01 Unit 4 知识清单(含必备知识结构图&即时训练&单元词汇记忆表)-2024-2025学年高二英语重难知识&题型精练(译林版2020选择必修第二册)

Unit 4 Living with technology (译林版2020选择必修第二册) Ⅰ必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1. 　　　n. 输入的信息;投入vt. 输入(信息) 2. adj. 巨大的, 大而重的;非常严重的 3. vt. 创造(新词语) 4. n. 重大进展, 突破adj. 突破性的 5. adj. 自主的, 有自主权的;自治的 6. adj. 家庭的, 家用的;本国的, 国内的 7. vt. 造成, 产生;提问, 质询vi. 摆好姿势n. 姿势 8. vt. 需要;强烈要求n. 要求, 所需之物;需求, 需要 9. n. 受害者, 牺牲品;受骗者;祭品 10. vt. & vi. 减少, 降低 n. 减少, 降低 11. vt. 否认, 否定;拒绝承认, 拒绝接受 12. n. 数量;大量 13. vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见n. 间谍 14. vt. 监视, 跟踪调查;监听n. 显示屏;监测器;班长 15. n. 最好(或最精彩)的部分vt. 突出, 强调;使醒目 16. vt. 埋藏;埋葬, 安葬;覆盖;遮盖;使陷入 17. 　 adj. 当代的, 现代的;属同时期的, 同一时代的n. 同代人, 同辈人 18. adj. 肌肉的;强壮的 19. adj. 虚拟的, 模拟的;很接近的, 事实上的 20. adj. 教学的, 学术的;学习良好的;纯理论的 21. n. 好像一模一样的人, 复制品;克隆动物(或植物)vt. 克隆, 以无性繁殖技术复制 22. adj. 最初的, 开始的n. 首字母 23. adj. 乐观的, 抱乐观看法的 24. n. &vt. 羡慕, 忌妒 根据汉语提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1．The airline industry is experiencing big growth in both international and d (国内) travel. 2．Overtourism occurs when too many visitors flock to the same place and thus 造成 (威胁、问题等) a threat to the destination and its environment. 3．Both sides (承诺；保证) themselves to settling the argument peacefully at last month’s meeting. 4．Facial recognition technology, with its capacity to a huge amount of data, has come into widespread use. 5．Interestingly, the letters were not the usual (警告) to children. 6．Because of the crowded highways, many commuters are considering public transport as an (替代的选择) for their daily travel. 7．The teacher encourages students to become a (自主的) learners by setting clear goals and monitoring their own progress. 8．When faced with conflicting information, you must determine whether your (最初的) understanding is wrong. 9．Language b is what prevents you from comprehending the local culture while you are living or studying in a foreign country. 10．He is more interested in the practical aspects of the subject than in the (学术的) theories. 11．Up to four players can compete in a v (虚拟的) world of role playing in the game. 12．To everyone’s surprise, the i investigation results were found to be contradictory with the final ones. (happening at the beginning; first) 13．One h (最精彩的部分) of his novels is in the conflicts between the characters from different cultural backgrounds. 14．He is one of the most famous c (当代的) painters in our country. 15．She always has her head (埋在) in a book. Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. ____________ adj. 有能力;有才能→____________ n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量, 容积;职位, 职责;生产量 2. ____________ vt. 分析→____________ n. 分析 3. ____________ n. 财政, 金融;资金;财力, 财务管理 vt. 提供资金→____________ adj. 金融的;财政的;财务的→____________ adv. 财政上;金融上 4. ____________ n. 构成威胁的人(事物);威胁;恐吓;凶兆→____________ vt. 危及, 对……构成威胁;威胁, 恐吓 5. ____________ vi. &vt. 全心全意投入, 忠于;犯(罪);承诺, 保证;花(钱或时间)→____________ adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的→____________ n. 承诺;保证;花费;投入 6. ____________ vt. &n. 谋杀, 凶杀→____________ n. 凶手 7. ____________ vt. 敦促, 催促;大力推荐, 竭力主张;驱赶, 鞭策 n. 冲动, 强烈的欲望→____________ adj. 紧急的;迫切的→____________ n. 紧急;紧急情况 8. ____________ adj. 显然的;表面上的→____________ adv. 显然, 可见 9. ____________ vt. 警告;提醒;告诫→____________ n. 警告, 先兆;警戒 10. ____________ n. 贪心;贪婪→____________ adj. 贪心的, 贪婪的→____________ adv. 贪婪地 11. ____________ vt. 认识;辨认出;意识到;(正式)认可→____________ n. 识别, 认出;承认, 认可;赞誉, 赏识 12. ____________ n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的;非传统的→____________ adv. 要不, 或者 13. ____________ vt. 使分布;分散;分发;分配;分销→____________ n. 分发, 分送;分配, 分布→____________ n. 经销商;分销商 14. ____________ vt. 预言, 预告→____________ n. 预言;预告→____________ n. 预示物;预测器 15. ____________ adj. 合法的→____________ adj. 不合法的, 非法的 16. ____________ vt. &vi. 断定, 推断出;达成, 订立;(使)结束, 终止→____________ n. 结论 17. ____________ v. 说明或证明正确或合理; 排列整齐→____________ adj. 合乎情理的, 事出有因的;有正当理由的 18. ____________ adj. 非常优秀的→____________ n. 优越感;优越性, 优势 19. ____________ v. 定义;使明确;界定→____________ adj. 肯定的;确定的→____________ n. 定义;释义, 解释 20. ____________ v. 练习;实践→____________ adj. 实际的, 真实的;切实可行的;有用的;实事求是的 21. ____________ vt. &vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣);雇用, 聘用;与……建立密切关系→____________ n. 订婚;约会;交战;密切关系;雇用 22. ____________ vt. 使恼怒, 使生气;打扰, 骚扰→____________ adj. 愤怒;生气→____________ adj. 使人讨厌的;恼人的→____________ n. 烦恼;使人烦恼的事 23. ____________ n. 费用;开销;开支→____________ adj. 昂贵的;花钱多的→____________ adv. 昂贵地;花钱多地 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1．In the past few decades, the increasing use of plastic bags (threat) the ecological balance of our planet. 2．The fingerprint (recognize) system is widely applied in China. 3．I thought she had retired, but (apparent) she hasn’t. 4．The film Volunteers: The Battle of Life and Death features over 200 adorable characters, (commit) to the peace for their motherland. 5．He quickly assessed what (alternative) were open to him. 6．