2025年中考英语语法考点讲练 过去时

初中英语语法精讲精练专题十 过去时 基础考点1 一般过去时的用法 【考点全解】 1.一般过去时的用法。 (1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 例 Was the weather good? 天气好吗? I was really happy! 我非常开心! I arrived here just now.我刚刚到达这里。 I went to Beijing last week.我上周去的北京。 He went to Disneyland yesterday.他昨天去了迪士尼乐园。 I visited the Great Wall and ate Beijing Roast Duck,我参观了长城并且吃了北京烤鸭。 (2)表示过去的习惯或者经常发生的动作。 例When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。 2.一般过去时的构成:主语+动词过去式+其他。其中动词变过去式有规则变化和不规则变化。 (1)规则变化。 ① 一般直接在动词原形后加 ed。 例 visit visited 参观 work worked工作 ②)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,将y变i再加 ed。 例carry carried 拿 study studied学习 ③以e结尾的动词,直接加 d。 例 arrive arrived到达 live lived 生活 4)以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母再加ed。 例 stop stopped停止 plan planned 计划 (2)不规则变化。 例 eat ate 吃 go went去 am/is was 是 are were 是 3.一般过去时的标志词。 例 last...(上一个):last night 昨晚 last month 上个月 last year 去年 ...ago(以前):an hour ago 一小时前 two days ago 两天前 a year ago 一年前 just now刚刚 yesterday 昨天 the day before yesterday 前天 【题模全练】 1. Little dogs ill and he had to look after them. A. were B. was C.are D. is 【解析】句意;小狗们生病了,他不得不照顾它们。根据“had"可知此处用一般过去时,主语“Little dogs”是复数形式,谓语应用复数形式were,故选A。 2.-Who reached the station on time? -I ! In fact, l arrived there 5 minutes earlier. A. was B. reached C. did D. do 【解析】句意:-谁准时到达了车站?-我做到了!事实上,我提前5分钟到达了那里。本题考查时态和助动词do的用法。结合一般过去时的时态可先排除D选项;为避免重复,此处用did 代替实义动词 reached,此时 did 指“到达车站”的动作,故选C。 3. I'm now in New York with my friend Jenny. We by plane on Monday. A. arrive B. arrived C. are arriving D.will arrive 【解析】句意:我现在和朋友在纽约。我们周一乘飞机到达的。结合语境可知本句描述的是现在已经完成的动作,应用一般过去时,故选B。 基础考点2 一般过去时之动词过去式的不规则变化 【考点全解】 1.过去式和过去分词同形,即 A-B-B 型。 (1)以eep结尾,过去式、过去分词都变成-ept形式。 例sweep-swept-swept打扫 keep-kept-kept保持 sleep-slept-slept 睡觉 (2)以el结尾,过去式、过去分词都变成-old 形式。 例 sell-sold-sold 售卖 tell-told-told 告诉 retell-retold retold 复述 (3)以end结尾,过去式、过去分词都变成-ent形式。 例 lend-lent-lent 借出 spend- spent-spent花费 send-sent-sent发送 (4)以ay结尾,过去式、过去分词都变成 -aid 形式。 例say-said-said 说 pay- paid- paid 支付 lay-laid-laid 放置 (5)以n结尾,过去式、过去分词都变成-nt形式。 例learn-learnt-learnt学习 mean-meant -meant意味 burn-burnt-burnt燃烧 2.过去式和过去分词不一样,即 A-B-C 型。 (1)以eak结尾,过去式变成-oke形式,过去分词变成-oken 形式。 例speak-spoke-spoken讲 break-broke-broken打破 (2)以eal结尾,过去式变成-ole形式,过去分词变成-olen 形式。 例steal-stole-stolen 偷 (3)以ear结尾,过去式变成-ore形式,过去分词变成-om形式。 例 wear-wore- worn穿 tear- tore- tom 撕 bear- bore-born 忍受 (4)以ow结尾、过去式变为-cw形式,过去分词变为-own形式。 例grow-grew-grown成长,生长 know-knew-known知道 blow-blew-blown 吹 throw-threw-thrown扔,投掷 (5)中间构成为“辅音+1+辅音” ①i-的过去式变为-8-形式,过去分词变为-u- 形式。 例sink- sank -sunk下沉 swim-swam-swum游泳 drink- drank- drunk喝 ring- rang- rung响铃 ②-i-的过去式变为-0-形式,过去分词为在词尾直接加n。 例drive- drove-driven 开车 3.过去式和过去分词与原形长一样,即 A-A-A 型。 例 hit-hit-hit 打击 cost-cost-cost 花费 hurt-hurt-hurt 伤害 read-read-read读 let- let -let 让 put-put-put放置 spit-spit-spit 吐痰 cut-cut-cut切,裁剪 rid-rid-rid 摆脱 【要点提升】 一般过去时与现在完成时的辨析 侧重点 时间状语 一般过去时 侧重表示过去的动作,与现在无关。 表示确定的过去时间状语,例如last year 等。 现在完成时 侧重指过去的动作对现在造成的影响。 在一定意义上与现在时间有关系的时间状语,例如still等。 【题模全练】 1.-Will you see the film Cinderella with us tonight? -No, I it last week. A. see B. have seen C.saw 【解析】句意:-今晚你能和我们一起看电影《灰姑娘》吗?-不,我上周看过了。根据答语中时间状语“last week"可知,描述的是过去发生的事情,应该用一般过去时。一般过去时的构成:主语+谓语动词的过去式。see的过去式为saw,故选C。 2.