TransLink。 使用移动辅助设备的乘客 许多车站从停车场或入口到站台都有轮椅通道。 如需帮助，请拨打13 16 17联系昆士兰铁路。 守护者火车（出站） 出发 起点 终点 到达 下午6:42 阿尔坦迪 大学湖 晚上7:37 下午7:29 中央 大学湖 晚上8:52 晚上8:57 勇气谷 大学湖 晚上9:52 晚上11:02 罗马街 大学湖 凌晨12:22 21. 如何获得车票信息？ A. 拨打13 16 17。 B. 访问translink.com.au。C. 在当地车站询问。 D. 查看火车时刻表。 22. 失物招领办公室在哪个车站？ A. 阿尔坦迪。 B. 罗马街。 C. 大学湖。 D. 勇气谷。 23. 如果你从中央车站去大学湖，你会乘坐哪趟火车？ A. 下午6:42。 B. 下午7:29。 C. 晚上8:57。 D. 晚上11:02。 2020全国1卷B 词汇背诵 1. returning to 返回到 2. many times 许多次 3. drinks 饮料/酒 4. welcome familiarity 受欢迎的熟悉感 5. a slight suspicion 轻微的怀疑 6. thus 因此 7. relationship 关系 8. act of rereading 重读的行为 9. transformative 变革性的 10. beauty 美 11. lies in the idea that 基于这样一个观点 12. bond 联系/纽带 13. work 作品 14. is based on 基于 15. present mental register 当前的心理状态 16. time has wings 时间有翅膀（意指时间飞逝） 17. published 出版的 18. classic memoir 经典回忆录 19. aging writer 年迈的作家 20. looking back on 回顾 21. ambitious 有雄心的 22. simpler time 更简单的时代 23. Selected Poems 精选诗集 24. poetry 诗歌 25. imagine 想象 26. while 虽然/尽管 27. indeed 的确 28. necessary 必要的 29. an author’s work 作者的作品 30. pay 支付 31. evaluates 评估 32. substitute 替代品 33. extends the understanding of oneself 扩展对自我的理解 34. brief account of... 对...的简短记述 35. record 记录 36. historic event 历史事件 37. refer to 指的是 38. debt 债务 39. reward 奖励 40. allowance 津贴 41. face value 面值 42. infer about 推断 43. editor 编辑 44. ambitious 有野心的 2020全国1卷B 英语词汇及表达 1. 2. returning to 3. many times 4. drinks 5. welcome familiarity 6. a slight suspicion 7. thus 8. relationship 9. act of rereading 10. transformative 11. beauty 12. lies in the idea that 13. bond 14. work 15. is based on 16. present mental register 17. time has wings 18. published 19. classic memoir 20. aging writer 21. looking back on 22. ambitious 23. simpler time 24. Selected Poems 25. poetry 26. imagine 27. while 28. indeed 29. necessary 30. an author’s work 31. pay 32. evaluates 33. substitute 34. extends the understanding of oneself 35. brief account of... 36. record 37. historic event 38. refer to 39. debt 40. reward 41. allowance 42. face value 43. infer about 44. editor 45. ambitious 2020全国1卷B Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight. There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Earnest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 24. Why does the author like rereading? A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. B. It’s a window to a whole new world. C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend. D. It extends the understanding of oneself. 25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast? A. It’s a brief account of a trip. B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man. C. It’s a record of a historic event. D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris. 26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value. 27. What can we infer about the author from the text? A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor. C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading. 2020全国1卷B Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight. There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Earnest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 24. Why does the author like rereading? A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. B. It’s a window to a whole new world. C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend. D. It extends the understanding of oneself. 25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast? A. It’s a brief account of a trip. B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man. C. It’s a record of a historic event. D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris. 26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to? A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value. 27. What can we infer about the author from the text? A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor. C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading. 2020全国1卷B 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。 【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。 【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。 【26题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。 【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。 全文翻译： 重新阅读一本你已经读过很多次的书，感觉就像是和一个老朋友一起喝酒。有一种受欢迎的熟悉感——但有时也会轻微怀疑时间已经改变了你们两个，因此关系也随之改变。但书是不会变的，变的是人。这就是重新阅读之所以如此丰富和变革性的原因。 重新阅读之美在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们当前的心理状态。的确，我越老，越觉得时间有翅膀。但阅读，全都是关于当下的。它是关于现在和一个人对现在的贡献，因为阅读是作者和读者之间的一种互动。每个人都必须付出自己的努力。 我每年都会重读三本书。第一本，我每年春天都会读的是欧内斯特·海明威的《流动的盛宴》。这本书出版于1964年，是他关于20世纪20年代巴黎的经典回忆录。语言几乎是令人陶醉的，一个年迈的作家回顾一个雄心勃勃却更简单的时代。另一本书是安妮·迪拉德的《神圣的公司》，她1975年的随笔，关于一切和无。第三本书是胡里奥·科塔萨尔的《拯救暮色：精选诗集》，因为诗歌。也因为科塔萨尔。 虽然我倾向于买很多书，但这三本书是作为礼物送给我的，这可能增加了我赋予它们的意义。但我相信，虽然金钱确实是美妙和必要的，但重新阅读一个作者的作品是读者可以支付给他们的最高货币。最好的书是那些随着时间推移而进一步展开的书。但请记住，你必须成长、阅读和重读，以便更好地理解你的朋友。 24. 作者为什么喜欢重读？ A. 它评估了作者-读者关系。 B. 它是通向一个全新世界的窗口。 C. 它是与朋友喝酒的替代品。 D. 它扩展了对自我的理解。 25. 关于《流动的盛宴》这本书，我们知道什么？ A. 它是一次旅行的简短记述。 B. 它是关于海明威年轻时的生活。 C. 它是对一个历史事件的记录。 D. 它是关于海明威在巴黎的朋友。 26. 第四段中划线词“currency”指的是什么？A. 债务。 B. 奖励。 C. 津贴。 D. 面值。 27. 我们能从文本中推断出关于作者的什么？ A. 他喜欢诗歌。 B. 他是一名编辑。 C. 他非常有野心。 D. 他教阅读。 2020全国1卷C 词汇背诵 1. race walking 竞走 2. shares many fitness benefits 共享许多健康益处 3. research 研究 4. shows 显示 5. most likely 最有可能 6. contributing to fewer injuries 有助于减少受伤 7. own problem 自身的问题 8. walkers 步行者 9. conditioned athletes 有训练的运动员 10. track and field event 田径项目 11. Olympics 奥运会 12. five miles 五英里 13. marathon 马拉松 14. rules 规则 15. require 要求 16. knees 膝盖 17. stay straight 保持伸直 18. leg swing 腿部摆动 19. remain 保持 20. ground 地面 21. at all times 始终 22. as a result 因此 23. associated with 与...