重难点17 阅读理解之主旨大意题-2025年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（新高考通用）

重难点17 阅读理解之主旨大意题 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 1. 文章选材方面 题材更加丰富多样，涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文等各种文体，主题涉及社会热点、科技发展、文化交流、环境保护、人文历史、健康生活等多个领域，要求考生具备广泛的知识背景。 2. 题目设置方面 更加注重考查考生对文章整体结构和逻辑的把握，不再仅仅局限于对文章首末端的理解，需要考生梳理文章脉络，分析段落之间的关系以及各部分与主旨的关联。 3. 干扰选项方面 干扰项的迷惑性增强，可能是文章中的局部信息错误的主题延伸，或与文章主题相近但不完全准确的表述，容易误导考生。考生需要仔细分析每个选项，准确判断其与文章主旨的契合度，排除干扰项。 4. 能力要求方面 对考生的归纳总结能力要求更高，考生需要从复杂的文章内容中提炼出核心主旨，准确把握作者的意图和态度。同时，越来越注重考查考生的批判性思维，鼓励考生对文章主题进行深入思考和评价，不仅要理解文章表面意思，还要能对文章观点进行分析、判断和评价。 【题型概述】 主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目,因为该类题目不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。题型主要包括标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中找出一些关键词、信息句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。 【题型特点】 1. 主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容深层次的理解、概括能力，它要求在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。 2. 标题归纳类要求学生选出文章的最佳标题，文章大意题和段落大意题考查文章或段落的主旨大意。 【正确选项特征】 1. 涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段。 2. 确定的范围恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小。 3. 精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 4. 含有文章关键词或者有象征意义的事物。 【干扰项特征】 1. 以偏概全：只阐述了局部信息或主题的某一个方面。 2. 过于宽泛：归纳概括过于宽泛，超出了文章实际所讨论的内容。 3. 断章取义：以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 4. 无中生有：与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。 技法一：标题归纳题——高度概括法。 【设题特点】 标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力,要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。 【设问方式】 1.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 2.What can be a suitable title for the text? 3.What is the best title for this passage? 4.The most suitable title of this passage is “ 　　　”.  【思维导图】 [典例](2024全国甲卷,B) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that has been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【解题过程】 第一步　读文章,理清结构: 第一段:介绍猫通过声音和人类交流; 第二段:介绍猫通过嗅觉感知环境; 第三段:介绍猫可以为人类取物。 第二步　析选项,斟酌判断: A 找一只聪明猫的小贴士 无中生有,生搬硬套 B 了解你的猫的行为 涵盖性强,覆盖全文 C 和你的猫玩得开心 无中生有,生搬硬套 D 如何让你的猫保持健康 无中生有,生搬硬套 第三步　对比选项得出答案 [自主解答]　 　  技法二：文章大意题——主题句定位法。 【设题特点】 文章大意题考查考生深层理解文章程度以及在速读中准确定位文章大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的,把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。 【设问方式】 1.What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/text? 2.What does the text/passage mainly focus on? 3.The passage/text is mainly about 　　　.  4.The general/main idea of the passage is 　　　.  5.The passage mainly focuses on 　　　.  【思维导图】 [典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 31.What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【解题过程】 第一步　读文章,概括文意： 第一段:引入关于BMF的话题; 第二段:简单介绍BMF的概念; 第三段:介绍BMF的原理及优点; 第四段:BMF意味着零排放,不会污染环境; 第五段:介绍 BMF员工的环保意识。 第二步　析选项,斟酌判断： A BMF的主要优势 涵盖性强,覆盖全文 B BMF的综合管理 无中生有,生搬硬套 C BMF的全球影响力 无中生有,生搬硬套 D BMF的技术标准 无中生有,生搬硬套 第三步　对比选项得出答案 [自主解答]　 　  技法三：段落大意题——首尾兼顾法。 【设题特点】 段落大意题主要考查考生用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”,即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义,二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架,在框架下判断主旨,准确性更高。 【设问方式】 1.What does the author tell us in paragraph...? 2.The main idea of the second paragraph probably is 　　　.  3.The first paragraph is mainly about 　　　.  4.What is the...paragraph mainly about? 【思维导图】 [典例](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,D) On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 第一步　首尾兼顾定段意: 第一段铺垫背景,点出了文章话题,即Francis Galton的论文和研究揭示了群体智慧效应的现象。第二段则详细解释了群体智慧效应的形成机制,人们估算的误差并不总是相同的,有人倾向于高估,有人倾向于低估,当样本规模足够大的时候,人们之间的误差互相抵消,因此形成了群体智慧效应。因此,第二段借介绍群体智慧效应的形成机制,解释了群体智慧效应的底层逻辑。 第二步　析选项,斟酌判断: A 估计的方法(原文未提及相关内容) 无中生有,生搬硬套 B 这一效应的底层逻辑(精确概括本段核心主旨) 涵盖性强,覆盖全段 C 人们产生误差的原因(原文未提及相关内容) 无中生有,生搬硬套 D Galton实验的设计(原文未提及相关内容) 无中生有,生搬硬套 第三步　对比选项得出答案 [自主解答]　 　  （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：高考真题主旨大意题片段训练】 【片段01】 (2024新课标I卷第26题) Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 【片段02】 (2023新课标I卷第32题) This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 【片段03】 (2022全国甲卷第31题) As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 【片段04】 (2023新高考II卷B篇) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 【类型二：高考真题主旨大意题语篇训练】 【2025·浙江1月卷C篇】A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce storm water runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS 【2025·浙江1月卷D篇】As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it – they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.” Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles – a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand. C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition. 33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey. C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test. 34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task. C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product. C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women. 【2024·九省联考卷】For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament (性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way' that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior, Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy (同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words -- not fists -- to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed. 32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior? A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers. C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games. 33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates. C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules. 34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts. C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid 【类型三：主旨大意题名校好题调研之段落大意题】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist. Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself. When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan? When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98? Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better. It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Why the author became a perfectionist. B．The disadvantage of being a perfectionist. C．How the author got the good grades in school. D．The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother. 2．What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved? A．Blame from parents. B．Desire to get first prize. C．Eagerness to be perfect. D．Pressure of competitions. 3．What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism? A．Losing expectation to succeed. B．Realizing the harm of being perfect. C．Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D．Encountering those accepting imperfection. 4．Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from? A．Parenting Styles. B．Coming-of-Age Stories. C．People of Achievement. D．Challenges Facing Youth. 【调研02】（24-25高三上·甘肃酒泉·期末）A Belgian-British teenage pilot hopes to join his sister in the record books after staring his attempt to become the youngest person to fly around the world solo (独自地) in a small plane. With his parents looking on, 16-year-old Mack Rutherford took off in Bulgaria’s capital, Sofia, in windy but clear conditions. If successful, he would displace (取代) Travis Ludlow from Britain who was 18 when he set the record in 2021. Only several months ago, his 19-year-old sister, Zara Rutherford, set the world record for the youngest woman to fly solo around the world. Born into a family of pilots, Mack Rutherford has flown hundreds of hours with his dad, Sam, who is a professional pilot. His mother Beatrice is a private pilot. Mack’s dream to become a pilot came true in 2020, when he qualified for his license. Now, Mack’s lonely journey will take him to 52 countries. His trip kicked off in Bulgaria, because his sponsor is located in Sofia. The first stop will be in Italy. From there he will fly south to Africa, then he will head north to India, China, South Korea and Japan. He will go on to Alaska and continue along the U.S. West Coast to Mexico. Then he will head north again along the East Coast to Canada, cross the Atlantic, stop in Iceland, the U.K. and finish his journey in Sofia after three to five months depending on the weather conditions. Just like his sister, he will be flying a Shark, a two-seater airplane, which has been specially prepared for such a long journey. Mack, who is trying to find a balance between schoolwork and his flight, said he preferred to make this trip this year, because “I will be quite busy with a lot of exams next term.” 5．What will Mack do? A．Apply for a driving license. B．Fly around the world alone. C．Search for financial support. D．Join his sister on her next travel. 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Mack’s flying route. B．Mack’s world records. C．Mack’s school schedules. D．Mack’s flying roots in his family. 7．What can we learn about Mack during his worldwide journey? A．He will come back in three to five months. B．He took off on a windless and cloudy day. C．He flies a four-seater plane. D．He will start in Italy. 8．What do Mack’s words imply? A．He is fearful of taking exams. B．He has little time for his flight next term. C．He decided to put off his trip till next year. D．He failed to balance schoolwork with his interest. 【调研03】（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）A decade ago, Kari Leibowitz traveled to Tromso, a city located above the Arctic Circle in Norway, to study a curious phenomenon. Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing. In fact, they saw it as a time of opportunity. This positive outlook toward the season is what Leibowitz calls “wintertime mindset (心态)”. She has also observed it among people in her research trips across Scandinavia, the Nordic region, northern Japan and other places with extreme winters. Leibowitz, a health psychologist explains how to hug this attitude in a book published in October, How to Winter, Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark, or Difficult Days. “Winter can be comfortable, magical and refreshing.” she says. “We just need to lead ourselves toward the good things about it. In fact, in a study from 2020, Leibowitz found that the further north people lived the more positive their wintertime mindset was, because they have no choice. When they have such an extreme change between seasons, they need to adjust their behavior and adapt the way they’re living according to the season. This adaptation is really healthy and useful. Many studies have shown that mindsets impact our physical functioning, our emotional health, how we move throughout the world. When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season. The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel refreshed, or the way that the indirect light of winter is really beautiful and extremely well-suited for comfortable activities like reading, baking or writing. 17．What will you experience in the city Tromso? A．You can experience the polar day. B．You can’t see the sun for 2 months. C．You can’t admire the moon for long. D．You can watch the sun rise every day. 18．What is the residents’ attitude toward the long winter in Tromso? A．Depressed. B．Concerned. C．Disappointed. D．Optimistic 19．Which one belongs to Leibowitz’s winter rime mindset? A．Winter is cold, wonderful but uncomfortable and unpleasant. B．People in colder countries don’t understand the magic of winter. C．The more positive your mindset, the more likely you are to enjoy winter. D．People who live in the further north usually don’t like winter. 20．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．The definition of mindset. B．The influence of mindset. C．The attitude towards winter. D．The activities in winter. 【类型四：主旨大意题名校好题调研之文章大意题】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Despite being born without hands, 12-year-old Aubrey Sauvie has never let limitations hold her back. From mastering martial arts (武术) to expressing herself through art, she advances bravely in a world that often prioritizes physical ability. However, her passion for drumming presented a special barrier: how could she hold the drumsticks without slipping out? Aware of Aubrey’s problem, her band director proposed her for Tech Engineering for Kids, a program which is run through a junior-level engineering course of the Tennessee Tech University. It involves students working in teams to design a form of custom assistive technology for children with special needs. Up to now, they have created toys and devices for children with sensory disorder. Learning about Aubrey’s story, a team of ten engineering students of the program decided to create 3D-printed prostheses (义肢) specifically designed for drumming. They would send a certain design to Aubrey, who would then provide feedback, like “I think this is good, but it's a little bit long. Could it be shortened?’ or “It’s a little bit hot on my arm. Could you potentially, like, make it a little bit more breathable?” The team created about six iterations of the prostheses until they were satisfied with the final product, which was not only hard-wearing but also flexible, allowing for drumstick attachments on both arms. This innovation not only improved sound quality but also provided the flexibility needed for advanced drumming techniques. Aubrey was very grateful for this technical solution. “I was really excited that I was going to be able to use the new prostheses and try them out,” she remarked. “They are becoming a very useful and resourceful tool to help me with my drumming.” With her newfound drumming freedom, Aubrey sets her sights on mastering a full drum set. Meanwhile. Tech Engineering for Kids readies itself to extend its reach, bridging the gap between limitations and ambitions through technology. 1．What troubles Aubrey a lot? A．Lacking passion for sports. B．Owning no talent for music. C．Inaccessibility to expert training. D．Inability to operate an instrument. 2．What is Tech Engineering for Kids intended to do? A．Offer engineering courses. B．Design sustainable devices. C．Create personalized adaptive tools. D．Improve overall users’ experience. 3．Which can replace the underlined word “iterations” in Paragraph 3? A．Uses. B．Versions. C．Materials. D．Kinds. 4．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Limitation brings down people’ creativity. B．Ambition fuels the desires of the disabled. C．Science breaks down the barriers among people. D．Technology empowers people to pursue dreams. 【调研02】（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末）Here on the side of Mount Everest, Kaji Bista has spent a decade keeping a lonely watch over a largely abandoned (放弃) scientific laboratory, expecting the world’s highest research station to once again come to life. The laboratory opened in 1990 serving as a special spot for scientists seeking to keep an eye on changing conditions on Earth’s tallest mountain. In 2015, shifting scientific priorities cost the lab most of its funding, and its 15-person team were reduced to just Bista alone. Now, the tall, soft-spoken man spends 10 months a year working to keep the aging lab functioning. “My emotional attachment to the lab … keeps me going,” he said. Bista began working at the station in 2006. He states that it was originally established to settle a disagreement between Italian and U. S. mountaineers over whether Everest or K2 was the world’s tallest. Researchers used GPS measurements to prove Everest was taller, as the Italian climbers insisted. That work finally evolved into a plan, supported by the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) and the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), to develop a facility that could do much more. Climate scientist Sudeep Thakuri says that he is grateful the lab has played an important role in not only his own studies of the region’s glạciers (冰川), but also in studies of regional biodiversity, the long-range transport of pollutants, etc. In response to the appeal of scientists, Suresh Kumar Dhungel a senior scientist at NAST, reports discussions with CNR officials have recently resulted in moves to resume laboratory operations. And Agostino Da Polenza, president of Ev-K2-CNR, says he is working to regenerate lab programs. And his group plans to launch a crowdfunding campaign later to raise more money. Bista does his best to repair those aging instruments. “When I face any problem, I turn to experts in Italy and then act accordingly,” he said. But sometimes it can take months for spare parts to arrive. “I am helpless in this case,” he said. Yet, Bista hasn’t lost hope. “This laboratory will soon be restored,” he said. “This is my belief.” 1．What can we infer about the research station? A．It has set off several disagreements. B．It requires higher maintenance costs. C．It has been fully functioning for years. D．It has been lightly regarded in recent years. 2．What was the station initially intended for? A．Conducting a geographic survey. B．Studying human impact on Everest. C．Providing shelter for mountain climbers. D．Establishing harmony between Italy and the US. 3．Which of the following best describes Bista’s quality? A．Gifted and humorous. B．Brilliant and creative. C．Devoted and optimistic. D．Hardworking and adventurous. 4．What does the text mainly tell? A．Mountaineers fuel debate over Everest. B．Scientific research on Everest matters a lot. C．Scientists make the most of a lab on Everest. D．A lone caretaker struggles to keep a lab alive. 【类型五：主旨大意题名校好题调研之标题概括题】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·江西·期末）The approach is an early example of “self-healing grid (输电网)” technology, which uses AI to detect and repair problems such as power cuts autonomously and without human intervention when issues occur, such as storm-damaged power lines. Although further research is needed before this system can be implemented and scaled to real-world power grids, it is still an exciting development for the nation’s troubled power grid, according to researchers. Power grids worldwide face challenges from increasing extreme weather events, cyberattacks, and rising demand. Therefore, it’s crucial to develop tools that modernize the system and make it more resilient (有适应力的) against future power cuts. The North American grid is a vast, complex network of transmission and distribution lines, generation facilities, and transformers that inefficiently delivers electricity from power sources to consumers. Using various scenarios in test networks, the research team demonstrated that its solution can automatically identify alternative routes to transfer electricity to users before a power cut occurs. Once trained, the AI-driven system can reroute electrical flow in microseconds, vastly outpacing current processes involving classical engineering techniques or human intervention, which can take minutes to hours. Their goal is to quickly find the best path to send power to the majority of users. They use machine learning algorithms on graphs to understand complex relationships in power networks. This helps them see how components are connected and how electricity flows. They also rely on reinforcement learning, where a virtual agent is positioned in a simulation (模拟) environment of the real problem — to systematically play out scenarios and progressively learn from this experience. An example of knowledge gained from such experience would be if a line fault blocks electricity, the system can rearrange using switches and draw power from neighbouring sources, like solar panels or batteries on a university campus or business. After focusing on preventing power cuts, the researchers now aim to develop similar technology to repair and restore the grid following disruptions, like those caused by natural hazards. 