重点话题34人与自然 自然生态 阅读理解 -【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读重点提升（通用版）

话题34人与自然-自然生态 阅读理解 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读重点提升（通用版） “人与自然-环境保护”的语法填空高频单词和短语： 一、高频单词 1.生态系统与环境类 ecosystem：生态系统 ecology：生态学 ecological：生态的 environment：环境 atmosphere：氛围 habitat：栖息地，生活环境 desertification：沙漠化 deforestation：森林采伐 2.生物与物种类 creature：生物 species：物种 diversity：多样性 bacteria：细菌 biology：生物学 biologist：生物学家 wildlife：野生动植物 3.环境问题与灾害类 global warming：全球变暖 greenhouse gas：温室气体 sustainable：可持续的 emission：排放 climate change：气候变化 disaster：灾难 flood：洪水 drought：旱灾 4.资源与能源类 resource：资源 source：源头 substitute：替代品storage：存储 shortage：缺乏renewable：可再生的 2、 高频短语 1.人与自然关系类 live in harmony with nature：与自然和谐共处 be kind to nature：善待大自然 keep ecological balance：保持生态平衡 maintain biodiversity：保持生物多样性 2.保护与措施类 conserve natural habitats：保护天然栖息地 set up nature reserves：建立自然保护区 raise people's awareness of：提高人们的…… 意识 take measures：采取措施 3.变化与影响类 cause great damage：造成极大伤害 lead to：导致 result in：造成；致使 have an impact on：对…… 有影响 4.其他相关类 natural disasters：自然灾害 wild animals and plants：野生动植物 die out：灭绝 fall into ruins：沦为废墟 三、人与自然-自然生态类阅读理解解题技巧： 自然生态类阅读理解题通常涉及生态系统、环境保护、动植物等方面的内容，以下是一些解题技巧： （一）.阅读技巧 （1）快速浏览全文：先快速浏览文章标题、首尾段、每段首句等，了解文章的主题和大致内容结构，明确是关于某种生态现象的介绍、环境问题的探讨，还是对某个自然保护区的描述等，对文章有一个整体的框架认知。 （2）精读关键句：注意文中表达作者观点、态度的句子，以及表示因果、转折、对比等逻辑关系的句子，这些句子往往是理解文章和解题的关键。例如，“However, recent studies have shown that this seemingly harmless behavior can actually have a significant impact on the ecosystem.” 就提示了后文可能会具体阐述某种行为对生态系统的影响。 （3）圈画关键词：阅读过程中，把涉及生态概念、物种名称、数据、时间等关键词圈画出来，方便在答题时快速定位和查找信息。比如，看到 “Amazon rainforest”“endangered species” 等词要重点关注。 （二）解题技巧 1.细节理解题 （1）准确定位：根据题干中的关键词，如人名、地名、物种名、数字等，在原文中找到对应的位置，然后仔细阅读相关内容，与选项进行比对，注意选项可能是对原文的同义替换、改写或概括。 （2）排除干扰项：常见的干扰项有与原文内容不符、以偏概全、无中生有等。比如选项中提到的某个细节在原文中根本没有提及，或者把部分情况说成整体情况，就可以排除。 2.主旨大意题 （1）综合各段大意：文章的主旨往往是各段内容的综合和升华，总结每段的主要内容，提炼出共同的主题和核心观点，一般来说，首段和尾段对主旨的体现较为明显。 （2）分析标题作用：标题通常具有概括文章主要内容、点明主题的作用，从标题入手，思考文章围绕标题展开了哪些方面的内容，有助于把握主旨。 3.推理判断题 （1）依据原文推理：推理必须以原文内容为依据，不能主观臆断。例如，根据文章中提到的某种动物栖息地的破坏情况，可以合理推断出这种动物可能面临的生存危机，但不能过度推断出一些没有依据的结论。 （2）结合常识辅助：有些时候可以结合自己已有的自然生态方面的常识来帮助推理，但要注意不能与文章内容冲突，常识只是起到辅助理解和判断的作用。 4.词义猜测题 （1）根据上下文语境：通过生词所在句子的前后文来推测其含义，句子中可能会有同义词、反义词、解释说明等线索。比如，“The deforestation has led to the degradation of the ecosystem, making it more vulnerable to various disasters.” 根据前文提到的森林砍伐对生态系统的影响，可以猜出 “vulnerable” 可能是 “脆弱的” 意思。 （2）利用构词法：了解一些常见的词根、词缀的含义，有助于猜测生词的意思。如 “eco-” 表示 “生态的”，“bio-” 表示 “生物的”，“-tion” 是名词后缀等，通过分析单词的构成来推测词义。 （二）检查技巧 （1）答案回查：做完题目后，将答案代入原文中进行检查，看是否与原文内容相符，逻辑是否通顺，尤其是细节题和推理题，要确保答案在原文中有依据。 （2）整体检查：检查答案之间是否存在逻辑矛盾，比如在回答主旨题和细节题时，答案应该是相互呼应、不冲突的，如果发现有矛盾的地方，要重新思考和判断。 四、高二英语“人与自然-自然生态” 主题阅读理解的考法考点 高二英语 “人与自然-自然生态” 主题阅读理解在考试中通常有以下几种考法和对应的考点： 1.细节理解题 （1）事实细节：考查学生对文章中关于自然生态的具体信息的理解和把握，如某种动植物的特征、生态系统的组成部分、环境问题的具体表现等。例如：According to the passage, what is the main cause of the decline in the number of bees? 答案可能需要从文中提到的农药使用、栖息地破坏等具体原因中寻找。 （2）数据信息：文中可能会出现一些关于自然生态的数据，如某种濒危物种的数量、森林面积的变化等，题目会考查学生对这些数据的准确理解和提取。如：How many square kilometers has the Arctic ice sheet decreased in the past decade? （3）行为或事件细节：针对文中人物或生物的行为、发生的事件等设置问题，如科学家为保护某种动物采取了哪些措施，某种自然现象导致了什么具体后果等。 2.主旨大意题 （1）文章主旨：要求学生概括文章的中心思想，可能是关于一种自然生态现象的介绍、对某个环境问题的探讨、对人与自然关系的思考等。常见提问方式如：What is the main idea of the passage? （2）段落大意：考查学生对文章某一段落主要内容的理解，需要学生能够提炼段落的核心观点和关键信息。例如：What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? （3）标题归纳：让学生为文章选择最合适的标题，标题要能够准确概括文章的主要内容，同时具有一定的吸引力和概括性。如：Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 3.