One of the (highlight) of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal 7．His decision to quit this job was (just), by the poor working conditions and low pay. 8．As a new education form, online education shows more and more importance and (superior). 9．Finally we (conclude) that our plan should be carried out right away. 10． (bury) under the ruins, the young man was rather (frighten). 11．I need (practice) suggestions on how to increase fibre in my daily diet. 12．I look up to Helen because she is (optimism) about life even in great trouble. 13．With the theme of reducing food loss and food waste and promoting (globe) food security, the event attracted more than 300 participants. 14． (initial), silk was the main item exported along the network because its weight was light and its value was high. 15．Schools award scholarships for high (academy) achievement. 16．An American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre in 1974, which is quick, (practice), and easy to perform. Ⅳ. 重点短语默写清单 1.  (建)空中楼阁, 幻想, 空想 2.   略举几例  3.   受伤, 受损, 被害  4.   强行闯入, 撬开;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利打入  5.   大量, 大批  6.  　　暗中监视, 窥探  7.   处于最前列, 进入重要地位  8.   许多, 大量  9.   归结为, 基本问题是  10.   大量  11.   在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下  用方框内所给短语完成句子 get through,     break away from,   carry sb. through,  to name but a few,   take advantage of let alone wipe out do away with boil down to set off 1．Since you have a good command of English, why not this chance to show yourself? 2．Activities in the Science and Technology Festival include robot exhibition, science lectures, appreciation of science fictions, . 3．With the support from his friends, he succeeded in the difficult times. 4．Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to my friends and never contact them. 5．It was my English teacher who the tough time at senor high. 6．I wouldn’t speak to him, trust him and lend him some money. 7．Nothing could his bitter memories of the past. 8．News that a huge earthquake might occur widespread panic so far. 9．The long-range goal must be to nuclear weapons altogether. 10．What they want just one thing. It is land. Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1. It is + adj. +that. . . _______________ we are at a turning point in history.  很明显, 我们正处在历史的转折点上。 2. whatever引导状语从句 __________________, we need to make sure that facial recognition technology can be trusted—or we will have to face the consequences.  无论发生什么, 我们都需要确保面部识别技术是可信的——否则我们将不得不面对后果。 3. There is no denying that. . . _______________ the technology will have a huge impact on everyday life.  无可否认, 这种技术将对日常生活产生重大影响。 4. 祈使句+ and+ 句子 Just ______________, and the drones will fly the passengers where they want to go. 只要输入一个目的地, 无人机就会把乘客送到他们想去的地方。 5. what if 假使……将会怎样? I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? ()如果我告诉你,医生可以创造一个虚拟的“双胞胎”,以便在病人身上做手术前先进行精密的手术练习,那该会怎样呢? 6. what引导主语从句 _____________________ is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology. () 7. before引导时间状语从句 ________________________ virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common.   虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览很快就会普及。 完成句子 1．首先，交一些中国朋友对你来说很重要，他们可以在很多方面帮助你。(it is＋adj.＋for sb to do) First of all, , who can help you in many ways. 2．不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总有一个奇妙无比难以置信的主题公园吸引你。 Whichever and whatever you like, there is an theme park that will to you. 3．不可否认，健康与均衡的饮食有关。 There is no denying that . 4．用“祈使句+and+陈述句”连接句子 You can climb a high mountain with a maximum altitude of 5,000 metres. Perhaps you’ll meet some wild animals. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．让我们惊讶的是他竟然放弃了这么好的机会。 was that he should give up the golden chance. (用what引导的主语从句) 6．没过多久，飞机就在我的视线中消失了。 It didn’t take long before I the plane. 7．要是周日晚上的足球赛因雨推迟会怎么样呢？( What if; put off) Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading 　Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines, which are capable 1. learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans. In 2. 1940s, the development of computers made AI a 3. (real). However, for a long time, AI technology developed very 4. (slow). In 1997, Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov, which marked a new breakthrough in artificial intelligence. AI is now used in a 5. (vary) of fields, such as finance, health care, machine translation and art. In fact, the 6. (application) of AI are unlimited. In short, AI is changing the way we live. It is clear 7. we are at a turning point in history. However, as AI brings great convenience, it 8. (bring) us many worries in the past decades. Many people, including some scientists, wonder that AI might be abused by criminals, 9. (cause) panic and social instability. So researchers are urged 10. (think) about all the possible dangers that AI might cause to us while they are doing research.   