重点话题36人与自然 自然生态 语法填空解析版 -【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版）

重点话题36人与自然-自然生态 语法填空 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） “人与自然-自然生态” 语法填空中的高频单词和短语： 一、高频单词 1.生态系统与环境类 ecosystem：生态系统 ecology：生态学；生态 environment：环境 habitat：栖息地 2.生物与物种类 creature：生物 species：物种 biodiversity：生物多样性 bacteria：细菌 plant：植物animal：动物 3.环境问题与灾害类 pollution：污染 global warming：全球变暖 climate change：气候变化 disaster：灾难；灾祸 flood：洪水，水灾 drought：旱灾，干旱 4.资源与能源类 resource：资源 source：源头；来源 substitute：替代品 power：电力；能量 5.动作与行为类 protect：保护 preserve：保护；保存 damage：伤害，损伤 destroy：破坏；摧毁 二、高频短语 1.介词短语 in harmony with：与…… 和谐共处 in danger of：处于…… 的危险中 due to：由于；因为 as a result of：由于…… 的结果 in the face of：面对 2.动词短语 die out：灭绝 cut down：砍伐；削减 set up：建立；设立 take measures：采取措施 raise awareness：提高意识 natural resources：自然资源 wildlife protection：野生动物保护 sustainable development：可持续发展 greenhouse effect：温室效应 climate crisis：气候危机 三、高二英语 “人与自然-自然生态” 语法填空的考法考点 高二英语 “人与自然-自然生态” 语法填空主要从词法和句法等方面进行考查，以下是具体的考法考点： 1.词法考点 （1）名词 单复数：根据语境判断名词是用单数还是复数形式，如 “Many species in the wild are facing the threat of extinction.（species 在 many 后用复数形式）”。 所有格：考查名词所有格的用法，如 “the earth's environment（表示地球的环境）”。 （2）动词 时态和语态：根据上下文语境确定动词的时态，如一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等，同时判断是否需要使用被动语态，如 “The forest is being cut down at an alarming rate.（现在进行时的被动语态）”。 非谓语动词：常考不定式、动名词和分词作主语、宾语、定语、状语等，如 “To protect the environment, we should take some practical measures.（不定式作目的状语）”。 （3）形容词和副词 词性转换：根据句子结构和语境，判断是用形容词还是副词，如 “Environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious.（increasingly 为副词修饰形容词 serious）”。 比较级和最高级：考查形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法，如 “This area has more wildlife than that one.（比较级）”。 （4）代词 人称代词：主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法，如 “We should do our best to protect nature.（our 为形容词性物主代词）”。 不定代词：some, any, no, every 等构成的不定代词的用法，如 “Some animals are in danger of dying out.（some 表示一些）”。 （4）冠词 定冠词和不定冠词：考查定冠词 the 和不定冠词 a/an 的用法，如 “The panda is a symbol of wildlife protection.（the 表特指，a 表泛指）”。 零冠词：在一些固定搭配或特定语境中不用冠词的情况，如 “in nature（固定搭配，不加冠词）”。 （5）介词 固定搭配：考查与 “人与自然 - 自然生态” 相关的介词短语搭配，如 “in the process of environmental protection（在环境保护的过程中）”。 介词的基本用法：如表示时间、地点、方式等的介词用法，如 “at the foot of the mountain（在山脚下）”。 2.句法考点 （1）定语从句 关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose 等的用法，如 “The river which/that flows through the city is polluted.（which/that 指代先行词 river 在从句中作主语）”。 关系副词：where, when, why 等的用法，如 “This is the place where many rare plants grow.（where 在从句中作地点状语）”。 （2）名词性从句 主语从句：如 “What we do to the environment will come back to us.（what 引导主语从句并在从句中作 do 的宾语）”。 宾语从句：如 “I believe that we can make the earth a better place.（that 引导宾语从句）”。 表语从句：如 “The problem is how we can protect the wildlife.（how 引导表语从句）”。 （3）状语从句 时间状语从句：when, while, as, after, before 等引导的从句，如 “When it rains heavily, the river may flood.（when 引导时间状语从句）”。 原因状语从句：because, since, as, for 等引导的从句，如 “Since the climate is changing, we need to take action.（since 引导原因状语从句）”。 让步状语从句：although, though, even if, even though 等引导的从句，如 “Although/Though it is difficult, we should still try to protect the ecosystem.（although/though 引导让步状语从句）”。 3.特殊句式 强调句：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...，如 “It is human activities that have caused serious environmental problems.（强调 human activities）”。 倒装句：如 Only in this way can we protect the environment.（only 位于句首，句子部分倒装）”。 四、高二英语 “人与自然-自然生态” 语法填空精练题 （24-25高二上·湖北黄冈·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We’ve all heard the claims that by 2050, coffee, as we know, is set to dramatically change or disappear! A recent study published on PLOS One predicts 1 overall decline in the world’s suitable growing land for coffee by 2050. An earlier report by the Climate Institute found that coffee production could 2 (cut) in half due to climate change. Warming temperatures have started to introduce several new 3 (threat) to the production of coffee, ranging from unsuitable growing temperatures to new warmer weather pests. And pests reproduce and spread quicker in 4 (hot) climates. Then we have natural disasters, 5 the droughts in Brazil, which led to market prices doubling, and the floods in Timor-Estelle, both in 2021. These weather events will continue to get worse, 6 (destroy) coffee farmland beyond repair unless we stop deforestation, reduce emissions and expand conservation plans. While a reduced coffee supply will be difficult for consumers, it will be 7 (absolute) disastrous for the 25 million farmers 8 livelihoods depend on it. These are some of the poorest communities in the world, who don’t have the resources 9 (stay) and fight or pack up their farms and move to cooler climates. Then there are millions of people 10 (employ) in packaging, distributing, selling and brewing the coffee we all love. 【答案】 1．an 2．be cut 3．threats 4．hotter 5．like 6．destroying 7．absolutely 8．whose 9．to stay 10．employed 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讨论了气候变化对咖啡生产的影响，并预测到2050年咖啡种植面积将大幅减少。 1．考查冠词。句意：最近发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》上的一项研究预测，到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的土地将全面减少。句中decline“减少”用作可数名词，结合句意可知此处表示泛指，空格填不定冠词，因为“overall”以元音音素开头，故填an。 2．考查被动语态。句意：气候研究所早些时候的一份报告发现，由于气候变化，咖啡产量可能会减少一半。空处位于that引导的宾语从句中，主语production和动词cut之间是被动关系，此处使用被动语态，表示“咖啡生产可能被减半”，情态动词could后接动词原形，故填be cut。 3．考查名词复数。句意：气温升高已经开始给咖啡生产带来一些新的威胁，从不适宜的生长温度到新的温暖天气害虫。根据前面的“several new”，这里需要一个可数名词的复数形式，故填threats。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：在更炎热的气候中，害虫繁殖和传播得更快。根据前面的“spread quicker”，这里需要一个形容词的比较级，表示“更热的气候”，故填hotter。 5．考查介词。句意：然后是自然灾害，比如巴西的干旱，导致市场价格翻了一番，还有东帝汶的洪水，都发生在2021年。根据句意关系，空后表示列举，使用介词like“例如，像”，故填like。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些天气事件将继续恶化，摧毁咖啡种植地，使其无法修复，除非我们停止砍伐森林、减少排放并扩大保护计划。前面已有谓语动词will continue，所以此处用非谓语动词，destroy与逻辑主语These weather events之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填destroying。 7．考查副词。句意：虽然咖啡供应减少对消费者来说很困难，但对2500万靠咖啡为生的农民来说，这绝对是灾难性的。