推理判断题 （1）隐含意义推理：要求学生根据文章中提供的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的隐含意义，如某种生态问题可能带来的未来影响、人们对自然生态保护的态度变化趋势等。题干可能是：It can be inferred from the passage that _. （2）作者意图推理：考查学生对作者写作目的和意图的理解，判断作者是想呼吁人们保护环境、介绍某种自然知识还是批判某种破坏生态的行为等。常见问法有：What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? （3）逻辑关系推理：根据文章中的因果、对比、转折等逻辑关系进行推理，比如根据文中提到的环境变化和生物数量变化的关系，推断两者之间的因果联系。 4.词义猜测题 （1）生词猜测：文章中会出现一些学生可能不熟悉的与自然生态相关的生词，要求学生根据上下文语境、构词法等猜测词义。如：The word "pesticide" in Paragraph 2 probably means _. （2）熟词生义：考查一些常见词汇在自然生态语境中的特殊含义，学生需要结合上下文来理解其具体意思。例如：The term "yield" in this passage does not mean the usual "produce" but something related to the impact on the ecosystem. What does it mean here? （3）指代猜测：文中可能会出现一些代词，如 it, they, this 等，要求学生判断它们所指代的具体内容，通常是前文提到的某个生态概念、物种、现象等。如：What does "it" refer to in the sentence "It is a serious threat to the local ecosystem"? 5.观点态度题 （1）作者观点态度：考查学生对作者在文章中表达的对自然生态问题、保护措施等方面的观点和态度，是支持、反对还是中立，是乐观还是担忧等。常见提问方式：What is the author's attitude towards the measures taken to protect the rainforest? （2）文中人物观点态度：文章中可能会提到不同人物对自然生态相关问题的看法，题目会要求学生判断这些人物的观点态度及其依据。如：What is Dr. Smith's opinion on the new environmental policy? 五、“人与自然-自然生态” 主题阅读理解精练题 （24-25高二上·辽宁沈阳·期末）Sharks and their relatives are some of the most threatened vertebrates (脊椎动物) on Earth. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans - and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially serious. The study by Simpfendorfer with his team is the result of a worldwide cooperation called the Global FinPrint project. The data analyzed include more than 20,000 hours of standardized underwater video taken at nearly 400 reefs in 67 countries around the world. It reveals declines of 60 to 73% of once-abundant coral reef shark species at reefs around the world. However, the findings of Simpfendorfer with his team include signs of hope and a clear path forward. Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations. A country that lacks the resources to feed its people is less able to sustainably manage and protect its biodiversity. The most unexpected result of the study is that a decline or complete loss of shark species in one reef was not always associated with similar changes in nearby reefs. They found that one reef can be overly fished so badly that a once-common reef shark species is totally gone, but another reef a short distance away can have healthy populations of that same species. It is likely that healthy populations can eventually help repopulate nearby areas The problem is clear - animals that provide ecosystem services that are vital for human food security and livelihoods are disappearing at an alarming rate. The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans. But apparently, the findings have shown a way. If the threat that led to population decline are resolved, then these important and threatened animals may recover. 1．Why is Simpfendorfer with his team mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the result of global cooperation. B．To state the urgency of protecting the earth. C．To show the severe conditions of certain sharks. D．To present the figures of their contributions to sharks. 2．Simpfendorfer’s research found that healthy reef shark populations remained because of . A．strict laws in rich countries B．developed countries C．similarities between other waters D．public awareness of protecting reefs 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Changes in reefs lead to loss of shark species. B．