2. Extended reading 　VR (virtual reality), just like its name, 1. (mean) reality that is not real. Though you know the sensory information 2. (surround) you is not real, part of your brain believes it is and acts 3. (according). VR can be used in many fields, education, for example. It helps students understand many complex situations such as the universe 4. micro world. In medicine, VR can help surgeons practise operating on a virtual “twin” before operating 5. the real person. It can also help train new surgeons. VR has a 6. (vary) of applications in our daily life. Some game systems allow players 7. (put) on a special headset and they will enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual 8. _________(opponent). VR is being introduced to help people see exhibitions in museums, do shopping and select travel destinations. In either case, VR will help people make more 9. (inform) choices.   Though there are some barriers for the development of VR, it is promising. Especially during this age 10. __________ technology is developing fast, everything is possible. 附:单元词汇记忆表 castle n. 城堡 (build) castles in the air（建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想 input n. 输入的信息；投入vt. (input, input) 输入（信息） capacity n. 领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量 analyse (AmE analyze) vt. 分析 massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 network n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；（互联）网络 coin vt. 创造（新词语） breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破adj. 突破性的 finance n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理vt. 提供资金 to name but a few 略举几例 autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的 domestic adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 threaten vt. 危及，对…构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 commit vt. 犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）vi. 全心全意投入，忠于 crime n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动 murder vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀 urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询vi. 摆好姿势n. 姿势 apparently adv. 显然，可见 warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒 demand vt. 需要；强烈要求n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 victim n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的 recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识 database n. 数据库 alternative n. 可供选择的事物adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 *hacker n. 黑客 theft n. 偷窃，偷窃罪 break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑、唱等）；顺利打入 fail-safe adj. 有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的 *drone n. 无人驾驶飞机 distribution n. 分发，分送；分配，分布 predict vt. 预言，预告 decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低n. 减少，降低 deny vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 quantity n. 数量；大量 in large quantities 大量，大批 airline n. 航空公司 threat n. 构成威胁的人（或事物）；威胁，恐吓；凶兆 spy vi. 从事间谍活动vt. 突然看见n. 间谍 spy on 暗中监视，窥探 illegal adj. 不合法的，非法的 monitor vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听n. 显示屏；监测器；班长 licence (AmE license) n. 许可证，执照 stadium n. 体育场，运动场 highlight n. 最好（或最精彩）的部分vt. 突出，强调；使醒目 capsule n. 小塑料容器；（装药的）胶囊；太空舱 bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 fountain n. 喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源 fountain pen 自来水笔 contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的n. 同代人，同辈人 seed n. 种子；起源，起因 wheat n. 小麦，小麦粒 muscular adj. 肌肉的；强壮的 conclude vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使）结束，终止 justified adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的 superiority n. 优越感；优越性，优势 virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 at the forefront of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 definition n. 定义；释义，解释 headset n. 耳机 sensor n. 传感器，敏感元件 practical adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 a host of 许多，大量 academic adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 *immersive adj.（计算机系统或图像）沉浸式虚拟现实的 engage vt. & vi. 吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用；与…建立密切关系 twin n. 双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一adj. 双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的 clone n. 好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物（或植物）vt. 克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 barrier n. 障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 fine-tune vt. 对…微调 initial adj. 最初的，开始的n. 首字母 optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 weed n. 杂草，野草 like weeds 大量 state-of-the-art adj. 使用最先进技术（或方法）的，最先进的 globe n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界 satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 expense n. 费用；开销；开支 at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）…的情况下 gender n. 