专题20 概要写作之说明文 -2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题20 概要写作之说明文 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 高考练场 8 变式演练 14 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：上海高考英语说明文概要写作通常涉及对某一现象、问题或对象的介绍、分析和说明。 字数要求：字数一般在300字左右，要求考生在60字以内完成概要写作。 考查能力：主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力、信息提取能力以及用简洁语言表达的能力。 2. 常见主题 现象揭示类：介绍某种常见现象及其影响。 利弊对比类：分析某一事物的优缺点。 研究显示类：基于研究结果进行说明。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 1. 通读全文，梳理结构 略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。 划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。 2. 提炼要点，去次留精 提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。 关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。 3. 组织语言，简洁表达 使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。 合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。 连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。 4. 检查核对，确保准确 核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。 语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。 字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。 （三）模板及句型 1. 常用模板 · 现象揭示类： The article points out the common phenomenon of [主题]，which [补充解释] 。 · 利弊对比类： The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A [具体描述]，while B [具体描述] 。 · 研究显示类： The study reveals that... The purpose of the report is to show that... 。 2. 常用句型 · 描述现象： The article highlights the issue of [现象]，which has [影响] · 分析原因： The main reasons for [现象] include [原因1] and [原因2] · 提出建议： To address [问题]，the author suggests [建议] 说明文（Exposition）写作抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类： 现象揭示类：The article points out the common phenomenon—(主题)，which…(补充解释) 利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A…while B… The passage discusses the impact of sth./On the positive side,…, but it may also… 研究显示类：The study reveals that…; The purpose of the report is to show that… 说明文概要写作模板 说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试卷】 Mindfulness Mindfulness typically refers to a state of in-the-moment awareness in which one avoids judging the thoughts and emotions of himself and others. It is often practiced in meditation（冥想） and some forms of therapy. Numerous findings from psychological research suggest practicing mindfulness can lead to many benefits, including stress reduction and increased psychological well-being. For example, in a study of cancer patients, cultivating mindfulness through meditation or other mindfulness-based training enabled people to be more selective about their emotional experiences, enabling them to reduce their stress and anxiety while increasing positive emotions. Similarly, studies show that mindfulness can also enhance information processing speed while reducing effort and negative thoughts and the meditators significantly outperformed the non-meditators on all measures of attention, suggestion that mindfulness improves one's ability to focus. It is apparent that mindfulness has many noteworthy benefits, which include everything, from psychological to physical improvements. However, research has also shown that in some cases mindfulness can also lead to negative outcomes. For example, one study found that following mindfulness meditation, participants were more likely to form take memories, demonstrating a potential unintended downside to mindfulness. In addition, another study suggested mindfulness researchers needed to be careful that they didn't learn participants by bringing about unpleasant mental, physical, or spiritual reactions through mindfulness. For example, mindfulness meditation may result in severe anxiety for those diagnosed with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder （PTSD） （创伤后应激障碍）. Those with PTSD tend to avoid thoughts and feelings related to their trauma. However, mindfulness meditation encourages emotional openness, which could lead individuals with PTSD to experience the stressors that they previously avoided, potentially leading to re-traumatization. It can't be denied that mindfulness is an important tool in the managerial toolbox, but it is not a cure-all, and it must be applied thoughtfully to be effective. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：介绍正念（mindfulness）的定义及其常见实践方式。 第2段：阐述正念带来的诸多益处，如减轻压力、提升心理福祉等。 第3段：指出正念在某些情况下可能带来的负面结果，如形成错误记忆、加重PTSD患者的焦虑等。 第4段：总结正念的重要性，但强调其并非万能，需要谨慎应用。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.定义及实践 ①mindfulness，in-the-moment awareness，meditation，therapy 2.益处 ②benefits，stress reduction，psychological well-being，cancer patients，attention 3.负面结果 ③negative outcomes，false memories，PTSD，anxiety，re-traumatization 4.总结 ④important tool，not a cure-all，thoughtful application 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Mindfulness is a state of in-the-moment awareness practiced in meditation and therapy. （正念是一种当下的意识状态，常用于冥想和治疗。） 第2段：Mindfulness can reduce stress, enhance well-being, and improve focus and attention. （正念可以减轻压力、提升福祉，并提高注意力和专注力。） 第3段：However, mindfulness can lead to false memories and worsen PTSD symptoms. （然而，正念可能导致错误记忆，并加重PTSD患者的症状。） 第4段：Mindfulness is useful but not a cure-all and needs careful application. （正念是有用的工具，但并非万能，需要谨慎应用。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“However”连接正念的益处和负面结果，形成对比。 使用“but”和“and”连接总结部分的内容。 