焦点 05 阅读理解之记叙文-备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训（江苏常州）

焦点05 阅读理解之记叙文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【基础题】 A “I have exciting news,” Miss Mitchell told her students one day. “We are all going to be in a movie!” She explained that a camera man was coming to their school the next day to film them. The next day, Olivia wore her most beautiful dress and put on some make-up (化妆品). “Why Olivia,” Miss Mitchell said. “You have taken a lot of care with your appearance!” “I want to look my best,” Olivia said. But Penny wore her normal school clothes. When the camera man arrived, he was very friendly. “Just ignore me,” he said. “Do what you usually do, and pretend (假装) I am not here.” Penny did as she was asked. But Olivia walked across the room several times. Each time she smiled at the camera. By lunchtime, Penny was so hungry that she ate a lot. But Olivia almost ate nothing. “I wouldn’t want to be caught on camera eating like a cow!” she said. At break, Penny didn’t care about the camera at all. She played games with other kids, while Olivia kept posing (摆好姿势) for the camera. “Thank you,” the cameraman said right before the final bell rang. “You have all given me a lot to use for my film.” “When will we see the film?” Olivia asked. “This film will not be in movie theaters,” the cameraman said. “This film will only be shown to college students who want to enter the teaching field. It is to show them what they can expect when they are teachers.” Olivia’s face fell. “I misunderstood my role. I’m afraid I didn’t show the student teachers what to expect at all!” “I think you showed them exactly what they can expect!” Miss Mitchell said, smiling. 1．What does the underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．支配 B．怀疑 C．忽视 D．说服 2．What happened on the day the cameraman came to school? A．Penny ate a lot for lunch. B．Penny wore a beautiful dress. C．Olivia wore her normal school clothes. D．Olivia played games with her classmates at break. 3．Who will see the film? A．Parents. B．Future teachers. C．Kids in other schools. D．Teachers in other schools. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The film B．Two friends C．A good teacher D．The cameraman 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【难度】0.85 【知识点】哲理感悟、记叙文、叙事忆旧 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了摄影师来学校进行拍摄时，Penny和Olivia两个人的不同表现。告诉我们真实的样子是最美的。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Do what you usually do, and pretend I am not here.”可知，摄影师要求他们忽略自己的存在。划线单词的意思是“忽视”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“By lunchtime, Penny was so hungry that she ate a lot.”可知，摄影师来学校的那一天，Penny午餐吃了很多。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“This film will only be shown to college students who want to enter the teaching field.”可知，未来的教师将会看到这部电影。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文是围绕摄影师来学校进行影视拍摄展开的。选项A“影片”最适合当标题。故选A。 B At the age of 16, an American boy named Boyan Slat went on vacation in England. There, he saw more plastic bags than fish in the water. He almost couldn’t believe it. Three years later, Slat decided to set up the program The Ocean Cleanup in America to clean up ocean rubbish. Now the 25-year-old man is successful in setting up the world’s first ocean cleanup system with his team. Every year, over 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, and it can take up to 500 years to break down. Sea animals easily get stuck in plastic. They can even die if they eat it. ________ His plan was to make an environmentally-friendly large system to remove plastic rubbish from the ocean. They went through a lot of tests, hundreds of models and many unsuccessful tries. Seven years later, a machine called System 001/B came out. It successfully collected much plastic rubbish on the water. Slat and his team are working to improve System 001/B．Their dream is to remove 90 percent of all ocean plastic by 2040. 1．How did Slat feel about the plastic bags on his vacation in England? A．Relaxed. B．Excited. C．Interested. D．Surprised. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Slat went on vacation in America at the age of 16. B．Slat set up the program The Ocean Rubbish in England. C．It takes a long time for plastics in our oceans to break down. D．A machine called System 001/B couldn’t collect plastic rubbish. 3．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “__________” in Para. 3. A．There are many useful machines in the world. B．People throw a lot of rubbish into the sea every day. C．Slat wanted to do something for these poor animals. D．Plastic rubbish is bad for both animals and humans. 4．How many years did Slat and his team spend working out System 001/B? A．3 years. B．7 years. C．9 years. D．12 years. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】环境保护、记叙文 【导语】本文主要讲了Boyan Slat为减少海洋中的塑料垃圾设计了世界上第一个海洋清理系统。 1．细节理解题。根据“There, he saw more plastic bags than fish in the water. He almost couldn’t believe it.”可知，Slat对他在英国度假时看到的塑料袋感到很吃惊。故选D。 2．细节理解题，根据“Every year, over 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, and it can take up to 500 years to breakdown.”可知，海洋中的塑料需要很长时间才能分解。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“His plan was to make an environmentally-friendly large system to remove plastic rubbish from the ocean.”可知，Slat计划制造一个环保的大型系统来清除海洋中的塑料垃圾，Slat的计划有助于保护海洋生物。故可推知，选项C“Slat想为这些可怜的动物做点什么。”适合放在第三段空处。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Seven years later, a machine called System 001/B came out.”可知，Slat设计系统001/B用了七年的时间。故选B。 