相关 24. uncommon 不常见的 25. in fact 事实上 26. wishing to 希望 27. probably 大概 28. first consult a coach 首先咨询教练 29. experienced racer 有经验的竞走者 30. proper technique 正确的技术 31. long distances 长距离 32. are qualified for 有资格参加 33. follow special rules 遵守特殊规则 34. are good at 擅长 35. swinging 摆动 36. advantage 优势 37. popular 受欢迎 38. less challenging physically 身体上挑战较小 39. effective 有效的 40. body building 健身/塑身 41. cause 导致 42. suggestion 建议 43. experts’ opinions 专家的意见 44. having a medical checkup 进行体检 45. hiring 雇佣 46. regular exercises 定期锻炼 47. describes 描述 48. author’s attitude 作者的态度 49. skeptical 怀疑的 50. objective 客观的 51. tolerant 宽容的 52. conservative 保守的 2020全国1卷C 英语词汇及表达 1. race walking 2. shares many fitness benefits 3. research 4. shows 5. most likely 6. contributing to fewer injuries 7. own problem 8. walkers 9. conditioned athletes 10. track and field event 11. Olympics 12. five miles 13. marathon 14. rules 15. require 16. knees 17. stay straight 18. leg swing 19. remain 20. ground 21. at all times 22. as a result 23. associated with 24. uncommon 25. in fact 26. wishing to 27. probably 28. first consult a coach 29. experienced racer 30. proper technique 31. long distances 32. are qualified for 33. follow special rules 34. are good at 35. swinging 36. advantage 37. popular 38. less challenging physically 39. effective 40. body building 41. cause 42. suggestion 43. experts’ opinions 44. having a medical checkup 45. hiring 46. regular exercises 47. describes 48. author’s attitude 49. skeptical 50. objective 51. tolerant 52. conservative 2020全国1卷C Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon. C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 29. What advantage does race walking have over running? A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically. C. It’s more effective in body building. D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. 30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises. 31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative. 2020全国1卷C Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice. 28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon. C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs. 29. What advantage does race walking have over running? A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically. C. It’s more effective in body building. D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. 30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup. C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises. 31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking? A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative. 2020全国1卷C 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。 【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。 【29题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。 30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。 【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。 全文翻译: 竞走与跑步在健康益处方面有许多共同之处，研究显示，同时它很可能有助于减少受伤。然而，竞走也有其自身的问题。 竞走者是有训练的运动员。夏季奥运会上最长的田径项目是50公里竞走，比马拉松长大约五英里。但该运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在大部分腿部摆动过程中保持伸直，且一只脚始终与地面保持接触。正是这种奇特的姿势使得竞走成为一种吸引人的活动，然而，位于马萨诸塞州塞勒姆的塞勒姆州立大学运动科学助理教授Jaclyn Norberg说。 像跑步一样，竞走对体力要求很高，她说，根据大多数计算，以每小时六英里的速度移动的竞走者每小时会燃烧大约800卡路里，这大约是他们走路时燃烧的两倍，尽管比跑步少，跑步可能会燃烧大约1000或更多的卡路里每小时。 然而，竞走不会像跑步那样剧烈冲击身体，Norberg博士说。根据她的研究，跑步者每一步落地时的冲击力是他们体重的四倍，而竞走者，由于不离开地面，每步只产生大约1.4倍体重的冲击力。 因此，她说，一些与跑步相关的受伤，如跑步膝，在竞走者中是不常见的。但这项运动的奇特姿势确实对脚踝和臀部造成相当大的压力，所以有这类受伤史的人可能在尝试这项运动时要小心。实际上，任何想要尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者以学习正确的技术，她说。这需要一些练习。 28. 为什么竞走者是有训练的运动员？ A. 他们必须跑很长的距离。 B. 他们有资格参加马拉松。 C. 他们必须遵守特殊规则。 D. 他们擅长摆动腿部。 29. 竞走相比跑步有什么优势？ A. 它在奥运会上更受欢迎。 B. 它对身体的挑战较小。 C. 它在健身方面更有效。 D. 它不太可能导致膝盖受伤。 30. Norberg博士对尝试竞走的人有什么建议？ A. 获得专家的意见。 B. 进行体检。 C. 雇佣一个有经验的教练。 D. 做定期的锻炼。 31. 哪个词最能描述作者对竞走的态度？ A. 怀疑的。 B. 客观的。 C. 宽容的。 D. 保守的。 2020全国1卷D 词汇背诵 1. connection 联系 2. plants 植物 3. subject 主题 4. scientific research 科学研究 5. recent studies 最近的研究 6. positive effects 积极的效果 7. conducted 进行 8. discovered 发现 9. areas 地区 10. experienced less crime 经历较少犯罪 11. employees 员工 12. productive 生产力高的 13. workplaces 工作场所 14. were decorated with houseplants 用室内植物装饰 15. include 包括 16. sensors 传感器 17. printed 打印的 18. leaves 叶子 19. are short of water 缺水 20. detect harmful chemicals 检测有害化学物质 21. groundwater 地下水 22. lighting 照明 23. accounts for 占 24. total electricity 总电力 25. consumed 消耗 26. is often far removed from 常常远离 27. distance 距离 28. power plant 发电厂 29. street lamps 路灯 30. remote highway 偏远公路 31. energy 能量 32. glowing plants 发光植物 33. reduce this distance 减少这个距离 34. therefore 因此 35. save energy 节省能源 36. paragraph 段落 37. mainly 主要 38. a big fall in crime rates 犯罪率大幅下降 39. various 各种 40. benefits from 从...中受益 41. function 功能 42. lack of 缺乏 43. change compositions 改变成分 44. test 测试 45. expect 期望 46. speed up energy production 加速能源生产 47. transmit electricity 传输电力 48. reduce energy consumption 减少能源消耗 49. take the place of 取代 50. power plants 发电厂 51. the following 以下 52. the best title 最佳标题 53. live with 与...共存 54. replace 替换 55. pollution-free 无污染的 2020全国1卷D 英语词汇及表达 1. connection 2. plants 3. subject 4. scientific research 5. recent studies 6. positive effects 7. conducted 8. discovered 9. areas 10. experienced less crime 11. employees 12. productive 13. workplaces 14. were decorated with houseplants 15. include 16. sensors 17. printed 18. leaves 19. are short of water 20. detect harmful chemicals 21. groundwater 22. lighting 23. accounts for 24. total electricity 25. consumed 26. is often far removed from 27. distance 28. power plant 29. street lamps 30. remote highway 31. energy 32. glowing plants 33. reduce this distance 34. therefore 35. save energy 36. paragraph 37. mainly 38. a big fall in crime rates 39. various 40. benefits from 41. function 42. lack of 43. change compositions 44. test 45. expect 46. speed up energy production 47. transmit electricity 48. reduce energy consumption 49. take the place of 50. power plants 51. the following 52. the best title 53. live with 54. replace 55. pollution-free 2020全国1卷D The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water B. To change compositions of plants C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 2020全国1卷D The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates. C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants’ lack of water B. To change compositions of plants C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home. C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants. 