这里需要一个副词来修饰形容词“disastrous”，故填absolutely。 8．考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处引导定语从句，修饰farmers，关系词在从句中作定语修饰livelihoods，所以用关系代词whose，故填whose。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些是世界上最贫穷的社区，他们没有资源留下来战斗或收拾农场搬到气候更凉爽的地方。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，使用动词不定式to stay，表示他们没有资源留下来斗争或搬迁到更有凉爽气候的地方，且与后面的 and fight并列，故填to stay。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，还有数以百万计的人从事包装、分销、销售和冲泡我们都喜欢的咖啡。employ和people之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作后置定语，表示在运输、包装、分销、销售和冲泡咖啡中被雇用的人，故填employed。 （23-24高二下·云南昆明·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Insect numbers have decreased by half in some parts of the world due 11 climate change and intensive agriculture (集约型农业), a study has found. Lead researcher, Dr. Charlie Outhwaite of University College London, said 12 (lose) insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment, but also to human health and food security, 13 (particular) with losses of pollinators (传粉昆虫). However, scientific data gives 14 mixed picture, with some types of insects showing sharp declines, while others are staying steady. In the latest study, the researchers pulled together data on the range and number of nearly, 20, 000 insect species, including bees, ants, etc, at 6,000 different 15 (place). In areas with intensive agriculture and severe warming, insect numbers 16 (reduce) by 49% so far and the number of different species by 27%, compared with untouched areas   17 have avoided the most severe effects of climate change, according to the research 18 (publish) in Nature. But the researchers said there was some cause for hope in that setting aside areas of land for nature created a shelter for insects, which need shade 19 (survive) in hot weather. “Some 20 (care) management of agricultural areas such as preserving natural habitats near farmland, may help ensure vital insects can still grow well,” said Dr. Charlie Outhwaite. 【答案】 11．to 12．losing 13．particularly 14．a 15．places 16．have reduced 17．that/which 18．published 19．to survive 20．careful 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了气候变化和集约化农业对全球昆虫数量的影响，以及这一变化对自然环境、人类健康和粮食安全的潜在威胁。 11．考查介词。句意：一项研究发现，由于气候变化和集约化农业，世界上一些地区的昆虫数量减少了一半。due to是固定短语，意为“由于”，因此空格处是介词to，故填to。 12．考查动名词。句意：首席研究员、伦敦大学学院的Charlie Outhwaite博士说，昆虫数量的减少不仅对自然环境有害，而且对人类健康和粮食安全有害，尤其是传粉媒介的减少。空格处用动名词作said后的宾语从句中的主语，故填losing。 13．考查副词。句意：首席研究员、伦敦大学学院的Charlie Outhwaite博士说，昆虫数量的减少不仅对自然环境有害，而且对人类健康和粮食安全有害，尤其是传粉媒介的减少。空格处用副词particularly作状语，particularly意为“尤其”，故填particularly。 14．考查冠词。句意：然而，科学数据给出了一个喜忧参半的画面，一些类型的昆虫急剧下降，而另一些则保持稳定。picture是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，mixed是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 15．考查名词的复数。句意：在最新的研究中，研究人员收集了6000个不同地方近2万种昆虫的范围和数量的数据，包括蜜蜂、蚂蚁等。空前有6,000 different，空格处用复数，故填places。 16．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：根据发表在《自然》杂志上的研究，与未受气候变化最严重影响的未受影响地区相比，在集约化农业和严重变暖的地区，迄今为止昆虫数量减少了49%，不同物种数量减少了27%。由so far可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语numbers是复数，因此空格处用have reduced。故填have reduced。 17．考查定语从句。句意：根据发表在《自然》杂志上的研究，与未受气候变化最严重影响的未受影响地区相比，在集约化农业和严重变暖的地区，迄今为止昆虫数量减少了49%，不同物种数量减少了27%。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词areas是地区，因此空格处用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据发表在《自然》杂志上的研究，与未受气候变化最严重影响的未受影响地区相比，在集约化农业和严重变暖的地区，迄今为止昆虫数量减少了49%，不同物种数量减少了27%。句中谓语是have reduced，空格处用非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词the research，名词the research和动词publish之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填published。 19．考查不定式。句意：但研究人员表示，人们有理由抱有希望，因为为大自然留出一些土地，为昆虫创造了一个庇护所，昆虫需要阴凉处才能在炎热的天气中生存。根据语境可知，句子表示“昆虫需要阴凉处才能在炎热的天气中生存”，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to survive。 20．考查形容词。句意：对农业地区进行一些细致的管理，比如保护农田附近的自然栖息地，可能有助于确保重要的昆虫仍然能很好地生长。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词management，根据语境可知，句子表示“对农业地区进行一些细致的管理，比如保护农田附近的自然栖息地，可能有助于确保重要的昆虫仍然能很好地生长”，空格处意为“细致的”，是careful。故填careful。 （23-24高二下·安徽合肥·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Temperatures around the world are rising. Many places 21 (experience) extreme weather events such as extreme heat since the start of the new century. Scientists have shown all that is going to get even 22 (bad). They looked at cities in the north half of the planet. They 23 (especial) paid attention to those in the US. According 24 simple geography, the cities near Canada have cool to mild weather. Those near Mexico 25 (be) hotter and more humid. However, things are going to look and feel a lot different in 2080. The scientists created a weather model 26 (study) the weather changes in 2080. They considered two important points. One was the warming of the planet by 1.5℃ to 3℃ and 27 other was the increasing greenhouse gas levels. Unluckily, what the scientists found was 28 (surprise)! The cities in the north turned into ones in the south—about 500 29 (mile) south. For example, Washington D．C． felt like Greenwood, Mississippi, and Mississippi felt like Mexico. That’s bad news for people in the US, 30 is also bad for people everywhere because we’re all in the same boat. 【答案】 21．have experienced 22．worse 23．especially 24．to 25．are 26．to study 27．the 28．surprising 29．miles 30．and 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出气候变暖的情况日趋严峻，并列举了一项对于美国城市气候的研究来佐证这一点，提醒我们引起重视。 21．考查时态。句意：新世纪以来，很多地方都经历了类似高温的极端天气。根据后文since the start of the new century可知要用现在完成时，主语为places，助动词用have。故填have experienced。 22．考查形容词比较级。句意：科学家表示这一切甚至正在变得更糟糕。分析句子可知，这里要表现前后变化过程，且用even修饰，考虑形容词比较级，即“变得更糟”。故填worse。 23．考查副词。句意：他们特别关注了美国的城市。分析句子结构可知，空白处修饰谓语动词paid，要用副词形式。故填especially。 24．考查固定短语。句意：根据地理学，靠近加拿大的城市气候较为温和甚至寒冷。according to意为“根据……”。故填to。 25．考查主谓一致。句意：那些靠近墨西哥的城市气候则更热且潮湿。分析句子结构可知，主语是代词those，为复数，而句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，所以这里be动词要用are。故填are。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家创造了一个天气模型来研究2080年的气候变化。分析句子结构可知，study the weather changes作前句的状语表示目的，要用动词不定式。故填to study。 27．考查冠词。