Unit 2 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第三册（译林版2020）

人与自我——创新创造 Always keep an innovative mind and look at the world with your own eyes，instead of drifting with the tide.始终保持创新意识，用自己的眼光注视世界，而不随波逐流。 SCIENTIFIC1 BREAKTHROUGHS If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands. In just 100 years, the world has changed completely. Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes2 to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones. Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split3 the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century. Here are some of them. One of the 20th century’s premier4 scientists was Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. Subsequently5，“E＝mc2” was born. It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy. Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant—they change according to our experience of them. In 1928, another important finding was made by biologist Alexander Fleming. Before he went on holiday, Fleming left a dish of bacteria in his laboratory. When he came back, he noticed something strange. He double-checked and saw a blue mould6 in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed. This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin7, which Fleming perceived8 could be used to kill bacteria. A few years later, penicillin was being mass-produced and helping to save the lives of millions. Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery. “Nature made penicillin，” he said，“I just found it.” (节选自北师大版新教材选择性必修第四册　Unit 12 ) 词汇积累1.scientific/ˌsaɪən'tɪfɪk/adj.科学(上)的 2．microscope/'maɪkrəskəʊp/n.显微镜 3．split/splɪt/vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分) 4．premier/'premiə/adj.最好的；最重要的 5．subsequently/'sʌbsəkwəntli/adv.后来，随后 6．mould/məʊld/n.霉，霉菌 7．penicillin/ˌpenɪ'sɪlɪn/n.青霉素，盘尼西林 8．perceive/pə'siːv/vt.察觉，注意到，发觉 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．hypothetical　 A．to find the origin or cause of something 2．intuitive B．to cause sth to start or develop，especially suddenly 3．trace C．to prove something false or wrong 4．disprove D．based on feelings rather than on knowledge or facts 5．spark E．a line of light，electric waves or particles 6．beam F．based only on an idea or suggestion about what might happen or might be true and not on a real situation 答案　1.F　2.D　3.A　4.C　5.B　6.E Ⅱ.选词填空 1．Accidents due to driving at high speed are very common at the weekend. 2．When the mind is at rest，we feel peaceful. 3．You can turn to him because he is capable of working out the problem. 4．The idea put forward by the manager at the meeting sparked a circle of arguments in the upper class. 5．The young man was always finding a wide variety of excuses to explain his procrastination，which gave the lady a sense of pseudo-security. 1．What’s the function of the first sentence in the first paragraph? A．To puzzle the readers. B．To introduce the topic. C．To show the writer’s wisdom. D．To prove Albert Einstein’s ridiculousness. 答案　B 2．What’s the meaning of the word “Put” in the second paragraph? A．Say. B．Lay. C．Translate. D．Organize. 答案　A 3．From the first two paragraphs，we can conclude that . A．Albert Einstein asked himself the question in his twenties B．thought experiments refer to the real experiments in the lab C．some factors limit an experimental scenario in the real world D．thought experiments is valueless 答案　C 4．What’s the writer’s attitude to Galileo Galilei? A．Negative. B．Subjective. C．Indifferent. D．Positive. 答案　D 5．Which is not the area where thought experiments are regularly used today? A．Philosophy. B．Economics. C．Sciences. D．Art. 答案　D Thought experiments are experiments 1.carried(carry) out in the laboratory of the mind,2.which means they take place in the imagination.While the term “thought experiment” 3.originated(originate) in the 19th century，the use of thought experiments can be traced much 4.further(far) back，when ancient philosophers used 5.them(they) to explore difficult questions.Thought experiments 6.have made(make) a great difference to the development of scientific theories.With logical reasoning，they are capable 7.of putting forward a new theory and supporting or disproving an 8.existing(exist) theory.By making abstract，complex ideas more concrete and 9.accessible(access)，thought experiments can stimulate debate and lead to a more thorough understanding of the topic 10.in question.So let’s create our own thought experiments. means n．方法；方式；途径 a means of一种……的方式 by this means通过这种方法 by means of用……办法；借助……手段 by all means一定，务必；好的，当然可以 by no means决不，一点也不(置于句首，句子需部分倒装) (1)You’d better practice using chopsticks in advance，which is also a means of showing your good table manners. 