-What Candy just now? -Sorry, I didn't hear it. I up the phone. A. was...saying; was picking B. did...say; was picking C. does...say; am picking D. did...say; pick 【解析】句意:-刚才坎迪说了什么?-对不起,我没听见。我正在接电话。根据问句中时间状语“just now 刚才”以及答语中“Sorry,I didn’t hear it.(对不起,我没听见。)”可知,句子描述的是过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时。结合句子结构可知,本句为一般过去时的特殊疑 问句,结构为;特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+动词原形。故第一个空处填did..say,故排除A、C两项。再结合语境可知在坎迪说话时“我”正在接电话,即强调的是过去某个时间正在进行或发生的动作,故用过去进行时,其构成为:was/were+动词的现在分词。故填was picking。综合上述,故选B。 3.-When will Uncle Sam come to see us? -He'll visit us this weekend. He me that by e-mail. A. told B. is told C. will tell D. was going to tell 【解析】句意:-山姆大叔什么时候来看我们?-他这个周末会来看我们的。他通过电子邮件告诉我的。A选项是一般过去时;B选项是一般现在时的被动语态;C选项是一般将来时;D选项是过去将来时。根据语境,故选A。 基础考点3 一般过去时的基本句型 【考点全解】 1.一般过去时的基本句型。 (1)肯定句 ①主语+be (was/were)+其他。 例He was born on a cold morning.他出生在一个寒冷的早晨。 ②主语+动词的过去式+其他。 例My mother bought it for me.我妈妈给我买了它。 (2)否定句 ①主语+be (was/were)+ not+其他。 例 His mother wasn't at home yesterday.他妈妈昨天没在家。 ②主语+ did not+动词原形+其他。 例 I didn't do well in the exam.我考得不好, (3)一般疑问句 ①be (was/were)+主语+其他。 例Was he angry just now? 刚才他生气了吗? ② Did+主语+动词原形+其他。 例Did you buy it yourself?你是自己买的吗? (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 例Where was she last night? 她昨晚在哪儿? When did you have lunch yesterday? 昨天你们时候吃的午饭? @记忆口诀 见助动,动词原。 【题模全练】 1. she have breakfast this morning? -No. She left home breakfast. A.Do; with B. Does; for C.Does; without D. Did; without 【解析】句意:-她今天早上吃早餐了吗?-没。她没吃早饭就离开家了。因为时间是this morning,提问过去的事用助动词的过去式,所以选did。第二空,由句意可知,她没有吃早餐,故选D。 2.- you at home last Friday? -No,I . A.Were; wasn't B.Were; weren't C.Was; wasn't D. Did; didn't 【解析】句意:-上周五你在家吗?-没有,我不在家。由第一句“at home”可知是在提问是否在家,根据时间状语“last Friday”可知这里应该用一般过去时,因主语是you,所以应该用were;答语的主语是I时,应该用动词was,故选A。 3.-What you do yesterday, Lucy? -I swimming with Lily. A. did; went B.did; go C.do; went 【解析】句意:-你昨天做什么了,露西?-我和莉莉去游泳了。题干为“疑问词what+-般疑问句”构成的特殊疑问句,根据“yesterday昨天”可知,时态是一般过去时,因含有实义动词do,变一般疑问句要用助动词did。回答用一般过去时的陈述句,因此谓语用go的过去式went。故选A。 基础考点4 过去进行时 【考点全解】 1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻发生的动作或进行的状态。结构为“was/were+doing表示“正在做某事”。 例My father was teaching me to play chess at 8 : 00 yesterday evening. 过去的时间点 昨天晚上8点我爸爸正在教我下象棋。 My sister and I were learning to play the piano at that time. 过去的时间点 那个时候我和妹妹正在学习弹钢琴 2.过去进行时的时间标志词。 例at five yesterday 昨天5 点 at eight yesterday evening 昨晚8 点 at that time 在那时 then 在那时 3.过去进行时在 wen 和 while 引导的时间状语从句中的应用。 (1)如果主句和从句的动作同时发生,或者不强调先后顺序时,主句和从句可以同时使用过去进行时、此时的时间状语从句一般由while 来引导。 例My father was paying chess while my mother was playing hide-and-seek( 捉迷藏 ) 我妈妈玩捉迷藏的时候,我爸爸正下象棋。 (2)主句中的动作先于从句的动作发生,且进行的时间较长,主句一般用过去进行时,而从句常用一般过去时,此时从句用when来引导。即主句(过去进行时)+when+从句(一般过去时)。例We were talking when the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候,我们在聊天。 【题模全练】 1. While l to the programs, my mother outside. A. listened: was washing B.was listening; washed C. was listening; is washing D. was listening; was washing 【解析】句意:当我在收听节目时,我的妈妈正在外面洗刷。while表示“正当……的时候”,所连接的句子的时态为进行时态,表示两个动作同时进行,故选D。 2.- called you up at 8 : 00 last night, but you didn't answer the phone. -Oh, really? I with the housework. A. am helping B. helped C. help D. was helping 【解析】句意:-我昨天晚上8点给你打电话,但是你没有接。-哦,真的吗?我当时在帮着做家务。