性别 envy n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒 pub n. 酒吧，酒馆 ( 10 / 10 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Living with technology (译林版2020选择必修第二册) Ⅰ必备知识结构图 Ⅱ. 必备单词默写清单 1. 　　　n. 输入的信息;投入vt. 输入(信息) 2. adj. 巨大的, 大而重的;非常严重的 3. vt. 创造(新词语) 4. n. 重大进展, 突破adj. 突破性的 5. adj. 自主的, 有自主权的;自治的 6. adj. 家庭的, 家用的;本国的, 国内的 7. vt. 造成, 产生;提问, 质询vi. 摆好姿势n. 姿势 8. vt. 需要;强烈要求n. 要求, 所需之物;需求, 需要 9. n. 受害者, 牺牲品;受骗者;祭品 10. vt. & vi. 减少, 降低 n. 减少, 降低 11. vt. 否认, 否定;拒绝承认, 拒绝接受 12. n. 数量;大量 13. vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见n. 间谍 14. vt. 监视, 跟踪调查;监听n. 显示屏;监测器;班长 15. n. 最好(或最精彩)的部分vt. 突出, 强调;使醒目 16. vt. 埋藏;埋葬, 安葬;覆盖;遮盖;使陷入 17. 　 adj. 当代的, 现代的;属同时期的, 同一时代的n. 同代人, 同辈人 18. adj. 肌肉的;强壮的 19. adj. 虚拟的, 模拟的;很接近的, 事实上的 20. adj. 教学的, 学术的;学习良好的;纯理论的 21. n. 好像一模一样的人, 复制品;克隆动物(或植物)vt. 克隆, 以无性繁殖技术复制 22. adj. 最初的, 开始的n. 首字母 23. adj. 乐观的, 抱乐观看法的 24. n. &vt. 羡慕, 忌妒 答案:1.input 2. massive 3. coin 4. breakthrough 5. autonomous 6. domestic 7. pose 8. demand 9. victim 10. decrease 11. deny 12.quantity 13. spy 14. monitor 15. highlight 16. bury 17. contemporary 18. muscular 19. virtual 20. academic 21. clone 22. initial 23. optimistic 24. envy 根据汉语提示完成句子(单词拼写) 1．The airline industry is experiencing big growth in both international and d (国内) travel. 【答案】domestic/omestic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：航空业正在经历国际和国内旅行的巨大增长。根据中英文提示可知应用形容词domestic，修饰名词travel。故填domestic。 2．Overtourism occurs when too many visitors flock to the same place and thus 造成 (威胁、问题等) a threat to the destination and its environment. 【答案】poses 【详解】考查动词。句意：当太多的游客涌向同一个地方，从而对目的地及其环境构成威胁时，就会出现过度旅游。根据汉语提示“造成 (威胁、问题等) ”可知，此处为动词pose，空处和occurs为并列谓语，需用一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填poses。 3．Both sides (承诺；保证) themselves to settling the argument peacefully at last month’s meeting. 【答案】committed 【详解】考查动词。句意：在上个月的会议上，双方都承诺和平解决争端。空处作谓语，“承诺；保证”应用动词commit，短语commit oneself to doing意为“承诺/致力于做某事”，结合“at last month’s meeting”可知，时态应用一般过去时。故填committed。 4．Facial recognition technology, with its capacity to a huge amount of data, has come into widespread use. 【答案】analyse/analyze 【详解】考查动词。句意：面部识别技术，以其分析海量数据的能力，得到了广泛的使用。根据句意可知，此处意为“分析”，故应用动词analyse/analyze，且根据空前的to可知，此处为不定式to do作定语，故填analyse/analyze。 5．Interestingly, the letters were not the usual (警告) to children. 【答案】warnings 【详解】考查名词。句意：有趣的是，这些信件并不是通常写给孩子们的。设空处使用名词作表语，根据汉语提示，表示“警告”用warning，此处表示复数意义。故填warnings。 6．Because of the crowded highways, many commuters are considering public transport as an (替代的选择) for their daily travel. 【答案】alternative 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于高速公路拥挤，许多通勤者正在考虑将公共交通作为日常出行的替代选择。根据汉语提示可知应用名词alternative，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填alternative。 7．The teacher encourages students to become a (自主的) learners by setting clear goals and monitoring their own progress. 【答案】autonomous/utonomous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：老师通过鼓励学生设定明确的目标和监控自己的进步来成为自主学习者。此处为形容词作定语，根据提示的汉语和首字母可知，表示“自主的”为形容词autonomous修饰名词learners。故填autonomous。 8．When faced with conflicting information, you must determine whether your (最初的) understanding is wrong. 【答案】original/initial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当面对矛盾的信息时，你必须判断你最初的理解是否错误。根据汉语提示“最初的”可知，本空用形容词original或initial，修饰名词understanding，作前置定语。故填original或initial。 9．Language b is what prevents you from comprehending the local culture while you are living or studying in a foreign country. 【答案】barrier/arrier 【详解】考查名词。句意：语言障碍是当你在国外生活或学习时，阻碍你理解当地文化的原因。根据句意“障碍”和首字母提示可知，此处为名词barrier，作主语。故填barrier。 10．He is more interested in the practical aspects of the subject than in the (学术的) theories. 【答案】academic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他对这门学科的实践方面比对学术理论更感兴趣。根据汉语提示“学术的”可知，应用形容词academic作定语修饰名词theories。故填academic。 11．Up to four players can compete in a v (虚拟的) world of role playing in the game. 【答案】virtual/irtual 【详解】考查形容词。句意：最多四名玩家可以在游戏中的角色扮演虚拟世界中竞争。根据中英文提示，这里应用形容词virtual，作定语修饰world。故填virtual。 12．To everyone’s surprise, the i investigation results were found to be contradictory with the final ones. (happening at the beginning; first) 【答案】initial/nitial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：令所有人惊讶的是，初步调查结果与最终结果被发现是相矛盾的。根据英文提示“happening at the beginning; first(开始时发生的；第一个)”和首字母可知，空处应为形容词“开始的，初步的”initial，作定语修饰名词短语investigation results。故填initial。 13．One h (最精彩的部分) of his novels is in the conflicts between the characters from different cultural backgrounds. 【答案】highlight/ighlight 【详解】考查名词。句意：他的小说的一个亮点是不同文化背景的人物之间的冲突。根据汉语提示和首字母h以及空格前的one可知，空格处应该用单数名词highlight作主语。故填highlight。 14．He is one of the most famous c (当代的) painters in our country. 【答案】contemporary/ontemporary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是我国最著名的当代画家之一。根据汉语提示“当代的”和首字母提示可知，此处为形容词contemporary，作定语，修饰名词painters。故填contemporary。 15．She always has her head (埋在) in a book. 