Humans and animals depend on each other in ecosystem. C．It’s not clear whether humans cause damage to biodiversity. D．The declined shark species have nothing to do with overfishing. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Sharp decline of coral reefs. B．Potential recovery of reef sharks. C．Global cooperation of saving sharks. D．Amazing discovery of coral reefs. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现，因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏，礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重，但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It reveals declines of 60 to 73% of once-abundant coral reef shark species at reefs around the world. (该报告显示，世界各地曾经丰富的珊瑚礁鲨鱼物种减少了60%至73%)”可知，第二段提到Simpfendorfer和他的团队是为了引出关于珊瑚礁的研究报告，显示某些鲨鱼的严重状况。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations. (他们的研究结果表明，尽管许多珊瑚礁的鲨鱼数量下降了，但一些健康的珊瑚礁鲨鱼数量仍然存在。鲨鱼数量更健康的珊瑚礁有一些重要的相似之处:它们往往位于自然资源管理法规更强的高收入国家的水域。)”可知，Simpfendorfer的研究发现，由于发达国家有严格的法律，健康的礁鲨种群仍然存在。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans. (鲨鱼及其提供的生态系统服务的丧失是一场生态灾难，可能对人类造成重大伤害。)”可知，鲨鱼及其提供的生态系统服务的丧失是一场生态灾难，会对人类造成重大伤害，可得出人类和动物在生态系统中共存。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans - and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially serious. (珊瑚礁为无数对渔业至关重要的鱼类提供了家园，因此对人类来说是一个特别重要的生态系统，而鲨鱼数量的下降似乎尤为严重。)”结合文章讲述了研究发现，因为人类活动对珊瑚礁的破坏，礁鲨数量的下降似乎尤为严重，但Simpfendorfer和他的团队也发现了衰退的礁鲨的恢复潜力，B项“礁鲨的潜在恢复”能概括文章大意。故选B。 （24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Jackdaws (寒鸦) are the smallest member of the crow family. They often live in a crowd. Indeed, when cold weather comes, they gather in the hundreds (and sometimes thousands) every evening so that they can sleep in the same place. If you’ve ever heard jackdaws during their evening gatherings and morning departures, you’ll know they are not quiet birds. Despite being fairly low-volume during the day they are really loud on either side of their night-time get-togethers. Why might this be? A team of the Comish Jackdaw Project set out to determine why jackdaws are so noisy before they depart from their sleeping spot. The team’s theory was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “voting”. The researchers suspected that each individual’s call might count as an “I’m in!”. When a certain amount of “I’m in!” are called — and so a certain volume of noise is reached — the group might then depart as a unit. To test this idea, the researchers artificially increased the level of calls during the jackdaws’ natural morning calls. Their expectation was that, if jackdaws really are “voting with their voice” to decide when to depart the sleeping site, artificially adding calls would make them leave earlier than they naturally would have done. Subsequent experiments confirmed their expectation. The team therefore showed that jackdaws use their calls as a sort of voting system. You might wonder why this happens. The researchers suggest that individual jackdaws benefit from the voting system because they are less at risk of being killed and they can get more access to social information — such as where to find food. So the loud calls of jackdaws in the morning are therefore not the pure chaos it sounds like. If you are ever being driven mad by the sound in the morning, you can find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they will leave you in peace. 5．What aspect of jackdaws confused scientists? A．