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants? C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free? 2020全国1卷D 【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。 【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。 【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。 【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。 【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。 全文翻译： 人与植物之间的联系一直是科学研究的主题。最近的研究发现了积极的效果。例如，在俄亥俄州的扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市中绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所用室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率提高了15%。 麻省理工学院（MIT）的工程师们进一步改变了植物的实际成分，使它们能够执行多样化甚至不寻常的功能。这些包括在叶子上打印传感器以显示它们何时缺水的植物，以及能够检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。“我们正在考虑如何通过工程手段使植物取代我们日常使用的物品的功能，”麻省理工学院化学工程教授迈克尔·斯特拉诺解释道。 他的最新项目之一是利用一些常见的蔬菜使植物在实验中发光。斯特拉诺的团队发现他们能够创造出持续三个半小时的微弱光线。这种光线大约是阅读所需光线量的千分之一，只是一个开始。斯特拉诺说，这项技术有一天可以用来照亮房间，甚至将树木变成自给自足的路灯。 未来，该团队希望开发一种技术版本，可以一次性喷涂在植物叶子上，持续植物的一生。工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关，使得在日光下暴露时光芒会消退。 照明占美国总电力消耗的约7%。由于照明往往远离电源——例如，从发电厂到偏远高速公路上的路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失大量能量。 发光植物可以减少这个距离，因此有助于节省能源。 32. 第一段主要关于什么？ A. 对不同植物的新研究。 B. 犯罪率的大幅下降。 C. 来自各种工作场所的员工。 D. 绿色植物的好处。 33. MIT工程师在植物叶子上打印的传感器的功能是什么？ A. 检测植物缺水 B. 改变植物的成分 C. 延长植物的寿命。 D. 测试植物中的化学物质。 34. 我们对未来发光植物的期望是什么？ A. 它们将加快能源生产。 B. 它们可能会向家庭传输电力。 C. 它们可能会帮助减少能源消耗。D. 它们可能取代发电厂。 35. 以下哪项可以作为本文的最佳标题？ A. 我们能种植更多的发光植物吗？ B. 我们如何与发光植物共存？ C. 发光植物能取代灯具吗？ D. 发光植物是如何变得无污染的？ 2020全国1卷山东A 词汇背诵 1. trip 旅行 2. winners 获奖者 3. choice 选择 4. judges 评委 5. choose 选择 6. up to 50 honorable mention winners 多达50名荣誉奖获奖者 7. receive a t-shirt 收到一件T恤 8. in memory of 以纪念 9. final flight 最后一次飞行 10. follow all rules carefully 仔细遵循所有规则 11. prevent disqualification 防止被取消资格 12. poem 诗 13. fewer 更少的 14. format 格式 15. by hand 手写 16. type on a single sheet of paper 在一张纸上打字 17. the front and back of the paper 纸的正反两面 18. address 地址 19. birth date 出生日期 20. mail your entry 邮寄你的参赛作品 21. plane ticket 飞机票 22. the following 以下 23. result in 导致 24. sides 面 英语词汇及表达 1. 2. trip 3. winners 4. choice 5. judges 6. choose 7. up to 50 honorable mention winners 8. receive a t-shirt 9. in memory of 10. final flight 11. follow all rules carefully 12. prevent disqualification 13. poem 14. fewer 15. format 16. by hand 17. type on a single sheet of paper 18. the front and back of the paper 19. address 20. birth date 21. mail your entry 22. plane ticket 23. the following 24. result in 25. sides 2020全国1卷山东A POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. 2020全国1卷山东A POETRY CHALLENGE Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes 3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World. 6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch. 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. Rules Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines. ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper. ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date. ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. 1. How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Six. 2. What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A. A plane ticket. B. A book by Corinne Szabo. C. A special T-shirt. D. A photo of Amelia Earhart. 3. Which of the following will result in disqualification? A. Typing your poem out. B. Writing a poem of 120 words. C. Using both sides of the paper. D. Mailing your entry on October 30. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文是一篇诗歌大赛征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。 【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Prizes部分中第三段“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。 【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故结合选项，B选项(写一首120字的诗)是会被取消资格的。故选B。 全文翻译： 诗歌挑战 写一首诗，描述勇气、决心和力量如何帮助你面对生活中的挑战。 奖品 3个大奖：三个获奖者每人将获得一次华盛顿特区之旅，包括获奖者本人、一名家长以及获奖者选择的另一人。旅行包括往返机票、两晚酒店住宿，以及参观国家航空航天博物馆和国家地理杂志办公室。 6个一等奖：由作者Corinne Szabo和飞行员Linda Finch签名的《天空先锋：阿米莉亚·埃尔哈特的摄影传记》一书。 50个荣誉奖：评委将选出多达50名荣誉奖获奖者，每位获奖者将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后飞行的T恤。 规则 仔细遵循所有规则，以防止被取消资格。 ■用100字或更少的字数写一首诗。你的诗可以是任何格式，任何行数。 ■手写或在一张纸上打字。你可以使用纸的正反两面。 ■在同一张纸上，写下或打印你的姓名、地址、电话号码和出生日期。 ■在本年度10月31日前将你的参赛作品邮寄给我们。 1. 每个大奖获奖者可以带多少人参加免费旅行？A. 两人。 B. 三人。 C. 四人。 D. 六人。 2. 每位荣誉奖获奖者将获得什么？ A. 一张飞机票。 B. Corinne Szabo的书。C. 一件特别的T恤。 D. 阿米莉亚·埃尔哈特的照片。 3. 以下哪项会导致被取消资格？ A. 打印你的诗。 B. 写一首120字的诗。C. 使用纸的两面。 D. 在10月30日邮寄你的参赛作品。 2020全国1卷山东B 词汇背诵 1. needed more willpower 需要更多的意志力 2. typical college student 典型的大学生 3. pursue her goal 追求她的目标 4. earning a nursing degree 获得护理学位 5. bore fruit 结出果实（比喻成功或达到目的） 6. graduated from University 大学毕业 7. earn a bachelor's degree 获得学士学位 8. ran the farm 经营农场 9. attended a local technical college 参加了当地的技术学院 10. pay 支付 11. extra money 额外的钱 12. set aside for a college education 为大学教育留出 13. chose 选择 14. program 项目 15. was able to 能够 16. pursue her four-year degree 追求她的四年学位 17. close to home 离家近 18. drive to class 开车去上课 19. kids 孩子们 20. remained in good academic standing 保持良好的学术地位 21. graduated with honors 以优异成绩毕业 22. giving up 放弃 23. missing important events 错过重要事件 24. witnessing 目睹 25. a first-generation graduate 第一代毕业生 26. inspiration 鼓舞 27. pretty powerful 非常强大 28. on her own 独自 29. supported herself through college 自己支付大学费用 30. take care of 照顾 31. a well-paid job 一份高薪工作 32. health 健康 33. reputation 名声 34. chance of promotion 晋升机会 35. breaks down barriers 打破障碍 36. Hard work pays off. 努力工作会有回报。 37. Education is the key to success. 教育是成功的关键。 