【答案】buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她总是埋头读书。根据汉语提示“埋在”，可知应填动词bury，且此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，bury与head构成被动，应用过去分词作宾补。故填buried。 Ⅲ 核心单词拓展拔高 1. ____________ adj. 有能力;有才能→____________ n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量, 容积;职位, 职责;生产量 2. ____________ vt. 分析→____________ n. 分析 3. ____________ n. 财政, 金融;资金;财力, 财务管理 vt. 提供资金→____________ adj. 金融的;财政的;财务的→____________ adv. 财政上;金融上 4. ____________ n. 构成威胁的人(事物);威胁;恐吓;凶兆→____________ vt. 危及, 对……构成威胁;威胁, 恐吓 5. ____________ vi. &vt. 全心全意投入, 忠于;犯(罪);承诺, 保证;花(钱或时间)→____________ adj. 尽心尽力的;坚信的;坚定的→____________ n. 承诺;保证;花费;投入 6. ____________ vt. &n. 谋杀, 凶杀→____________ n. 凶手 7. ____________ vt. 敦促, 催促;大力推荐, 竭力主张;驱赶, 鞭策 n. 冲动, 强烈的欲望→____________ adj. 紧急的;迫切的→____________ n. 紧急;紧急情况 8. ____________ adj. 显然的;表面上的→____________ adv. 显然, 可见 9. ____________ vt. 警告;提醒;告诫→____________ n. 警告, 先兆;警戒 10. ____________ n. 贪心;贪婪→____________ adj. 贪心的, 贪婪的→____________ adv. 贪婪地 11. ____________ vt. 认识;辨认出;意识到;(正式)认可→____________ n. 识别, 认出;承认, 认可;赞誉, 赏识 12. ____________ n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的;非传统的→____________ adv. 要不, 或者 13. ____________ vt. 使分布;分散;分发;分配;分销→____________ n. 分发, 分送;分配, 分布→____________ n. 经销商;分销商 14. ____________ vt. 预言, 预告→____________ n. 预言;预告→____________ n. 预示物;预测器 15. ____________ adj. 合法的→____________ adj. 不合法的, 非法的 16. ____________ vt. &vi. 断定, 推断出;达成, 订立;(使)结束, 终止→____________ n. 结论 17. ____________ v. 说明或证明正确或合理; 排列整齐→____________ adj. 合乎情理的, 事出有因的;有正当理由的 18. ____________ adj. 非常优秀的→____________ n. 优越感;优越性, 优势 19. ____________ v. 定义;使明确;界定→____________ adj. 肯定的;确定的→____________ n. 定义;释义, 解释 20. ____________ v. 练习;实践→____________ adj. 实际的, 真实的;切实可行的;有用的;实事求是的 21. ____________ vt. &vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣);雇用, 聘用;与……建立密切关系→____________ n. 订婚;约会;交战;密切关系;雇用 22. ____________ vt. 使恼怒, 使生气;打扰, 骚扰→____________ adj. 愤怒;生气→____________ adj. 使人讨厌的;恼人的→____________ n. 烦恼;使人烦恼的事 23. ____________ n. 费用;开销;开支→____________ adj. 昂贵的;花钱多的→____________ adv. 昂贵地;花钱多地 答案：1.capable, capacity 2. analyze/ analyse, analysis 3. finance, financial, financially 4. threat, threaten 5. commit, committed, commitment 6. murder, murderer 7. urge, urgent, urgency 8. apparent, apparently 9. warn, warning 10. greed, greedy, greedily 11. recognize, recognition 12. alternative, alternatively 13.distribute, distribution, distributor 14. predict, prediction, predictor 15. legal, illegal 16. conclude, conclusion 17. justify, justified 18. super, superiority 19. define, definite, definition 20. practice, practical 21. engage, engagement 22. annoy, annoyed, annoying, annoyance 23. expense, expensive, expensively 用所给词的适当形式完成句子(词汇派生) 1．In the past few decades, the increasing use of plastic bags (threat) the ecological balance of our planet. 【答案】has threatened 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，越来越多的塑料袋的使用已经威胁到我们星球的生态平衡。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语in the past few decades可知，此处使用现在完成时，threat的动词为threaten意为“威胁”，主语the increasing use为第三人称单数，助动词使用has。故填has threatened。 2．The fingerprint (recognize) system is widely applied in China. 【答案】recognition 【详解】考查名词。句意：指纹识别系统在中国广泛应用。根据空后名词system可知，此处需要一个形容词或名词作定语，修饰system。所给词为动词，是“识别”的意思，其形容词形式应为recognizing，修饰system时相当于现在分词作定语，但此时表示的是正在发生或进行的动作，而本题想表达的并不是系统正在发出识别这个动作，而是说明这个系统的特点或功能，因此不应用recognizing。名词recognition作定语时，可表示被修饰名词的特点或功能。故填recognition。 3．I thought she had retired, but (apparent) she hasn’t. 【答案】apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：我以为她已经退休了，但显然她没有。分析句子可知，空处需要用副词形式，作状语，修饰整个句子she hasn’t，apparent的副词形式是apparently，意为“显然，似乎”。故填apparently。 4．The film Volunteers: The Battle of Life and Death features over 200 adorable characters, (commit) to the peace for their motherland. 【答案】committed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：电影《志愿军：存亡之战》中有 200 多个可爱的角色，他们致力于为祖国争取和平。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，characters与commit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填committed。 5．He quickly assessed what (alternative) were open to him. 【答案】alternatives 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：他很快评估了自己有哪些选择。alternative是可数名词，根据were可知，此处要用复数形式，在what引导的宾语从句中作主语，故填alternatives。 6．One of the (highlight) of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal 【答案】highlights 【详解】考查名词。句意：这次旅行的亮点之一是参观泰姬陵。设空处为名词的形式做介词宾语，one of +名词复数表示“……之一”。故填highlights。 7．His decision to quit this job was (just), by the poor working conditions and low pay. 【答案】justified 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他辞掉这份工作的决定是合理的，因为工作条件差，工资又低。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，用just的形容词形式justified意为“合乎情理；事出有因”符合语境。故填justified。 8．As a new education form, online education shows more and more importance and (superior). 【答案】superiority 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一种新的教育形式，网络教育越来越显示出其重要性和优越性。