Unit 3 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第三册（译林版2020）

人与社会——中国文化 The future of the world culture，is the revival of Chinese culture.世界文化的未来，就是中国文化的复兴。 THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM：CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite1 the many ups and downs2 in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors3 has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones4 and shells5 on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600－1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects6 and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221－207 BCE)． Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy7, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global8 affairs9, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate10 China’s culture and history through this amazing language. (选自人教版新教材必修第一册　Unit 5) 词汇积累 1.despite/dɪ'spaɪt/prep.即使；尽管 2．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 3．factor/'fæktə(r)/n.因素；要素 4．bone/bəʊn/n.骨头；骨(质) 5．shell/ʃel/n.壳；壳状物 6．dialect/'daɪəlekt/n.地方话；方言 7．calligraphy/kə'lɪɡrəfi/n.书法；书法艺术 8．global/'ɡləʊbl/adj.全球的；全世界的 9．affair/ə'feə(r)/n.公共事务；事件；关系 10．appreciate/ə'priːʃieɪt/vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．mystical　　 A．to include something as part of a group，system，plan etc. 2．mainstream B．involving spiritual，or magical powers or qualities that people cannot understand 3．incorporate C．a piece of writing inscribed on a stone or metal 4．inscription D．the written form of speech，play，film etc. 5．oracle E．a person or book that gives valuable advice or information 6．script F．the most usual way of thinking about something or doing something 答案　1.B　2.F　3.A　4.C　5.E　6.D Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The new type of glue bonds a variety of surfaces in seconds. 2．This kind of tea with a special smell is unique to Yunnan Province. 3．To this day，Yan Zhenqing’s work of calligraphy is copied and admired by many people. 4．In the absence of teachers’ instruction，I don’t know how to combine what I’ve learnt and practice. 5．The famous entrepreneur is familiar with this village，because he used to live there when he was young. 1．How long since people were up to revealing the origin of Chinese characters? A．About 124 years. B．About 100 years. C．About 3,500 years. D．About 5,000 years. 答案　A 2．What can we know from the passage? A．It’s convenient to draw all the things’ concrete images. B．Oracle bone inscriptions are the earliest form of Chinese characters. C．Cang Jie invented the first characters about 3,500 years ago. D．The earliest Chinese characters were the combination of careful observation and striking imagination. 答案　D 3．What’s the right process of the development of Chinese characters? A．Oracle bone inscriptions→Lishu→Kaishu→Xiaozhuan B．Xiaozhuan→Oracle bone inscriptions→Lishu→Kaishu C．Oracle bone inscriptions→Xiaozhuan→Lishu→Kaishu D．Lishu→Oracle bone inscriptions→Xiaozhuan→Kaishu 答案　C 4．Which is the key to promoting the transmission of Chinese culture? A．Clothes. B．Chinese character. C．Silk. D．Chopstick. 答案　B 5．What is the meaning of the word “unbreakable” in the last paragraph? A．Solid. B．Flexible. C．Weak. D．Unchangeable. 答案　A People have begun to reveal the 1.origin(original) of Chinese characters since a scholar in Beijing 2.paid(pay) attention to oracle bone inscriptions in 1899.The inscriptions are highly complex,3.suggesting(suggest) that earlier forms are yet to be discovered.There is no doubt 4.that the earliest Chinese characters were the fruits of our ancestors’ careful 5.observation(observe) and striking imagination.When ancient people found 6.it difficult to express all meanings by drawing a concrete image，they began to create different ways 7.to represent(represent)abstract concepts. Since their creation，Chinese characters have been evolving consistently,8.which increases in practical value as a 9.communicative(communicate) tool.Alongside their evolution，Chinese characters have sustained Chinese civilization over 10.thousands(thousand) of years，linking us to our nation’s past. mass n．块，团；群众，民众；大量，众多 adj.大批的；数量极多的；广泛的 v．聚集；集结 •a mass of/masses of 大量/大批/大堆 in the mass总体上；主要地 •mass media大众传播媒体 On his workbench are a mass of/masses of books and papers.The books are about mass media in the mass. 在他的工作台上有大堆的书籍和文件，书籍主要是关于大众传播媒体的。 