2020全国1卷山东B 英语词汇及表达 1. needed more willpower 2. typical college student 3. pursue her goal 4. earning a nursing degree 5. bore fruit 6. graduated from University 7. earn a bachelor's degree 8. ran the farm 9. attended a local technical college 10. pay 11. extra money 12. set aside for a college education 13. chose 14. program 15. was able to 16. pursue her four-year degree 17. close to home 18. drive to class 19. kids 20. remained in good academic standing 21. graduated with honors 22. giving up 23. missing important events 24. witnessing 25. a first-generation graduate 26. inspiration 27. pretty powerful 28. on her own 29. supported herself through college 30. take care of 31. a well-paid job 32. health 33. reputation 34. chance of promotion 35. breaks down barriers 36. Hard work pays off. 37. Education is the key to success. 2020全国1卷山东B Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful. 4. What did Jennifer do after high school? A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield? A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses. C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there. 6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A. Her health. B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion. 7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers. C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success. 2020全国1卷山东B Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful. 4. What did Jennifer do after high school? A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield? A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses. C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there. 6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A. Her health. B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion. 7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers. C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。 【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。 【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。 【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。 【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she reminded in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。 全文翻译： 詹妮弗·毛尔在追求获得护理学位的目标时，需要比一般大学生更多的意志力。当詹妮弗从威斯康星大学欧克莱尔分校毕业，成为她大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，这种意志力结出了果实。 来自威斯康星州埃德加的毛尔，在一个大家庭中长大，家里有10个孩子。她的父亲在农场外工作，她的母亲和孩子们一起经营农场。高中毕业后，詹妮弗上了当地的技术学院，工作来支付她的学费，因为没有额外的钱用于大学教育。毕业后，她工作来帮助她的兄弟姐妹支付他们的学费。 詹妮弗现在结婚了，有三个孩子。她决定回到大学去提升她的职业生涯，并且能够在做她喜欢的事情——护理——的同时更好地支持她的家庭。她选择了威斯康星大学欧克莱尔分校在马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的项目，因为她能够在家附近追求她的四年学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上回家帮助照顾孩子。詹妮弗在努力获得学位的过程中得到了家人的大力支持：她的丈夫打了两份工作来支付账单，她68岁的母亲有时帮忙照顾孩子。 尽管如此，她仍然保持良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业。詹妮弗为了实现她的目标做出了牺牲，放弃了许多与孩子共度的夜晚，错过了重要的事件来学习。她说：“有些夜晚，我不得不在孩子和为考试或论文学习之间做出选择，我的心都碎了。”然而，她的孩子们在目睹母亲获得学位的过程中学到了重要的一课。詹妮弗是第一代毕业生，对家人来说是一种鼓舞——这是非常有力的。 4. 高中毕业后詹妮弗做了什么？ A. 她帮助她爸爸工作。B. 她独自经营家庭农场。C. 她自费上大学。D. 她在家教她的兄弟姐妹。 5. 詹妮弗为什么选择马什菲尔德圣约瑟夫医院的项目？ A. 为了方便照顾孩子。 B. 向最好的护士学习。C. 为父母省钱。 D. 在那里找到一份高薪工作。 6. 詹妮弗为了实现她的目标牺牲了什么？ A. 她的健康。 B. 她与家人的时间。C. 她的名声。 D. 她的晋升机会。 7. 我们从詹妮弗的故事中学到了什么？ A. 时间就是金钱。 B. 爱能打破障碍。C. 努力工作会有回报。 D. 教育是成功的关键。 2020全国1卷山东C 词汇背诵 1. volunteer 志愿者 2. physically broken 身体垮掉 3. lost his mind 精神崩溃 4. still attracted to the country 仍然被这个国家吸引 5. returned to 返回到 6. write an article 写一篇文章 7. disappearance 消失 8. visit 访问 9. ended up 结果是 10. involving 涉及 11. a quick look at life 对生活的快速一瞥 12. made of friendliness and warmth 由友好和温暖构成 13. darker side of society 社会的阴暗面 14. admires the architectural wonders 欣赏建筑奇迹 15. on his way to 在去...的路上 16. gets a taste of police methods 体验警察的手段 17. suspected of drug dealing 被怀疑贩毒 18. attends 参加 19. followed by 之后是 20. a strange drinking party 一个奇怪的饮酒派对 21. is saddened by the dust storms 为沙尘暴感到悲伤 22. diseases 疾病 23. fishing boats 渔船 24. stuck miles from the sea 被困在远离海洋的数英里之外 25. skillfully organizes historical insights 巧妙地组织历史洞察 26. cultural references 文化参考 27. tale 故事 28. well-rounded picture 全面的画面 29. judgment 判断 30. decidedly 明显地 31. as well as 以及 32. delicate stomach 敏感的胃 33. as the author explains 正如作者解释的 34. neither...nor... 既不是...也不是... 35. a piece of reportage 一篇报道 36. result 结果 37. a fine and vivid description 精彩而生动的描述 38. purest 最纯粹的 39. traditions 传统 40. invitation 邀请 41. interest 兴趣 42. desire 愿望 43. regain health 恢复健康 44. developing a serious mental disease 患上严重的心理疾病 45. taking a guided tour 参加导游之旅 46. the following 以下 47. describes 描述 48. road trip 公路旅行 49. romantic 浪漫的 50. eventful 多事的 51. pleasant 愉快的 52. dangerous 危险的 53. purpose 目的 54. introduce 介绍 55. explain a cultural phenomenon 解释一个文化现象 56. recommend a travel destination 推荐一个旅行目的地 2020全国1卷山东C 英语词汇及表达 1. volunteer 2. physically broken 3. lost his mind 4. still attracted to the country 5. returned to 6. write an article 7. disappearance 8. visit 9. ended up 10. involving 11. a quick look at life 12. made of friendliness and warmth 13. darker side of society 14. admires the architectural wonders 15. on his way to 16. gets a taste of police methods 17. suspected of drug dealing 18. attends 19. followed by 20. a strange drinking party 21. is saddened by the dust storms 22. diseases 23. fishing boats 24. stuck miles from the sea 25. skillfully organizes historical insights 26. cultural references 27. tale 28. well-rounded picture 29. judgment 30. decidedly 31. as well as 32. delicate stomach 33. as the author explains 34. neither...nor... 35. a piece of reportage 36. result 37. a fine and vivid description 38. purest 39. traditions 40. invitation 41. interest 42. desire 43. regain health 44. developing a serious mental disease 45. taking a guided tour 46. the following 47. describes 48. road trip 49. romantic 50. eventful 51. pleasant 52. dangerous 53. purpose 54. introduce 55. explain a cultural phenomenon 56. recommend a travel destination 2020全国1卷山东C In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea. Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan? A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country. C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health. 9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan? A. Romantic. B. Eventful.C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous. 11. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon. C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination. 2020全国1卷山东C In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea. Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan? A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country. C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health. 9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Developing a serious mental disease. B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan? A. Romantic. B. Eventful.C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous. 11. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon. C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。 【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。 【9题详解】词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。 【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。 【11题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。 全文翻译： 在20世纪90年代中期，汤姆·比塞尔作为志愿者在乌兹别克斯坦教授英语。七个月后，他身心俱疲地离开了那里。几年后，他仍然被这个国家吸引，于是重返乌兹别克斯坦，撰写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。 然而，他的访问最终涉及的内容远不止这些。因此有了这本书，《追逐海洋：在中亚帝国的幽灵中迷失》，它讲述了从塔什干到卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的一次公路旅行，那里数百万人的生活因海洋的缓慢干涸而遭到破坏。这是一个美国人前往一个陌生国度的故事，以及他在旅途中遇到的人：他的翻译鲁斯塔姆，一个在加利福尼亚学会他丰富多彩的英语的可爱的24岁年轻人，他在塔什干的主人奥列格和娜塔莎，以及一连串的外援工作者。 这是对乌兹别克斯坦生活的快速一瞥，充满了友好和温暖，但也有其社会更阴暗的一面。在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生欣赏建筑奇迹，而在前往布哈拉的途中，他因被怀疑贩毒而体验了警察的手段。在费尔干纳，他参加了一场山地葬礼，随后是一场奇怪的饮酒派对。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和远离海洋数英里的被困渔船感到悲伤。 比塞尔先生巧妙地组织了历史洞察和文化参考，使他的故事成为从西方视角看到的乌兹别克斯坦的全面画面。他的判断和参考无疑是美国的，还有他敏感的胃。正如作者所解释的，这不是一本旅行书，也不是历史书，甚至不是一篇报道。无论它是什么，结果都是对最纯粹的中亚传统的精彩而生动的描述。 8. 什么促使比塞尔先生重返乌兹别克斯坦？ A. 朋友的邀请。 B. 对这个国家的兴趣。C. 对教学的热爱。 D. 恢复健康的愿望。 9. 第二段中划线词“that”指的是什么？ A. 严重的心理疾病。B. 在中亚进行导游之旅。C. 在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者。D. 撰写关于咸海的文章。 10. 以下哪项最能描述比塞尔先生在乌兹别克斯坦的公路旅行？A. 浪漫的。 B. 多事的。 C. 愉快的。 D. 危险的。 11. 这段文字的目的是什么？ A. 介绍一本书。 B. 解释一个文化现象。C. 纪念一位作家。 D. 推荐一个旅行目的地。 2020全国1卷山东D 词汇背诵 1. according to 根据 2. a recent study 最近的一项研究 3. size 体型 4. consumption habits 消费习惯 5. eating companions 饮食伙伴 6. influence our food intake 影响我们的食物摄入量 7. contrary to 与...相反 8. existing research 现有研究 9. avoid 避免 10. order 点餐 11. appetites 胃口 12. test the effect 测试效果 13. social influence 社会影响 14. researchers 研究人员 15. conducted two experiments 进行了两个实验 16. undergraduate women 本科女生 17. individually 单独地 18. invited 邀请 19. lab 实验室 20. participate in 参加 21. movie viewership 电影观众 22. film 电影 23. asked 请求 24. help herself to a snack 自取小吃 25. actor 演员 26. hired 雇佣的 27. grabbed 拿取 28. in her natural state 在她的自然状态下 29. weighed 105 pounds 体重105磅 30. in half the cases 在一半的情况下 31. a specially designed fat suit 特制的肥胖装 32. increased 增加 33. the fat and thin versions of the actor 演员的胖瘦版本 34. took a large amount of food 拿了很多食物 35. participants 参与者 36. followed suit 效仿 37. normally 通常 38. significantly 显著地 39. adjust the influence 调整影响 40. an overweight person 超重的人 41. a large portion 大份量 42. hold back a bit 稍微节制 43. results 结果 44. keep slim 保持苗条 45. mainly 主要地 46. food safety 食品安全 47. consumer demand 消费者需求 48. eating behavior 饮食行为 49. underlined word 划线的词 50. refer to 指的是 51. big eaters 大胃王 52. picky eaters 挑食的人 53. affect 影响 54. recognize 认出 55. find out 找出 56. keep her weight down 保持她的体重 57. basis 依据 2020全国1卷山东D 英语词汇及表达 1. according to 2. a recent study 3. size 4. consumption habits 5. eating companions 6. influence our food intake 7. contrary to 8. existing research 9. avoid 10. order 11. appetites 12. test the effect 13. social influence 14. researchers 15. conducted two experiments 16. undergraduate women 17. individually 18. invited 19. lab 20. participate in 21. movie viewership 22. film 23. asked 24. help herself to a snack 25. actor 26. hired 27. grabbed 28. in her natural state 29. weighed 105 pounds 30. in half the cases 31. a specially designed fat suit 32. increased 33. the fat and thin versions of the actor 34. took a large amount of food 35. participants 36. followed suit 37. normally 38. significantly 39. adjust the influence 40. an overweight person 41. a large portion 42. hold back a bit 43. results 44. keep slim 45. mainly 46. food safety 47. consumer demand 48. eating behavior 49. underlined word 50. refer to 51. big eaters 52. picky eaters 53. affect 54. recognize 55. find out 56. keep her weight down 57. basis 58. perceive 2020全国1卷山东D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? 12. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 2020全国1卷山东D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? 12. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。 【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。 【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。 【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。 【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。 全文翻译： 根据《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的体型和消费习惯可以影响我们的食物摄入量。与现有研究相反，现有研究表明你应该避免与点大份量的较重的人一起用餐，但实际上，你真正需要避免的是那些胃口大的瘦高个。 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。在第一个实验中，95名本科女生被单独邀请到实验室，表面上是参加一个关于电影观众的研究。在电影开始之前，每位女生被要求自取小吃。研究人员雇佣的一名演员先拿了她的食物。在她的自然状态下，该演员体重105磅。但在一半的情况下，她穿着特制的肥胖装，使她的体重增加到180磅。 无论是胖还是瘦的演员版本都拿了很多食物。参与者也效仿，拿的食物比他们通常的要多。然而，当演员瘦的时候，他们拿的食物明显更多。 在第二个测试中，在一个情况下，瘦演员从零食碗中拿了两块糖果。在另一个情况下，她拿了30块。结果与第一个测试相似：参与者效仿，但当瘦演员拿了30块糖果时，他们拿的糖果明显更多。 这些测试表明，当我们在做决定时，社会环境极具影响力。如果这位同伴要多吃，我也会。可以称之为“我要她所点的”效应。然而，我们会调整这种影响。如果一个超重的人点了大份量，我会稍微节制一些，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦人吃很多，我也会效仿。