空格前面是并列连词and，这里需要名词，和前面的importance一起作宾语。故填superiority。 9．Finally we (conclude) that our plan should be carried out right away. 【答案】concluded 【详解】考查时态。句意：最后，我们得出结论，我们的计划应该立即实施。空处为主句谓语动词，结合语境和finally可知，此处陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填concluded。 10． (bury) under the ruins, the young man was rather (frighten). 【答案】 Buried frightened 【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词。句意：被埋在废墟下，年轻男子非常害怕。第一空：句中已有谓语动词was且无连词，故空处填非谓语动词，bury和逻辑主语the young man为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语；第二空：作表语，表示人的主观感受，应用v-ed形式的形容词，frightened“害怕的”符合题意。故填Buried；frightened。 11．I need (practice) suggestions on how to increase fibre in my daily diet. 【答案】practical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我需要关于如何在日常饮食中增加纤维的切实可行的建议。名词 suggestions 前用形容词修饰。practice的形容词形式为practical，意为“切实可行的”。根据句意，故填practical。 12．I look up to Helen because she is (optimism) about life even in great trouble. 【答案】optimistic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我敬仰海伦，因为她即使在困难中也对生活持乐观态度。这里需要形容词optimistic，意为“乐观的”，作表语。故填optimistic。 13．With the theme of reducing food loss and food waste and promoting (globe) food security, the event attracted more than 300 participants. 【答案】global 【详解】考查形容词。句意：以减少食物损失和浪费，并促进全球粮食安全为主题，这次活动吸引了300多名参与者。修饰名词短语food security，用形容词作定语。globe意为“全球”，名词，其形容词形式为global。故填global。 14． (initial), silk was the main item exported along the network because its weight was light and its value was high. 【答案】Initially 【详解】考查副词。句意：最初，丝绸是沿着这条贸易路线出口的主要商品，因为它的重量轻而价值高。空处应用副词形式initially“最初；起初”作状语，修饰整个句子，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Initially。 15．Schools award scholarships for high (academy) achievement. 【答案】academic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：学校为学业成绩优异的学生颁发奖学金。修饰名词achievement，应用形容词academic，故填academic。 16．An American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre in 1974, which is quick, (practice), and easy to perform. 【答案】practical 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一位美国医生，亨利·海姆立克，在1974年发明了海姆立克急救法，这种方法既迅速又实用，并且易于操作。空处需要形容词作表语。practice的形容词形式为practical“实用的”。故填practical。 Ⅳ. 重点短语默写清单 1.  (建)空中楼阁, 幻想, 空想 2.   略举几例  3.   受伤, 受损, 被害  4.   强行闯入, 撬开;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利打入  5.   大量, 大批  6.  　　暗中监视, 窥探  7.   处于最前列, 进入重要地位  8.   许多, 大量  9.   归结为, 基本问题是  10.   大量  11.   在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下  答案：1.(build) castles in the air 2. to name but a few 3. fall victim to 4. break into 5. in large quantities 6. spy on 7. at the forefront of 8. a host of 9. boil down to 10. like weeds 11. at the expense of 用方框内所给短语完成句子 get through,     break away from,   carry sb. through,  to name but a few,   take advantage of let alone wipe out do away with boil down to set off 1．Since you have a good command of English, why not this chance to show yourself? 2．Activities in the Science and Technology Festival include robot exhibition, science lectures, appreciation of science fictions, . 3．With the support from his friends, he succeeded in the difficult times. 4．Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to my friends and never contact them. 5．It was my English teacher who the tough time at senor high. 6．I wouldn’t speak to him, trust him and lend him some money. 7．Nothing could his bitter memories of the past. 8．News that a huge earthquake might occur widespread panic so far. 9．The long-range goal must be to nuclear weapons altogether. 10．What they want just one thing. It is land. 【答案】1．take advantage of 2．to name but a few 3．getting through 4．break away from 5．carried me through6．let alone 7．wipe out 8．has set off 9．do away with 10．boils down to 【解析】1．考查动词短语。句意：既然你的英语很好，为什么不利用这个机会展示一下自己呢？。why not后接动词原形，take advantage of“利用”符合句意。 故填take advantage of。 2．考查短语。句意：科技节的活动包括机器人展览、科学讲座、科幻小说欣赏等等。to name but a few“ 诸如此类”，用于列举少数例子，符合句意。故填to name but a few。 3．考查动词短语。句意：在朋友们的支持下，他成功地度过了困难时期。In后接动名词，get through “度过”符合句意。故填getting through。 4．考查动词短语。句意：直到那时，我才意识到我和朋友们断绝关系，从不联系他们是多么愚蠢。空前to是不定式符号，后接动词原形，break away from“脱离”符合句意。故填break away from。 5．考查动词短语。句意：是我的英语老师帮助我度过了高中那段艰难的时光。本句为强调句式，陈述过去的动作用一般过去时。carry sb. through“帮助某人渡过难关”符合句意。故填carried me through。 6．考查固定短语。句意：我不会和他说话，更不用说信任他和借给他钱了。根据“I wouldn’t speak to him”以及句意“更不用说”可知应填let alone，根据后文and lend him some money可知应填原形。故填let alone。 7．考查固定短语。句意：什么也抹不去他对过去的痛苦回忆。根据“his bitter memories of the past”以及句意“抹去”可知应填wipe out，且could后跟动词原形。故填wipe out。 8．考查固定短语。句意：到目前为止，可能发生大地震的消息引起了广泛的恐慌。根据“widespread panic”以及句意“引起”可知应填set off，根据后文so far可知为现在完成时，主语为News，助动词用has。故填has set off。 9．考查固定短语。句意：长期目标必须是完全废除核武器。根据“nuclear weapons”以及句意“废除”可知应填do away with，不定式作表语。故填do away with。 10．考查固定短语。句意：他们想要的可以归结为一件事。那就是陆地。根据“to just one thing. It is land”以及句意“归结为”可知应填boil down to，根据want可知为一般现在时，主语为What they want，谓语用三单形式。故填boils down to。 Ⅴ.