1．Why is the North American grid mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To showcase the necessity for grid modernization. B．To illustrate the complexity of modern power networks. C．To emphasize its unique challenges not found elsewhere. D．To show it has adopted “self-healing grid” technology. 2．What is the advantage of the self-healing grid system? A．It allows the power grid to generate more electricity. B．It involves necessary classical engineering techniques. C．It automatically transfers electricity to users on demand. D．It significantly quickens the process of rerouting electricity. 3．How might the system handle a line fault blocking electricity? A．By waiting for human intervention. B．By getting rid of solar panels and batteries. C．By redirecting and using power from nearby sources. D．By using a traditional power distribution mapping system. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Grid Modernization: A Road to Self Healing B．Self-Healing Grid Technology: Full of Potential C．Al-Driven Rerouting: Key to Energy-Efficiency D．Al: Preventing Power Cuts with Machine Learning 【调研02】（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）It is not easy to capture the attention of hundreds of thousands of people, yet, in October 2022, the act of two teens throwing soup at a painting has gained mass recognition online. These teens tended to use this attention to courageously convey an important message: it is time for the world to wake up and stop climate change. These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause. However, the majority of viewers did not respond as expected with some even labeling it a “childish tantrum”. One of the viewers criticized: “there were several ways to get a point crossed. Making a statement with an attempt to ruin or intent of damage to property that is not yours is the silly thing.” “A more productive form of climate change protest would be one that seems more mature in which the audiences and protesters are in the same boat.” He added later. A thoughtful climate protesters should be the ones who adopt more rational ways such as deliver public speeches, which emphasize how climate change is directly affecting public lives including how more and more extreme heat events and deaths are caused by human action, or how our climate will face irreversible (不可逆转的) global warming without preventive measures, start a movement on social media, or implement a climate change curriculum in schools to spread awareness in a more organized manner. That way, people will effectively learn about climate change and respect the information instead of looking down upon them. Moving forward, climate protesters should strive to communicate the urgency of climate change to empower others to take action for the common good rather than do ruins. 1．What can be learned about the two teens from the first two paragraphs? A．They gained recognition on social media for themselves. B．They adopted a childish way to arouse people’s support. C．A minority of viewers didn’t respond as they expected. D．Their initial goal and actions were in the same boat with viewers. 2．The phrase “childish tantrum” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A．a reasonable action B．an immature outburst C．a well-planned strategy D．a meaningful behavior 3．Which of the following may not be included in a public speech according to the passage? A．The effect of climate change on public lives. B．The urgency of climate change to take action. C．The irreversible global warming without measures. D．Online movements and climate change curriculums. 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Teens’ Protest: A Proper Behavior B．Climate Change: An Urgent Concern C．Climate Impact: An Inevitable Topic D．Climate Change Protest: A rational Action 【调研03】（24-25高三上·宁夏石嘴山·期末）Parenting can feel like sailing in an endless sea of choices, styles and ideas, never knowing if you are making the right decision for your child or not. On the one hand, no two children are the same. On the other hand, there must be some similarities or at least some general methods that work for all children and that are worth following. Whether you believe in rigorous boundaries or offering total freedom, it’s all about balance. And that is what lighthouse parenting, the new and modern parenting style that is becoming more and more popular, is all about. Lighthouse parenting, founded by Dr. Ken Ginsburg, is a parenting style that is all about the most important aspects of parenting, such as open communication, according to Parents. Lighthouse parenting, he explained, is about maintaining the balance between providing your child with guidance, love and protection, while also allowing them to make their own mistakes and learn things on their own. Some parenting styles such as helicopter parenting, are less about giving your child freedom and allowing them to experience things on their own. Lighthouse parenting, like the name suggests, believes in being there for your child like a lighthouse is there at night, available and present when needed, however not providing solutions all the time, therefore allowing the child to grow and learn to be independent. According to the Children’s Book Council (CBC), this parenting style is becoming popular as parents are looking for a middle ground in parenting, something that does not add too much pressure on them. There is too much information out there for parents nowadays and it can get overwhelming. Lighthouse parenting seems to be a more reasonable choice. Children that are raised in this style can become healthy, functional adults, as they are given the tools to understand the world and to be well-adjusted. They aren’t scared of making mistakes and also take responsibility for them. Their parents also are less burnt out, as they are able to take a step back and be there for their child more in the background. 1．What does the underlined word “rigorous” mean in paragraph 2? A．Strict. B．Free. C．Consistent. D．General. 2．How does the author explain the parenting styles in paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By justifying assumptions. C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing causes and effects. 3．Why do parents prefer lighthouse parenting according to the CBC? A．It is a new and trendy concept. B．It stops putting additional stress on them. C．It requires minimum effort from parents. D．It ensures kids’ perfect behavior. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Free-range Parenting: The New Parenting Style B．Helicopter Parenting: Overprotective Parenting Style C．Lighthouse Parenting: The Uninvolved Parenting Style D．Lighthouse Parenting: The Balanced Parenting Style 【调研04】（24-25高三上·江西·期末）Everything including 3D printers is bigger in Texas. The Lone Star State will soon be the site of the world’s first 3D-printed hotel, El Cosmico, which has begun construction in the desert north of Marfa. Photos of the site show a large 46.5-foot-wide and 15.5-foot-tall 3D printer laying sand-colored material onto the foundations, creating sand-colored walls. This machine, called the Vulcan, was created by Texas-based 3D printing and robotics company ICON. The project is a cooperation between Liz Lambert, El Cosmico’s owner, ICON and architects at Bjarke Ingels Group. Lambert wants to expand the existing El Cosmico hotel, adding 43 new units and 18 homes on a new 40-acre land. Model images of the hotel’s inside part show cream walls and rounded wooden surfaces full of colors that reflect the surrounding desert. In addition to the hotel, El Cosmico will include several 3D-printed homes, which are now priced for $2.29 million. It’s reported that the hotel units will cost between $200 and $450 per night. The structures’ walls are made of a concrete called “lavacrete”, a particular low-carbon material created by ICON, which has a compressive(压力的) strength of 2,000 to 3,500 pounds per square inch. ICON was founded in 2018, and its technology has since been used to build 3D-printed homes in Texas and Mexico. Besides printing houses and hotels, a few years ago, ICON built Mars Dune Alpha, a 3D-printed environment that copied conditions on the Red Planet’s surface. In 2022, the company got a $57 million contract for their Project Olympus, which is exploring ways to build 3D-printed structures on the moon using locally available materials. Back on Earth, this 3D-printing technology has the potential to help deal with America’s affordable housing problem. In 2020, ICON constructed several houses for the Community First! Village in Austin, a program for people experiencing homelessness. In the future, the expansion of El Cosmico may include affordable housing for hotel staff. Lambert said these plans were “in the background” but still moving forward. Construction on the new hotel is scheduled to conclude in 2026. 1．What is a feature of the 3D-printed hotel? A．It is eco-friendly as well as strong. B．It is surrounded by wooden houses. C．It is out of place from the surroundings. D．It’s the result of a single company’s effort. 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Mars Dune Alpha? A．To recommend a high-end printed hotel. B．To urge people to learn 3D-printed structures. C．To illustrate ICON’s strong technology. D．To push the protection of the environment. 3．What is ICON’s technology intended to do? A．Print food for the homeless. B．Address America’s housing crisis. C．Create smart robots in space. D．Offer hotel staff chances to travel. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．Housing Crisis: A Big Issue in America B．ICON’s Lavacrete: Changing Construction C．