C John James Audubon was an American bird expert and wildlife painter. He was born in 1785 in Saint-Domingue in the Caribbean. He was brought up in France, but at the age of 18, his father sent him to live in the US. Audubon had always had a fascination for wildlife and, especially, birdlife. He spent much of his time outdoors, studying and drawing nature. One of the things he had been wondering about was whether the same birds returned each year to his farm after disappearing for the winter months. One day, while he was drawing, he had an idea to test his thought. He caught a few birds and tied some cotton around their legs. The next year when he saw a bird with the cotton around the leg return, he knew his ideas were correct. He was one of the first people to start to understand bird migration（迁徙）and make bird watching popular. As well as his important studies into bird life, Audubon was an amazing artist. He wrote The Birds of America in the US. It is considered to be one of the best bird books ever since. These days it’s also one of the most expensive: an early copy was recently sold for $7 million. He also found 25 new kinds of birds and is regarded as a true hero of early American birdlife protection. 1．What does the underlined word “fascination” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Farm. B．Love. C．Mystery. D．Test. 2．In what order did the following happen? a. Audubon tied cotton around birds’ legs. b. Audubon was born in Saint-Domingue. c. Audubon saw a bird with the cotton around the leg return. d. Audubon wondered whether the same birds returned each year to his farm. A．d-b-c-a B．b-a-d-c C．b-d-a-c D．c-b-a-d 3．What do you know about the book The Birds of America? A．It first came out in 1785. B．It was sold for $7 thousand recently. C．It was written by Audubon in France. D．It is one of the best bird books ever since. 4．What kind of person is Audubon? A．A humorous writer. B．A talented artist. C．A brave farmer. D．A popular teacher. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【难度】0.85 【知识点】记叙文、艺术家 【导语】本文讲述了约翰·詹姆斯·奥杜邦对鸟类的研究。 1．词句猜测题。根据“He spent much of his time outdoors, studying and drawing nature.”可知，他对鸟类有着浓厚的兴趣，因此fascination应该是“热爱”的意思。故选B。 2．细节理解题。阅读文章以下事件发生的顺序是：奥杜邦出生于圣多明各，奥杜邦想知道是否每年都有相同的鸟回到他的农场，奥杜邦在鸟的腿上系了棉布，奥杜邦看到一只腿上缠着棉布的鸟回来了。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“It is considered to be one of the best bird books ever since.”可知，这本书被认为是有史以来最好的鸟类书籍之一。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“As well as his important studies into bird life, Audubon was an amazing artist.”可知，奥杜邦是 一位才华横溢的艺术家。故选B。 【提升题】 A Luckily, the horses began to treat me kindly. They taught me their language. I soon learned enough words to communicate quite well. Many Houyhnhnms visited me. They all felt confused (困惑的) by my similarity (相似) to the Yahoos. But I tried to show how different I was from these disgusting creatures (恶心的生物). The first grey horse I saw became my master and teacher. He wanted to learn about my life in England. “Are there any Houyhnhnms in England?” he asked. “Yes, there are lots and we call them horses,” I explained. “What do horses do in your country?” my master asked. “We use them,” I said and I felt embarrassed (尴尬的). But he wanted to know more about my country and Europe. So I told him. “In my country,” I told him, “there are kings and politicians (政客). Sometimes they organize wars to have more land and money, the most important things for Yahoos.” “What happens in a war?” my master asked. I then explained how millions of Yahoos were killed in wars. My master was shocked. “How terrible!” My master exclaimed (呼喊). My master could not understand the behavior of Yahoos because Houyhnhnms never want to hurt each other. I told him that it was very difficult to get so much money. As a result, most of the population lived in poverty (贫穷) while only a few people had lots of money. After living with the Houyhnhnms for some time, I felt I wanted to live in Houyhnhnm Land for the rest of my life. It was such a pleasant place. I respected these Houyhnhnms. They were noble (高尚的) creatures who only spoke the truth. It is interesting that there is not even a word for “lie” in their language. Over time I even began to imitate (模仿) the appearance of the Houyhnhnms and made myself shoes like theirs. I made them from wood. Adapted from Gulliver’s Travels 1．What are the Houyhnhnms in England? A．Cows. B．Dogs. C．Yahoos. D．Horses. 2．How does the Houyhnhnm feel about the war? A．Exciting. B．Terrible. C．Interesting. D．Amazing. 3．What can we learn about the Yahoos? A．Most of the Yahoos live a poor life. B．The Yahoos never hurt each other. C．The Yahoos are clever creatures. D．The Yahoos dislike money and power. 4．What does the underlined (划线的) sentence mean in the passage? A．The Houyhnhnms are friendly and get on well with each other. B．The Houyhnhnms never use language to communicate with each other. C．The Houyhnhnms always tell the truth when communicating with each other. D．The Houyhnhnms often lie when they communicate with each other. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】记叙文、叙事忆旧 【导语】本文讲述了主人公在与Houyhnhnms相处的过程中，对当地文化和价值观有了深刻的理解和感悟。 1．细节理解题。根据“‘Are there any Houyhnhnms in England?’ he asked. ‘Yes, there are lots and we call them horses,’ I explained.”可知说明在英格兰，Houyhnhnms被称为“horses”，即马。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“My master was shocked. ‘How terrible!’ My master exclaimed.”可知，Houyhnhnm觉得战争是可怕的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“As a result, most of the population lived in poverty while only a few people had lots of money.”可知，大部分Yahoos过着贫穷的生活。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据“They were noble creatures who only spoke the truth. It is interesting that there is not even a word for ‘lie’ in their language.”