句意：另一点是不断增高的温室气体水平。分析句子并结合上文“They considered two important points.”可知，这里符合“one...the other...”的结构，表示两者中的另一个。故填the。 28．考查形容词。句意：不幸的是，科学家发现的东西非常令人惊讶。分析句子可知，缺少表语，应用形容词surprising，表达“令人惊奇的”，强调事物给人的感受。故填surprising。 29．考查名词复数。句意：北方的城市变成了南方的城市，向南约500英里。mile是可数名词，其前用基数词500时要用复数形式。故填miles。 30．考查连词。句意：这对于美国人来说是坏消息，对于全世界的人来说也是，因为我们命运与共。分析句子可知，前后句存在并列的逻辑关系，要用表示并列的连词。故填and。 （23-24高二下·山东临沂·期中）语法填空 The world has just endured its hottest year on record, with global average temperatures 31 (break) historical records. There is no denying that climate change is one of the most urgent 32 (challenge) facing humankind. No one can be safe 33 the threat of climate change. China, the world's largest developing country and a responsible major country, 34 (overcome) many challenges by taking a series of measures so far. It has planned to peak its carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The country is set to achieve the highest 35 (reduce) in carbon intensity globally. 36 (addition), promoting clean energy and the low-carbon transformation of the economy 37 (be) now a globally accepted method of addressing climate change. Because of global warming, extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity. Building 38 solid front line of disaster prevention is crucial for dealing with the effects of extreme weather events. People are expected work together to 39 (deep) international cooperation and make greater contributions to building a clean and beautiful world and safeguarding the Earth, the only place 40 we can call home. 【答案】 31．breaking 32．challenges 33．from 34．has overcome 35．reduction 36．Additionally 37．is 38．a 39．deepen 40．that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了地球所面临的气候调整，中国为此做出的巨大贡献，呼吁全社会采取紧急行动，加强合作，减缓和适应气候变化，应对地球变暖带来的严峻挑战。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界刚刚经历了有记录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温打破了历史记录。分析句子可知，此处是with复合结构作状语，break作宾语补足语，与宾语temperatures是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填breaking。 32．考查名词复数。句意：不可否认，气候变化是人类面临的最紧迫的挑战之一。one of后接复数名词。故填challenges。 33．考查介词。句意：没有人能免受气候变化的威胁。safe from“免受……的伤害或危险；不受某种威胁或危险的影响”是固定短语。故填from。 34．考查时态。句意：中国，作为世界上最大的发展中国家和负责任大国，迄今为止采取了一系列措施，克服了诸多挑战。分析句子可知，overcome是谓语动词，由so far可知，用现在完成时，主语China是第三人称单数，助动词使用has，故填has overcome。 35．考查名词。句意：这个国家将实现全球最高的碳强度降低。此处作宾语，应用名词reduction，不可数名词。故填reduction。 36．考查副词。句意：另外，促进清洁能源和经济的低碳转型是目前全球公认的应对气候变化的方法。分析句子可知，此处修饰后面的句子，应用副词additionally，作状语，表示递进关系。故填Additionally。 37．考查时态。句意同上。句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是动名词短语promoting clean energy and the low-carbon transformation of the economy，be动词使用is。故填is。 38．考查冠词。句意：建立坚实的防灾前线对于应对极端天气事件的影响至关重要。分析句子可知，此处表示泛指，solid以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 39．考查非谓语动词。句意：希望各国人民携起手来，深化国际合作，为建设一个清洁美丽的世界，为保护我们唯一的家园地球作出更大贡献。分析句子可知，此处用不定式作目的状语，空前to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。故填deepen。 40．考查定语从句。句意：希望各国人民携起手来，深化国际合作，为建设一个清洁美丽的世界，为保护我们唯一的家园地球作出更大贡献。分析句子可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是place，指物，关系词从句中作宾语，且先行词有the only修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 （24-25高二上·江西宜春·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hiking tours are a kind of adventure tourism. Generally speaking, these vacations focus almost entirely 41 hiking from one place to another. Hiking tours can be regarded as a group activity or alone. There are many different ways of organizing hiking tours. Some people like to go out into the areas where there are very few people and travel over a long 42 (distant) from one place to another. They usually stay in hotels overnight before 43 (travel) to the next place on the following day. Guides can make hiking trips 44 (safe) and more focused. Some hikers prefer to take hiking tours without guides because of costs or because they want to challenge 45 (they). However, employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour 46 (consider) as a better choice for less experienced hikers. 47 activity can be very tiring, and those who are new to hiking may worry that they aren’t 48 (physical) able to finish the tours. Sometimes it can be helpful for people 49 (go) to the doctor and make sure 50 is safe for them to choose a difficult hike. Sometimes, a challenging hike can be deadly for someone having heart disease. 【答案】 41．on/upon 42．distance 43．travelling/traveling 44．safer 45．themselves 46．is considered 47．The 48．physically 49．to go 50．it 【导语】这是一篇说明文。徒步旅行是一种冒险旅游，文章对这项运动进行了介绍并提出了注意事项。 41．考查介词。句意：一般来说，这些假期几乎完全集中在徒步旅行从一个地方到另一个地方。focus on/upon意为“集中于”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。 42．考查名词。句意：有些人喜欢到人迹罕至的地方，从一个地方到另一个地方进行长途旅行。在介词over后应用名词单数distance表示“距离”作宾语，此处distance为可数名词。故填distance。 43．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们通常在酒店过夜，第二天再前往下一个地方。在介词before后应用动名词作宾语。故填travelling/traveling。 44．考查形容词比较级。句意：导游可以让徒步旅行更安全，更专注。根据more focused可知，此处应用形容词safe的比较级作宾语补足语。故填safer。 45．考查代词。句意：一些徒步旅行者更喜欢参加没有导游的徒步旅行，因为成本问题，或者因为他们想挑战自己。此处宾语和主语指代相同，所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 46．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，对于缺乏经验的徒步旅行者来说，在徒步旅行中雇佣可靠的向导是一个更好的选择。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，动词consider意为“认为”，和主语构成被动语态，故使用一般现在时的被动语态，动名词作主语，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填is considered。 47．考查冠词。句意：这项活动可能会很累，那些刚开始徒步旅行的人可能会担心他们的身体无法完成旅行。此处特指hiking这项活动，使用定冠词，首字母应大写。故填The。 48．考查副词。句意：这项活动可能会很累，那些刚开始徒步旅行的人可能会担心他们的身体无法完成旅程。空处修饰形容词able，应用副词physically表示“身体上”，作状语。故填physically。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，人们去看医生，确保选择艰难的徒步是安全的，这是有帮助的。此处it作形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to go。 50．考查it作形式主语。句意：同上。make sure后是省略that的宾语从句，此处to choose a difficult hike为真正的主语，应用it作形式主语。故填it。 （23-24高二下·广东肇庆·期中）语法填空 In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 51 animals. In 2013, the whole world 52 (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the rise in temperature, the polar bear seemed 53 (die) from lack of food. According to climate scientists, a key climate process, 54 is called the “greenhouse effect”, includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” green-house effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 55 (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, 56 (keep) Earth’s climate warm and habitable. However, the latter has become 57 big problem. When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise 58 (quick). The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 59 (disaster) worldwide. Climate scientists have warned that this warming trend will become 60 (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people allover the world to pay more attention to it. 【答案】 51．on 52．was shocked 53．to have died 54．which 55．enters 56．keeping 57．a 58．quickly 59．disasters 60．worse 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了气候变化对动物和环境的影响，以及我们如何应对这一全球性的挑战。 51．考查固定短语。句意：近年来，气候变化对动物产生了很大的影响。短语：have an impact on，意为“对……有影响”，符合句意。故填on。 52．考查时态和语态。句意：2013年，挪威北极斯瓦尔巴群岛上的一张北极熊死亡的新闻照片震惊了全世界。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in 2013”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the whole world”，单数，和“shock”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was shocked。 53．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于气温上升，这只北极熊似乎因食物短缺而死亡。这里为复合谓语动词，动词seem和动词不定式构成复合谓语；根据句意可知，不定式的动作发生在之前，用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have died。 54．考查定语从句。句意：根据气候科学家的说法，一个关键的气候过程，即所谓的“温室效应”，包括“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“a key climate process”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 55．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：前者指的是太阳热量进入大气层并温暖地球表面的事实。这里为从句的谓语动词，根据表语从句前的名词“fact”可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“heat from the sun”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填enters。 56．考查非谓语动词。句意：大气中的温室气体捕获部分热量，使地球气候保持温暖且适宜居住。非谓语动词担当状语，表示主句一句话所产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填keeping。 57．考查冠词。句意：然而，后者已经成为一个大问题。修饰可数名词单数“problem”，表示泛指，用不定冠词。故填a。 58．考查副词。句意：当人们燃烧化石燃料时，更多的热能被困在大气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式，修饰动词“rise”。故填quickly。 59．考查名词的数。句意：有证据表明，气温上升已经导致全球极端天气和自然灾害的增加。disaster是可数名词，根据句意，以及上文的“an increase in”可推测，空处为可数名词复数形式。故填disasters。 60．考查比较级。句意：气候科学家警告说，如果我们不采取适当的措施，这种变暖趋势将变得更糟。根据上文内容可知，目前全球正在变暖；再根据本句句意可知，如果不采取适当的措施，这种趋势会更糟糕，用形容词比较级。故填worse。 （23-24高二上·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently, a new type of weather condition called atmospheric lakes has been observed, existing 61 (primary) in one particular part of the world: small, slow-moving, moisture-rich (富含水气的) pools. This unique type of storm occurs over the western Indian Ocean and moves toward Africa. Compared with most storms 62 (create) by a vortex (漩涡), the lakes are produced by water vapor concentrations that are thick enough 63 (produce) rain. These atmospheric lakes are similar 64 atmospheric rivers, narrow bands of thick moisture. However, the new type of phenomenon is smaller and moving slower. Over the last five years, 17 atmospheric lakes lasting 65 (long) than six days have been discovered, within 10 degrees of the equator. A team is now being put together to run a full study on the phenomenon. One of the questions the researchers will be looking at is 66 atmospheric lakes separate themselves from the river-lake patterns they form from-it’s possibly due to the overall atmospheric wind patterns. Their next step is to gather more data, including more localized and 67 (detail) readings. 68 remains to be seen whether the concept of “atmospheric lake” can 69 (accept) widely or not. However, it is obviously an effective way to analyze various meteorological (气象的) 70 (phenomenon) and reveal their laws and possible impacts. 【答案】 61．primarily 62．created 63．to produce 64．to 65．longer 66．why 67．detailed 68．It 69．be accepted 70．phenomena 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了新型天气情况：大气湖，以及相关的一些研究情况。 61．考查副词。句意：最近，人们观察到一种称为大气湖的新型天气状况，主要存在于世界上的一个特定地区：小、移动缓慢、富含水气的池塘。分析句意可知，此处形容词primary“主要的”需要改为副词形式，修饰动词existing“存在”。故填primarily。 62．考查过去分词。句意：与大多数由漩涡形成的风暴相比，湖泊是由水蒸气浓度产生的，其浓度足以产生雨水。分析句意可知，动词create“创造”需要改为过去分词形式，作定语修饰storms“风暴”，因为其与storm形成被动关系。故填created。 63．考查不定式。句意：与大多数由漩涡形成的风暴相比，湖泊是由水蒸气浓度产生的，其浓度足以产生雨水。be +形容词+enough+to do sth。故填to produce。 64．考查介词。句意：这些大气湖泊类似于大气河流，是一条狭窄的湿气带。分析句意可知，此处使用了be similar to“与…相似”这一结构，比较大气湖泊和大气河流。故填to。 65．考查比较级。句意：在过去的五年中，在距离赤道10度以内发现了17个持续时间超过6天的大气湖泊。分析句意可知，此处形容词long“时间长的”需要使用比较级longer，表示比6天时间更长。故填longer。 66．考查表语从句。句意：研究人员将要研究的问题之一是，大气湖泊为什么与它们形成的河湖模式分开-这可能是由于整体的大气风模式。分析句意可知，此处is后接表语从句，使关系副词用why“为什么”引导，因为后文给出了回答it’s possibly due to“这可能是因为”。故填why。 67．考查形容词。句意：他们的下一步是收集更多数据，包括更本地化和详细的读数。分析句意可知， 名词detail“细节”需要改为形容词detailed“详细的”，作定语修饰readings“测量仪器上的读数”。故填detailed。 68．考查代词。句意：“大气湖”的概念能否被广泛接受，还有待观察。分析句意可知，此处需要使用代词it作形式主语，因为真正的主语为whether引导的主语从句，为避免头重脚轻，将主语从句放在句末。故填It。 69．考查被动语态。句意：“大气湖”的概念能否被广泛接受，还有待观察。分析句意可知，此处谓语动词accept“接受”使用被动语态，表示“这一观点是否能够被接受”。故填be accepted。 70．考查名词复数。句意：然而，这显然是分析各种气象现象并揭示其规律和可能影响的有效途径。分析句意可知，可数名词phenomenon“现象”需要使用复数形式phenomena，且前文有形容词various“各种各样的”修饰。故填phenomena。 （21-22高二下·山东潍坊·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Climate change is a familiar topic to us for decades. There is little doubt 71 Earth is getting warmer and warmer. A lot of evidence 72 (indicate) a dramatic change in the global climate. The increase in temperature has 73 impact on Earth’s ecology. In 2013, a news photo of a dead polar bear which 74 (find) on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard made a lot of people 75 (shock). In addition, there is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, 76 (cause) great loss of life and property. Climate scientists have warned that this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a 77 (high) price to pay, if we do not take appropriate actions. “Greenhouse effect” is a key factor in clime change. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result 78 further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. Governments should make 79 (policy) and take appropriate actions and measures. Individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity 80 (educate) everyone about global warming. 【答案】 71．that 72．indicates 73．an 74．was found 75．shocked 76．causing 77．higher 78．in 79．policies 80．to educate 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球气候变暖会带来的负面影响。 71．考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，地球正在变得越来越暖。空处引导同位语从句，对名词doubt进行解释说明，从句成分和意义都完整，应用that引导。故填that。 72．考查时态。句意：许多证据表明全球气候发生了巨大的变化。空处为句子谓语动词，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语evidence不可数，看作第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填indicates。 73．考查冠词。句意：气温的升高对地球的生态产生了影响。结合句意表达“对……有影响”应用have an impact on，impact的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 74．考查时态语态。句意：2013年，在挪威的北极斯瓦尔巴群岛发现了一只死亡北极熊的新闻照片，这让很多人感到震惊。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语which（指代先行词a bear）和find之间为被动关系，结合时间状语in 2013判断用一般过去时的被动语态，which是单数意义，故填was found。 75．考查形容词。句意同上。分析可知，空处应填形容词作宾补，修饰people，表示人的主观感受，应用v-ed形式的形容词。故填shocked。 76．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，有强有力和全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增加，造成巨大的生命和财产损失。空处为状语，应用非谓语动词，表自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填causing。 77．考查形容词比较级。句意：气候科学家警告说，这种变暖趋势可能会持续下去，如果我们不采取适当的行动，将会付出更高的代价。修饰名词price应用形容词，结合语境和上文“this warming trend will probably continue”可知，如果这种变暖驱使继续下去，人类将会付出更高的代价，故应用high的比较级higher。故填higher。 78．考查介词。句意：持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和长期变化。结合句意表达“导致”应用result in。故填in。 79．考查名词的数。句意：政府应该制定政策，采取适当的行动和措施。policy“政策”是可数名词，结合下文actions和measures判断应用其复数形式。故填policies。 80．考查不定式。句意：抓住每一个机会教育每个人关于全球变暖的知识是我们的责任。opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to educate。 （24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sayram Lake, known as a pearl on the mountain, is the 81 (large) and highest alpine lake in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The lake lies in a mountain basin in the western part of Tianshan Mountain and 82 is the only way to Ili Prefecture. In ancient China, the lake 83 (call) the “clean sea”. It is also known as the “Atlantic Ocean’s last teardrop”, because it is the farthest place 84 the warm and humid(潮湿的) air current of the Atlantic Ocean reaches. 85 (locate) 2,071 meters above sea level and measuring about 30 kilometers long and about 25 kilometers wide, the lake covers 86 area of 458 square kilometers. The main source of the lake is ground water, in addition to some snow and river water. The lake rises 87 3 to 5 centimeters every year with its area 88 (continue) to grow. The water in the lake is clean and peaceful, 89 (attract) flocks of ducks and swans. Flourishing cedar(雪松) trees cover the whole mountain. Herds of horses and sheep graze on the grassland. The lake has become a top 90 (choose) for lovers to take wedding photos and spend their honeymoon. 【答案】 81．largest 82．it 83．was called 84．that 85．Located 86．an 87．by 88．continuing 89．attracting 90．choice 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新疆赛里木湖。 81．考查形容词最高级。句意：素有“山中明珠”之称的赛里木湖是新疆维吾尔自治区最大、海拔最高的高山湖泊。根据空前“the”以及与空后“highest”为并列结构，所填应是形容词最高级。故填largest。 82．考查代词it。句意：该湖位于天山西部的一个山间盆地中，是通往伊犁州的唯一途径。“__2___ is the only way to Ili Prefecture”为一个完整的句子，所填空应该是主语；结合句意可知，主语应是前文“Sayram Lake(赛里木湖)”，可用人称代词it指代。故填it。 83．考查时态语态。句意：在中国古代，这个湖被称为“净海”。所填动词作句子的谓语动词。根据时间“In ancient China”可知，句子用一般过去时；且主语“the lake”与动词“call”之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was called。 84．考查定语从句引导词。句意：它也被称为“大西洋最后的泪珠”，因为它是大西洋温暖潮湿的气流到达的最远的地方。“____4____ the warm and humid air current of the Atlantic Ocean reaches”为之前“the farthest place”的定语从句，先行词在从句中作动词reaches的宾语，且由形容词最高级修饰，用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 85．考查非谓语动词。句意：该湖海拔2071米，长约30公里，宽约25公里，面积458平方公里。“____5____ (locate) 2,071 meters above sea level”为句子的状语，动词用非谓语形式。主语“the lake”与动词“locate”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Located。 86．考查不定冠词。句意：该湖海拔2071米，长约30公里，宽约25公里，面积458平方公里。“cover an area of…”，固定短语，意为“占地面积……”。故填an。 87．考查介词和固定短语。句意：这个湖每年上升3到5厘米，面积也在持续增长。根据后文“…to grow(继续增长)”可推知，这里“3 to 5 centimeters every year”应是每年增长了3到5厘米。“rise by”，“增长了”。故填by。 88．考查with复合结构。句意：这个湖每年上升3到5厘米，面积也在持续增长。“with its area ____8____ (continue) to grow”为with复合结构作状语，“its area”与动词“continue”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填continuing。 89．考查非谓语动词。句意：湖中的水清澈而宁静，吸引了成群的鸭子和天鹅。“__9____ (attract) flocks of ducks and swans”为结果状语，主表示一种自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填attracting。 90．考查名词。句意：这个湖已经成为情侣们拍摄婚纱照和度蜜月的首选。“a top____10_____(choose)”应是名词短语，所填为可数名词单数。“choose”，动词，意为“选择”，其名词形式为“choice(选择)”，可数名词。故填choice。 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. China’s first giant panda college in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, which is also the 91 (recognize) hometown to giant pandas, began the first grouping of official enrollments (招生), according to China West Normal University(CWNU). The college under CWNU 92 (establish) last September by the Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Administration. CWNU is the earliest, longest-lasting and most 93 (influence) university in the field of wild panda ecology, and since the 1970 s, the university 94 (devote) itself to giant panda research and has achieved world-wide attention for its researches over years. A teacher at the college, Wei Wei, said that students can have access 95 opportunities to gain hands-on experiences during their college studies, participating in work related to giant panda 96 (conserve), and disease prevention and control. Many netizens argue that the college makes 97 possible for students to interact with giant pandas. Some graduate’s even express their desire to return to the college and pursue this new major. 