ICON: Leading in 3D-Printing Technology D．El Cosmico: A Large Hotel Being 3D-Printed ( 25 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点17 阅读理解之主旨大意题 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 1. 文章选材方面 题材更加丰富多样，涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文等各种文体，主题涉及社会热点、科技发展、文化交流、环境保护、人文历史、健康生活等多个领域，要求考生具备广泛的知识背景。 2. 题目设置方面 更加注重考查考生对文章整体结构和逻辑的把握，不再仅仅局限于对文章首末端的理解，需要考生梳理文章脉络，分析段落之间的关系以及各部分与主旨的关联。 3. 干扰选项方面 干扰项的迷惑性增强，可能是文章中的局部信息错误的主题延伸，或与文章主题相近但不完全准确的表述，容易误导考生。考生需要仔细分析每个选项，准确判断其与文章主旨的契合度，排除干扰项。 4. 能力要求方面 对考生的归纳总结能力要求更高，考生需要从复杂的文章内容中提炼出核心主旨，准确把握作者的意图和态度。同时，越来越注重考查考生的批判性思维，鼓励考生对文章主题进行深入思考和评价，不仅要理解文章表面意思，还要能对文章观点进行分析、判断和评价。 【题型概述】 主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目,因为该类题目不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。题型主要包括标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中找出一些关键词、信息句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。 【题型特点】 1. 主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容深层次的理解、概括能力，它要求在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。 2. 标题归纳类要求学生选出文章的最佳标题，文章大意题和段落大意题考查文章或段落的主旨大意。 【正确选项特征】 1. 涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段。 2. 确定的范围恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小。 3. 精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 4. 含有文章关键词或者有象征意义的事物。 【干扰项特征】 1. 以偏概全：只阐述了局部信息或主题的某一个方面。 2. 过于宽泛：归纳概括过于宽泛，超出了文章实际所讨论的内容。 3. 断章取义：以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 4. 无中生有：与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖。 技法一：标题归纳题——高度概括法。 【设题特点】 标题是文章中心思想的精炼表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力,要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。 【设问方式】 1.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 2.What can be a suitable title for the text? 3.What is the best title for this passage? 4.The most suitable title of this passage is “ 　　　”.  【思维导图】 [典例](2024全国甲卷,B) Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like. Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物).Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that has been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! 27. What is a suitable title for the text? A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 【解题过程】 第一步　读文章,理清结构: 第一段:介绍猫通过声音和人类交流; 第二段:介绍猫通过嗅觉感知环境; 第三段:介绍猫可以为人类取物。 第二步　析选项,斟酌判断: A 找一只聪明猫的小贴士 无中生有,生搬硬套 B 了解你的猫的行为 涵盖性强,覆盖全文 C 和你的猫玩得开心 无中生有,生搬硬套 D 如何让你的猫保持健康 无中生有,生搬硬套 第三步　对比选项得出答案 [自主解答]　 B 　  技法二：文章大意题——主题句定位法。 【设题特点】 文章大意题考查考生深层理解文章程度以及在速读中准确定位文章大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的,把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。 【设问方式】 1.What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/text? 2.What does the text/passage mainly focus on? 3.The passage/text is mainly about 　　　.  4.The general/main idea of the passage is 　　　.  5.The passage mainly focuses on 　　　.  【思维导图】 [典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 31.What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【解题过程】 第一步　读文章,概括文意： 第一段:引入关于BMF的话题; 第二段:简单介绍BMF的概念; 第三段:介绍BMF的原理及优点; 第四段:BMF意味着零排放,不会污染环境; 第五段:介绍 BMF员工的环保意识。 第二步　析选项,斟酌判断： A BMF的主要优势 涵盖性强,覆盖全文 B BMF的综合管理 无中生有,生搬硬套 C BMF的全球影响力 无中生有,生搬硬套 D BMF的技术标准 无中生有,生搬硬套 第三步　对比选项得出答案 [自主解答]　 A 　  技法三：段落大意题——首尾兼顾法。 【设题特点】 段落大意题主要考查考生用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”,即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义,二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架,在框架下判断主旨,准确性更高。 【设问方式】 1.What does the author tell us in paragraph...? 2.The main idea of the second paragraph probably is 　　　.  3.The first paragraph is mainly about 　　　.  4.What is the...paragraph mainly about? 【思维导图】 [典例](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,D) On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 第一步　首尾兼顾定段意: 第一段铺垫背景,点出了文章话题,即Francis Galton的论文和研究揭示了群体智慧效应的现象。第二段则详细解释了群体智慧效应的形成机制,人们估算的误差并不总是相同的,有人倾向于高估,有人倾向于低估,当样本规模足够大的时候,人们之间的误差互相抵消,因此形成了群体智慧效应。因此,第二段借介绍群体智慧效应的形成机制,解释了群体智慧效应的底层逻辑。 第二步　析选项,斟酌判断: A 估计的方法(原文未提及相关内容) 无中生有,生搬硬套 B 这一效应的底层逻辑(精确概括本段核心主旨) 涵盖性强,覆盖全段 C 人们产生误差的原因(原文未提及相关内容) 无中生有,生搬硬套 D Galton实验的设计(原文未提及相关内容) 无中生有,生搬硬套 第三步　对比选项得出答案 [自主解答]　 B 　  （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：高考真题主旨大意题片段训练】 【片段01】 (2024新课标I卷第26题) Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 26.主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 【片段02】 (2023新课标I卷第32题) This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. 32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 32.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。 【片段03】 (2022全国甲卷第31题) As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 31. A。主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 【片段04】 (2023新高考II卷B篇) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 27.主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。 【类型二：高考真题主旨大意题语篇训练】 【2025·浙江1月卷C篇】A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce storm water runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS 【导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、发展、原则及其带来的益处。这种种植方法通过精心规划植物组合，减少人工干预，发挥自然的最大作用，从而创建一个自给自足的生态系统，不仅美观，还能显著提升环境效益。 【解析】 28. B。词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.”以及最后一句中的to garden more like nature does可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing 应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。 29. D。事实细节题。根据第二段首句“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”可知，矩阵式种植的目的是开发维护度极低的公园用地。develop low-maintenance parkland 是plant large areas of parkland ...need minimal maintenance 的同义表达，故选D。 30. C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的adding artistic flavors、playing with color and form、Beautiful、enjoy the smallest detail、the sound of grasses、the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudolf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、Beautiful、enjoy的概括。 31. A。主旨大意题。文章首段开门见山，介绍矩阵式种植方法的理念：减少人工干预，发挥自然的作用。第二、三段介绍这种设计方法的起源和发展，第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则“适地适树”，末段分析这种设计方法带来的益处。据此可知，文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法“矩阵式种植”，A项中WILD 意为“自然生长的”，契合矩阵式种植的理念，故选A。 【2025·浙江1月卷D篇】As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it – they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.” Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles – a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand. C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition. 33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey. C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test. 34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task. C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product. C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women. 【导读】这篇文章探讨了技术产品中的性别化现象，指出去性别化的必要性以及性别在产品设计中的深层含义。 32. A。事实细节题。根据第一段中的People are stereotyping their gendered objects in very traditional ways ... 和Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. 可知，人们以传统方式对有性别特征的物品形成刻板印象，而解决这一问题的简单方法就是将性别元素从新技术中去除，所以让新技术无性别化的目的是减少刻板印象，故A 项正确。 33. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.”可知，Martin 要求参与者对数字语音助手和名为“Miuu”的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性及不区分性别的版本的依恋程度进行评级，由此可推测，这项研究采用了调查法，参与者需要对相关的调查内容作出回应，故B 项符合文意。 34. D。推理判断题。从第四段中的Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it —they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”可知，即便物品名字听起来没有性别区分，人们还是会给它赋予性别，这表明性别观念在人们的思维中根深蒂固，所以很难创造出无性别物品，故D 项正确。 35. B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.”可知，Martin 看到给产品赋予性别有积极的一面，随后举例说明，故B 项正确。 【2024·九省联考卷】For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament (性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way' that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior, Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy (同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words -- not fists -- to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they’re sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they’re refreshed. 32. What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates’ behavior? A. They are interested in acting. B. They are shy with the strangers. C. They are fond of their playmates. D. They are tired of playing games. 33. What does the author suggest parents do for their kids? A. Design games for them. B. Find them suitable playmates. C. Play together with them. D. Help them understand social rules. 34. What is the function of the quoted statements in paragraph 4? A. Giving examples. B. Explaining concepts. C. Providing evidence. D. Making comparisons. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Children Adapt to Changes B. How to Be a Role Model for Children C. How Your Baby Learns to Love D. How to Communicate with Your Kid 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性，并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时，文章还提供了一些建议和方法，帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积极作用，培养他们的同情心和表达能力，学会发展友谊。 32.细节理解题。根据第二段“In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler’s way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend’s behavior.(此外，蹒跚学步的孩子表现出他们喜欢其他孩子的方式与成年人认为的友谊表达方式明显不同。哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为)”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子模仿朋友的行为说明他们喜欢玩伴，故选C项。 33.细节理解题。根据第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社交规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因，当您制定这些指导方针时，请解释其背后的原因)”可知，作者建议家长在孩子的社交生活中设定限制，并且经常提醒孩子们这些限制，也就是社交规则，帮助孩子理解社交规则，故选D项。 34.推理判断题。根据第四段“Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What’s making him so sad?”)(首先帮助孩子学会同情（(本在哭。是什么让他这么伤心?”）)”以及“then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”)(然后建议他如何解决这个问题(“如果你让他打球，也许他会感觉好些。”))”可知，这些引用是通过举例说明这两个建议：帮助孩子学会同情并解决问题，故选A项。 35.主旨大意题。根据第一段“For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation(对很多孩子来说，蹒跚学步是建立友谊的重要时刻。研究表明，孩子们越早学会建立积极的关系，他们在青少年和成年人时期就越善于与他人建立联系。