你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。 (2)(读后续写之描写决不放弃)No matter how terrible the situation is，by no means should you give up.Only by this means can you search out the trace of the matter.So you should by all means assist your colleagues in keeping the cohesiveness. 无论情况多么糟糕，你决不应放弃。只有通过这种方法，你才能查到这件事的踪迹。所以，你务必帮助你的同事保持凝聚力。 accessible adj.可接近的；可使用的；易懂的；随和的(access n．通道；机会 vt.进入；使用；获取) be accessible to可接近的；可使用的 have/get/obtain/gain access to拥有……的机会；可以接近/进入 give access to准许进入(接近) (1)He usually puts the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it will not be accessible to the kids/to make sure the kids have no access to it.(access) (2)(话题写作之活动安排的益处)我们不仅有机会免费学篮球课程，而且我们学校也会举办各种各样的体育比赛。 Not only do we have/gain/get/obtain free access to basketball courses，but also our school holds various kinds of sports competitions. replace vt.接替；取代；更换；放回原处 replace...with/by...用……替换…… take the place of代替 take one’s place代替 in place of代替 (1)As far as I’m concerned，it is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks. (2)找一个人来代替现在排练中的男主角是不容易的。 ①It would be difficult to find a man in place of the present hero in the rehearsal.(介词短语) ②It would be difficult to find a man to replace the present hero in the rehearsal. ③It would be difficult to find a man to take the place of the present hero/to take the present hero’s place in the rehearsal. while引导让步状语从句 教材原句　While the term “thought experiment” originated in the 19th century，the use of thought experiments can be traced much further back，when ancient philosophers used them to explore difficult questions.虽然“思想实验”一词起源于 19 世纪，但其应用可以追溯到更早的时候，那时的古代哲学家们用思想实验来探索难题。(P16) •while作“尽管，虽然”讲时，引导让步状语从句。 •while作“当……时候，和……同时”讲时，引导时间状语从句。 •while作“只要”讲时，引导条件状语从句。 •while作“然而，而”讲时，连接两个并列句，表示对比关系。 写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思 (1)While traveling can broaden your mind，I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.尽管，虽然 (2)While there is life，there is hope.只要 (3)While you’re in China，Mount Huangshan is a must to visit！(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ) 当……时候 (4)Some tutors have hourly rates as low as roughly $4，while others can charge up to around $80 per hour.然而，而 Ⅰ.一词多义 trace A.vt.追溯，追究　B.vt.描绘，追述，记述　C.n.痕迹，踪迹　D.n.微量，少许 1．Wash them in cold water to remove all traces of sand during the interval. D 2．The police have detected the trace of the murderer after several days of careful quest. C 3．The exhibition traces the history of graphic design in America from the 19th century to the present. A 4．Having learnt of the whole overview，she drew by tracing pictures out of old storybooks. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．She replaced the books after reading and fell asleep.把……放回原处 2．I reasoned that since she had not answered my letter she must be angry with me.推理；推断 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A WANTED Miracle-Ear Hearing Centers are looking for qualified people to test their latest product the Miracle-Ear Genius for FREE! BETTER HEARING EVENT Discreet design，comfort fit and natural sound quality—all wrapped up in our smallest hearing aid ever! HERE’S THE CATCH You must have difficulty hearing and understanding in background noise，and your hearing must fall in the range of the hearing aid.People that are selected will evaluate Miracle-Ear’s latest advanced digital hearing solution—the Miracle-Ear Genius.You will be able to walk into our office and walk out knowing how much help there is for you! Candidates will be asked to evaluate our instruments for 30 days (risk free)．At the end of the 30 days，if you are satisfied with the improvement in your hearing and wish to keep the instruments，you may do so at tremendous saving.But this is only for a limited time! You must schedule your appointment by Jan.20.Don’t wait! NO COST TO BCBS FEDERAL EMPLOYEES That’s Right！No Co-Pay！No Exam Fee！No Adjustment Fee! Federal employees with insurance codes #104，#105，#106，#111，#112 or #113 can receive 2 hearing aids COMPLETELY FREE！Basic plans and federal retirees may be covered. For details and accurate coverage，visit our home page at Miracle-EarHearingCenters.com. 1．Who are the most likely to be selected to test the product? A．People with mental disability. B．People with hearing disorder. C．People with interest in technology. D．People with specific insurance codes. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据HERE’S THE CATCH部分第一段的第一句可知，听力障碍患者最有可能被选中测试这款产品。故选B。 2．What can candidates do after the test? A．Keep the instrument for free. B．Get a job in federal government. C．Enjoy a policy for a discount. D．Have free insurance for their health. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据HERE’S THE CATCH部分第二段的第二句可知，测试结束后参与者可以享受优惠购买该产品。故选C。 3．Where does the passage probably come from? A．A tourist brochure. B．A health guide. C．A medical report. D．An online advertisement. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。综合文章标题、首段和最后一段的网页链接可知，文章可能来自在线广告。故选D。 B An artificial intelligence can decode(解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising—though still limited—accuracy.Using only a few seconds of brain activity data，the AI guesses what a person has heard.It lists the correct answer in its top 10 possibilities up to 73 percent of the time，researchers found in a study. Developed at the parent company of Facebook，Meta，the AI could eventually be used to help thousands of people around the world unable to communicate through speech，typing or gestures，researchers report August 25 at arXiv.org. Most existing technologies to help such patients communicate require risky brain surgeries to implant electrodes.This new approach “could provide a practical path to help patients without the use of invasive methods，” says neuroscientist Jean-Rémi King，a Meta AI researcher in Paris. King and his colleagues trained a computational tool to detect words and sentences on 56,000 hours of speech recordings from 53 languages.The tool，also known as a language model，learned how to recognize specific features of language.With the help of a computational method，the team tried to decode what participants had heard using just three seconds of brain activity data from each person.The team instructed the AI to match the speech sounds from the story recordings to patterns of brain activity that the AI computed as corresponding to what people were hearing.It then made predictions about what the person might have been hearing during that short time，given more than 1,000 possibilities.The correct answer was in the AI’s top 10 guesses up to 73 percent of the time，the researchers found. The new study is “decoding of speech perception，not production，” King notes.Though speech production is the ultimate goal，for now，“we’re quite a long way away.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能的新功能——可以从大脑活动中解码单词和句子，这可以用于帮助全世界数以千计无法通过语音、打字或手势进行交流的人。 4．What is the main idea of paragraph 1? A．The principle of human brain activity. B．The limitation of human brain activity. C．The definition of the artificial intelligence. D．The new function of the artificial intelligence. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段首句“An artificial intelligence can decode(解码) words and sentences from brain activity with surprising—though still limited—accuracy.”可知，第一段主要介绍了人工智能的一项新功能，故选D。 5．Whom might the AI be beneficial to? A．People unable to hear. B．People who can’t move around. C．People who are unconscious. D．People unable to communicate normally. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，人工智能或许对不能正常交流的人有益，故选D。 6．What is the purpose of paragraph 4? A．To analyze the features of the study. B．To state the significance of the study. C．To introduce the process of the study. D．To present the achievement of the study. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，第四段的目的是介绍该研究的过程，故选C。 7．What can we infer about the AI from the passage? A．It performs well in the speech production. B．Its accuracy is far from the researchers’ satisfaction. C．It will help patients avoid dangerous brain surgeries. D．Its language learning ability is beyond expectation. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，人工智能技术不需要给病人脑部做手术植入电极，所以说它能帮助病人避免危险的脑部手术。故选C。 C The deep-sea oil and gas industry has vast and costly facilities to maintain.Wells，other equipment，and thousands of kilometers of pipelines must be inspected and repaired. Now，cutting-edge underwater drones(无人机) and robots are being developed that could make the work safer and cheaper.Among them is Eelume，a six-meter-long，snake-like robot equipped with sensors and a camera at each end.It can be kept at a station at depths of up to half a kilometer for six months，without being brought back to the surface.The robot can travel up to 20 kilometers before needing to return to its station to recharge. Maintenance work at many deep-water wells and pipeline systems is already carried out by unmanned vehicles.But these vehicles typically need to be transported to the offshore site on a fully crewed ship and then remotely operated from the surface ship.That can cost up to $100,000 per day，according to Pål Liljebäck，chief technology officer with Eelume Subsea Intervention，which developed the robot.Liljebäck says that by enabling the robot to become a subsea resident living at a station，it can be mobilized at any time to do inspections，thereby reducing the need for costly