可知，Houyhnhnms都是高尚的生物，总是讲述真相。故选C。 B A Bright Idea Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa. He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp (煤油灯). Evans’ eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village. Many children left school for this reason. so they remained poor for the rest of their lives. Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university. He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp. By this time, he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren but for the whole family. First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people’s eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food. It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment. Yet Evans did not give up. One day, he had an idea. He could use a small solar (太阳能的) light. Sunlight is free and solar power is good for the environment. Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked. He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families. An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps. Each lamp only cost $20. However, this was a lot of money to many villagers who only earned around $34 a week, so Evans made sure he kept the cost down. First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, volunteers built the lamps. Finally, people from many countries gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free. Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, “Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.”The solar lamps made a big difference. 1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Doing homework. B．Having eye problems. C．Having a bright idea. 2．How many problems about kerosene lamps are mentioned according to Paragraph 2? A．4. B．5. C．6. 3．Why does the writer give Julia’s example in Paragraph 5? A．To share Julia’s experience. B．To show Evans’ influence. C．To describe Evans’ feelings. 4．What is Evans like according to the passage? A．Quiet, smart and honest. B．Polite, talented and humorous. C．Hard-working, loving and creative. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【难度】0.65 【知识点】其他著名人物、记叙文 【导语】本文主要讲述了Evans发明并制作太阳能灯的过程。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Evans’ eyes hurt and this made studying difficult.”可知，Evans的眼睛疼，这使学习很困难。因此this指代“眼睛疼”这件事。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people’s eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food.”可知，首先，它会导致咳嗽等疾病。此外，光线会伤害人们的眼睛。此外，它还可能导致火灾。最后，煤油很贵，所以家庭买食物的钱更少。因此，文章一共提到使用煤油灯的4个问题。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, ‘Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.’ The solar lamps made a big difference.”可知，成千上万的人有安全的照明。因此举Julia的例子是为了说明Evans的发明创造给人们带来的影响。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读本文可知，Evans在艰苦的学习环境下还上了大学，说明他非常勤奋，他为了解决使用煤油灯带来的一系列问题，发明创造了太阳能灯，说明他富有创造性，他想方设法降低太阳能灯的制作成本，让穷人也能用得上太阳能灯，说明他富有爱心。故选C。 C It was a hot summer day. I was a young dad working in a local lumber mill (伐木场). It was dangerous, back-breaking work that paid very little. Only four other people didn’t give up. Those of us who stayed did so only because there was no other work to find to support our families. On this day when I looked around, every face I saw looked upset and tired. Suddenly, a voice called out, “Hey! There’s a deer (鹿) in here.” All of us stopped working and went looking for the lost little deer as she ran about madly looking for a way out. Most people here hunt (打猎) deer for meat in the fall but also treat them with great kindness the rest of the year. Many will even buy bags of corn to help feed them during the winter months. So it was no surprise that all of us were soon quickly working together to guide the little deer back into the woods. Then we walked back to work. I noticed something, though. On every face there was a joyful smile. It was as if this one single act of kindness had energized (使……有活力) us again and reminded us of what life is all about. Doing acts of kindness shows us the power that we have—over ourselves, our choices, and over whether this world is a cruel or beautiful place to live. Fill your day with acts of kindness. Let them warm your heart. Let them light up your life. Let them lead you to love. From sharing a smile to saving a lost little deer, kindness can become a way of life for us all. 1．How many people stayed to work in the local lumber mill? A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven. 2．When did the workers become happy? A．After they fed a lost deer. B．After they caught a deer for eating. C．After they got bags of corn for a deer. D．After they helped a lost deer get home. 3．What did the writer want to tell us through the passage? A．Keeping smiling can help us out. B．It is important to protect animals. C．It is never enough to do acts of kindness. D．Working together is better than working alone. 4．How is the last paragraph different from the rest of the story? A．It teaches a lesson. B．It describes a result. C．It gives some examples. D．It uses some imagination. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【难度】0.65 【知识点】哲理感悟、记叙文 【导语】本文讲述了一位年轻父亲在一个炎热的夏日，在当地的伐木场工作时，与同事们一起帮助一只迷路的小鹿回到森林的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“I was a young dad working in a local lumber mill (伐木场). It was dangerous, back-breaking work that paid very little. Only four other people didn’t give up.”可知，一共五个人留下来继续工作。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“So it was no surprise that all of us were soon quickly working together to guide the little deer back into the woods. Then we walked back to work. I noticed something, though. On every face there was a joyful smile.”