一起玩耍也有助于这些孩子练习社交行为，如友善、分享和合作)”、第三段“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That’s why it’s so important to take an active role in your toddler’s social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社会规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因)”以及最后一段“Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words- not fists-to express how they feel.( 另一种鼓励健康社交的方法是鼓励孩子用语言而不是拳头来表达他们的感受。)”可知，本文主要讲的是家长如何帮助孩子学会爱，学会发展友谊，故选C项。 【类型三：主旨大意题名校好题调研之段落大意题】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist. Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself. When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan? When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98? Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better. It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Why the author became a perfectionist. B．The disadvantage of being a perfectionist. C．How the author got the good grades in school. D．The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother. 2．What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved? A．Blame from parents. B．Desire to get first prize. C．Eagerness to be perfect. D．Pressure of competitions. 3．What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism? A．Losing expectation to succeed. B．Realizing the harm of being perfect. C．Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D．Encountering those accepting imperfection. 4．Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from? A．Parenting Styles. B．Coming-of-Age Stories. C．People of Achievement. D．Challenges Facing Youth. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(在我成长的过程中，我妈妈经常说，不管我在学校取得了什么成绩，只要我做到了最好，她就会为我感到骄傲。然后她又说：“但如果你没有得到A，我就知道你没有尽力。”她说这话时面带微笑，但我却当真了：我不应该满足于任何不完美的东西。我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”可知，第一段主要讲的是作者成为完美主义者的原因。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures.(完美主义就是想要100%完美。目标是零错误，没有失败)”以及第三段“When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question.(当我在五年级世界探险家竞赛中获胜时，我因为错过了一道题而自责)”可知，渴望完美让作者对已经取得的成就不满意。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures.(我遇到了一些人，他们似乎没有被同样的期望所拖累，他们接受自己的错误，把它们视为成长的机会，而不是失败。他们告诉我，不完美是可以接受的，犯错误是人之常情，有时候，最重要的教训来自于我们的失败)”可知，遇到那些接受不完美的人让作者改变了对完美主义的态度。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”以及最后一段“It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism.(在大学期间，我开始质疑这种完美主义的价值)”结合文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。可知，这篇文章可能取自杂志的“成长故事”专栏。故选B。 【调研02】（24-25高三上·甘肃酒泉·期末）A Belgian-British teenage pilot hopes to join his sister in the record books after staring his attempt to become the youngest person to fly around the world solo (独自地) in a small plane. With his parents looking on, 16-year-old Mack Rutherford took off in Bulgaria’s capital, Sofia, in windy but clear conditions. If successful, he would displace (取代) Travis Ludlow from Britain who was 18 when he set the record in 2021. Only several months ago, his 19-year-old sister, Zara Rutherford, set the world record for the youngest woman to fly solo around the world. Born into a family of pilots, Mack Rutherford has flown hundreds of hours with his dad, Sam, who is a professional pilot. His mother Beatrice is a private pilot. Mack’s dream to become a pilot came true in 2020, when he qualified for his license. Now, Mack’s lonely journey will take him to 52 countries. His trip kicked off in Bulgaria, because his sponsor is located in Sofia. The first stop will be in Italy. From there he will fly south to Africa, then he will head north to India, China, South Korea and Japan. He will go on to Alaska and continue along the U.S. West Coast to Mexico. Then he will head north again along the East Coast to Canada, cross the Atlantic, stop in Iceland, the U.K. and finish his journey in Sofia after three to five months depending on the weather conditions. Just like his sister, he will be flying a Shark, a two-seater airplane, which has been specially prepared for such a long journey. Mack, who is trying to find a balance between schoolwork and his flight, said he preferred to make this trip this year, because “I will be quite busy with a lot of exams next term.” 5．What will Mack do? A．Apply for a driving license. B．Fly around the world alone. C．Search for financial support. D．Join his sister on her next travel. 6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Mack’s flying route. B．Mack’s world records. C．Mack’s school schedules. D．Mack’s flying roots in his family. 7．What can we learn about Mack during his worldwide journey? A．He will come back in three to five months. B．He took off on a windless and cloudy day. C．He flies a four-seater plane. D．He will start in Italy. 8．What do Mack’s words imply? A．He is fearful of taking exams. B．He has little time for his flight next term. C．He decided to put off his trip till next year. D．He failed to balance schoolwork with his interest. 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一位比利时裔英国少年飞行员麦克·卢瑟福尝试独自驾驶小型飞机环球飞行，有望打破最年轻环球飞行者纪录的新闻。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“A Belgian-British teenage pilot hopes to join his sister in the record books after staring his attempt to become the youngest person to fly around the world solo (独自地) in a small plane.(一名比利时裔英国少年飞行员开始尝试成为独自驾驶小型飞机环游世界的最年轻的人，他希望能和妹妹一起载入世界纪录)”可知，麦克独自环游世界。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据第三段“His trip kicked off in Bulgaria, because his sponsor is located in Sofia. The first stop will be in Italy. From there he will fly south to Africa, then he will head north to India, China, South Korea and Japan. He will go on to Alaska and continue along the U.S. West Coast to Mexico. Then he will head north again along the East Coast to Canada, cross the Atlantic, stop in Iceland, the U.K. and finish his journey in Sofia after three to five months depending on the weather conditions.(他的旅行从保加利亚开始，因为他的赞助人在索非亚。第一站将是意大利。从那里，他将向南飞往非洲，然后向北前往印度、中国、韩国和日本。他将继续前往阿拉斯加，然后沿着美国西海岸继续前往墨西哥。然后，他将沿着东海岸向北前往加拿大，穿越大西洋，在冰岛和英国停留，并根据天气情况在三到五个月后在索非亚结束他的旅程)”可知，第三段主要讲了麦克的飞行路线。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Then he will head north again along the East Coast to Canada, cross the Atlantic, stop in Iceland, the U.K. and finish his journey in Sofia after three to five months depending on the weather conditions.(然后，他将沿着东海岸向北前往加拿大，穿越大西洋，在冰岛和英国停留，并根据天气情况在三到五个月后在索非亚结束他的旅程)”可知，麦克将在三到五个月后回来。故选A。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mack, who is trying to find a balance between schoolwork and his flight, said he preferred to make this trip this year, because “I will be quite busy with a lot of exams next term.”(麦克正在努力在学业和飞行之间找到平衡，他说他更愿意今年去旅行，因为“下学期我将忙于很多考试。”)”可知，麦克下学期要忙于很多考试，所以他下学期几乎没有时间飞行，故选B。 【调研03】（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）A decade ago, Kari Leibowitz traveled to Tromso, a city located above the Arctic Circle in Norway, to study a curious phenomenon. Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing. In fact, they saw it as a time of opportunity. This positive outlook toward the season is what Leibowitz calls “wintertime mindset (心态)”. She has also observed it among people in her research trips across Scandinavia, the Nordic region, northern Japan and other places with extreme winters. Leibowitz, a health psychologist explains how to hug this attitude in a book published in October, How to Winter, Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark, or Difficult Days. “Winter can be comfortable, magical and refreshing.” she says. “We just need to lead ourselves toward the good things about it. In fact, in a study from 2020, Leibowitz found that the further north people lived the more positive their wintertime mindset was, because they have no choice. When they have such an extreme change between seasons, they need to adjust their behavior and adapt the way they’re living according to the season. This adaptation is really healthy and useful. Many studies have shown that mindsets impact our physical functioning, our emotional health, how we move throughout the world. When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season. The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel refreshed, or the way that the indirect light of winter is really beautiful and extremely well-suited for comfortable activities like reading, baking or writing. 17．What will you experience in the city Tromso? A．You can experience the polar day. B．You can’t see the sun for 2 months. C．You can’t admire the moon for long. D．You can watch the sun rise every day. 18．What is the residents’ attitude toward the long winter in Tromso? A．Depressed. B．Concerned. C．Disappointed. D．Optimistic 19．Which one belongs to Leibowitz’s winter rime mindset? A．Winter is cold, wonderful but uncomfortable and unpleasant. B．People in colder countries don’t understand the magic of winter. C．The more positive your mindset, the more likely you are to enjoy winter. D．People who live in the further north usually don’t like winter. 20．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．The definition of mindset. B．The influence of mindset. C．The attitude towards winter. D．The activities in winter. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主讲述了健康心理学家Leibowitz通过自己去北极的经历并通过多年的研究表明：越是生活在寒冷地方的人们，他们对冬天的心态越是健康。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing.(虽然这座城市经历了极夜，一年中有两个月太阳不会在地平线上升起的黑暗时期，但它的居民并不倾向于认为漫长的冬天令人沮丧)”可知，你会在特罗姆瑟体验到2个月看不到太阳。故选B。 18．推理判断题。根据第一段“Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing. In fact, they saw it as a time of opportunity. (虽然这座城市经历了极夜，一年中有两个月太阳不会在地平线上升起的黑暗时期，但它的居民并不倾向于认为漫长的冬天令人沮丧。事实上，他们认为这是一个机会的时间)”可知他们的态度是非常积极和乐观的。故选D。 19．推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, in a study from 2020, Leibowitz found that the further north people lived the more positive their wintertime mindset was, because they have no choice.(事实上，在2020年的一项研究中，莱博维茨发现，住得越靠北的人冬天的心态就越积极，因为他们别无选择)”和第五段“When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season.