如果他能吃很多还保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 12. 最近的研究主要是关于什么？ A. 食品安全。 B. 电影观众。C. 消费者需求。 D. 饮食行为。 13. 第一段中划线的“beanpoles”一词指的是什么？ A. 大胃王。 B. 超重的人。C. 挑食的人。 D. 瘦高的人。 14. 研究人员为什么雇佣演员？ A. 看她如何影响参与者。B. 测试参与者是否能认出她。C. 找出她在两个测试中会做什么。D. 研究她如何保持体重下降。 15. 根据最后一段，我们“调整影响”的依据是什么？ A. 我们有多饿。 B. 我们想要多苗条。C. 我们如何看待他人。 D. 我们对食物的感觉。 2020全国2卷A 词汇背诵 1. viewing the quality 欣赏质量 2. temporary exhibitions 临时展览 3. forgiven 被原谅 4. gallery 画廊 5. impressive 令人印象深刻的 6. permanent collection 永久收藏 7. includes 包括 8. programme 计划/项目 9. artists 艺术家 10. discover 发现 11. inspirational 启发灵感的 12. visitors 参观者 13. works 作品 14. interactive fun 互动乐趣 15. attend a famous festival 参加一个著名的节日 16. history 历史 17. explore 探索 英语词汇及表达 1. 2. viewing the quality 3. temporary exhibitions 4. forgiven 5. gallery 6. impressive 7. permanent collection 8. includes 9. programme 10. artists 11. discover 12. inspirational 13. visitors 14. works 15. interactive fun 16. attend a famous festival 17. history 18. explore 2020全国2卷A The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open:29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs. Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop:10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct). House:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct) Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith Abbot Hall art Gallery & Museum Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30 -17.00 Sumner.10.30 -16.00 Winter. Town:Kendal Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone! Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 17.00, Sun 11.00 – 17.00. Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 16.30, Sun 12.00 – 16.30. Town: Carlisle Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year. Open: Daily, 09.30 – 17.30 (last admission 17.00). Town: Grasmere 21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July? A. 09.30-17.30. B. 10.30-16.00. C. 11.15-16.00. D. 12.00-16.30 22. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum? A. Enjoy Ronney’s works. B. Have some interactive fun. C. Attend a famous festival. D. Learn the history of a family 23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life? A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere. 2020全国2卷A The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open:29 Mar-29 Oct，Sun to Thurs. Tearoom，Gardens & Gift Shop:10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct). House:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct) Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith Abbot Hall art Gallery & Museum Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30 -17.00 Sumner.10.30 -16.00 Winter. Town:Kendal Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone! Open: High Season 1 Apr – 31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 17.00, Sun 11.00 – 17.00. Low Season 1 Nov – 31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00 – 16.30, Sun 12.00 – 16.30. Town: Carlisle Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year. Open: Daily, 09.30 – 17.30 (last admission 17.00). Town: Grasmere 21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July? A. 09.30-17.30. B. 10.30-16.00. C. 11.15-16.00. D. 12.00-16.30 22. What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum? A. Enjoy Ronney’s works. B. Have some interactive fun. C. Attend a famous festival. D. Learn the history of a family 23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life? A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere. 2020全国2卷A 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 【解析】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。 【21题详解】细节理解题。根据题干中的Dalemain Mansion& Historic Gardens 可知定位在第一部分，根据段中的House:11:15-16:00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11:15-16:00。C. 11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选C项。 【22题详解】细节理解题。根据题干中的Abbot Hall Art Gallery& Museum可知答案定位在第二部分，根据其中的The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.(令人印象深刻的永久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romneys的作品。A. Enjoy Romney's works.(欣赏Romneys的作品)符合以上说法，故选A项。 【23题详解】细节理解题。根据题干中的explore Wordsworth's life可知答案定位在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行Town: Grasmere可知，如果想了解Wordsworth's的生活，可以去Grasmere。D. Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选D项。 全文翻译： 湖区景点指南 Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens 历史、文化与景观。探索并享受四个世纪的历史、5英亩的著名获奖花园以及公园漫步。自1679年以来一直由Hasell家族所有，是国际柑橘酱节的举办地。提供礼品和古董、植物销售、博物馆和中世纪大厅茶室。 开放时间：3月29日至10月29日，周日到周四。 茶室、花园和礼品店：10:30-17:00（10月为16:00）。 房子：11:15-16:00（10月为15:00）。 城镇：Pooley Bridge & Penrith Abbot Hall艺术画廊&博物馆 那些观看Abbot Hall临时展览的质量的人可能会误以为他们身处城市画廊。令人印象深刻的永久收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼的作品，临时展览项目有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家。 开放时间：周一至周六以及夏季周日。夏季10:30-17:00，冬季10:30-16:00。 城镇：Kendal Tullie House博物馆&艺术画廊 探索、发现并享受获奖的Tullie House，历史收藏、当代艺术和家庭乐趣在这里的一个令人印象深刻的博物馆和艺术画廊中融为一体。有四个精彩的画廊可供参观，从美术到互动乐趣，所以每个人都能找到适合自己的项目！ 开放时间：旺季4月1日至10月31日：周一至周六10:00-17:00，周日11:00-17:00。 淡季11月1日至3月31日：周一至周六10:00-16:30，周日12:00-16:30。 城镇：Carlisle Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum 探索威廉·华兹华斯的灵感之家。参观他的湖区小屋，漫步他的山坡花园，探索博物馆中的丰富收藏。参观商店并在咖啡馆休息。全年有展览、活动和家庭活动。 开放时间：每天，09:30-17:30（最后入场17:00）。 城镇：Grasmere 21. 7月份的星期日，Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens的房子什么时候开放？ A. 09.30-17.30. B. 10.30-16.00. C. 11.15-16.00. D. 12.00-16.30 22. 参观者在Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum可以做什么？ A. 欣赏罗尼的作品。B. 享受互动乐趣。C. 参加著名的节日。D. 了解一个家族的历史。 23. 如果参观者想要探索华兹华斯的生活，他们应该去哪里？A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere. 2020全国2卷B 词汇背诵 1. high-tech toy 高科技玩具 2. child 孩子 3. researchers 研究人员 4. puzzles 拼图 5. math-related skills 与数学相关的技能 6. psychologist 心理学家 7. expert 专家 8. mathematics development 数学发展 9. children 儿童 10. later 后来 11. develop 发展 12. spatial skills 空间技能 13. significant predictor 重要预测因素 14. controlling 控制 15. differences 差异 16. income 收入 17. education 教育 18. the amount of parent talk 父母谈话的数量 19. tended to 倾向于 20. complex 复杂的 21. benefit from 从...