可知，工人在帮助迷路的小鹿回家的时候变得开心了。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Doing acts of kindness shows us the power that we have…Let them light up your life. Let them lead you to love.”可知，作者想通过这篇文章告诉我们，做好事的重要性，即善良的行为永远不嫌多。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“From sharing a smile to saving a lost little deer, kindness can become a way of life for us all.”可知，最后一段和其他段落不同之处在于它教给了我们一个道理。故选A。 【拔高题】 A That year, in a primary school, there was a new math teacher and some new pupils. One of the new kids was the stupidest child. It made no difference however quickly or however slowly others tried explaining numbers to him. He would always end up saying something very stupid. For example, two and two was five. Before this boy joined the class, math lessons had been the most boring of all. Now they were great fun. That was because of the special boy. Encouraged by the math teacher, other children could listen to the new kid giving wrong answers in class, and they would have to make his answers right. Other students all wanted to be the first to find the kid’s mistakes and then think about the most creative ways to explain them to him. To do this, they used all kinds of tools: candies, playing cards, oranges, paper planes, and so on. It seemed like what other students did to the new kid didn’t bring him any trouble. However, a kind boy Lewis was sure that it must make him feel sad inside. So, one day, he decided to follow him home after school. Lewis was sure he would see him crying. After leaving school, the new kid walked to a park, and there he met someone. It was the new math teacher! The teacher gave him a hug and then they went hand in hand. Following them, Lewis could hear they were talking about math. Actually, that stupid new kid knew everything about math, much more than anyone in the class! 1．What kind of person was the math teacher in the passage? A．Strict. B．Smart. C．Boring. 2．How did the math teacher make his classes interesting? A．He made students active in class by asking them to help the new kid. B．He provided all kinds of useful and interesting tools for his students to learn math. C．He let the new kid think about the most creative ways to explain math questions. 3．Why did Lewis follow the new kid home after school? A．Because he wanted to know whether the teacher was crying. B．Because he wanted to know who the new kid met in the park. C．Because he wanted to make sure whether his thought was right. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Children help the stupidest kid learn math. B．A “stupid” kid makes math classes become interesting. C．A math teacher thinks about many ways to let his classes fun. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】记叙文、叙事忆旧 【导语】本文通过一个看似愚笨的孩子对数学问题总是给出错误答案，激励其他学生积极参与课堂纠错，从而增加课堂趣味性，并揭示了孩子其实很聪明的真实情况。 1．推理判断题。从故事中可以看出，这位数学老师非常聪明地利用了新学生的存在来激发班级的兴趣和积极性。他鼓励其他学生帮助新同学理解数学，实际上是在促进整个班级的学习氛围，并巧妙地隐藏了一个事实——这个新学生对数学的理解远超同龄人，可以看出这个数学老师很聪明。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Encouraged by the math teacher, other children could listen to the new kid giving wrong answers in class, and they would have to make his answers right.”可知，数学老师让学生们在课堂上活跃起来，来帮助那个新生。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, a kind boy Lewis was sure that it must make him feel sad inside. So, one day, he decided to follow him home after school.”可知，Lewis课后跟着小男孩，是为了确认小男孩是否伤心。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，这位数学老师非常聪明地利用了新学生的存在来激发班级的兴趣和积极性。故选B。 B An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old son. Suddenly a crow (乌鸦) landed on their window. The father asked his son, “What is that?” The son replied, “That is a crow.” After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, “What is this?” The son said, “Father, I told you just now. It’s a crow.” After a little while, the father asked his son the same question for the third time, “What is this?” This time, the son said to his father in a low and cold tone, “It’s a crow, a crow.” After a moment, the father yet again asked his son for the fourth time, “What is this?” This time his son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? I have told you already, ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?” A minute later the father went to his room and came back with a diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa when a crow suddenly landed on the window edge. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied him 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I didn’t at all feel angry, but instead felt affection for my son. If your parents reach old age, do not look at them as a burden, but speak to them gently, and be kind to them. From today say this aloud, “I want to see my parents happy forever. They have cared for me ever since I was a little child. They have always showered me with love. I will take care of my old parents in the best way no matter how they behave.” 1．The writer mainly wants to ________. A．tell us the function (功能) of a diary B．call on us to love our parents C．teach us what a crow is D．introduce a pair of son and father 2．The underlined word “affection” probably means ________. A．stress B．anger C．worry D．love 3．We can infer that the father wrote that piece of diary at the age of ________. A．eighty B．three C．thirty-eight D．forty-five 4．The old man brought out the diary, which he had kept since his son was born, because ________. A．he forgot what had happened B．he would like his son to read it C．it could remind himself of the past D．he wanted to find what a crow was 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【难度】0.4 【知识点】家人和亲人、记叙文 【导语】本文通过一位父亲在38岁所写的日记来呼吁我们要善待自己的父母。 