(当你的心态是冬天是美好的，你更有可能注意到并专注于你在这个季节喜欢的事情)”可知，莱博维茨的冬季心态是你的心态越积极，你就越有可能享受冬天。故选C。 20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Many studies have shown that mindsets impact our physical functioning, our emotional health, how we move throughout the world. When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season. The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel refreshed, or the way that the indirect light of winter is really beautiful and extremely well-suited for comfortable activities like reading, baking or writing.(许多研究表明，心态会影响我们的身体机能、情绪健康，以及我们在世界上的行动方式。当你的心态是冬天是美好的，你更有可能注意到并专注于你在这个季节喜欢的事情。冬天晚上的散步让你感觉神清气爽，或者冬天的间接光线真的很美，非常适合阅读、烘焙或写作等舒适的活动)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了心态的影响力。故选B。 【类型四：主旨大意题名校好题调研之文章大意题】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Despite being born without hands, 12-year-old Aubrey Sauvie has never let limitations hold her back. From mastering martial arts (武术) to expressing herself through art, she advances bravely in a world that often prioritizes physical ability. However, her passion for drumming presented a special barrier: how could she hold the drumsticks without slipping out? Aware of Aubrey’s problem, her band director proposed her for Tech Engineering for Kids, a program which is run through a junior-level engineering course of the Tennessee Tech University. It involves students working in teams to design a form of custom assistive technology for children with special needs. Up to now, they have created toys and devices for children with sensory disorder. Learning about Aubrey’s story, a team of ten engineering students of the program decided to create 3D-printed prostheses (义肢) specifically designed for drumming. They would send a certain design to Aubrey, who would then provide feedback, like “I think this is good, but it's a little bit long. Could it be shortened?’ or “It’s a little bit hot on my arm. Could you potentially, like, make it a little bit more breathable?” The team created about six iterations of the prostheses until they were satisfied with the final product, which was not only hard-wearing but also flexible, allowing for drumstick attachments on both arms. This innovation not only improved sound quality but also provided the flexibility needed for advanced drumming techniques. Aubrey was very grateful for this technical solution. “I was really excited that I was going to be able to use the new prostheses and try them out,” she remarked. “They are becoming a very useful and resourceful tool to help me with my drumming.” With her newfound drumming freedom, Aubrey sets her sights on mastering a full drum set. Meanwhile. Tech Engineering for Kids readies itself to extend its reach, bridging the gap between limitations and ambitions through technology. 1．What troubles Aubrey a lot? A．Lacking passion for sports. B．Owning no talent for music. C．Inaccessibility to expert training. D．Inability to operate an instrument. 2．What is Tech Engineering for Kids intended to do? A．Offer engineering courses. B．Design sustainable devices. C．Create personalized adaptive tools. D．Improve overall users’ experience. 3．Which can replace the underlined word “iterations” in Paragraph 3? A．Uses. B．Versions. C．Materials. D．Kinds. 4．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Limitation brings down people’ creativity. B．Ambition fuels the desires of the disabled. C．Science breaks down the barriers among people. D．Technology empowers people to pursue dreams. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述天生无手的奥布里热爱打鼓却握不住鼓槌，工程团队为其设计3D假肢，助她逐梦，体现技术赋能梦想。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, her passion for drumming presented a special barrier: how could she hold the drumsticks without slipping out?(然而，她对打鼓的热情却遇到了一个特殊的障碍：她怎样才能握住鼓槌而不滑落呢？)”可知，奥布里困扰的是无法操作打鼓这一乐器。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It involves students working in teams to design a form of custom assistive technology for children with special needs.(它让学生们以团队形式为有特殊需求的儿童设计一种定制的辅助技术。)”可知，“Tech Engineering for Kids”旨在为有特殊需求的孩子设计个性化的适应性工具。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句“The team created about six iterations of the prostheses until they were satisfied with the final product, which was not only hard-wearing but also flexible, allowing for drumstick attachments on both arms.(这个团队制作了大约六个____的假肢，直到他们对最终产品感到满意，这个最终产品不仅耐用而且灵活，能够在两只手臂上安装鼓槌。)”以及前文提到奥布里会对设计给出反馈，如长度、透气性等，可推知团队是在不断改进设计，这里指制作了六个不同“版本”的假肢，最后一个版本才灵活耐用，令人满意。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，12 岁的奥布里天生没有双手，对打鼓的热爱却因无法握住鼓槌受阻，“Tech Engineering for Kids”项目的学生团队通过技术为她设计出合适的假肢，助力她追逐打鼓梦想，并根据最后一段最后一句“Meanwhile. Tech Engineering for Kids readies itself to extend its reach, bridging the gap between limitations and ambitions through technology.(与此同时，‘Tech Engineering for Kids’准备扩大其影响力，通过技术弥合限制与抱负之间的差距。)”可知，文章主要讲述了技术赋予人们追求梦想的力量。故选D项。 【调研02】（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期末）Here on the side of Mount Everest, Kaji Bista has spent a decade keeping a lonely watch over a largely abandoned (放弃) scientific laboratory, expecting the world’s highest research station to once again come to life. The laboratory opened in 1990 serving as a special spot for scientists seeking to keep an eye on changing conditions on Earth’s tallest mountain. In 2015, shifting scientific priorities cost the lab most of its funding, and its 15-person team were reduced to just Bista alone. Now, the tall, soft-spoken man spends 10 months a year working to keep the aging lab functioning. “My emotional attachment to the lab … keeps me going,” he said. Bista began working at the station in 2006. He states that it was originally established to settle a disagreement between Italian and U. S. mountaineers over whether Everest or K2 was the world’s tallest. Researchers used GPS measurements to prove Everest was taller, as the Italian climbers insisted. That work finally evolved into a plan, supported by the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) and the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), to develop a facility that could do much more. Climate scientist Sudeep Thakuri says that he is grateful the lab has played an important role in not only his own studies of the region’s glạciers (冰川), but also in studies of regional biodiversity, the long-range transport of pollutants, etc. In response to the appeal of scientists, Suresh Kumar Dhungel a senior scientist at NAST, reports discussions with CNR officials have recently resulted in moves to resume laboratory operations. And Agostino Da Polenza, president of Ev-K2-CNR, says he is working to regenerate lab programs. And his group plans to launch a crowdfunding campaign later to raise more money. Bista does his best to repair those aging instruments. “When I face any problem, I turn to experts in Italy and then act accordingly,” he said. But sometimes it can take months for spare parts to arrive. “I am helpless in this case,” he said. Yet, Bista hasn’t lost hope. “This laboratory will soon be restored,” he said. “This is my belief.” 1．What can we infer about the research station? A．It has set off several disagreements. B．It requires higher maintenance costs. C．It has been fully functioning for years. D．It has been lightly regarded in recent years. 2．What was the station initially intended for? A．Conducting a geographic survey. B．Studying human impact on Everest. C．Providing shelter for mountain climbers. D．Establishing harmony between Italy and the US. 3．Which of the following best describes Bista’s quality? A．Gifted and humorous. B．Brilliant and creative. C．Devoted and optimistic. D．Hardworking and adventurous. 4．What does the text mainly tell? A．Mountaineers fuel debate over Everest. B．Scientific research on Everest matters a lot. C．Scientists make the most of a lab on Everest. D．A lone caretaker struggles to keep a lab alive. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Bista是如何让一个基本废弃的科学实验室维持运转的。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here on the side of Mount Everest, Kaji Bista has spent a decade keeping a lonely watch over a largely abandoned (放弃) scientific laboratory, expecting the world’s highest research station to once again come to life.(在珠穆朗玛峰的一侧，Kaji Bista花了十年的时间独自看守着一个基本废弃的科学实验室，期待着这个世界上最高的研究站再次焕发生机)”可知，这个研究站基本被废弃了，说明它最近没有被重视。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Bista began working at the station in 2006. He states that it was originally established to settle a disagreement between Italian and U. S. mountaineers over whether Everest or K2 was the world’s tallest.(Bista 2006年开始在研究站工作。他说，它最初是为了解决意大利和美国登山家之间关于珠穆朗玛峰和乔戈里峰哪个是世界上最高的分歧而建立的)”可知，这个研究站最初是为了地理调查而建立的。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Here on the side of Mount Everest, Kaji Bista has spent a decade keeping a lonely watch over a largely abandoned (放弃) scientific laboratory, expecting the world’s highest research station to once again come to life.(在珠穆朗玛峰的一侧，Kaji Bista花了十年的时间独自看守着一个基本废弃的科学实验室，期待着这个世界上最高的研究站再次焕发生机)”和第二段的句子““My emotional attachment to the lab … keeps me going,” he said.(我对实验室的情感依恋……让我坚持下去，”他说)”可以看出Bista对实验室的忠诚与坚守。根据最后一段的句子“Yet, Bista hasn’t lost hope. “This laboratory will soon be restored,” he said. “This is my belief.”(然而，Bista并没有失去希望。“这个实验室很快就会恢复，”他说。“这是我的信念。”)”可知，Bista很乐观。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段“Here on the side of Mount Everest, Kaji Bista has spent a decade keeping a lonely watch over a largely abandoned (放弃) scientific laboratory, expecting the world’s highest research station to once again come to life.(在珠穆朗玛峰的一侧，Kaji Bista花了十年的时间独自看守着一个基本废弃的科学实验室，期待着这个世界上最高的研究站再次焕发生机)”和最后一段“Bista does his best to repair those aging instruments. “When I face any problem, I turn to experts in Italy and then act accordingly,” he said. But sometimes it can take months for spare parts to arrive. “I am helpless in this case,” he said. Yet, Bista hasn’t lost hope. “This laboratory will soon be restored,” he said. “This is my belief.”