Their strong team spirit. B．Their preference for noisy habitats. C．Their collective sleeping habit. D．Their unusual calling behavior. 6．What happened to the jackdaws when artificial calls were added? A．They stopped calling together. B．They left their sleeping spot earlier. C．They became noisier and more active. D．They changed their sleeping location. 7．What does the voting system mean to individual jackdaws? A．A signal of starting fights. B．A strategy for better survival. C．A way to attract potential partners. D．A method of displaying social skills. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Jackdaws Are Really Good at Making Noises. B．Jackdaws Have a Really Complex Voting System. C．Jackdaws Vote to Make a Group Decision. D．Jackdaws Vote to Choose Their Group Leaders. 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了寒鸦在离开睡眠地点前会发出大量的嘎吱声，研究人员认为这是它们用声音投票决定离开的方式。研究还发现，这种投票系统对于寒鸦个体来说有益，它们能更好地避免危险和获取社交信息。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despite being fairly low-volume during the day, they are really loud on either side of their night-time get-togethers. Why might this be? (尽管白天的声音很小，但在晚上聚集的时候，它们的声音非常大。为什么会这样呢？)”可知，让科学家们困惑的是它们不寻常的叫声。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The researchers suspected that each individual’s call might count as an “I’m in!”. When a certain amount of “I’m in!” are called — and so a certain volume of noise is reached — the group might then depart as a unit.(研究人员怀疑，每只寒鸦的呼叫都可能被视为“我加入!”当一定量的“我加入!”当噪音达到一定的音量时，这群乌鸦就会作为一个整体离开)”以及第三段中“To test this idea, the researchers artificially increased the level of calls during the jackdaws’ natural morning calls. Their expectation was that, if jackdaws really are “voting with their voice” to decide when to depart the sleeping site, artificially adding calls would make them leave earlier than they naturally would have done. (为了验证这一观点，研究人员人为地增加了寒鸦自然鸣叫时的叫声水平。他们的预期是，如果寒鸦真的“用声音投票”来决定何时离开睡觉的地方，人为地增加叫声会使它们比自然情况下更早离开。)”可知，研究人员人为地增加了寒鸦自然鸣叫时的叫声是为了验证之前提出的观点，即当一定量的“我加入!”噪音达到一定的音量时，这群乌鸦就会作为一个整体离开。故当人为地增加了寒鸦自然鸣的叫声时，乌鸦比自然情况下更早离开了睡觉的地方。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“You might wonder why this happens. The researchers suggest that individual jackdaws benefit from the voting system because they are less at risk of being killed and they can get more access to social information — such as where to find food. (你可能想知道为什么会这样。研究人员认为，个别寒鸦从投票系统中受益，因为它们被杀死的风险更小，而且它们可以获得更多的社会信息 —— 比如在哪里可以找到食物)”可知，个别寒鸦从投票系统中受益，因为它们被杀死的风险更小，即为一个更好生存的策略。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Despite being fairly low-volume during the day, they are really loud on either side of their night-time get-togethers. Why might this be? (尽管白天的声音很小，但在晚上聚集的时候，它们的声音非常大。为什么会这样呢？)”以及通读全文，文章回答了寒鸦在晚上聚会时为什么会发出非常大的声音即寒鸦在离开睡眠地点前会发出大量的嘎吱声，研究人员认为这是它们用声音投票决定离开的方式。C选项“寒鸦投票做出集体决定”概括文章内容，为最佳标题。故选C。 （24-25高二上·天津·期末）We do all sorts of things to attract birds to our yards-from feeders to the right kinds of plants. Sometimes these glimpses are all too quick, or we miss the birds totally because we’re off doing other things. Luckily, there’s a way to enjoy the birds even while you’re not looking. The Bird Photo Booth device captures (拍摄) birds as they land on a feeding dish, giving you an image of the creature in its natural setting. The Bird Photo Booth uses a motion sensor to activate a camera. When a bird sits on a feeding bowl connected to a small lever, the camera starts taking pictures and videos, which can be sent