概要写作答案（60词左右） Mindfulness is a state of in-the-moment awareness practiced in meditation and therapy. It can reduce stress, enhance well-being, and improve focus and attention. However, mindfulness can also lead to false memories and worsen PTSD symptoms. While mindfulness is a useful tool, it is not a cure-all and needs careful application to be effective. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月第一次阶段检测英语试卷】 It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again. The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems. The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes. But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people, experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly. Electric scooters are a great answer to the ‘last mile problem’ of getting from a public transport station to one’s home. They’re light enough to throw over your shoulder. They’re easy to ride just about anywhere and don’t need a lot of physical effort. The scooter can travel 25 km on one charge. It’s convenient and easy to control. They are also good for environment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scooters produce no carbon dioxide, need no fuel and make almost no noise. For many young people, they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文主要围绕“电动滑板车的使用现状及其问题”展开，结构为“总—分”式： 第1段：描述现象——年轻人骑电动滑板车。 第2段：北京的处罚措施。 第3段：上海的治理背景。 第4段：电动滑板车的安全隐患。 第5段：电动滑板车的优势（解决最后一公里问题）。 第6段：电动滑板车的环境优势。 第7段：年轻人使用电动滑板车的原因。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.现象：年轻人骑电动滑板车 ①young people，electric scooters，ride 2.北京处罚措施 ②Beijing，fine，warning 3.上海治理背景 ③Shanghai，traffic problems，campaign 4.安全隐患 ④safety issues，substandard brakes，speed 5.优势：最后一公里问题 ⑤last mile problem，convenient 6.环境益处 ⑥environment，no carbon dioxide，noise 7.年轻人使用原因 ⑦young people，celebrities，imitate 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Young people often ride electric scooters proudly. （年轻人自豪地骑电动滑板车。） 第2段：Beijing fines riders and warns them. （北京对骑电动滑板车的人罚款并警告。） 第3段：Shanghai’s campaign aims to solve traffic issues. （上海的行动旨在解决交通问题。） 第4段：Scooters have safety issues due to poor brakes and high speed. （电动滑板车因刹车差和速度高存在安全问题。） 第5段：Scooters solve the last mile problem and are convenient. （电动滑板车解决了最后一公里问题，且方便。） 第6段：Scooters are environmentally friendly. （电动滑板车环保。） 第7段：Young people use them to imitate celebrities. （年轻人用它们模仿名人。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 对比：使用“However”连接安全隐患和优势部分，形成对比。 因果：使用“because”或“due to”连接原因和结果。 概要写作答案（60词左右） Young people often ride electric scooters proudly. However, Beijing fines riders and warns them due to safety issues like poor brakes and high speed. Shanghai’s campaign also aims to solve traffic problems. Despite these issues, scooters solve the last mile problem, are convenient, and environmentally friendly. Many young people use them to imitate celebrities. （一） 【【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Ways of parenting It is evident that in bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill — the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is common to see parents hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, when a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parenting practices often stem from the personal needs and priorities of parents, as they aim to align their children’s upbringing with their own goals and expectations. At the same time, external influences subtly shape these approaches, with community values and societal norms playing an underlying role in guiding decisions about child-rearing. These interconnected factors together influence how parents manage their children’s growth and behavior. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also parents should realize that “example is better than precept (戒律，准则)”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，养育子女的方式各不相同。加快孩子的进步会引发负面情绪，而忽视他们的学习需求会削弱他们与生俱来的好奇心。这种差异是由父母的个人要求以及社会价值观和规则造成的。同时，要培养孩子的道德，父母应该坚持同样的标准，言行一致，否则孩子可能会在情感上变得脆弱和失望。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：描述父母在孩子成长过程中对技能获取的关注，以及过度催促或忽视孩子可能导致的问题。 第2段：分析父母育儿方式的来源，包括个人需求、优先事项以及外部社会和社区价值观的影响。 第3段：强调在孩子道德教育中保持一致性和以身作则的重要性。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.父母的行为 ①parenting，skills，failure，worry，enthusiasm 2.育儿方式的来源 ②practices，personal needs，external influences，community values 3.道德教育的重要性 ③moral standards，consistency，example，confusion，disappointment 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Parents often push children to learn skills too quickly or leave them without guidance, causing failure or loss of enthusiasm. （父母常常急于让孩子快速掌握技能，或让孩子缺乏指导，导致孩子失败或失去热情。） 第2段：Parenting practices are influenced by personal needs and external factors like community values. （育儿方式受到个人需求和外部因素如社区价值观的影响。） 第3段：Consistency and setting a good example are crucial in teaching children morals to avoid confusion and disappointment. （在对孩子进行道德教育时，保持一致性和树立良好榜样至关重要，以避免孩子感到困惑和失望。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“On the other hand”表达对比。 使用“Also”和“Moreover”连接相关的内容。 使用“can be”表达可能的结果。 