1．细节理解题。根据“If your parents reach old age, do not look at them as a burden, but speak to them gently, and be kind to them.”以及通读全文可知，作者主要是呼吁我们要善待父母。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I didn’t at all feel angry, but instead felt affection for my son.”可知，父亲在回答儿子重复多遍的问题的时候，不生气反而每次都充满爱地拥抱他的儿子，所以“affection”应该是指对儿子深厚的爱。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old son.”及“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa”可知，父亲现年80岁，父亲在儿子3岁时写下日记，因此该日记应是在父亲38岁时写的。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page.”可知，父亲拿出日记是想让儿子去读从而理解他的用意。故选B。 C Charles Darwin (1809–1882) was an English natural scientist who laid down a framework for the theory of evolution—showing how man evolved from lower life forms. Early years Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.The Beagle In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先). Down House At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 1．What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine? A．He did not like to see blood. B．He could not be a good doctor. C．He was pushed to give up by his family. D．He was advised to study natural science. 2．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? A．It helped him to finish his study at the university. B．It allowed him to change his mind about his future. C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life. D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 3．In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life?   a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He thought the public would not support his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world. f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b 4．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To introduce Darwin’s famous book. B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C．To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas. D．To show Darwin’s influence on natural science. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【难度】0.4 【知识点】记叙文、科学家 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了查尔斯·达尔文的生平事迹，包括他的早年经历、学术兴趣、科学探索以及他对进化论的贡献等。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor.”可知，Darwin不喜欢看到血，很快就意识到自己不能当医生，因此放弃了医学研究。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor.”可知，达尔文在“小猎犬号”船上的旅行，让他开始创造他有名的理论，他认为所有的生物都有一个共同的祖先，所以“小猎犬号”的旅行给了他关于人类生命起源的想法。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals.”可知，他对学习自然世界感兴趣，c“他对研究自然世界产生了兴趣。”排第一；根据第二段“one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.”可知，他得到帮助可以去环球航行，e“他在别人的帮助下获得了环游世界的机会。”排第二；根据第三段“he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited.”可知，他在岛上研究植物和动物，f“他研究了他所参观的岛屿上的动植物。”排第三；根据第三段“When he finally arrived back in Britain,”可知，他回到了英国，a“他于1836年回到了英国。”排第四；根据第四段“he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry.”可知，他认为大众会反对他关于猴子是人类祖先的观点，b“他认为公众不会支持他的想法。”排第五；根据第四段“Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species.”可知，他出版了《物种起源》，d“他出版了他的名著《物种起源》。”排第六，因此正确的顺序是c→e→f→a→b→d。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world”可知，达尔文日是为了鼓励更多的人研究自然科学；据此可以推断，作者写最后一段为了展示达尔文对自然科学的影响。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 焦点05 阅读理解之记叙文 备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训 【基础题】 A “I have exciting news,” Miss Mitchell told her students one day. “We are all going to be in a movie!” She explained that a camera man was coming to their school the next day to film them. The next day, Olivia wore her most beautiful dress and put on some make-up (化妆品). “Why Olivia,” Miss Mitchell said. “You have taken a lot of care with your appearance!” “I want to look my best,” Olivia said. But Penny wore her normal school clothes. When the camera man arrived, he was very friendly. “Just ignore me,” he said. “Do what you usually do, and pretend (假装) I am not here.” Penny did as she was asked. But Olivia walked across the room several times. Each time she smiled at the camera. By lunchtime, Penny was so hungry that she ate a lot. But Olivia almost ate nothing. “I wouldn’t want to be caught on camera eating like a cow!” she said. At break, Penny didn’t care about the camera at all. She played games with other kids, while Olivia kept posing (摆好姿势) for the camera. “Thank you,” the cameraman said right before the final bell rang. “You have all given me a lot to use for my film.” “When will we see the film?” Olivia asked. “This film will not be in movie theaters,” the cameraman said. “This film will only be shown to college students who want to enter the teaching field. It is to show them what they can expect when they are teachers.” Olivia’s face fell. “I misunderstood my role. I’m afraid I didn’t show the student teachers what to expect at all!” “I think you showed them exactly what they can expect!” Miss Mitchell said, smiling. 1．What does the underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．支配 B．怀疑 C．忽视 D．说服 2．What happened on the day the cameraman came to school? A．Penny ate a lot for lunch. B．Penny wore a beautiful dress. C．Olivia wore her normal school clothes. D．Olivia played games with her classmates at break. 3．Who will see the film? A．Parents. B．Future teachers. C．Kids in other schools. D．Teachers in other schools. 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．The film B．Two friends C．A good teacher D．