中受益 22. building confidence 建立自信 23. self-control 自我控制 24. gaining high-tech knowledge 获得高科技知识 25. take into consideration 考虑 26. designing her experiment 设计她的实验 27. imagination 想象力 28. child-parent relationship 亲子关系 29. differ from 与...不同 30. more often 更频繁 31. during 在...期间 32. prefer to 宁愿 33. spatial language 空间语言 34. are likely to 可能会 35. tougher 更难的 36. mathematical method 数学方法 37. scientific study 科学研究 38. psychologist 心理学家 39. teaching program 教学项目 2020全国2卷B 英语词汇及表达 1. high-tech toy 2. child 3. researchers 4. puzzles 5. math-related skills 6. psychologist 7. expert 8. mathematics development 9. children 10. later 11. develop 12. spatial skills 13. significant predictor 14. controlling 15. differences 16. income 17. education 18. the amount of parent talk 19. tended to 20. complex 21. benefit from 22. building confidence 23. self-control 24. gaining high-tech knowledge 25. take into consideration 26. designing her experiment 27. imagination 28. child-parent relationship 29. differ from 30. more often 31. during 32. prefer to 33. spatial language 34. are likely to 35. tougher 36. mathematical method 37. scientific study 38. psychologist 39. teaching program 2020全国2卷B Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play? A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills. C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge. 25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？ A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination. C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship. 26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play? A. They play with puzzles more often. B. They tend to talk less during the game. C. They prefer to use more spatial language. D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles. 27. What is the text mainly about? A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study. C. A woman psychologist. D. A teaching program. 2020全国2卷B Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play? A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills. C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge. 25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？ A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination. C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship. 26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play? A. They play with puzzles more often. B. They tend to talk less during the game. C. They prefer to use more spatial language. D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles. 27. What is the text mainly about? A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study. C. A woman psychologist. D. A teaching program. 2020全国2卷B 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。 【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。 【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。 【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。 【27题详解】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。 全文翻译： 一些父母会购买任何他们认为能帮助孩子的高科技玩具，但研究人员表示，拼图有助于孩子们提高与数学相关的技能。 芝加哥大学的心理学家、幼儿数学发展专家苏珊·莱文发现，2到4岁之间玩拼图的孩子后来发展出更好的空间技能。莱文说，在控制了父母的收入、教育和与孩子交流量的差异之后，拼图游戏被发现是认知的一个重要预测因素。 研究人员分析了53对亲子在家庭日常活动中的视频记录，发现在26至46个月大时玩拼图的孩子，在54个月大时评估时拥有更好的空间技能。 莱文在一份声明中说：“玩拼图的孩子在评估他们旋转和平移形状能力的任务上，比不玩拼图的孩子表现得更好。” 父母被要求像平常一样与孩子互动，大约一半的孩子在研究中曾经玩过拼图。收入较高的父母倾向于让孩子更频繁地玩拼图，而且玩拼图的男孩和女孩的空间技能都更好。然而，男孩比女孩更倾向于玩更复杂的拼图，而且男孩的父母在玩拼图时提供了更多的空间语言，比女孩的父母更活跃。 这些发现发表在《发展科学》杂志上。 24. 孩子们从玩拼图中受益的方面是什么？ A. 建立自信。 B. 发展空间技能。C. 学习自我控制。 D. 获得高科技知识。 25. 莱文在设计她的实验时考虑了什么因素？ A. 父母的年龄。 B. 孩子的想象力。C. 父母的教育。 D. 亲子关系。 26. 男孩和女孩在玩拼图方面有什么不同？ A. 他们玩拼图更频繁。B. 他们在游戏中说话较少。C. 他们更喜欢使用更多的空间语言。D. 他们可能会玩更难的拼图。 27. 这篇文章主要关于什么？ A. 一种数学方法。 B. 一项科学研究。C. 一位女性心理学家。 D. 一个教学项目。 2020全国2卷C 词汇背诵 1. figure out 弄清楚 2. environmentalist 环保人士 3. fur 皮草 4. cross your mind 出现在你的脑海中 5. enthusiasts 爱好者 6. bring back the market 恢复市场 7. made from 由...制成 8. unusual fashion shows 不寻常的时装秀 9. showcased 展示 10. in different styles 不同的风格 11. sounds crazy 听起来很疯狂 12. guilt-free 无罪恶感的 13. unless 除非你明白 14. destroying vast wetlands 破坏大片湿地 15. project director 项目总监 16. scientists 科学家 17. concerned 关注 18. decided to 决定 19. pay hunters $5 支付猎人5美元 20. tail 尾巴 21. trade 贸易 22. kept nutria check 控制海狸鼠数量 23. for decades 几十年来 24. market 市场 25. in the late 1980s 在20世纪80年代末 26. cat-sized animals 猫大小的动物 27. multiplied 繁殖激增 28. option 选择 29. throwing paint 扔油漆 30. massive 巨大的 31. purpose 目的 32. promote 推广 33. expand 扩大 34. introduce a new brand 引入一个新品牌 35. celebrate 庆祝 36. damage the ecosystem seriously 严重破坏生态系统 37. endangered species 濒危物种 38. hurt 伤害 39. local 当地的 40. illegally hunted 非法狩猎 41. underlined word 划线词语 42. boomed 繁荣 43. mature 成熟 44. remained stable 保持稳定 45. crashed 崩溃 46. infer about 推断 47. formal 正式的 48. risky 有风险的 49. harmful 有害的 50. traditional 传统的 2020全国2卷C 英语词汇及表达 1. figure out 2. environmentalist 3. fur 4. cross your mind 5. enthusiasts 6. bring back the market 7. made from 8. unusual fashion shows 9. showcased 10. in different styles 11. sounds crazy 12. guilt-free 13. unless 14. destroying vast wetlands 15. project director 16. scientists 17. concerned 18. decided to 19. pay hunters $5 20. tail 21. trade 22. kept nutria check 23. for decades 24. market 25. in the late 1980s 26. cat-sized animals 27. multiplied 28. option 29. throwing paint 30. massive 31. purpose 32. promote 33. expand 34. introduce a new brand 35. celebrate 36. damage the ecosystem seriously 37. endangered species 38. hurt 39. local 40. illegally hunted 41. underlined word 42. boomed 43. mature 44. remained stable 45. crashed 46. infer about 47. formal 48. risky 49. harmful 50. traditional 2020全国2卷C When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur- unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market. C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday. 29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria? A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B. Nutria are an endangered species. C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted. 30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed. 31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional. 