(Bista尽力修理那些老化的仪器。“当我遇到任何问题时，我会求助于意大利的专家，然后采取相应的行动，”他说。但有时备件可能需要几个月的时间才能到达。“在这种情况下，我无能为力，”他说。然而，Bista并没有失去希望。“这个实验室很快就会恢复，”他说。“这是我的信念。”)”可知，本文主要讲述了Bista是如何让一个基本废弃的科学实验室维持运转的。所以，D项“A lone caretaker struggles to keep a lab alive.(一个孤独的管理员努力维持实验室的生存)”可以概况本文的主要内容。故选D项。 【类型五：主旨大意题名校好题调研之标题概括题】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·江西·期末）The approach is an early example of “self-healing grid (输电网)” technology, which uses AI to detect and repair problems such as power cuts autonomously and without human intervention when issues occur, such as storm-damaged power lines. Although further research is needed before this system can be implemented and scaled to real-world power grids, it is still an exciting development for the nation’s troubled power grid, according to researchers. Power grids worldwide face challenges from increasing extreme weather events, cyberattacks, and rising demand. Therefore, it’s crucial to develop tools that modernize the system and make it more resilient (有适应力的) against future power cuts. The North American grid is a vast, complex network of transmission and distribution lines, generation facilities, and transformers that inefficiently delivers electricity from power sources to consumers. Using various scenarios in test networks, the research team demonstrated that its solution can automatically identify alternative routes to transfer electricity to users before a power cut occurs. Once trained, the AI-driven system can reroute electrical flow in microseconds, vastly outpacing current processes involving classical engineering techniques or human intervention, which can take minutes to hours. Their goal is to quickly find the best path to send power to the majority of users. They use machine learning algorithms on graphs to understand complex relationships in power networks. This helps them see how components are connected and how electricity flows. They also rely on reinforcement learning, where a virtual agent is positioned in a simulation (模拟) environment of the real problem — to systematically play out scenarios and progressively learn from this experience. An example of knowledge gained from such experience would be if a line fault blocks electricity, the system can rearrange using switches and draw power from neighbouring sources, like solar panels or batteries on a university campus or business. After focusing on preventing power cuts, the researchers now aim to develop similar technology to repair and restore the grid following disruptions, like those caused by natural hazards. 1．Why is the North American grid mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To showcase the necessity for grid modernization. B．To illustrate the complexity of modern power networks. C．To emphasize its unique challenges not found elsewhere. D．To show it has adopted “self-healing grid” technology. 2．What is the advantage of the self-healing grid system? A．It allows the power grid to generate more electricity. B．It involves necessary classical engineering techniques. C．It automatically transfers electricity to users on demand. D．It significantly quickens the process of rerouting electricity. 3．How might the system handle a line fault blocking electricity? A．By waiting for human intervention. B．By getting rid of solar panels and batteries. C．By redirecting and using power from nearby sources. D．By using a traditional power distribution mapping system. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Grid Modernization: A Road to Self Healing B．Self-Healing Grid Technology: Full of Potential C．Al-Driven Rerouting: Key to Energy-Efficiency D．Al: Preventing Power Cuts with Machine Learning 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了研究人员开发了一种使用AI技术的“自愈电网”技术，能够自动检测和修复电力故障，如暴风雨损坏的电线。该技术在测试网络中表现出色，能迅速重新分配电力流向，尽管在将这个系统应用于实际电网之前还需要进一步的研究，但研究人员表示，这对于国家问题重重的电网来说仍然是一个令人兴奋的进展。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Power grids worldwide face challenges from increasing extreme weather events, cyberattacks, and rising demand. Therefore, it’s crucial to develop tools that modernize the system and make it more resilient (有适应力的) against future power cuts. (全球电网面临极端天气事件增多、网络攻击和需求上升等挑战。因此，开发现代化工具以增强系统对未来断电的适应力至关重要)”可知，提及北美电网是以此为例，呼应上文，表明更新电网的必要性。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Once trained, the AI-driven system can reroute electrical flow in microseconds, vastly outpacing current processes involving classical engineering techniques or human intervention, which can take minutes to hours. (一旦经过训练，这个由AI驱动的系统可以在微秒内重新路由电流，在速度上大大超过当前涉及传统工程技术或人为干预的流程，这些流程可能需要几分钟到几小时)”可知，自愈电网的优势在于它显著加快了重新路由电力的过程。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“An example of knowledge gained from such experience would be if a line fault blocks electricity, the system can rearrange using switches and draw power from neighbouring sources, like solar panels or batteries on a university campus or business. (从这样的经验中获得的一个例子是，如果线路故障导致电力中断，系统可以通过开关重新配置，并从邻近来源获取电力，比如大学校园或企业上的太阳能电池板或电池)”可知，当系统处理线路故障阻断电力时，它会通过重定向和使用附近来源的电力来应对。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The approach is an early example of “self-healing grid (输电网)” technology, which uses AI to detect and repair problems such as power cuts autonomously and without human intervention when issues occur, such as storm-damaged power lines.(这种方法是“自我修复电网”技术的早期例子，该技术利用人工智能自动检测和修复停电等问题，并且在风暴损坏电线等问题发生时无需人工干预)”结合本文介绍了研究人员开发了一种使用AI技术的“自愈电网”技术，能够自动检测和修复电力故障，如暴风雨损坏的电线。该技术在测试网络中表现出色，能迅速重新分配电力流向，尽管在将这个系统应用于实际电网之前还需要进一步的研究，但研究人员表示，这对于国家问题重重的电网来说仍然是一个令人兴奋的进展。故B选项“自愈电网技术：潜力巨大”最符合文章标题。故选B。 【调研02】（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）It is not easy to capture the attention of hundreds of thousands of people, yet, in October 2022, the act of two teens throwing soup at a painting has gained mass recognition online. These teens tended to use this attention to courageously convey an important message: it is time for the world to wake up and stop climate change. These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause. However, the majority of viewers did not respond as expected with some even labeling it a “childish tantrum”. One of the viewers criticized: “there were several ways to get a point crossed. Making a statement with an attempt to ruin or intent of damage to property that is not yours is the silly thing.” “A more productive form of climate change protest would be one that seems more mature in which the audiences and protesters are in the same boat.” He added later. A thoughtful climate protesters should be the ones who adopt more rational ways such as deliver public speeches, which emphasize how climate change is directly affecting public lives including how more and more extreme heat events and deaths are caused by human action, or how our climate will face irreversible (不可逆转的) global warming without preventive measures, start a movement on social media, or implement a climate change curriculum in schools to spread awareness in a more organized manner. That way, people will effectively learn about climate change and respect the information instead of looking down upon them. Moving forward, climate protesters should strive to communicate the urgency of climate change to empower others to take action for the common good rather than do ruins. 1．What can be learned about the two teens from the first two paragraphs? A．They gained recognition on social media for themselves. B．They adopted a childish way to arouse people’s support. C．A minority of viewers didn’t respond as they expected. D．Their initial goal and actions were in the same boat with viewers. 2．The phrase “childish tantrum” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A．a reasonable action B．an immature outburst C．a well-planned strategy D．a meaningful behavior 3．Which of the following may not be included in a public speech according to the passage? A．The effect of climate change on public lives. B．The urgency of climate change to take action. C．The irreversible global warming without measures. D．Online movements and climate change curriculums. 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Teens’ Protest: A Proper Behavior B．Climate Change: An Urgent Concern C．Climate Impact: An Inevitable Topic D．Climate Change Protest: A rational Action 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文中是关于2022年10月两名青少年向名画泼汤来抗议气候变化的论述。文章主要说明了由不理性的抗议方式引发思考，认为气候抗议的方式应当理性、考虑周到。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“These teens tended to use this attention to courageously convey an important message: it is time for the world to wake up and stop climate change. These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause. However, the majority of viewers did not respond as expected with some even labeling it a “childish tantrum”.(这些青少年倾向于利用这种关注勇敢地传达一个重要信息：世界是时候觉醒并阻止气候变化了。这两位气候抗议者的目的是激怒世界各地的人们来支持他们的事业。然而，大多数观众的反应并不像预期的那样，有些人甚至将其称为“孩子气的发脾气”)”可知，这两个青少年采用幼稚的方式来唤起人们的支持。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause.(这两位气候抗议者的目的是激怒世界各地的人们来支持他们的事业)”以及最后一句中的However，表明前后句意思相反，并且结合第一段中用汤泼画的行为可知，这两位气候抗议者的目的是激怒世界各地的人们来支持他们的事业，然而，大多数观众的反应并不像预期的那样，有些人甚至将其称为“情绪不成熟的发脾气”。故可推测划线单词的意思是“情绪不成熟的爆发”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“A thoughtful climate protesters should be the ones who adopt more rational ways such as deliver public speeches, which emphasize how climate change is directly affecting public lives including how more and more extreme heat events and deaths are caused by human action, or how our climate will face irreversible (不可逆转的) global warming without preventive measures, start a movement on social media, or implement a climate change curriculum in schools to spread awareness in a more organized manner.