The cameraman B At the age of 16, an American boy named Boyan Slat went on vacation in England. There, he saw more plastic bags than fish in the water. He almost couldn’t believe it. Three years later, Slat decided to set up the program The Ocean Cleanup in America to clean up ocean rubbish. Now the 25-year-old man is successful in setting up the world’s first ocean cleanup system with his team. Every year, over 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, and it can take up to 500 years to break down. Sea animals easily get stuck in plastic. They can even die if they eat it. ________ His plan was to make an environmentally-friendly large system to remove plastic rubbish from the ocean. They went through a lot of tests, hundreds of models and many unsuccessful tries. Seven years later, a machine called System 001/B came out. It successfully collected much plastic rubbish on the water. Slat and his team are working to improve System 001/B．Their dream is to remove 90 percent of all ocean plastic by 2040. 1．How did Slat feel about the plastic bags on his vacation in England? A．Relaxed. B．Excited. C．Interested. D．Surprised. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Slat went on vacation in America at the age of 16. B．Slat set up the program The Ocean Rubbish in England. C．It takes a long time for plastics in our oceans to break down. D．A machine called System 001/B couldn’t collect plastic rubbish. 3．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “__________” in Para. 3. A．There are many useful machines in the world. B．People throw a lot of rubbish into the sea every day. C．Slat wanted to do something for these poor animals. D．Plastic rubbish is bad for both animals and humans. 4．How many years did Slat and his team spend working out System 001/B? A．3 years. B．7 years. C．9 years. D．12 years. C John James Audubon was an American bird expert and wildlife painter. He was born in 1785 in Saint-Domingue in the Caribbean. He was brought up in France, but at the age of 18, his father sent him to live in the US. Audubon had always had a fascination for wildlife and, especially, birdlife. He spent much of his time outdoors, studying and drawing nature. One of the things he had been wondering about was whether the same birds returned each year to his farm after disappearing for the winter months. One day, while he was drawing, he had an idea to test his thought. He caught a few birds and tied some cotton around their legs. The next year when he saw a bird with the cotton around the leg return, he knew his ideas were correct. He was one of the first people to start to understand bird migration（迁徙）and make bird watching popular. As well as his important studies into bird life, Audubon was an amazing artist. He wrote The Birds of America in the US. It is considered to be one of the best bird books ever since. These days it’s also one of the most expensive: an early copy was recently sold for $7 million. He also found 25 new kinds of birds and is regarded as a true hero of early American birdlife protection. 1．What does the underlined word “fascination” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Farm. B．Love. C．Mystery. D．Test. 2．In what order did the following happen? a. Audubon tied cotton around birds’ legs. b. Audubon was born in Saint-Domingue. c. Audubon saw a bird with the cotton around the leg return. d. Audubon wondered whether the same birds returned each year to his farm. A．d-b-c-a B．b-a-d-c C．b-d-a-c D．c-b-a-d 3．What do you know about the book The Birds of America? A．It first came out in 1785. B．It was sold for $7 thousand recently. C．It was written by Audubon in France. D．It is one of the best bird books ever since. 4．What kind of person is Audubon? A．A humorous writer. B．A talented artist. C．A brave farmer. D．A popular teacher. 【提升题】 A Luckily, the horses began to treat me kindly. They taught me their language. I soon learned enough words to communicate quite well. Many Houyhnhnms visited me. They all felt confused (困惑的) by my similarity (相似) to the Yahoos. But I tried to show how different I was from these disgusting creatures (恶心的生物). The first grey horse I saw became my master and teacher. He wanted to learn about my life in England. “Are there any Houyhnhnms in England?” he asked. “Yes, there are lots and we call them horses,” I explained. “What do horses do in your country?” my master asked. “We use them,” I said and I felt embarrassed (尴尬的). But he wanted to know more about my country and Europe. So I told him. “In my country,” I told him, “there are kings and politicians (政客). Sometimes they organize wars to have more land and money, the most important things for Yahoos.” “What happens in a war?” my master asked. I then explained how millions of Yahoos were killed in wars. My master was shocked. “How terrible!” My master exclaimed (呼喊). My master could not understand the behavior of Yahoos because Houyhnhnms never want to hurt each other. I told him that it was very difficult to get so much money. As a result, most of the population lived in poverty (贫穷) while only a few people had lots of money. After living with the Houyhnhnms for some time, I felt I wanted to live in Houyhnhnm Land for the rest of my life. It was such a pleasant place. I respected these Houyhnhnms. They were noble (高尚的) creatures who only spoke the truth. It is interesting that there is not even a word for “lie” in their language. Over time I even began to imitate (模仿) the appearance of the Houyhnhnms and made myself shoes like theirs. I made them from wood. Adapted from Gulliver’s Travels 1．What are the Houyhnhnms in England? A．Cows. B．Dogs. C．Yahoos. D．Horses. 2．How does the Houyhnhnm feel about the war? A．Exciting. B．Terrible. C．Interesting. D．Amazing. 3．What can we learn about the Yahoos? A．Most of the Yahoos live a poor life. B．The Yahoos never hurt each other. C．The Yahoos are clever creatures. D．