to another device. This way of getting up close and personal with birds appealed to Lisa. When she moved to the United States, she saw birds she hadn’t seen before. She had married into a birdwatcher family and her academic background is in wildlife documentaries, so she was curious to get closer to the birds that were visiting her yard. She set up the photo booth, along with nest boxes equipped with cameras. Additionally, she and her family made their garden as wildlife-friendly as possible giving up pesticides (杀虫剂) and making planting choices that benefit bugs and insects. The device has given Lisa exactly the sort of experience she wanted. She said that she’s seen somewhere around 30 different species. “Going through my photos each day is an everyday pleasure that I would not want to miss in my life,” she said. The pictures are more than just a fun hobby for Lisa, however. She shares them online. “Learning more about nature is always a good thing, and this is an easy way to get into that. So for whoever is interested in seeing their birds closer, I would recommend it,” she continued. “The Bird Photo Booth may not be for those who are not tech-savvy (精通技术的) or who have big fingers.” Patience, of course, is also required. Even though you’ve set up the device, it doesn’t mean the birds will come flocking (聚集) over immediately. 9．Why might people miss seeing birds in their yards? A．The birds are always flying away. B．They are busy doing other things. C．The birds are not interested in the yard. D．The camera is usually out of control. 10．What is Para.2 mainly about? A．What the Bird Photo Booth is made up of. B．How the Bird Photo Booth attracts birds. C．How the Bird Photo Booth works. D．What makes the Bird Photo Booth outstanding. 11．How did Lisa keep her garden? A．By making it natural. B．By tidying it up regularly. C．By setting up hunting nets. D．By using chemicals to kill insects. 12．How did Lisa feel about her experience with the Bird Photo Booth? A．She was discouraged. B．She was surprised. C．She was satisfied. D．She was confused. 13．What can we learn about the Bird Photo Booth? A．It may disturb birds. B．It requires little tech knowledge. C．It can attract birds immediately. D．It helps people learn more about nature. 【答案】9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了The Bird Photo Booth设备如何帮助人们观察和记录鸟类。 9．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Sometimes these glimpses are all too quick, or we miss the birds totally because we’re off doing other things. (但有时这些一瞥太过短暂，或者因为我们正在忙别的事情而完全错过了鸟类。)”可知，人们有时会错过院子里的鸟，是因为他们正忙着做其他事情。故选B。 10．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“The Bird Photo Booth uses a motion sensor to activate a camera. When a bird sits on a feeding bowl connected to a small lever, the camera starts taking pictures and videos, which can be sent to another device. (The Bird Photo Booth使用一个运动传感器来激活相机。当一只鸟坐在与一个小杠杆相连的喂食碗上时，相机会开始拍照和录像，这些照片和视频可以发送到另一个设备上。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了The Bird Photo Booth的工作原理，即The Bird Photo Booth是如何工作的。故选C。 11．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Additionally, she and her family made their garden as wildlife-friendly as possible giving up pesticides (杀虫剂) and making planting choices that benefit bugs and insects. (此外，她和家人还尽可能地让花园对野生动物友好，放弃使用杀虫剂，并选择对虫类和昆虫有益的植物。)”可知，Lisa是通过让她的花园更自然来保持她的花园的。故选A。 12．推理判断题。