概要写作答案（60词左右） Parents often push children to learn skills too quickly or leave them without guidance, causing failure or loss of enthusiasm. Parenting practices are influenced by personal needs and external factors like community values. Consistency and setting a good example are crucial in teaching children morals to avoid confusion and disappointment. Ways of parenting are vary. Hastening children’s progress triggers negative feelings while neglecting their needs to learn diminishes innate curiosity. The differences result from parents’ individual requirements, along with social values and rules. Meanwhile, to cultivate morality in children, parents should stick to the same standards and match their words with deeds, or children may be afterwards emotionally vulnerable and disappointed. （二） 【上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷】 The psychology behind sports fandom We all know there are sports fans all around the world. But what psychological processes drive them to support their favorite athletes or teams with such passion, even without the possibility of reward? Psychologists have long been interested in this topic. Their survey reveals that people’s need for a sense of belonging is met when connected to something bigger than themselves. It taps into their need for purpose. Without this connection, they may feel that what they do doesn’t really matter. Sports fandom tends to involve a deep emotional attachment, too. Fans may not directly contribute to the results of matches, but they feel each win and loss as their own. As a result, they continue to put in their emotions, time, energy — and often money — to support their favorite stars or teams. Sports fans consider their devotion to be a rewarding investment. Fandom can serve as a form of escape, allowing them to temporarily disconnect from their daily stresses. It also raises self-esteem, as fans often associate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense of pride. In addition, being part of a sports community can strengthen social bonds. For example, fans tend to say “we,” “us” and “our” to show their attachment to their favorite team, especially when it performs well. This shared language fosters a sense of togetherness and helps people build friendships. This is more important than ever nowadays as other bonds across society have weakened, such as music and pop culture. However, sports fans should not put too many eggs in the sports basket. After all, being a fan is all about chasing moments of pure joy that stay with you for a long time, whereas the heavy emotional investment can lead to feelings of anxiety or disappointment when a team or athlete performs badly. For some people, the attachment becomes so strong that it affects their normal lives. There have been extreme cases of people skipping a child’s wedding for a certain game! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了体育迷热情支持运动员或球队的心理机制。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：引出问题——体育迷为何如此热情地支持他们喜欢的运动员或球队，尽管没有直接回报。 第2段：心理学家的研究表明，体育迷的支持源于归属感和目的感。 第3段：体育迷对球队或运动员有深厚的情感依附，他们将比赛的胜负视为自己的胜负。 第4段：体育迷认为他们的投入是值得的，体育迷行为可以作为一种逃避现实的方式，提升自尊，并增强社交联系。 第5段：警告体育迷不应过度投入，因为过度的情感投入可能导致焦虑或失望，甚至影响正常生活。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.引言 ①sports fans，passion，reward 2.归属感和目的感 ②psychologists，survey，sense of belonging，purpose 3.情感依附 ③emotional attachment，win and loss，time，energy，money 4.投入的回报 ④rewarding investment，escape，self-esteem，social bonds，community 5.过度投入的风险 ⑤too many eggs，anxiety，disappointment，normal life 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Sports fans passionately support their favorite athletes or teams without expecting rewards. （体育迷热情地支持他们喜欢的运动员或球队，尽管没有期待回报。） 第2段：Psychologists find that sports fans’ need for belonging and purpose drives their support. （心理学家发现，体育迷对归属感和目的感的需求推动了他们的支持行为。） 第3段：Sports fans feel deeply attached to their teams, experiencing wins and losses as their own. （体育迷对球队有深厚的情感依附，将比赛的胜负视为自己的胜负。） 第4段：Fandom is rewarding as it provides escape, boosts self-esteem, and strengthens social bonds. （体育迷行为是值得的，因为它可以让人逃避现实、提升自尊并增强社交联系。） 第5段：However, over-investment can lead to anxiety, disappointment, and disruption of normal life. （然而，过度投入可能导致焦虑、失望甚至干扰正常生活。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“However”表达转折。 使用“and”连接相关的内容。 使用“as”表示原因。 概要写作答案（60词左右） Sports fans passionately support their favorite athletes or teams without expecting rewards. Psychologists find that sports fans’ need for belonging and purpose drives their support. Sports fans feel deeply attached to their teams, experiencing wins and losses as their own. Fandom is rewarding as it provides escape, boosts self-esteem, and strengthens social bonds. However, over-investment can lead to anxiety, disappointment, and disruption of normal life. The passage explores the psychological drivers behind sports fandom, highlighting how it fulfills a need for belonging and purpose, fosters emotional attachment, and boosts self-esteem. It also serves as an escape from daily stress and strengthens social connections. However, excessive investment can lead to anxiety or life imbalances. Sports fandom offers joy but should be balanced to avoid negative impacts. （三） 【上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三月考英语试卷】 The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply. New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be. The notion that kindness can boost well-being is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.” Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明陌生人的意外的小小善举可以改善人们的幸福感，然而由于某些原因人们做出小小善举是还有些犹豫。研究人员建议人们多多行善。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：通过Erin Alexander的故事引出主题——随机善举的强大影响力。 第2段：介绍研究发现，善举对幸福感的提升作用。 第3段：说明人们往往低估了善举对接受者的积极影响。 第4段：探讨阻碍人们行善的因素，如压力和过度思考。 第5段：总结研究者希望新发现能鼓励人们更频繁地做出善举。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.引言 ①Erin Alexander，random act of kindness，stranger 2.研究发现 ②Journal of Experimental Psychology，kindness，well-being 3.