98 (apparent), on the basis of the present situation, the college is set to play 99 important role in protecting the ecological environment, restoring animals’ habitat, constructing a panda national park, 100 (promote) panda population growth, and facilitating reintroduction into the wild. 【答案】 91．recognized 92．was established 93．influential 94．has devoted 95．to 96．conservation 97．it 98．Apparently 99．an 100．promoting 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国首所大熊猫学院在四川省开始首批官方招生的消息，并介绍了该学院的背景、成立目的以及相关的教育和研究活动。 91．考查非谓语动词。句意：据中国西华师范大学（CWNU）报道，中国首所大熊猫学院已于中国西南部四川省正式开启首批官方招生工作，四川省是大熊猫公认的故乡。空处为非谓语动词担当定语，意为“得到认可的”，用过去分词形式。故填recognized。 92．考查谓语动词。句意：该学院隶属于西华师范大学，去年9月由四川省林业和草原局成立。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“last September”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“the college”，单数，和动词“establish”之间为被动关系。故填was established。 93．考查形容词。句意：西华师范大学是野生大熊猫生态领域最早成立、历史最悠久、最具影响力的大学，自20世纪70年代以来，该校一直致力于大熊猫研究，并因其多年的研究成果而获得了全世界的关注。空处为形容词形式修饰空后的名词。故填influential。 94．考查谓语动词。句意：西华师范大学是野生大熊猫生态领域最早成立、历史最悠久、最具影响力的大学，自20世纪70年代以来，该校一直致力于大熊猫研究，并因其多年的研究成果而获得了全世界的关注。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“since the 1970s”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“the university”，单数，和动词“devote”之间为主动关系。故填has devoted。 95．考查固定搭配。句意：学院教师魏伟表示，学生在学习期间将有机会获得实践经验，参与大熊猫保护、疾病防控等相关工作。固定搭配：have access to，意为“有机会……”，符合句意。故填to。 96．考查名词。句意：学院教师魏伟表示，学生在学习期间将有机会获得实践经验，参与大熊猫保护、疾病防控等相关工作。空处为名词形式担当宾语，意为“保护”。故填conservation。 97．考查代词。句意：许多网友认为，该学院的成立使学生有机会与大熊猫进行互动。空处为代词担当形式宾语，代指真正的宾语“to interact with giant pandas”，用代词“it”。故填it。 98．考查副词。句意：显然，基于目前的形势，该学院将在保护生态环境、恢复动物栖息地、建设大熊猫国家公园、促进大熊猫种群增长以及协助大熊猫野外放归等方面发挥重要作用。空处为副词形式担当状语，意为“显然”，符合句意；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Apparently。 99．考查冠词。句意：显然，基于目前的形势，该学院将在保护生态环境、恢复动物栖息地、建设大熊猫国家公园、促进大熊猫种群增长以及协助大熊猫野外放归等方面发挥重要作用。修饰名词单数，表泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。 100．考查非谓语动词。句意：显然，基于目前的形势，该学院将在保护生态环境、恢复动物栖息地、建设大熊猫国家公园、促进大熊猫种群增长以及协助大熊猫野外放归等方面发挥重要作用。空处为非谓语动词担当介词后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填promoting。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重点话题36人与自然-自然生态 语法填空 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） “人与自然-自然生态” 语法填空中的高频单词和短语： 一、高频单词 1.生态系统与环境类 ecosystem：生态系统 ecology：生态学；生态 environment：环境 habitat：栖息地 2.生物与物种类 creature：生物 species：物种 biodiversity：生物多样性 bacteria：细菌 plant：植物animal：动物 3.环境问题与灾害类 pollution：污染 global warming：全球变暖 climate change：气候变化 disaster：灾难；灾祸 flood：洪水，水灾 drought：旱灾，干旱 4.资源与能源类 resource：资源 source：源头；来源 substitute：替代品 power：电力；能量 5.动作与行为类 protect：保护 preserve：保护；保存 damage：伤害，损伤 destroy：破坏；摧毁 二、高频短语 1.介词短语 in harmony with：与…… 和谐共处 in danger of：处于…… 的危险中 due to：由于；因为 as a result of：由于…… 的结果 in the face of：面对 2.动词短语 die out：灭绝 cut down：砍伐；削减 set up：建立；设立 take measures：采取措施 raise awareness：提高意识 natural resources：自然资源 wildlife protection：野生动物保护 sustainable development：可持续发展 greenhouse effect：温室效应 climate crisis：气候危机 三、高二英语 “人与自然-自然生态” 语法填空的考法考点 高二英语 “人与自然-自然生态” 语法填空主要从词法和句法等方面进行考查，以下是具体的考法考点： 1.词法考点 （1）名词 单复数：根据语境判断名词是用单数还是复数形式，如 “Many species in the wild are facing the threat of extinction.（species 在 many 后用复数形式）”。 所有格：考查名词所有格的用法，如 “the earth's environment（表示地球的环境）”。 （2）动词 时态和语态：根据上下文语境确定动词的时态，如一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等，同时判断是否需要使用被动语态，如 “The forest is being cut down at an alarming rate.（现在进行时的被动语态）”。 非谓语动词：常考不定式、动名词和分词作主语、宾语、定语、状语等，如 “To protect the environment, we should take some practical measures.（不定式作目的状语）”。 （3）形容词和副词 词性转换：根据句子结构和语境，判断是用形容词还是副词，如 “Environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious.（increasingly 为副词修饰形容词 serious）”。 比较级和最高级：考查形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法，如 “This area has more wildlife than that one.（比较级）”。 （4）代词 人称代词：主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法，如 “We should do our best to protect nature.（our 为形容词性物主代词）”。 不定代词：some, any, no, every 等构成的不定代词的用法，如 “Some animals are in danger of dying out.（some 表示一些）”。 （4）冠词 定冠词和不定冠词：考查定冠词 the 和不定冠词 a/an 的用法，如 “The panda is a symbol of wildlife protection.（the 表特指，a 表泛指）”。 零冠词：在一些固定搭配或特定语境中不用冠词的情况，如 “in nature（固定搭配，不加冠词）”。 （5）介词 固定搭配：考查与 “人与自然 - 自然生态” 相关的介词短语搭配，如 “in the process of environmental protection（在环境保护的过程中）”。 介词的基本用法：如表示时间、地点、方式等的介词用法，如 “at the foot of the mountain（在山脚下）”。 2.句法考点 （1）定语从句 关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose 等的用法，如 “The river which/that flows through the city is polluted.（which/that 指代先行词 river 在从句中作主语）”。 关系副词：where, when, why 等的用法，如 “This is the place where many rare plants grow.（where 在从句中作地点状语）”。 （2）名词性从句 主语从句：如 “What we do to the environment will come back to us.（what 引导主语从句并在从句中作 do 的宾语）”。 宾语从句：如 “I believe that we can make the earth a better place.（that 引导宾语从句）”。 表语从句：如 “The problem is how we can protect the wildlife.（how 引导表语从句）”。 （3）状语从句 时间状语从句：when, while, as, after, before 等引导的从句，如 “When it rains heavily, the river may flood.（when 引导时间状语从句）”。 原因状语从句：because, since, as, for 等引导的从句，如 “Since the climate is changing, we need to take action.（since 引导原因状语从句）”。 让步状语从句：although, though, even if, even though 等引导的从句，如 “Although/Though it is difficult, we should still try to protect the ecosystem.（although/though 引导让步状语从句）”。 3.特殊句式 强调句：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...，如 “It is human activities that have caused serious environmental problems.（强调 human activities）”。 倒装句：如 Only in this way can we protect the environment.（only 位于句首，句子部分倒装）”。 