由文章第五段中“She said that she’s seen somewhere around 30 different species. “Going through my photos each day is an everyday pleasure that I would not want to miss in my life,” she said. (她说她在某个地方看到了大约30种不同的物种。她说：“每天浏览我的照片是我一生中不想错过的日常乐趣。”)”可知，Lisa对她的The Bird Photo Booth体验感到非常满意。故选C。 13．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Learning more about nature is always a good thing, and this is an easy way to get into that. (更多地了解自然总是一件好事，而这是一个很容易进入这个领域的方式。)”可知，使用The Bird Photo Booth可以帮助人们更多地了解大自然。故选D。 （24-25高二上·甘肃白银·期末）Polar bears in Canada’s Western Hudson Bay — on the southern edge of the Arctic—are continuing to die in high numbers, a new government survey of the land carnivore has found. Females and bear cubs are having an especially hard time. Researchers surveyed Western Hudson Bay — home to Churchill, the town called “the Polar Bear Capital of the World”, — by air in 2021 and estimated there were 618 bears, compared to the 842 in 2016, when they were last surveyed. “The actual decline is a lot larger than I would have expected,” said Andrew Derocher, a biology professor at the University of Alberta who has studied Hudson Bay polar bears for nearly four decades. Derocher was not involved in the study. Since the 1980s, the number of bears in the region has fallen by nearly 50%, the researchers found. The ice essential to their survival is disappearing. Polar bears rely on arctic sea ice that shrinks (减少) in summer with warmer temperatures and forms again in the long winter. They use it to hunt, perching near holes in the thick ice to spot seals, their favorite food, coming up for air. But as the Arctic has warmed twice as fast as the rest of the world because of climate change, sea ice is cracking earlier in the year and taking longer to freeze in the fall. That has left many polar bears that live across the Arctic with less ice on which to live, hunt and reproduce. Polar bears are not only critical predators (捕食者) in the Arctic. For years, before climate change began affecting people around the globe, they were also the best-known face of climate change. Researchers said the concentration of deaths in young bears and females in Western Hudson Bay is alarming. “Those are the types of bears we’ve always predicted would be affected by changes in the environment,” said Stephen Atkinson, the lead author who has studied polar bears for more than 30 years. 14．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 2? A．The number of polar bears in the world. B．The sharp drop of polar bears in Churchill. C．The polar bear’s terrible living environment. D．The researchers’ efforts to protect polar bears. 15．What led to the sharp decrease of polar bears in the region? A．The disappearance of arctic sea ice. B．A lack of sunshine in winter. C．The severe cold weather in the Arctic. D．The destruction of food chain. 16．What is the challenge posed by climate change for polar bears? A．Hunting for enough food. B．Their disordered pace of life. C．Being found by other predators. D．Their habitats flooded by the sea. 17．How does Stephen Atkinson feel about the current situation of polar bears? A．Optimistic. B．Disappointed. C．Concerned. D．Relieved. 【答案】14．B 15．A 16．A 17．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了加拿大西部哈德逊湾的北极熊数量急剧下降的情况。研究发现，自20世纪80年代以来，该地区的北极熊数量已下降了近50%，尤其是母熊和幼熊的情况更为严峻。这主要是由于气候变化导致北极海冰减少，影响了北极熊的生存、狩猎和繁殖。北极熊不仅是北极地区的关键捕食者，多年来也是气候变化最著名的象征。研究人员对年轻北极熊和母熊的大量死亡表示担忧，因为这正是他们之前预测会受到环境变化影响的群体。