低估善举的影响 ③underestimate，appreciation，miscalculation 4.阻碍因素 ④stress，overthinking，misinterpreted 5.总结 ⑤new findings，encourage，kind gestures 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Erin Alexander was deeply moved by a kind note from a stranger. （Erin Alexander被一个陌生人的善举深深打动。） 第2段：New research shows that kindness can boost well-being and reduce stress. （新研究表明，善举可以提升幸福感并降低压力。） 第3段：People often underestimate how much their kindness is appreciated. （人们常常低估了他们的善举被欣赏的程度。） 第4段：Stress and overthinking can prevent people from performing kind acts. （压力和过度思考会阻碍人们行善。） 第5段：Researchers hope the findings will encourage more random acts of kindness. （研究者希望这些发现能鼓励更多随机善举。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“However”表达转折。 使用“and”连接相关的内容。 使用“such as”列举例子。 概要写作答案（60词左右） Erin Alexander was deeply moved by a kind note from a stranger. New research shows that kindness can boost well-being and reduce stress. People often underestimate how much their kindness is appreciated. Stress and overthinking can prevent people from performing kind acts. Researchers hope the findings will encourage more random acts of kindness. Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being. However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress. Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often. (53words) A （2025年浦东新区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Why can’t adults talk normally to babies? In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way of communicating with babies. It often involves using repetitive and exaggerated sounds, such as “cooing” and “goo-goo,” along with using diminutive words like “baby,” “binky,” or “blankie.” Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies? Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d talk to another adult, or even a 5-year-old child? Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The dramatic vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something. Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The gentle tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving him a sense of security. Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this lively vocalization. Babies clearly prefer it when we “ooh” and “coo”. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inborn love for baby talk. Baby talk tells the infants, “Hey! This speech is only for you, since you’re special,” and who doesn’t love that? It melts their sweet little hearts and warms ours. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. Use a playful tone, make eye contact, and emphasize key words. These simple actions strengthen bonds and work a lot for their development. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Adults use baby talk, or “parentese”, a distinctive speech involving exaggerated sounds and slow speech, to engage with babies for several reasons. First, it captures their attention through expressive facial expressions and vocalizations. Second, it builds emotional bonds, providing a sense of security. Research indicates that babies, regardless of cultural background, instinctively prefer baby talk. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. (64 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了婴儿语（“parentese”）这种与婴儿交流的独特方式，阐述其特点、作用，以及婴儿对它的喜爱，并建议经常使用以促进婴儿发展。 【详解】 要点摘录 1. In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way of communicating with babies. It often involves using repetitive and exaggerated sounds... Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. 2. Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. 3. Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. 4. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inborn love for baby talk. 5. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. 缜密构思 将关于婴儿语特点的内容整合；将吸引婴儿注意力和建立情感联系整合为作用；将研究表明婴儿喜爱及建议经常使用分别提炼。 遣词造句 Baby talk, or “parentese”, uses repetitive, exaggerated sounds and slow speech. It attracts babies' attention and builds emotional connections. Babies globally like it, and regular use aids their development. 【点睛】 [高分句型 1] Baby talk, or “parentese”, uses repetitive, exaggerated sounds and slow speech. (运用简单句对婴儿语的特点进行总结) [高分句型 2] Babies globally like it, and regular use aids their development. (运用并列句对婴儿对婴儿语的喜爱及使用建议进行总结) B （2025年徐汇一模） Why we hate phone calls Suddenly a sound rings out, stopping you in your tracks. Panicking, you search for where it could be coming from. It’s your phone, and if you’ re like a quarter of 18 to 30-year-olds in a recent British study, you probably won’t answer it. The same study found that 70% of the people in this age group prefer text messages to phone calls. Why do so many young people hate phone calls? While previous generations grew up using landlines to talk to their friends, smartphone-equipped younger people have grown up used to using text messages for social conversations. There’s less pressure with texting. You can read and respond to messages on your own schedule, and you can take time to think about what you want to say rather than being put on the spot during a phone call. Besides, when you can craft a reply free of interruption, you have greater control over your contributions to a conversation. Communication like phone calls can lead people to feel a loss of control and the corresponding anxiety. Many young people report associating phone calls, particularly those without prior warning, with bad news. This means that new social codes are being established. Many people will now text someone to see if they’re available to take a phone call. If someone doesn’t feel able to sum something up in a few short messages, they might leave a long voice note. But this doesn’t mean that anxiety around communication has been stopped. Evidence suggests that texting can also cause anxiety. Many times, texting anxiety comes from frustration, fear, and worry over the reactions of other people. For instance, a short response to your long message might be interpreted as a cold shrug and many people report tensions from being “left on read”— when you know someone has read your message, but they don’t, or won’t, reply. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Study found that young people nowadays prefer text messages to phone calls because there is less pressure and they can have more control over the communication, which reduces anxiety. New social code involves texting to check availability before calling or leaving a voice message. However, texting can create new anxieties about other people’s reactions. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，现在的年轻人更喜欢发短信而不是打电话，因为这样压力更小，他们可以更好地控制交流，从而减少焦虑。新的社交准则包括在打电话或留言前先发短信确认是否有空。然而，发短信会让人对别人的反应产生新的焦虑。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①While previous generations grew up using landlines to talk to their friends, smartphone-equipped younger people have grown up used to using text messages for social conversations. ②There’s less pressure with texting. You can read and respond to messages on your own schedule, and you can take time to think about what you want to say rather than being put on the spot during a phone call. ③This means that new social codes are being established. ④Many people will now text someone to see if they’re available to take a phone call. ⑤But this doesn’t mean that anxiety around communication has been stopped. Evidence suggests that texting can also cause anxiety. ⑥Many times, texting anxiety comes from frustration, fear, and worry over the reactions of other people. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Study found that young people nowadays prefer text messages to phone calls. There is less pressure and they can have more control over the communication, which reduces anxiety. New social code involves texting to check availability to take a phone call. Texting can create new anxieties about other people’s reactions 【点睛】[高分句型1] Study found that young people nowadays prefer text messages to phone calls because there is less pressure and they can have more control over the communication, which reduces anxiety.(运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、because引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句为高级表达。) [高分句型2]New social code involves texting to check availability before calling or leaving a voice message.(运用两个动名词短语作宾语，概况了第三段的主要内容)。 C （2025年杨浦一模） Smart Paint to Heat or Cool Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature. The new paint, however, is engineered to reflect the sun’s heat off the outside of the house, which means the interior doesn’t heat up as much in the first place. There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun’s mid- infrared light. That’s 10 times more than regular paint. The base layer of the paint contains metal flakes that function like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer contains color particles, which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. Nearly 90% of all US households use air-conditioning, which requires a lot of electricity. In fact, cooling residences accounts for 6% of all electricity use in the US and costs Americans about $29 Billion a year. Preventing homes from heating up as much will reduce the need for air-conditioning to pump cool air into the building. In addition to cooling a house in hot summer months, the paint can also keep a home warm in the winter. When it is used on the walls indoors, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, keeping the warmth in. According to the paint’s creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%. All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A smart paint, developed by scientists can help keep homes cool by reflecting sunlight off the exteriors and keep homes warm when used on indoor walls. It is more effective than regular paints, focusing on mid- infrared light. Besides being waterproof, the paint comes in different colors. Using the paint is beneficial to the environment and can lower energy expenses. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一种由科学家开发的智能涂料可以通过反射外部的阳光来帮助保持房屋凉爽，并且当用于室内墙壁时可以保持房屋温暖。它比普通涂料更有效，专注于中红外光。除了防水，这种油漆还有多种颜色。使用这种涂料有利于环境，可以降低能源消耗。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating. ②Normally, the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature. ③There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth. ④The top layer contains color particles, which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. ⑤The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. ⑥All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills 2.缜密构思 将第3、6两个要点进行重组，将第1、2和4、5几个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 A smart paint developed by scientists can help keep homes cool by reflecting sunlight from the outside and keep them warm when applied to interior walls. It is more effective than regular paint and focuses on mid-infrared light. In addition to being waterproof, the paint comes in a variety of colors. Using this paint is good for the environment and can reduce energy consumption. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A smart paint, developed by scientists can help keep homes cool by reflecting sunlight off the exteriors and keep homes warm when used on indoor walls. (运用了过去分词作后置定语和when引导的时间状语从句的省略) [高分句型2] Using the paint is beneficial to the environment and can lower energy expenses.  (运用了动名词短语作主语) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题20 概要写作之说明文 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 高考练场 8 变式演练 14 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：上海高考英语说明文概要写作通常涉及对某一现象、问题或对象的介绍、分析和说明。 字数要求：字数一般在300字左右，要求考生在60字以内完成概要写作。 考查能力：主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力、信息提取能力以及用简洁语言表达的能力。 2. 常见主题 现象揭示类：介绍某种常见现象及其影响。 利弊对比类：分析某一事物的优缺点。 研究显示类：基于研究结果进行说明。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 1. 通读全文，梳理结构 略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。 划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。 2. 提炼要点，去次留精 提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。 关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。 3. 组织语言，简洁表达 使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。 合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。 连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。 4. 检查核对，确保准确 核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。 语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。 字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。 （三）模板及句型 1. 常用模板 · 现象揭示类： The article points out the common phenomenon of [主题]，which [补充解释] 。 · 利弊对比类： The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A [具体描述]，while B [具体描述] 。 · 研究显示类： The study reveals that... The purpose of the report is to show that... 。 2. 常用句型 · 描述现象： The article highlights the issue of [现象]，which has [影响] · 分析原因： The main reasons for [现象] include [原因1] and [原因2] · 提出建议： To address [问题]，the author suggests [建议] 说明文（Exposition）写作抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类： 现象揭示类：The article points out the common phenomenon—(主题)，which…(补充解释) 利弊对比类：The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B. A…while B… The passage discusses the impact of sth./On the positive side,…, but it may also… 研究显示类：The study reveals that…; The purpose of the report is to show that… 说明文概要写作模板 说明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试卷】 Mindfulness Mindfulness typically refers to a state of in-the-moment awareness in which one avoids judging the thoughts and emotions of himself and others. It is often practiced in meditation（冥想） and some forms of therapy. Numerous findings from psychological research suggest practicing mindfulness can lead to many benefits, including stress reduction and increased psychological well-being. For example, in a study of cancer patients, cultivating mindfulness through meditation or other mindfulness-based training enabled people to be more selective about their emotional experiences, enabling them to reduce their stress and anxiety while increasing positive emotions. Similarly, studies show that mindfulness can also enhance information processing speed while reducing effort and negative thoughts and the meditators significantly outperformed the non-meditators on all measures of attention, suggestion that mindfulness improves one's ability to focus. It is apparent that mindfulness has many noteworthy benefits, which include everything, from psychological to physical improvements. However, research has also shown that in some cases mindfulness can also lead to negative outcomes. For example, one study found that following mindfulness meditation, participants were more likely to form take memories, demonstrating a potential unintended downside to mindfulness. In addition, another study suggested mindfulness researchers needed to be careful that they didn't learn participants by bringing about unpleasant mental, physical, or spiritual reactions through mindfulness. For example, mindfulness meditation may result in severe anxiety for those diagnosed with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder （PTSD） （创伤后应激障碍）. Those with PTSD tend to avoid thoughts and feelings related to their trauma. However, mindfulness meditation encourages emotional openness, which could lead individuals with PTSD to experience the stressors that they previously avoided, potentially leading to re-traumatization. It can't be denied that mindfulness is an important tool in the managerial toolbox, but it is not a cure-all, and it must be applied thoughtfully to be effective. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：介绍正念（mindfulness）的定义及其常见实践方式。 第2段：阐述正念带来的诸多益处，如减轻压力、提升心理福祉等。 第3段：指出正念在某些情况下可能带来的负面结果，如形成错误记忆、加重PTSD患者的焦虑等。 第4段：总结正念的重要性，但强调其并非万能，需要谨慎应用。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.定义及实践 ①mindfulness，in-the-moment awareness，meditation，therapy 2.益处 ②benefits，stress reduction，psychological well-being，cancer patients，attention 3.负面结果 ③negative outcomes，false memories，PTSD，anxiety，re-traumatization 4.总结 ④important tool，not a cure-all，thoughtful application 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Mindfulness is a state of in-the-moment awareness practiced in meditation and therapy. （正念是一种当下的意识状态，常用于冥想和治疗。） 