四、高二英语 “人与自然-自然生态” 语法填空精练题 （24-25高二上·湖北黄冈·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We’ve all heard the claims that by 2050, coffee, as we know, is set to dramatically change or disappear! A recent study published on PLOS One predicts 1 overall decline in the world’s suitable growing land for coffee by 2050. An earlier report by the Climate Institute found that coffee production could 2 (cut) in half due to climate change. Warming temperatures have started to introduce several new 3 (threat) to the production of coffee, ranging from unsuitable growing temperatures to new warmer weather pests. And pests reproduce and spread quicker in 4 (hot) climates. Then we have natural disasters, 5 the droughts in Brazil, which led to market prices doubling, and the floods in Timor-Estelle, both in 2021. These weather events will continue to get worse, 6 (destroy) coffee farmland beyond repair unless we stop deforestation, reduce emissions and expand conservation plans. While a reduced coffee supply will be difficult for consumers, it will be 7 (absolute) disastrous for the 25 million farmers 8 livelihoods depend on it. These are some of the poorest communities in the world, who don’t have the resources 9 (stay) and fight or pack up their farms and move to cooler climates. Then there are millions of people 10 (employ) in packaging, distributing, selling and brewing the coffee we all love. （23-24高二下·云南昆明·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Insect numbers have decreased by half in some parts of the world due 11 climate change and intensive agriculture (集约型农业), a study has found. Lead researcher, Dr. Charlie Outhwaite of University College London, said 12 (lose) insect populations could be harmful not only to the natural environment, but also to human health and food security, 13 (particular) with losses of pollinators (传粉昆虫). However, scientific data gives 14 mixed picture, with some types of insects showing sharp declines, while others are staying steady. In the latest study, the researchers pulled together data on the range and number of nearly, 20, 000 insect species, including bees, ants, etc, at 6,000 different 15 (place). In areas with intensive agriculture and severe warming, insect numbers 16 (reduce) by 49% so far and the number of different species by 27%, compared with untouched areas   17 have avoided the most severe effects of climate change, according to the research 18 (publish) in Nature. But the researchers said there was some cause for hope in that setting aside areas of land for nature created a shelter for insects, which need shade 19 (survive) in hot weather. “Some 20 (care) management of agricultural areas such as preserving natural habitats near farmland, may help ensure vital insects can still grow well,” said Dr. Charlie Outhwaite. （23-24高二下·安徽合肥·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Temperatures around the world are rising. Many places 21 (experience) extreme weather events such as extreme heat since the start of the new century. Scientists have shown all that is going to get even 22 (bad). They looked at cities in the north half of the planet. They 23 (especial) paid attention to those in the US. According 24 simple geography, the cities near Canada have cool to mild weather. Those near Mexico 25 (be) hotter and more humid. However, things are going to look and feel a lot different in 2080. The scientists created a weather model 26 (study) the weather changes in 2080. They considered two important points. One was the warming of the planet by 1.5℃ to 3℃ and 27 other was the increasing greenhouse gas levels. Unluckily, what the scientists found was 28 (surprise)! The cities in the north turned into ones in the south—about 500 29 (mile) south. For example, Washington D．C． felt like Greenwood, Mississippi, and Mississippi felt like Mexico. That’s bad news for people in the US, 30 is also bad for people everywhere because we’re all in the same boat. （23-24高二下·山东临沂·期中）语法填空 The world has just endured its hottest year on record, with global average temperatures 31 (break) historical records. There is no denying that climate change is one of the most urgent 32 (challenge) facing humankind. No one can be safe 33 the threat of climate change. China, the world's largest developing country and a responsible major country, 34 (overcome) many challenges by taking a series of measures so far. It has planned to peak its carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The country is set to achieve the highest 35 (reduce) in carbon intensity globally. 36 (addition), promoting clean energy and the low-carbon transformation of the economy 37 (be) now a globally accepted method of addressing climate change. Because of global warming, extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity. Building 38 solid front line of disaster prevention is crucial for dealing with the effects of extreme weather events. People are expected work together to 39 (deep) international cooperation and make greater contributions to building a clean and beautiful world and safeguarding the Earth, the only place 40 we can call home. （24-25高二上·江西宜春·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hiking tours are a kind of adventure tourism. Generally speaking, these vacations focus almost entirely 41 hiking from one place to another. Hiking tours can be regarded as a group activity or alone. There are many different ways of organizing hiking tours. Some people like to go out into the areas where there are very few people and travel over a long 42 (distant) from one place to another. They usually stay in hotels overnight before 43 (travel) to the next place on the following day. Guides can make hiking trips 44 (safe) and more focused. Some hikers prefer to take hiking tours without guides because of costs or because they want to challenge 45 (they). However, employing a reliable guide during a hiking tour 46 (consider) as a better choice for less experienced hikers. 