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers surveyed Western Hudson Bay — home to Churchill, the town called “the Polar Bear Capital of the World”, — by air in 2021 and estimated there were 618 bears, compared to the 842 in 2016, when they were last surveyed.(研究人员在2021年通过空中对西哈德逊湾——被称为“世界北极熊之都”的丘吉尔镇所在地——进行了调查，估计那里有618只北极熊，而2016年上次调查时为842只)”可知，作者在第二段主要是想展示丘吉尔地区北极熊数量的急剧下降情况，并非是展示世界上北极熊的数量、北极熊恶劣的生存环境或者研究人员保护北极熊所做的努力，故选B项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段“Since the 1980s, the number of bears in the region has fallen by nearly 50%, the researchers found. The ice essential to their survival is disappearing(研究人员发现，自20世纪80年代以来，该地区的北极熊数量已经下降了近50%。对它们生存至关重要的冰正在消失)”以及第五段“Polar bears rely on arctic sea ice that shrinks (减少) in summer with warmer temperatures and forms again in the long winter. They use it to hunt, perching near holes in the thick ice to spot seals, their favorite food, coming up for air. But as the Arctic has warmed twice as fast as the rest of the world because of climate change, sea ice is cracking earlier in the year and taking longer to freeze in the fall(北极熊依赖着北极的海冰，这种海冰在夏季随着气温升高而缩小，到了漫长的冬季又重新形成。它们利用海冰来狩猎，站在厚冰上的洞口附近，观察它们最喜欢的食物——海豹上来呼吸。但由于气候变化，北极变暖的速度是全球其他地区的两倍，因此海冰在一年中更早地破裂，并且在秋季需要更长时间才能冻结)”可知，是北极海冰的消失导致了该地区北极熊数量的急剧减少，而不是冬季缺乏阳光、北极的严寒天气或者食物链的破坏等原因，故选A项。 16．细节理解题。根据第五段“Polar bears rely on arctic sea ice that shrinks (减少) in summer with warmer temperatures and forms again in the long winter. They use it to hunt, perching near holes in the thick ice to spot seals, their favorite food, coming up for air.(北极熊依赖北极海冰，随着夏季气温升高，海冰会减少，而在漫长的冬季又会重新形成。它们利用海冰进行捕猎，栖息在厚厚的冰层的孔洞附近，以便发现它们最喜欢的食物海豹浮出水面换气)”可知，气候变化使得海冰减少，进而影响北极熊捕猎，所以气候变化给北极熊带来的挑战是难以猎取到足够的食物，并非是生活节奏紊乱、被其他捕食者发现或者栖息地被海水淹没等情况，故选A项。 17．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers said the concentration of deaths in young bears and females in Western Hudson Bay is alarming. “Those are the types of bears we’ve always predicted would be affected by changes in the environment,” said Stephen Atkinson, the lead author who has studied polar bears for more than 30 years(研究人员表示，西哈德逊湾年轻北极熊和雌性北极熊的集中死亡情况令人担忧。“这些正是我们一直预测会受到环境变化影响的北极熊类型，”研究北极熊超过30年的主要作者斯蒂芬・阿特金森说)”可知西哈德逊湾年轻北极熊和雌性北极熊的集中死亡情况令人担忧，可推理出斯蒂芬・阿特金森对北极熊目前的状况是担忧的，而不是乐观、失望或者宽慰的，故选C项。 （24-25高二上·河北·阶段练习）Scientists have discovered that the panda, long considered a bit of a loner (喜独处者), has a surprisingly active social life, communicating with friends and family in a way that’s similar to sharing status (状态) updates on Facebook. In the study on bears in China’s Wolong Nature Reserve, Michigan State University(MSU) researchers focused instead on the trees, because it was on certain trees that the animals would leave scent (气味) signals for others. And the messages turned out to be surprisingly complex. “Once you’ve gotten an eye for it, you can see the scent-marking trees, which are dirtied with a waxy (像蜡的) substance — and the pandas seem to be doing this a lot,” said lead author Thomas Connor. “It was pretty evident they were exchanging information through scent- marking behaviour.” “These scent trees are a form of social media,” said Ken Frank, a professor from MSU. “Like Facebook, it’s asynchronous, meaning you don’t have to be in the same place at the same time. It allows one to broadcast to many, and it’s a record. A panda marking a tree isn’t so different from a Facebook post.” While pandas may not be posting about things similar to those on a human social media network, they can let others know they frequent the