课文重点句型应用 1. It is + adj. +that. . . _______________ we are at a turning point in history.  很明显, 我们正处在历史的转折点上。 2. whatever引导状语从句 __________________, we need to make sure that facial recognition technology can be trusted—or we will have to face the consequences.  无论发生什么, 我们都需要确保面部识别技术是可信的——否则我们将不得不面对后果。 3. There is no denying that. . . _______________ the technology will have a huge impact on everyday life.  无可否认, 这种技术将对日常生活产生重大影响。 4. 祈使句+ and+ 句子 Just ______________, and the drones will fly the passengers where they want to go. 只要输入一个目的地, 无人机就会把乘客送到他们想去的地方。 5. what if 假使……将会怎样? I told you that doctors could create a virtual “twin” in order to practise delicate surgery before attempting it on the patient? ()如果我告诉你,医生可以创造一个虚拟的“双胞胎”,以便在病人身上做手术前先进行精密的手术练习,那该会怎样呢? 6. what引导主语从句 _____________________ is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology. () 7. before引导时间状语从句 ________________________ virtual museums and interactive three-D exhibitions become common.   虚拟博物馆和交互式三维展览很快就会普及。 答案：1. It is clear that 2. Whatever happens 3. There can be no denying that 4.enter a destination, and 4. What if 5. 6. What excites me the most 7. It won’t be long before 完成句子 1．首先，交一些中国朋友对你来说很重要，他们可以在很多方面帮助你。(it is＋adj.＋for sb to do) First of all, , who can help you in many ways. 【答案】it is important for you to make some Chinese friends 【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。表示“重要的”应用important；表示“你”应用you；表示“交一些中国朋友”应用make some Chinese friends；it is＋adj.＋for sb to do，it为形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。故填it is important for you to make some Chinese friends。 2．不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总有一个奇妙无比难以置信的主题公园吸引你。 Whichever and whatever you like, there is an theme park that will to you. 【答案】 incredible appeal 【详解】考查形容词和固定短语。分析句子结构和句意可知，第一个空处可使用形容词incredible（难以置信的）在句中作定语修饰名词theme park。第二个空处为固定短语appeal to，意为“吸引”，情态动词后接动词原形。故填①incredible；②appeal。 3．不可否认，健康与均衡的饮食有关。 There is no denying that . 【答案】health is associated with a balanced diet 【详解】考查固定搭配。“健康”为名词health，作that后这个从句中的主语。“与……有关”为固定短语be associated with，“健康与均衡的饮食有关”描述的是常规情况，且结合主句时态，这里应用一般现在时，be动词与主语搭配，使用第三人称单数形式。“均衡的饮食”中，“饮食”是中心词，为可数名词diet，这里是泛指，前加a。“均衡的”可用形容词balanced作定语，修饰diet。故填health is associated with a balanced diet。 4．用“祈使句+and+陈述句”连接句子 You can climb a high mountain with a maximum altitude of 5,000 metres. Perhaps you’ll meet some wild animals. ____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Climb a high mountain with a maximum altitude of 5,000 metres and perhaps you’ll meet some wild animals. 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：爬一座最高海拔5000米的高山，也许你会遇到一些野生动物。原句是两个简单句，要改写为“祈使句+and+陈述句”的句型，故将第一个简单句改为祈使句，用动词原形开头，用and连接，故答案为Climb a high mountain with a maximum altitude of 5,000 metres and perhaps you’ll meet some wild animals.。 5．让我们惊讶的是他竟然放弃了这么好的机会。 was that he should give up the golden chance. (用what引导的主语从句) 【答案】What shocked/surprised/astonished us或What made us (feel) shocked/surprised/astonished 【详解】考查主语从句、动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语成分，表示“让我们惊讶”应为动词短语shock/surprise/astonish us或者make us (feel) shocked/surprised/astonished；结合句意可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填What shocked/surprised/astonished us或What made us (feel) shocked/ surprised/ astonished。 6．没过多久，飞机就在我的视线中消失了。 It didn’t take long before I the plane. 【答案】 lost sight of 【详解】考查时态。对比中英文句意可知，空处需表示“在视线中消失”之意，lose sight of“看不见……，……在视线中消失”之意，由空前“didn’t ”可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填①lost ②sight ③of。 7．要是周日晚上的足球赛因雨推迟会怎么样呢？( What if; put off) 【答案】What if the football match on Sunday night is put off because of the rain? 【详解】考查固定句型、名词短语、动词短语和介词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，该句应为What if…“要是……会怎么样呢”的固定句型，表示“周日晚上的足球赛”应为名词短语the football match on Sunday night；表示“推迟”应为动词短语put off，和football match为被动关系，所以为被动语态结构，用一般现在时表将来；表示“因为下雨”应为介词短语because of the rain。故翻译为：What if the football match on Sunday night is put off because of the rain? Ⅵ.课文改编语法填空 1. Reading 　Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines, which are capable 1. learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans. In 2. 1940s, the development of computers made AI a 3. (real). However, for a long time, AI technology developed very 4. (slow). In 1997, Deep Blue beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov, which marked a new breakthrough in artificial intelligence. AI is now used in a 5. (vary) of fields, such as finance, health care, machine translation and art. In fact, the 6. (application) of AI are unlimited. In short, AI is changing the way we live. It is clear 7. we are at a turning point in history. However, as AI brings great convenience, it 8. (bring) us many worries in the past decades. Many people, including some scientists, wonder that AI might be abused by criminals, 9. (cause) panic and social instability. So researchers are urged 10. (think) about all the possible dangers that AI might cause to us while they are doing research.   