根据语境可知用过去进行时,其结构是:was/were+动词的现在分词。故选D。 3.-Why didn't you answer my phone call, Jack? -I'm sorry, but l at that time. A. drive B. drives C.am driving D. was driving 【解析】句意:-你为什么不接我的电话,杰克?-对不起,我当时正在开车。A选项,一般现在时动词原形;B选项,一般现在时第三人称单数;C选项,现在进行时;D选项,过去进行时。结合语境可知应用过去进行时,结构是:was/were+动词的现在分词。故选D。 基础考点5 过去进行时的用法 【考点全解】 1.表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。 (1)过去进行时表示在过去某个确定的时间点或某一段时间里正在发生的动作。因此,常常和表示过去的时间状语“then那时,at that time 在那时,last night 昨晚,this time yesterday 昨天的这个时候”等连用。 例-What were you doing at nine last night?你昨天晚上9点在做什么? -l was watching TV at that time.那个时候我在看电视。 (2)有些情况下,句子中没有明确表示时间的状语,但是从句子的整体来看,可以用另一个表示过去的动作来确定时间状态。 例 He was reading when I came in.当我进来时,他在读书。 I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV. 当我父母看电视的时候我在写作业。 2.表示将要发生的动作。 过去进行时可以表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作,常用在间接引语中。 例She asked him whether he was coming back for dinner. 她问他是否回来吃晚饭。 3.过去进行时常常和 always 等表示频率的副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作。此时的过去进行时往往含有赞扬、不满、厌烦等感情色彩。 例Alice was always changing her mind.爱丽丝总是在改变主意。(责备的语气) Q要点提升 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 侧重点 完成性 连续性 一般过去时 侧重说明发生某动作的事实 已完成 表示可以时断时续的动作 过去进行时 侧重强调某动作的持续过程或长度 动作完成不明确 表示持续的不间断的动作 【题模全练】 1.-Did you see Betty just now? -Yes. She someone, so I nodded to her and went away. A. phoned B. is phoning C. was phoning D. has phoned 【解析】句意:-你刚才看到贝蒂了吗?-对。她正在给别人打电话,所以我向她点了点头就走了。根据句意,可判断答语中设空处的动作在过去某个时刻,即在“看见贝蒂”时正在进行着,且动作在一段时间内持续进行,所以用过去进行时,过去进行时的构成是:主语+was/were+动词的现在分词。故选C。 2.-Sandy, the glass is broken. How did that happen? -Sorry, mom. I don't know. I outside. A. play B. was playing C. have played D. am playing 【解析】句意:-一桑迪,这块玻璃坏了。这是怎么弄的?-对不起,妈妈。我不知道。我当时正在外面玩。由“How did that happen?"可知在问过去的事情,同时答句强调的是当时正在外面玩,应该用过去进行时,即 was/were+doing,因为主语为I,所以谓语动词用was,故选B。3.-How did the accident happen? -The girl WeChat(微信) while walking across the street. A. reads B. is reading C. was reading 【解析】结合句中“while walking across the street”,while表示“当……时候”,表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,并且主句中主语“看微信”是可以持续的动作,所以用过去进行时,故选C。 基础考点6 过去完成时的用法 【考点全解】 1.过去完成时。 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前应发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有 when、before、after,since等引导的时间状语从句或 by,for 等构成的时间短语。其构成形式为“had+done”。 2.过去完成时的用法。 (1)在宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时且从句的动作先于主句的动作发生时,从 句要用过去完成时。 例 She said that she had seen the film before.她说她已经看过这部电影了. 一般过去时 过去完成时 (2)在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系。动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的,要用一般过去时。 例 When I got to the station,the train had already left.当我到达车站的时候,火车已经离开了。过去完成时 一般过去时 3.过去完成时的时间标志词。 (1)by+过去的时间点,表示“截止到……”。 例 I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 昨晚9点的时候,我已经读完那本小说了。 (2)by the end of+ 过去的时间点,表示“到……末” We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 直到上个学期末,我们已经学了2000多个英语单词了。 (3)before+过去的时间点,表示“在……之前”。 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 上周三之前,他们已经种了 600 棵树了。 Q要点提升 过去完成时与现在完成时的比较 过去完成时与现在完成时的用法基本相同,但现在完成时是以现在的时间为基点,过去完成时则是以过去的时间为基点,与现在无关,即过去的过去。 【题模全练】 1. When I got to the station, the train for half an hour. A. left B. had left C. had been away 【解析】句意:当我到达车站的时候,火车已经离开半个小时了。