apart from 除……外(都)；要不是；除……外(还)；此外；加之 in addition to除了……(还) except for除了……(都) 用以上短语的适当形式填空 (1)Except for/Apart from traffic noise，the night passed peacefully. (2)Apart from/In addition to enjoying the folk art works，visiting this paper-cutting exhibition also makes us learn a lot. have been doing 现在完成进行时 教材原句　Since their creation，Chinese characters have been evolving consistently，increasing in practical value as a communicative tool. 汉字自诞生以来就在不断演变，作为一种沟通工具，其实用价值与日俱增。(P31) 现在完成进行时表示过去发生的动作或状况一直持续到现在，这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚刚结束。该时态多用延续性动词。现在完成进行时由“have/has ＋ been＋现在分词”构成。 现在完成进行时的运用 肯定句：主语＋have/has＋been＋现在分词 否定句：主语＋have/has＋not＋been＋现在分词 一般疑问句：Have/Has＋主语＋been＋现在分词？ 特殊疑问句：疑问代词/疑问副词＋have/has(＋主语)＋been＋现在分词？ (1)It is clipped and hasn’t been working properly for three weeks. 它被夹住了，已有3个星期运作不正常了。 (2)Have you been collecting the alphabets of different editions for long? 你收集各版本的字母表已经很长时间了吗？ (3)You’ve taken your time! What on earth have you been doing? 你可真够慢的！你究竟一直在干什么？ (4)I’ve been trying to find out her telephone number to seek some advice on Latin. 我一直在试图查询到她的电话号码以询问一些有关拉丁语的建议。 Ⅰ.一词多义 character n. A.特征　B.勇气，毅力　C.字母，符号　D.角色；人物 1．As far as I know character is the basis of all leadership. B 2．The mystical murderer is the book’s central character. D 3．To this day much of the programming has still had a distinct social-media character. A 4．To master the language of Latin quickly we need keep track of the last marked character. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．I can，from my computer at home，pull up satellite images of Juan’s village.(2020·江苏) 图像 2．To celebrate the festival my mother prepared some delicious preserve.果酱 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Dance drama is a kind of stage art which fuses(融合) dance，drama and music.There are many excellent original Chinese dance dramas，bringing audience visual feasts.Here are four representatives. The Red Detachment of Women Premiered(首演)：in 1964 The National Ballet of China The dance drama of a story is adapted from the movie of the same name.It narrates the tale of a servant girl growing into a female soldier with firm Communist faith.Combining the Western ballet with Chinese ethnic dances，it is a milestone in the history of Chinese ballet. Dunhuang Dream Premiered：in 2000 Lanzhou Song and Dance Theater Dunhuang Dream is a legendary four-act dance drama which sets the thousands of years’ creation history of Dunhuang art treasure as the background.It follows the storyline of the emotional journey of a poor young painter (Mogao) and the daughter of a senior general (Yueya)． Confucius Premiered：in 2013 China National Opera & Dance Drama Theater The dance drama Confucius is directed by Kong Dexing，a direct descendent of Confucius.The six-part dance drama describes Confucius’ journey of spreading his philosophy and his efforts to preserve traditional culture and history.The dance drama has been staged in a number of countries including the United States，Japan，Italy and Australia. Princess Zhaojun Premiered：in 2016 China National Opera & Dance Drama Theater Princess Zhaojun is an epic stage production that is adapted from a true historical event，bringing to life a household story of one of China’s “Four Great Beauties”，Wang Zhaojun.She helped bring peace to the northern border over 2,000 years ago in the Han Dynasty. 1．Which of the following is the highlight in the history of Chinese ballet? A．The Red Detachment of Women. B．Dunhuang Dream. C．Confucius. D．Princess Zhaojun. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据小标题The Red Detachment of Women下面的第三段末句可知，中国芭蕾舞史上的一大亮点是《红色娘子军》。故选A。 2．When was the dance drama about a legend premiered? A．In 1964. B．In 2000. C．In 2013. D．In 2016. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据小标题Dunhuang Dream下面第一段“Premiered：in 2000”以及第三段首句可知，这部讲述传奇故事的舞剧于2000年首演。故选B。 3．What do Confucius and Princess Zhaojun have in common? A．They have more than one act. B．They are adapted from classical novels. C．They were well-received home and abroad. D．They were staged by the same theatre. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据小标题Confucius下面第二段以及小标题Princess Zhaojun下面第二段可知，这两部舞剧都是由同一家剧院筹划的。故选D。 B Humans evolved from apes.This is what we learned in biology class.But what came before apes？