第2段：Mindfulness can reduce stress, enhance well-being, and improve focus and attention. （正念可以减轻压力、提升福祉，并提高注意力和专注力。） 第3段：However, mindfulness can lead to false memories and worsen PTSD symptoms. （然而，正念可能导致错误记忆，并加重PTSD患者的症状。） 第4段：Mindfulness is useful but not a cure-all and needs careful application. （正念是有用的工具，但并非万能，需要谨慎应用。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“However”连接正念的益处和负面结果，形成对比。 使用“but”和“and”连接总结部分的内容。 概要写作答案（60词左右） Mindfulness is a state of in-the-moment awareness practiced in meditation and therapy. It can reduce stress, enhance well-being, and improve focus and attention. However, mindfulness can also lead to false memories and worsen PTSD symptoms. While mindfulness is a useful tool, it is not a cure-all and needs careful application to be effective. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 【上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月第一次阶段检测英语试卷】 It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again. The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems. The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes. But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people, experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly. Electric scooters are a great answer to the ‘last mile problem’ of getting from a public transport station to one’s home. They’re light enough to throw over your shoulder. They’re easy to ride just about anywhere and don’t need a lot of physical effort. The scooter can travel 25 km on one charge. It’s convenient and easy to control. They are also good for environment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scooters produce no carbon dioxide, need no fuel and make almost no noise. For many young people, they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （一） 【【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Ways of parenting It is evident that in bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill — the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is common to see parents hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, when a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Parenting practices often stem from the personal needs and priorities of parents, as they aim to align their children’s upbringing with their own goals and expectations. At the same time, external influences subtly shape these approaches, with community values and societal norms playing an underlying role in guiding decisions about child-rearing. These interconnected factors together influence how parents manage their children’s growth and behavior. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. Also parents should realize that “example is better than precept (戒律，准则)”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教), their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） 【上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷】 The psychology behind sports fandom We all know there are sports fans all around the world. But what psychological processes drive them to support their favorite athletes or teams with such passion, even without the possibility of reward? Psychologists have long been interested in this topic. Their survey reveals that people’s need for a sense of belonging is met when connected to something bigger than themselves. It taps into their need for purpose. Without this connection, they may feel that what they do doesn’t really matter. Sports fandom tends to involve a deep emotional attachment, too. Fans may not directly contribute to the results of matches, but they feel each win and loss as their own. As a result, they continue to put in their emotions, time, energy — and often money — to support their favorite stars or teams. Sports fans consider their devotion to be a rewarding investment. Fandom can serve as a form of escape, allowing them to temporarily disconnect from their daily stresses. It also raises self-esteem, as fans often associate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense of pride. In addition, being part of a sports community can strengthen social bonds. For example, fans tend to say “we,” “us” and “our” to show their attachment to their favorite team, especially when it performs well. This shared language fosters a sense of togetherness and helps people build friendships. This is more important than ever nowadays as other bonds across society have weakened, such as music and pop culture. However, sports fans should not put too many eggs in the sports basket. After all, being a fan is all about chasing moments of pure joy that stay with you for a long time, whereas the heavy emotional investment can lead to feelings of anxiety or disappointment when a team or athlete performs badly. For some people, the attachment becomes so strong that it affects their normal lives. There have been extreme cases of people skipping a child’s wedding for a certain game! ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （三） 【上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三月考英语试卷】 The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply. New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be. The notion that kindness can boost well-being is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.” Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A （2025年浦东新区一模） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Why can’t adults talk normally to babies? In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way of communicating with babies. It often involves using repetitive and exaggerated sounds, such as “cooing” and “goo-goo,” along with using diminutive words like “baby,” “binky,” or “blankie.” Adults also tend to speak more slowly and emphasize key words or phrases when engaging in baby talk. What’s the point of using such a ridiculous style of talking with babies? Why not just talk to a baby with normal speech, like we’d talk to another adult, or even a 5-year-old child? Primarily, we use baby talk to capture the baby’s attention. The dramatic vocalizations and facial expressions serve to engage the child’s focus by being distinct from all the other noise and visual stimuli around the baby. Remember, the brain of a newborn baby is still developing and needs different cues to engage and learn something. Baby talk also helps to establish an emotional connection between the adult and the baby. The gentle tone conveys affection, love, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving him a sense of security. Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies from 16 countries on their preference for this lively vocalization. Babies clearly prefer it when we “ooh” and “coo”. The study also revealed that babies from almost all cultures have an inborn love for baby talk. Baby talk tells the infants, “Hey! This speech is only for you, since you’re special,” and who doesn’t love that? It melts their sweet little hearts and warms ours. To support your baby’s development, try using baby talk regularly. Use a playful tone, make eye contact, and emphasize key words. These simple actions strengthen bonds and work a lot for their development. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B （2025年徐汇一模） Why we hate phone calls Suddenly a sound rings out, stopping you in your tracks. Panicking, you search for where it could be coming from. It’s your phone, and if you’ re like a quarter of 18 to 30-year-olds in a recent British study, you probably won’t answer it. The same study found that 70% of the people in this age group prefer text messages to phone calls. Why do so many young people hate phone calls? While previous generations grew up using landlines to talk to their friends, smartphone-equipped younger people have grown up used to using text messages for social conversations. There’s less pressure with texting. You can read and respond to messages on your own schedule, and you can take time to think about what you want to say rather than being put on the spot during a phone call. Besides, when you can craft a reply free of interruption, you have greater control over your contributions to a conversation. Communication like phone calls can lead people to feel a loss of control and the corresponding anxiety. Many young people report associating phone calls, particularly those without prior warning, with bad news. This means that new social codes are being established. Many people will now text someone to see if they’re available to take a phone call. If someone doesn’t feel able to sum something up in a few short messages, they might leave a long voice note. But this doesn’t mean that anxiety around communication has been stopped. Evidence suggests that texting can also cause anxiety. Many times, texting anxiety comes from frustration, fear, and worry over the reactions of other people. For instance, a short response to your long message might be interpreted as a cold shrug and many people report tensions from being “left on read”— when you know someone has read your message, but they don’t, or won’t, reply. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ C （2025年杨浦一模） Smart Paint to Heat or Cool Scientists in the US have developed a special paint that offers a simple and colorful way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the exterior of a house absorbs heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature. The new paint, however, is engineered to reflect the sun’s heat off the outside of the house, which means the interior doesn’t heat up as much in the first place. There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see but that people feel as warmth. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun’s mid- infrared light. That’s 10 times more than regular paint. The base layer of the paint contains metal flakes that function like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer contains color particles, which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red, or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. Nearly 90% of all US households use air-conditioning, which requires a lot of electricity. In fact, cooling residences accounts for 6% of all electricity use in the US and costs Americans about $29 Billion a year. Preventing homes from heating up as much will reduce the need for air-conditioning to pump cool air into the building. In addition to cooling a house in hot summer months, the paint can also keep a home warm in the winter. When it is used on the walls indoors, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, keeping the warmth in. According to the paint’s creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%. All is good news not only for people who care about the environment but also for those worrying about their electricity or heating bills. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$