(有思想的气候抗议者应该采取更理性的方式，比如通过公开演讲，强调气候变化如何直接影响公众生活，比如人类活动导致越来越多的极端高温事件和死亡，或者如果没有预防措施，我们的气候将如何面临不可逆转的全球变暖，在社交媒体上发起运动，或者在学校里实施气候变化课程，以更有组织的方式传播意识)”可知，在线运动和气候变化课程不包括在公开演讲中。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“A more productive form of climate change protest would be one that seems more mature in which the audiences and protesters are in the same boat.(一种更有成效的气候变化抗议形式应该是一种看起来更成熟的形式，即观众和抗议者站在同一条船上)”以及文章主要说明了由不理性的抗议方式引发思考，认为气候抗议的方式应当理性、考虑周到。故D选项“气候变化抗议：一种理性的行动”最符合文章标题。故选D。 【调研03】（24-25高三上·宁夏石嘴山·期末）Parenting can feel like sailing in an endless sea of choices, styles and ideas, never knowing if you are making the right decision for your child or not. On the one hand, no two children are the same. On the other hand, there must be some similarities or at least some general methods that work for all children and that are worth following. Whether you believe in rigorous boundaries or offering total freedom, it’s all about balance. And that is what lighthouse parenting, the new and modern parenting style that is becoming more and more popular, is all about. Lighthouse parenting, founded by Dr. Ken Ginsburg, is a parenting style that is all about the most important aspects of parenting, such as open communication, according to Parents. Lighthouse parenting, he explained, is about maintaining the balance between providing your child with guidance, love and protection, while also allowing them to make their own mistakes and learn things on their own. Some parenting styles such as helicopter parenting, are less about giving your child freedom and allowing them to experience things on their own. Lighthouse parenting, like the name suggests, believes in being there for your child like a lighthouse is there at night, available and present when needed, however not providing solutions all the time, therefore allowing the child to grow and learn to be independent. According to the Children’s Book Council (CBC), this parenting style is becoming popular as parents are looking for a middle ground in parenting, something that does not add too much pressure on them. There is too much information out there for parents nowadays and it can get overwhelming. Lighthouse parenting seems to be a more reasonable choice. Children that are raised in this style can become healthy, functional adults, as they are given the tools to understand the world and to be well-adjusted. They aren’t scared of making mistakes and also take responsibility for them. Their parents also are less burnt out, as they are able to take a step back and be there for their child more in the background. 1．What does the underlined word “rigorous” mean in paragraph 2? A．Strict. B．Free. C．Consistent. D．General. 2．How does the author explain the parenting styles in paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By justifying assumptions. C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing causes and effects. 3．Why do parents prefer lighthouse parenting according to the CBC? A．It is a new and trendy concept. B．It stops putting additional stress on them. C．It requires minimum effort from parents. D．It ensures kids’ perfect behavior. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Free-range Parenting: The New Parenting Style B．Helicopter Parenting: Overprotective Parenting Style C．Lighthouse Parenting: The Uninvolved Parenting Style D．Lighthouse Parenting: The Balanced Parenting Style 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了灯塔式育儿这一新的育儿方式，强调平衡，开放沟通和适度指导。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…boundaries or offering total freedom, it’s all about balance.(……界限还是提供完全的自由，这都是关于平衡的。)”可知，此句表明rigorous boundaries和offering total freedom是相对的概念，total freedom表示完全自由，那么与之相对的rigorous应表示严格，即严格的界限，A选项“Strict（严格的）”符合语境。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Some parenting styles such as helicopter parenting, are less about giving your child freedom and allowing them to experience things on their own. Lighthouse parenting, like the name suggests, believes in being there for your child like a lighthouse is there at night, available and present when needed, however not providing solutions all the time, therefore allowing the child to grow and learn to be independent.( 有些教育方式，比如直升机式教育，不太会给孩子自由，让他们自己去体验。灯塔式育儿，顾名思义，就是要像灯塔一样陪伴在孩子身边，在需要的时候随时出现，但不是一直提供解决方案，从而让孩子成长并学会独立。)”可推知，作者是通过对比解释育儿方式的。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“According to the Children’s Book Council (CBC), this parenting style is becoming popular as parents are looking for a middle ground in parenting, something that does not add too much pressure on them.( 根据儿童图书委员会（CBC）的说法，这种育儿方式正变得越来越流行，因为父母们正在寻找一种中间地带，一种不会给他们带来太多压力的育儿方式。)”可知，家长更喜欢灯塔式教育是因为它不会给他们增加太多压力。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Whether you believe in rigorous boundaries or offering total freedom, it’s all about balance. And that is what lighthouse parenting, the new and modern parenting style that is becoming more and more popular, is all about.( 无论你相信严格的界限还是提供完全的自由，这都是关于平衡的。这就是灯塔式教育，一种越来越流行的新型现代教育方式。)”可知，文章主要介绍了灯塔式育儿方式，强调它在给予孩子指导、关爱和保护的同时，让孩子自己犯错并学习，注重平衡，D选项“Lighthouse Parenting: The Balanced Parenting Style（灯塔式育儿：平衡的育儿方式）”能准确概括文章主旨。故选D项。 【调研04】（24-25高三上·江西·期末）Everything including 3D printers is bigger in Texas. The Lone Star State will soon be the site of the world’s first 3D-printed hotel, El Cosmico, which has begun construction in the desert north of Marfa. Photos of the site show a large 46.5-foot-wide and 15.5-foot-tall 3D printer laying sand-colored material onto the foundations, creating sand-colored walls. This machine, called the Vulcan, was created by Texas-based 3D printing and robotics company ICON. The project is a cooperation between Liz Lambert, El Cosmico’s owner, ICON and architects at Bjarke Ingels Group. Lambert wants to expand the existing El Cosmico hotel, adding 43 new units and 18 homes on a new 40-acre land. Model images of the hotel’s inside part show cream walls and rounded wooden surfaces full of colors that reflect the surrounding desert. In addition to the hotel, El Cosmico will include several 3D-printed homes, which are now priced for $2.29 million. It’s reported that the hotel units will cost between $200 and $450 per night. The structures’ walls are made of a concrete called “lavacrete”, a particular low-carbon material created by ICON, which has a compressive(压力的) strength of 2,000 to 3,500 pounds per square inch. ICON was founded in 2018, and its technology has since been used to build 3D-printed homes in Texas and Mexico. Besides printing houses and hotels, a few years ago, ICON built Mars Dune Alpha, a 3D-printed environment that copied conditions on the Red Planet’s surface. In 2022, the company got a $57 million contract for their Project Olympus, which is exploring ways to build 3D-printed structures on the moon using locally available materials. Back on Earth, this 3D-printing technology has the potential to help deal with America’s affordable housing problem. In 2020, ICON constructed several houses for the Community First! Village in Austin, a program for people experiencing homelessness. In the future, the expansion of El Cosmico may include affordable housing for hotel staff. Lambert said these plans were “in the background” but still moving forward. Construction on the new hotel is scheduled to conclude in 2026. 1．What is a feature of the 3D-printed hotel? A．It is eco-friendly as well as strong. B．It is surrounded by wooden houses. C．It is out of place from the surroundings. D．It’s the result of a single company’s effort. 2．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Mars Dune Alpha? A．To recommend a high-end printed hotel. B．To urge people to learn 3D-printed structures. C．To illustrate ICON’s strong technology. D．To push the protection of the environment. 3．What is ICON’s technology intended to do? A．Print food for the homeless. B．Address America’s housing crisis. C．Create smart robots in space. D．Offer hotel staff chances to travel. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．Housing Crisis: A Big Issue in America B．ICON’s Lavacrete: Changing Construction C．ICON: Leading in 3D-Printing Technology D．El Cosmico: A Large Hotel Being 3D-Printed 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界上第一家3D打印酒店 El Cosmico将在德克萨斯州的孤星之州建成，该酒店由El Cosmico的所有者Liz Lambert、ICON和Bjarke Ingels Group的建筑师合作完成，且使用特殊的低碳建筑材料，抗压性强。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The structures’walls are made of a concrete called ‘lavacrete’, a particular low-carbon material created by ICON, which has a compressive strength of 2,000 to 3,500 pounds per square inch.(这些建筑的墙壁由一种名为“熔岩混凝土”的混凝土制成，这是ICON公司生产的一种特殊的低碳材料，其抗压强度为每平方英寸2000至3500磅。)”可知，该3D打印酒店的建筑墙壁是一种低碳材料制成，且具有抗压性强的特点，即，3D打印酒店不仅环保而且抗压强。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Besides printing houses and hotels, a few years ago, ICON built Mars Dune Alpha, a 3D-printed environment that copied conditions on the Red Planet’s surface.(除了打印房屋和酒店，几年前，ICON还建造了火星沙丘阿尔法，这是一个复制红色星球表面条件的3D打印环境。)”可知，除了打印住房和酒店，ICON还将技术应用到了航空领域，这说明其技术很强大。由此推知，作者提到 Mars Dune Alpha是为了表明 ICON 的3D打印技术很厉害。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容“Back on Earth, this 3D-printing technology has the potential to help deal with America’s affordable housing problem.(回到地球上，这种3D打印技术有可能帮助解决美国的经济适用房问题。)”可知，ICON公司的科技有望来解决美国住房问题。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读文章可知，第一段内容“The Lone Star State will soon be the site of the world’s first 3D-printed hotel, El Cosmico, which has begun construction in the desert north of Marfa.(孤星之州很快将成为世界上第一家3D打印酒店El Cosmico的所在地，该酒店已开始在马尔法以北的沙漠中建设。)”揭示了文章的核心话题，即，本文是围绕ICON公司建3D 打印酒店 El Cosmico这一话题展开的，并在后文中阐述了其技术应用和展望。选项D“El Cosmico: A Large Hotel Being 3D-Printed(El Cosmico：一家大型酒店正在进行3D打印)”贴合文章主题，可作最佳标题。故选D项。 ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$