Chinese scientists have discovered fossils that could enrich the evolutionary story of how humans evolved from fish. According to four articles published in the journal Nature in late September，Chinese researchers found fish fossils that provide the “missing link” about the origin of the jaw，a key feature that 99.8 percent of vertebrate(脊椎动物) species have. Zhu Min，a lead researcher of the studies from the Chinese Academy of Sciences，said that the findings drew a large amount of interest in the science world due to the importance of jaws in animal evolution. However，the rise of the jaw had been a mystery due to a lack of sufficient fossil evidence to support that jawed vertebrates lived 450 million years ago. The latest findings made by Zhu’s team presented a set of five surprisingly well-preserved fish fossils that included three whole-bodied fish，helping scientists paint a more accurate evolutionary picture of the origin of the jaw.The fish fossils were discovered at two sites in Chongqing and Guizhou，whose strata(岩层) date back to the Silurian Period that began around 440 million years ago. These fossils show that jawed fish were already thriving(繁荣) in the world’s ancient oceans at that time.Later on，more diverse and larger jawed fish evolved and began to spread around the world，paving the way for some fish to eventually go on land and evolve into other animals—including humans. “These fossils provide an unprecedented(前所未有的) opportunity to peek into the ‘dawn of fish’ and help scientists trace many human body structures back to these ancient fish thus filling some key gaps in the evolutionary history of how fish evolved into humans，” Zhu said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国科学家发现的化石有助于我们更好地了解人类从鱼类进化而来的历史。 4．In which column of a magazine will you most probably read the passage? A．Your Voice. B．Animals. C．Science Study. D．History. 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍中国科学家发现了一些化石，这些化石能丰富有关人类是如何从鱼类进化而来的进化故事。由此可知，本文是关于人类的进化研究，可能出现在杂志的“科学研究”栏目，故选C。 5．Why did the findings draw a large amount of interest in the science world? A．Jaws are a key trait of all vertebrate species. B．Jaws are significant in animal evolution. C．The rise of the jaw had been a mystery. D．There is a lack of sufficient evidence. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容可知，这些发现引起科学界的极大兴趣是因为颌在动物进化中的重要性，故选B。 6．What does the underlined phrase “at that time” in paragraph 6 refer to? A．Around 440 million years ago. B．Around 450 million years ago. C．When fish evolved into humans. D．When jawed fish began to spread around the world. 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。由画线短语所在句句首的“These fossils”并结合代词的指代属性可定位到文章第五段最后一句，“These fossils”指代“The fish fossils”，即在重庆和贵州的两个地方发现的鱼化石，这两个地方的岩层可以追溯到大约4.4亿年前的志留纪。由此可知，“at that time”指的是大约4.4亿年前。故选A。 7．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Who Are Our Ancestors? B．What Came Before Apes? C．The Origin of the Jaw D．Key Gaps in Evolution 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是首尾两段可知，本文主要介绍了中国科学家发现了一些化石，帮助我们更好地了解人类早期的进化历史，能够解答第一段提出的问题“what came before apes？”，故选B。 C Machine learning sees reasoning as a categorization task with a fixed set of predetermined labels.It views the world as a fixed space of possibilities，calculating and weighing them all.This approach，of course，has achieved notable successes when applied to stable and well-defined situations such as chess or computer games.When such conditions are absent，however，machines struggle. In 2008，Google launched Flu Trends，a web service that aimed to predict flu-related doctor visits using big data.The project，however，failed to predict the 2009 H1N1 flu outbreak.After several unsuccessful adjustments to its algorithm(算法)，Google finally stopped the project in 2015. In such unstable situations，the human brain behaves differently.Sometimes，it simply forgets.Instead of getting trapped in irrelevant data，it relies only on the most recent information and makes creative decisions.This is a feature called intelligent forgetting.Adopting this approach，an algorithm that relies on a single data point would have reduced Google Flu Trends’ prediction error by half. Intelligent forgetting is just one dimension of psychological AI，an approach to machine intelligence that also includes other features of human intelligence such as causal reasoning，intuitive(直觉) psychology，and physics.Soon，this approach to AI will finally be recognized as fundamental for solving poorly-defined problems.Exploring these