2020全国2卷C When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur- unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market. C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday. 29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria? A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B. Nutria are an endangered species. C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted. 30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed. 31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional. 2020全国2卷C 【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。 【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。 【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。 【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。 【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。 全文翻译： 当你在考虑为你的假期清单上的环保人士买什么礼物时，皮草可能没有出现在你的脑海中。但是一些生态学家和时尚爱好者正试图恢复由海狸鼠皮制成的皮草市场。 在新奥尔良和布鲁克林的不寻常时装秀上，展示了制成不同风格的海狸鼠皮草服装。“谈论无罪恶感的皮草听起来很疯狂——除非你明白海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片湿地，”Righteous Fur项目总监Cree McCree说。 路易斯安那州的科学家非常担忧，他们决定向猎人支付每条尾巴5美元。一些皮草最终出现在像上个月在布鲁克林的时装秀上。 海狸鼠是由皮草农场主从阿根廷带到那里并释放到野外的。“那里的生态系统无法处理这种非本地物种。它正在破坏环境。要么是它们，要么是我们。”该领域的专家Michael Massimi说。 皮草贸易在几十年内控制了海狸鼠的数量，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量激增。 生物学家Edmond Mouton负责路易斯安那州的海狸鼠控制项目。他说，让人们相信海狸鼠皮草是环保的并不容易，但他对此深信不疑。每年猎人带回超过30万条海狸鼠尾巴，所以Mouton现在的部分工作是试图推广皮草。 然后就是Righteous Fur及其不寻常的时尚。Morgan说：“给人们一个他们可以穿而不会有人向他们扔油漆的无罪恶感选择——我认为这将是一个大事，至少在纽约是这样。”设计师Jennifer Anderson承认，她花了一段时间才接受使用海狸鼠皮草为她的作品是道德上可以接受的观点。她正试图想出一个标签，附加在海狸鼠时尚上，以显示它是环保的。 28. 新奥尔良和布鲁克林时装秀的目的是什么？ A. 推广无罪恶感的皮草。 B. 扩大时尚市场。 C. 介绍一个新品牌。 D. 庆祝一个冬季假期。 29. 科学家为什么对海狸鼠感到担忧？ A. 海狸鼠严重破坏生态系统。 B. 海狸鼠是濒危物种。 C. 海狸鼠伤害当地的猫大小动物。 D. 海狸鼠被非法狩猎。 30. 第五段中划线的“collapsed”一词可能是什么意思？A. 繁荣。 B. 成熟。 C. 保持稳定。 D. 崩溃。 31. 根据Morgan的说法，我们可以推断在纽约穿皮草是什么情况？ A. 它是正式的。 B. 它是有风险的。 C. 它是有害的。 D. 它是传统的。 2020全国2卷D 词汇背诵 1. special 特别的 2. heart 心 3. as long as 只要 4. enthusiastic reader 热情的读者 5. up to three books 多达三本书 6. child 儿童 7. lived out adventures 体验冒险 8. checked out 借出 9. took on a new place 占据了新的位置 10. several 几个 11. main 主要的 12. entertainment 娱乐 13. a big deal 一件大事 14. load up 装载 15. local 当地的 16. pick out books 挑选书籍 17. excitement 兴奋 18. lives on 持续 19. from generation to generation 代代相传 20. novelist 小说家 21. relationship 关系 22. encourage 鼓励 23. can’t afford to 买不起 24. purchase 购买 25. safe 安全的 26. fight 打击 27. writers 作家 28. support 支持 29. in a significant way 以显著的方式 30. describes 描述 31. author’s 作者的 32. cooperative 合作的 33. uneasy 不安的 34. inseparable 分不开的 35. casual 随意的 36. underlined phrase 划线短语 37. refer to 指的是 38. pleasure 乐趣 39. joy 快乐 40. passed on 传递 41. wonderment 惊奇 42. acting out 演绎 43. a closer bond 更紧密的联系 44. developed 发展 45. call on 呼吁 46. sponsor book fairs 赞助书展 47. social media 社交媒体 48. novels 小说 49. suitable title 合适的标题 2020全国2卷D 英语词汇及表达 1. special 2. heart 3. as long as 4. enthusiastic reader 5. up to three books 6. child 7. lived out adventures 8. checked out 9. took on a new place 10. several 11. main 12. entertainment 13. a big deal 14. load up 15. local 16. pick out books 17. excitement 18. lives on 19. form generation to generation 20. novelist 21. relationship 22. encourage 23. can’t afford to 24. purchase 25. safe 26. fight 27. writers 28. support 29. in a significant way 30. describes 31. author’s 32. cooperative 33. uneasy 34. inseparable 35. casual 36. underlined phrase 37. refer to 38. pleasure 39. joy 40. passed on 41. wonderment 42. acting out 43. a closer bond 44. developed 45. call on 46. sponsor book fairs 47. social media 48. novels 2020全国2卷D I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books . Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation. As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child? A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual. 33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Pleasure from working in the library. B. Joy of reading passed on in the family. C. Wonderment from acting out the stories. D. A closer bond developed with the readers. 34. What does the author call on other writers to do? A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media. C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels. 35. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge B. My Idea about writing C. Library: A Haven for the Young D. My Love of the Library 2020全国2卷D I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. I always read ,using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books . Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation. As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child? A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual. 33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Pleasure from working in the library. B. Joy of reading passed on in the family. C. Wonderment from acting out the stories. D. A closer bond developed with the readers. 34. What does the author call on other writers to do? A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media. C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels. 35. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge B. My Idea about writing C. Library: A Haven for the Young D. My Love of the Library 2020全国2卷D 【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。 【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。 【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids cou$$