The Yahoos dislike money and power. 4．What does the underlined (划线的) sentence mean in the passage? A．The Houyhnhnms are friendly and get on well with each other. B．The Houyhnhnms never use language to communicate with each other. C．The Houyhnhnms always tell the truth when communicating with each other. D．The Houyhnhnms often lie when they communicate with each other. B A Bright Idea Evans Wadongo was from a village of Africa. He had to do homework by the light of a kerosene lamp (煤油灯). Evans’ eyes hurt and this made studying difficult. It was common in his village. Many children left school for this reason. so they remained poor for the rest of their lives. Although studying was difficult, Evans was an excellent student and went to a university. He continued to worry about the kerosene lamp. By this time, he realized it was not just bad for schoolchildren but for the whole family. First, it can cause illnesses such as coughs. Also, the light can hurt people’s eyes. Besides, it can lead to fires. Lastly, kerosene is expensive, so families have less money for food. It was difficult to come up with a different kind of lamp that was cheap and good for the environment. Yet Evans did not give up. One day, he had an idea. He could use a small solar (太阳能的) light. Sunlight is free and solar power is good for the environment. Evans built his first solar lamp, and it worked. He began to build more lamps and sent them to local families. An organization heard about this and provided money for him to build more solar lamps. Each lamp only cost $20. However, this was a lot of money to many villagers who only earned around $34 a week, so Evans made sure he kept the cost down. First, Evans used recycled materials. Next, volunteers built the lamps. Finally, people from many countries gave away money to his team, so the lamps were usually free. Thousands of people had safe light. Julia, a mother of three, said, “Thanks to Evans, my children have light to read, and I have my own light to cook.”The solar lamps made a big difference. 1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Doing homework. B．Having eye problems. C．Having a bright idea. 2．How many problems about kerosene lamps are mentioned according to Paragraph 2? A．4. B．5. C．6. 3．Why does the writer give Julia’s example in Paragraph 5? A．To share Julia’s experience. B．To show Evans’ influence. C．To describe Evans’ feelings. 4．What is Evans like according to the passage? A．Quiet, smart and honest. B．Polite, talented and humorous. C．Hard-working, loving and creative. C It was a hot summer day. I was a young dad working in a local lumber mill (伐木场). It was dangerous, back-breaking work that paid very little. Only four other people didn’t give up. Those of us who stayed did so only because there was no other work to find to support our families. On this day when I looked around, every face I saw looked upset and tired. Suddenly, a voice called out, “Hey! There’s a deer (鹿) in here.” All of us stopped working and went looking for the lost little deer as she ran about madly looking for a way out. Most people here hunt (打猎) deer for meat in the fall but also treat them with great kindness the rest of the year. Many will even buy bags of corn to help feed them during the winter months. So it was no surprise that all of us were soon quickly working together to guide the little deer back into the woods. Then we walked back to work. I noticed something, though. On every face there was a joyful smile. It was as if this one single act of kindness had energized (使……有活力) us again and reminded us of what life is all about. Doing acts of kindness shows us the power that we have—over ourselves, our choices, and over whether this world is a cruel or beautiful place to live. Fill your day with acts of kindness. Let them warm your heart. Let them light up your life. Let them lead you to love. From sharing a smile to saving a lost little deer, kindness can become a way of life for us all. 1．How many people stayed to work in the local lumber mill? A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven. 2．When did the workers become happy? A．After they fed a lost deer. B．After they caught a deer for eating. C．After they got bags of corn for a deer. D．After they helped a lost deer get home. 3．What did the writer want to tell us through the passage? A．Keeping smiling can help us out. B．It is important to protect animals. C．It is never enough to do acts of kindness. D．Working together is better than working alone. 4．How is the last paragraph different from the rest of the story? A．It teaches a lesson. B．It describes a result. C．It gives some examples. D．It uses some imagination. 【拔高题】 A That year, in a primary school, there was a new math teacher and some new pupils. One of the new kids was the stupidest child. It made no difference however quickly or however slowly others tried explaining numbers to him. He would always end up saying something very stupid. For example, two and two was five. Before this boy joined the class, math lessons had been the most boring of all. Now they were great fun. That was because of the special boy. Encouraged by the math teacher, other children could listen to the new kid giving wrong answers in class, and they would have to make his answers right. Other students all wanted to be the first to find the kid’s mistakes and then think about the most creative ways to explain them to him. To do this, they used all kinds of tools: candies, playing cards, oranges, paper planes, and so on. It seemed like what other students did to the new kid didn’t bring him any trouble. However, a kind boy Lewis was sure that it must make him feel sad inside. So, one day, he decided to follow him home after school. Lewis was sure he would see him crying. After leaving school, the new kid walked to a park, and there he met someone. It was the new math teacher! The teacher gave him a hug and then they went hand in hand. Following them, Lewis could hear they were talking about math. Actually, that stupid new kid knew everything about math, much more than anyone in the class! 