surface ships. Eelume can work autonomously on tasks assigned from an onshore control room，and send back videos and data.Its snake-like design allows it to work in small spaces and wriggle(扭动) its body to stay in place in strong currents.By staying under the sea，it can carry out tasks whatever the conditions on the surface of the ocean. The global underwater robotics market is expected to be worth around $7 billion in 2025，according to analysts，and other companies are in the process of commercializing new deep-sea drone and robot technology.Eelume Subsea Intervention will carry out final testing on the seabed later this year at the Asgard oil and gas field.It expects to put its first snake-like robots into use next year and hopes to have up to 50 in oceans around the world by 2027. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了研究人员正在研发一款蛇形机器人，用于深海石油和天然气开采设备的维护。 8．What is one feature of Eelume? A．It can dive as deep as 500 meters. B．It works mainly around the station. C．It works for 6 months after recharging. D．It can travel nearly 40 kilometers before recharging. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段末句可知，该机器人最多可以行走20千米，就需要返回站点充电。由此可知，它在再次充电前可以行走大约40千米。故选D。 9．What is the problem with unmanned vehicles? A．They are too costly to maintain. B．They are hard to operate remotely. C．They require transportation to and from work. D．They have to work on a fully crewed ship all the time. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，这些设备通常需要用一艘整编船只运输到海上现场，然后在海面船只上远程操作。这与C项表述一致。 10．What can be expected of Eelume in the future? A．It will require no further tests. B．It will face a lot of competitors. C．It will be worth around $7 billion. D．It will be put on the market in 2027. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可知，其他公司正在将新的深海无人机和机器人技术商业化。由此可推知，Eelume未来将面临很多竞争对手。故选B。 11．What is the main idea of the passage? A．A snake-like robot is on its way for underwater tasks. B．Eelume is the new choice for constructing pipelines. C．Maintenance work on the ocean floor is risky. D．The unmanned vehicle market has seen strong growth. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段可知，本文主要围绕研究人员正在研发的一款蛇形机器人展开，它可用于深海石油和天然气开采设备的维护。A项可概括文章的主要内容。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 How to Improve Your Memory Can’t find your car keys？Forget your grocery list？You’re not alone.Everyone forgets things occasionally. 1 Consider the following ways to sharpen your memory. Include physical activity in your daily routine. For most healthy adults，the Department of Health and Human Services recommends at least 150 minutes a week of moderate aerobic(有氧的) activity，such as brisk walking，or 75 minutes a week of vigorous aerobic activity，such as jogging—preferably spread throughout the week. 2 Stay mentally active. Just as physical activity helps keep your body in shape，mentally stimulating activities help keep your brain in shape—and might keep memory loss at bay.Do crossword puzzles.Play bridge.Take alternate routes when driving. 3 Volunteer at a local school or community organization. 4 You’re more likely to forget things if your home is messy and your notes are disorganized.Take down tasks，appointments and other events in a special notebook，calendar or electronic planner.You might even repeat each entry out loud as you jot it down to help strengthen it in your memory.Keep to-do lists current and check off items you’ve completed. Manage chronic(慢性的) diseases. Follow your doctor’s treatment recommendations for medical conditions，such as depression，high blood pressure，high cholesterol，diabetes，obesity and hearing loss. 5 In addition，review your medications with your doctor regularly. A．Get organized. B．Learn to play a musical instrument. C．Various medications can affect memory. D．Still，memory loss is nothing to take lightly. E．Set aside a place for your wallet，keys，glasses and other essentials. F．The better you take care of yourself，the better your memory is likely to be. G．If you don’t have time for a full workout，squeeze in a few 10-minute walks throughout the day. 1．答案　D 解析　上文“Everyone forgets things occasionally.”说明每个人都会偶尔健忘，选项D“不过，记忆力丧失是不可轻视的”承接上文，与上文形成转折并引出下文介绍提高记忆力的方法。故选D项。 2．答案　G 解析　小标题“Include physical activity in your daily routine.”和上文说明本段建议生活中应增添体育运动，并给出了建议的时长，选项G承接上文，介绍如果时间不允许，怎样进行体育锻炼。故选G项。 3．答案　B 解析　小标题“Stay mentally active.”和上文建议要保持思维活跃，并进行了举例说明，选项B“学习演奏一种乐器”承接上文，是列举的另一个保持思维活跃的例子。故选B项。 4．答案　A 解析　此处是段落小标题，下文“You’re more likely to forget things if your home is messy and your notes are disorganized.”说明如果家里很乱，没有条理，就容易忘记。选项A“变得有条理”符合本段主题，适合作小标题。故选A项。 5．答案　C 解析　上文谈到要按照医生的治疗建议治疗疾病，选项C“很多药物会影响记忆力”承接上文，说明吃药对记忆力有影响，并引出下文要定期检查，与选项存在因果关系。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$