amazing features of the human brain will finally allow us to make machine learning smart. One feature of psychological AI is that it is explainable.Until recently，researchers assumed that the more transparent an AI system was，the less accurate its predictions were.This mirrored the widespread but incorrect belief that complex problems always need complex solutions.Now，this idea will be laid to rest.As the case of flu predictions illustrates，powerful and simple psychological algorithms can often give more accurate predictions than complex algorithms.Psychological AI opens up a new vision for explainable AI: Instead of trying to explain complex systems，we can check first if psychological AI offers a simple and equally accurate solution. Without the help of human psychology，it will become clearer that the application of this type of machine learning to unstable situations eventually runs up against impassable limitations.We will finally recognize that more computing power makes machines faster.Not smarter. 8．Why is Flu Trends mentioned? A．To clarify a concept. B．To tell the serious outbreak. C．To support the author’s idea. D．To provide readers with the truth. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的后两句以及第二段内容可知，提到“流感趋势”是为了支持作者在第一段提出的观点。故选C。 9．What is the advantage of human brain according to the passage? A．It can think outside the box. B．It can avoid unclear problems. C．It is capable of learning over time. D．It is good at following instructions. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段前三句可知，在不稳定的情况下，人类的大脑不会被无关的数据困住，而是只依赖于最新的信息，并做出创造性的决定。由此可推知，人脑的优势是可以跳出思维定式。故选A。 10．Which has the similar meaning with the underlined word “transparent” in paragraph 5? A．Similar. B．Unique. C．Complete. D．Clear. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据第五段第三句可知，“复杂的问题总是需要复杂的解决方案”是错误的。由此可推知，研究人员认为人工智能系统越清晰，其预测就越不准确。故画线词的意思是“清晰的”。故选D。 11．What does the author intend to tell us? A．AI speeds up the computing greatly. B．Psychological AI can make smarter AI. C．AI system works well in stable situations. D．AI will outperform the human brain someday. 答案　B 解析　写作意图题。通读全文以及根据第四段最后一句和最后一段第一句可知，作者想告诉我们心理人工智能可以让人工智能变得更聪明。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Table manners are the ultimate way to show respect or some accidental disrespect to your host. 1 In France，you are supposed to use two hands to eat—either fork and knife or fork and bread.Bread isn’t meant to be an appetizer. 2 When you eat the bread，tear off a piece of it to eat instead of biting directly into the bread.When not in use，the bread belongs on the table or tablecloth instead of the plate. Finishing everything on your plate is a no-no in many Asian countries. 3 Leaving a small amount on your plate symbolizes that you’ve had your fill and acknowledges your host’s generosity. 4 So，tipping，in their culture，is rude.Even if they don’t assume you’re being rude，they can also be very confused by the extra money，thinking you have overpaid.Whether it’s a taxi driver，a server，or a bellhop，don’t tip them.It’s not good manners. Among the local people of China and the Inuit people of Canada，a light burp(打嗝) at the end of a meal is considered a complement(补充)，as it indicates that you’ve eaten well. 5 For this is how food is offered to the spirit of a dead person. A．Instead，it serves to assist the food to the fork. B．It suggests that your hosts don’t feed you enough. C．Many people in Japan believe that good service is standard. D．In Brazil，bread and pizza are normally eaten with a fork and knife，too. E．Here are some of the very specific dining dos and don’ts from around the world. F．You may also drink directly from the soup bowl—spoons，however，are uncommon. G．Furthermore，don’t lick your chopsticks or leave them upright in a bowl of rice. 1．答案　E 解析　空前一句提到了餐桌礼仪是对主人表示尊重或不尊重的最终方式；第二段首句提到了法国的餐桌礼仪。由此可推知，设空处起着承上启下的作用，需要填一个过渡句。E项(以下是来自世界各地的一些非常具体的用餐注意事项)恰好与上下文对应。故选E。 2．答案　A 解析　空前两句提到了面包不是开胃菜，人们可以用面包和叉子来吃饭；下文讲用面包吃饭的方式，说明面包是帮助人们吃饭的工具。A项(相反，它是用来将食物弄到叉子上的)与上文存在转折关系，A项中的it指代bread，the fork对应上文中的fork。故选A。 3．答案　B 解析　空前一句提到了一些亚洲国家的餐桌礼仪——把盘子里的东西吃光是一种禁忌；空后一句则提到了在盘子里留下一小部分食物代表你已经吃饱了并承认主人的慷慨。B项(这说明主人没有给你足够的食物)与上下文对应。故选B。 4．答案　C 解析　设空处位于段首，应能概括本段内容；本段下文提到了小费被认为是额外的支付。由此可知，空处应提到服务是应该的，不需要付小费。C项(许多日本人认为优质的服务是标准)切题。故选C。 5．答案　G 解析　空前一句提到了中国人和加拿大因纽特人的一种餐桌礼仪——餐后轻轻打个嗝被认为是一种赞美；空后一句提到了某种用餐礼仪的原因。G项(此外，不要舔筷子，也不要把筷子竖着放在米饭里)与上下文对应。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$