答案：1.of 2. the 3. reality 4. slowly 5. variety 6.applications 7.that 8.has brought 9. causing 10. to think 2. Extended reading 　VR (virtual reality), just like its name, 1. (mean) reality that is not real. Though you know the sensory information 2. (surround) you is not real, part of your brain believes it is and acts 3. (according). VR can be used in many fields, education, for example. It helps students understand many complex situations such as the universe 4. micro world. In medicine, VR can help surgeons practise operating on a virtual “twin” before operating 5. the real person. It can also help train new surgeons. VR has a 6. (vary) of applications in our daily life. Some game systems allow players 7. (put) on a special headset and they will enter virtual environments and play against either real or virtual 8. _________(opponent). VR is being introduced to help people see exhibitions in museums, do shopping and select travel destinations. In either case, VR will help people make more 9. (inform) choices.   Though there are some barriers for the development of VR, it is promising. Especially during this age 10. __________ technology is developing fast, everything is possible. 答案：1.means 2. surrounding 3. accordingly 4. and 5. on 6. variety 7. to put 8. opponents 9. informed 10. when 附:单元词汇记忆表 castle n. 城堡 (build) castles in the air（建）空中楼阁，幻想，空想 input n. 输入的信息；投入vt. (input, input) 输入（信息） capacity n. 领悟（或理解、办事）能力；容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量 analyse (AmE analyze) vt. 分析 massive adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的 network n. 网络，网状系统；关系网，人际网；（互联）网络 coin vt. 创造（新词语） breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破adj. 突破性的 finance n. 财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理vt. 提供资金 to name but a few 略举几例 autonomous adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的 domestic adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的 threaten vt. 危及，对…构成威胁；威胁，恐吓 commit vt. 犯（罪）；承诺，保证；花（钱或时间）vi. 全心全意投入，忠于 crime n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动 murder vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀 urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询vi. 摆好姿势n. 姿势 apparently adv. 显然，可见 warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒 demand vt. 需要；强烈要求n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 victim n. 受害者，牺牲品；受骗者；祭品 fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的 recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识 database n. 数据库 alternative n. 可供选择的事物adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 *hacker n. 黑客 theft n. 偷窃，偷窃罪 break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始（笑、唱等）；顺利打入 fail-safe adj. 有自动保险装置的，具有自动防止故障性能的 *drone n. 无人驾驶飞机 distribution n. 分发，分送；分配，分布 predict vt. 预言，预告 decrease vt. & vi. 减少，降低n. 减少，降低 deny vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 quantity n. 数量；大量 in large quantities 大量，大批 airline n. 航空公司 threat n. 构成威胁的人（或事物）；威胁，恐吓；凶兆 spy vi. 从事间谍活动vt. 突然看见n. 间谍 spy on 暗中监视，窥探 illegal adj. 不合法的，非法的 monitor vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听n. 显示屏；监测器；班长 licence (AmE license) n. 许可证，执照 stadium n. 体育场，运动场 highlight n. 最好（或最精彩）的部分vt. 突出，强调；使醒目 capsule n. 小塑料容器；（装药的）胶囊；太空舱 bury vt. 埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入 fountain n. 喷射，涌流；喷水池；源泉，丰富来源 fountain pen 自来水笔 contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的；属同时期的，同一时代的n. 同代人，同辈人 seed n. 种子；起源，起因 wheat n. 小麦，小麦粒 muscular adj. 肌肉的；强壮的 conclude vt. & vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立；（使）结束，终止 justified adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的 superiority n. 优越感；优越性，优势 virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的；很接近的，事实上的 at the forefront of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 definition n. 定义；释义，解释 headset n. 耳机 sensor n. 传感器，敏感元件 practical adj. 实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 a host of 许多，大量 academic adj. 教学的，学术的；学习良好的；纯理论的 *immersive adj.（计算机系统或图像）沉浸式虚拟现实的 engage vt. & vi. 吸引住（注意力、兴趣）；雇用，聘用；与…建立密切关系 twin n. 双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一adj. 双胞胎之一的；成对的，成双的 clone n. 好像一模一样的人，复制品；克隆动物（或植物）vt. 克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 barrier n. 障碍，阻力；屏障，障碍物；分界线，隔阂 boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 fine-tune vt. 对…微调 initial adj. 最初的，开始的n. 首字母 optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰 weed n. 杂草，野草 like weeds 大量 state-of-the-art adj. 使用最先进技术（或方法）的，最先进的 globe n. 球体，球状物；地球仪；地球，世界 satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星 expense n. 费用；开销；开支 at the expense of 在牺牲（或损害）…的情况下 gender n. 性别 envy n. & vt. 羡慕，忌妒 pub n. 酒吧，酒馆 ( 14 / 17 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$