火车离开是过去的过去,即用过去完成时、又因为“for half an hour”是时间段,所以动同要用延续性动间,而leave为非续动词,要换成be away,故选C 2. When l arrived at the cinema, the movie for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. has been on 【解析】电影开始发生在“我”到达之前,即过去的过去,故用过去完成时,又因为句子后面有for+时间段,动词要用延续性动词,即将begin换成be on,故选C。 3. They in ltaly for twelve years before they moved to England. A. live B. were living C. have lived D. had lived 【解析】句意:在他们搬到英国之前,他们在意大利住了12年。搬家已经是一般过去时,再根据过去的过去,之前的动作用过去完成时,即had lived,故选D。 基础考点7 一般过去时和过去完成时的区别 【考点全解】 1.一般过去时与过去完成时的时间状语不同。过去完成时强调过去的过去;一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。 例They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 昨天10点,他们已经到了车站。(有可能10点前就到了) They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 他们昨天10点到车站的。(10点到车站) 2.在没有明确的时间状语时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后则依据上下文来判断。先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。 例Her whole family were pleased with her, for she had won the competition. 她全家都非常开心,因为她赢得了比赛。 【题模全练】 1. Last week Vivian a dress for her mother with her first-month salary. A. buy B. Bought C. will buy D. would buy 【解析】根据时间状语“last week”可知应用一般过去时,buy的过去式为bought,故选 B。 2.- you to Nanhu Park a week ago? -Yes. We had a good time there. A.Do; go B. Did; go C.Did; went 【解析】句意:-你一周前去过南湖公园吗?-去过。我们在那里玩得很开心。根据时间状语“a week ago”判断应用一般过去时。一般过去时的构成是:主语+动词的过去式。本题考查的是一般过去时的一般疑问句,应该借助于助动词did,句首用了助动词 did以后,后面的动词应该用原形,故选 B。 过去时,专题突破 【一般过去时】 1. He a singer last year. A. married B. marry C. marries D. marrying I2.I the book club last week, and I two books already. A. join; read B. joined; read C. joined; have read D. join; has read 3. Yesterday afternoon, we to the park. A. went B. go C. goes D. to go 4. What he do last night? A. do B. does C. doing D.did 5.- you take a bus to school? -Yes. But now I usually go to school on foot. A.Did; use to B. Were; used to C. Do; use to D. Was; used to 6.-Why didn't Peter his homework? -He said he had lost his workbook. I think it's an excuse. A. does B. doing C. do D. did 7. Tony and I tennis yesterday. He did much better than I. A. play B. played C. will play D. are playing 8.-There is someone knocking at the door. -It must be the computer repairman.I him to come to fix my computer. A. call B. have called C. called D. will call 9.-Do you know who cleaned the blackboard, Tina? -Yes. John . A. do B. does C. did D.is 10. He to get to the top of the Himalaya Mountains after several times. A. managed; to trying B. tried; to trying C.managed; trying D. tried; trying 11. Mrs. Black some flowers in the garden yesterday. A. picks B. picked C. is picked D. is picking 12.-Have you read this book? -Yes, Iit two weeks ago. A. is reading B. have read C. will read D. read 13.-Your coat fits you well. -Thank you. I it when I was on vacation. A. have bought B. buy C. bought D. had bought 14.-Mike, what's wrong with you? You look worried. -Oh, I my bike this morning. A. lose B. lost C. was lost D. will lose 15. Several journalists the lawyer about the international case an hour ago. A. Interview B. interviewed C. will interview D. had interviewed 16. Oh, no! I my book in the lab. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. was leaving 17. Ken his jacket in the gym. He has to get it back A. left B. leaves C. is leaving D. was leaving 18. Peter and Linda Beijing for Shanghai yesterday afternoon. A. leave B. left C. have left D. will leave 19.