1．What kind of person was the math teacher in the passage? A．Strict. B．Smart. C．Boring. 2．How did the math teacher make his classes interesting? A．He made students active in class by asking them to help the new kid. B．He provided all kinds of useful and interesting tools for his students to learn math. C．He let the new kid think about the most creative ways to explain math questions. 3．Why did Lewis follow the new kid home after school? A．Because he wanted to know whether the teacher was crying. B．Because he wanted to know who the new kid met in the park. C．Because he wanted to make sure whether his thought was right. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Children help the stupidest kid learn math. B．A “stupid” kid makes math classes become interesting. C．A math teacher thinks about many ways to let his classes fun. B An 80-year-old man was sitting on the sofa in his house along with his 45-year-old son. Suddenly a crow (乌鸦) landed on their window. The father asked his son, “What is that?” The son replied, “That is a crow.” After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time, “What is this?” The son said, “Father, I told you just now. It’s a crow.” After a little while, the father asked his son the same question for the third time, “What is this?” This time, the son said to his father in a low and cold tone, “It’s a crow, a crow.” After a moment, the father yet again asked his son for the fourth time, “What is this?” This time his son shouted at his father, “Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? I have told you already, ‘IT IS A CROW’. Are you not able to understand this?” A minute later the father went to his room and came back with a diary, which he had kept since his son was born. On opening a page, he asked his son to read that page. Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa when a crow suddenly landed on the window edge. My son asked me 23 times what it was, and I replied him 23 times that it was a crow. I hugged him lovingly each time he asked me the same question. I didn’t at all feel angry, but instead felt affection for my son. If your parents reach old age, do not look at them as a burden, but speak to them gently, and be kind to them. From today say this aloud, “I want to see my parents happy forever. They have cared for me ever since I was a little child. They have always showered me with love. I will take care of my old parents in the best way no matter how they behave.” 1．The writer mainly wants to ________. A．tell us the function (功能) of a diary B．call on us to love our parents C．teach us what a crow is D．introduce a pair of son and father 2．The underlined word “affection” probably means ________. A．stress B．anger C．worry D．love 3．We can infer that the father wrote that piece of diary at the age of ________. A．eighty B．three C．thirty-eight D．forty-five 4．The old man brought out the diary, which he had kept since his son was born, because ________. A．he forgot what had happened B．he would like his son to read it C．it could remind himself of the past D．he wanted to find what a crow was C Charles Darwin (1809–1882) was an English natural scientist who laid down a framework for the theory of evolution—showing how man evolved from lower life forms. Early years Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him join the perfect trip for a biologist: a voyage around the world to study nature.The Beagle In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先). Down House At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels, but he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public. He worked in his study, where he wrote 250,000 words about his theory of evolution (进化论), but he was frightened about what people might say about his idea that monkeys were the ancestors of humans. He thought the public would be against it and was so frightened that he became ill with worry. However, when another scientist started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 1．What caused Darwin to give up his study of medicine? A．He did not like to see blood. B．He could not be a good doctor. C．He was pushed to give up by his family. D．He was advised to study natural science. 2．Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? A．It helped him to finish his study at the university. B．It allowed him to change his mind about his future. C．It gave him ideas about the beginnings of human life. D．It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 3．In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life?   a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He thought the public would not support his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He received help to get a place on a trip around the world. f. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A．e→f→c→a→b→d B．c→e→f→a→b→d C．e→f→a→c→d→b D．c→e→f→d→a→b 4．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To introduce Darwin’s famous book. B．To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C．To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas. D．To show Darwin’s influence on natural science. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$