47 activity can be very tiring, and those who are new to hiking may worry that they aren’t 48 (physical) able to finish the tours. Sometimes it can be helpful for people 49 (go) to the doctor and make sure 50 is safe for them to choose a difficult hike. Sometimes, a challenging hike can be deadly for someone having heart disease. （23-24高二下·广东肇庆·期中）语法填空 In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 51 animals. In 2013, the whole world 52 (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the rise in temperature, the polar bear seemed 53 (die) from lack of food. According to climate scientists, a key climate process, 54 is called the “greenhouse effect”, includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” green-house effect. The former refers to the fact that heat from the sun 55 (enter) the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat, 56 (keep) Earth’s climate warm and habitable. However, the latter has become 57 big problem. When people burn fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise 58 (quick). The evidence shows that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural 59 (disaster) worldwide. Climate scientists have warned that this warming trend will become 60 (bad) if we do not take appropriate measures. The severe situation requires people allover the world to pay more attention to it. （23-24高二上·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently, a new type of weather condition called atmospheric lakes has been observed, existing 61 (primary) in one particular part of the world: small, slow-moving, moisture-rich (富含水气的) pools. This unique type of storm occurs over the western Indian Ocean and moves toward Africa. Compared with most storms 62 (create) by a vortex (漩涡), the lakes are produced by water vapor concentrations that are thick enough 63 (produce) rain. These atmospheric lakes are similar 64 atmospheric rivers, narrow bands of thick moisture. However, the new type of phenomenon is smaller and moving slower. Over the last five years, 17 atmospheric lakes lasting 65 (long) than six days have been discovered, within 10 degrees of the equator. A team is now being put together to run a full study on the phenomenon. One of the questions the researchers will be looking at is 66 atmospheric lakes separate themselves from the river-lake patterns they form from-it’s possibly due to the overall atmospheric wind patterns. Their next step is to gather more data, including more localized and 67 (detail) readings. 68 remains to be seen whether the concept of “atmospheric lake” can 69 (accept) widely or not. However, it is obviously an effective way to analyze various meteorological (气象的) 70 (phenomenon) and reveal their laws and possible impacts. （21-22高二下·山东潍坊·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Climate change is a familiar topic to us for decades. There is little doubt 71 Earth is getting warmer and warmer. A lot of evidence 72 (indicate) a dramatic change in the global climate. The increase in temperature has 73 impact on Earth’s ecology. In 2013, a news photo of a dead polar bear which 74 (find) on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard made a lot of people 75 (shock). In addition, there is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, 76 (cause) great loss of life and property. Climate scientists have warned that this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a 77 (high) price to pay, if we do not take appropriate actions. “Greenhouse effect” is a key factor in clime change. Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result 78 further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. Governments should make 79 (policy) and take appropriate actions and measures. Individuals can reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity 80 (educate) everyone about global warming. （24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sayram Lake, known as a pearl on the mountain, is the 81 (large) and highest alpine lake in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The lake lies in a mountain basin in the western part of Tianshan Mountain and 82 is the only way to Ili Prefecture. In ancient China, the lake 83 (call) the “clean sea”. It is also known as the “Atlantic Ocean’s last teardrop”, because it is the farthest place 84 the warm and humid(潮湿的) air current of the Atlantic Ocean reaches. 85 (locate) 2,071 meters above sea level and measuring about 30 kilometers long and about 25 kilometers wide, the lake covers 86 area of 458 square kilometers. The main source of the lake is ground water, in addition to some snow and river water. The lake rises 87 3 to 5 centimeters every year with its area 88 (continue) to grow. The water in the lake is clean and peaceful, 89 (attract) flocks of ducks and swans. Flourishing cedar(雪松) trees cover the whole mountain. Herds of horses and sheep graze on the grassland. The lake has become a top 90 (choose) for lovers to take wedding photos and spend their honeymoon. （24-25高二上·辽宁·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. China’s first giant panda college in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, which is also the 91 (recognize) hometown to giant pandas, began the first grouping of official enrollments (招生), according to China West Normal University(CWNU). The college under CWNU 92 (establish) last September by the Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Administration. CWNU is the earliest, longest-lasting and most 93 (influence) university in the field of wild panda ecology, and since the 1970 s, the university 94 (devote) itself to giant panda research and has achieved world-wide attention for its researches over years. A teacher at the college, Wei Wei, said that students can have access 95 opportunities to gain hands-on experiences during their college studies, participating in work related to giant panda 96 (conserve), and disease prevention and control. Many netizens argue that the college makes 97 possible for students to interact with giant pandas. Some graduate’s even express their desire to return to the college and pursue this new major. 98 (apparent), on the basis of the present situation, the college is set to play 99 important role in protecting the ecological environment, restoring animals’ habitat, constructing a panda national park, 100 (promote) panda population growth, and facilitating reintroduction into the wild. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$