- you listen to the news yesterday morning? -No, I . A. Were; wasn’t B. Do: don't C. Did; didn’t D. Have; haven't 20.-Didn't you go to the cinema yesterday? - .I stayed at home and helped do the housework. A. Yes, I didn't B. No, I did C. Yes, i did D. No, I didn't 21. he late for school this morning? -Yes, I think so. A.Is; / B. Was; / C. Did; came D. Does; come 【过去进行时】 22. I saw Sam and David in the playground yesterday afternoon, They games with their classmates then. A. Play B. will play C. are playing D. were playing 23. Many people when the earthquake happened last week. A. Slept B. sleep C. are sleeping D. were sleeping 24.Cissy a magazine carefully in her bedroom when her mother came in quietly. A. read B. is reading C. has read D. was reading 25.-Miss Lin my desk mate with her lessons when I left school. -She is really a nice teacher. A. helps B. is helping C. was helping D. helped 26.-Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now? -Certainly, In the principal's office. They happily at that time. A. are talking B. have talked C. were talking D. had looked through 27.-I shouted to you at the gate, but you didn't hear me. -Really? I a telephone call to my mother. A. make B. was making C. made D.have made 28. My mother some washing when the telephone rang. A. does B. did C. is doing D. was doing 29. Some exchange students with their host families this time yesterday. A. are chatting B. will chat C. were chatting D. have chatted 30. My mother dinner when I got home yesterday. A. has cooked B. was cooking C. will cook D. cooks 31.-Why did the car hit the boy? -Because the driver on the phone at that time. A. talk B. is talking C. was talking D. have discussed 【过去完成时】 32. By the end of last year, Jenny New Concept English for three years. A. learned B. has learned C. had learned D. will learn 33. We four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. learned B. had learned C. have learned D. will learn 34. The Chinese farmers how to grow rice by the end of2lst century B.C. A. learned B. learn C. have learned D. had learned 35. The show on for ten minutes by the time Jennifer got to the theatre. A.is B. was C. has been D. had been 36. By the end of last week, she in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children. A. will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed 37. By the time I got to the check-out, I realized that I my purse at my office. A. have left B. had left C.left D. was leaving 38. The other day he ran across one of his friends on the street, whom he for ages. A. didn't see B. hasn't seen C. hadn't seen D. doesn't see 39. My uncle many comic strips before he worked as a manager in 2010. A. creates B. would create C. was creating D. had created 40. By yesterday, the plane out of view for more than a month. A.is B. has been C. was D. had been 41. My parents supper before I got home last night. A. Had B. have had C. had had 参考答案: 1-5 ACADA 6-10 CBCCC 11-15 BDCBB 16-20 BABCD 21-25 BDDDC 26-30 CBDCB 31-35 CCBDD 36-40 DBCDD 41 C 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$