territory by “checking in” to that tree, and they can leave details about sex, age, personality and physical size. By smelling a marked tree, a panda can determine if it has met the posters before, and pick up other information such as sex, advantage and size — all characteristics that can help another individual “read the room” without being in the presence of another bear. “The discoveries in this study throw new light on how pandas use their habitat,” said senior author Jianguo Liu from MSU. “Pandas are a part of coupled human and natural systems where humans share their habitat. Anything we can learn about how they live and what they need can ultimately help info rm good conservation policies and maybe understand our own behaviour a little more.” 18．What is the new finding about pandas? A．They enjoy being alone more. B．They post updated status. C．They get together frequently. D．They have an active social life. 19．What plays an important role in pandas’ social behaviours? A．Wax. B．Scent-marking trees. C．Habitat. D．Posters. 20．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Contents of pandas’ communication. B．Frequency of pandas’ communication. C．Cause and effect of the study. D．Significance of the study. 21．What can this study help do? A．Lead pandas to make friends. B．Protect pandas better. C．Set up more habitats. D．Improve human’s behaviour. 【答案】18．D 19．B 20．A 21．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家的一项新发现：长期以来被认为喜独处者、有点孤僻的熊猫事实上有着令人惊讶的活跃的社交生活。熊猫将树作为社会交际的媒介，通过在树上留下气味信号，来传递信息，从而达到社会交往的目的。这种交流的方式类似于人类在 Facebook上分享状态。 18．细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists have discovered that the panda, long considered a bit of a loner (喜独处者), has a surprisingly active social life, communicating with friends and family in a way that’s similar to sharing status (状态) updates on Facebook.(科学家发现，长期以来被认为有点独来独往的熊猫，有着令人惊讶的活跃的社交生活，与朋友和家人交流的方式类似于在Facebook上分享状态更新。)”可知，熊猫事实上有着令人惊讶的活跃的社交生活。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据第二段“In the study on bears in China’s Wolong Nature Reserve, Michigan State University(MSU) researchers focused instead on the trees, because it was on certain trees that the animals would leave scent (气味) signals for others. And the messages turned out to be surprisingly complex.(在针对中国卧龙自然保护区的大熊猫进行的研究中，密歇根州立大学（MSU）的研究人员将注意力集中在了树木上，因为大熊猫会在某些特定的树上留下气味信号，以供其他同类识别。而这些信息竟然异常复杂。)”可知，熊猫会通过在某些树上留下气味信号给其他动物，以此来传递信息，从而达到社会交往的目的；根据第四段“These scent trees are a form of social media(这些气味树是社交媒体的一种形式。)”可知，气味标记树在熊猫的社会行为中起着重要的作用。故选B。 20．主旨大意题。根据第五段“While pandas may not be posting about things similar to those on a human social media network, they can let others know they frequent the territory by “checking in” to that tree, and they can leave details about sex, age, personality and physical size. By smelling a marked tree, a panda can determine if it has met the posters before, and pick up other information such as sex, advantage and size — all characteristics that can help another individual “read the room” without being in the presence of another bear.(虽然大熊猫可能不会像人类那样在社交媒体上发布相似的内容，但它们可以通过在树上“打卡”来告知其他同类自己常来这片领地，并且还能留下关于性别、年龄、性格和体型等信息。通过嗅闻一棵被标记的树，大熊猫就能判断出自己之前是否遇到过留下标记的同类，还能获取到其他信息，比如性别、优势地位以及体型——所有这些特征都能帮助另一只大熊猫“读懂环境”，而无需真正面对另一只熊。)”可知，第5段主要讲了熊猫交流的内容。故选A。 21．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anything we can learn about how they live and what they need can ultimately help info rm good conservation policies and maybe understand our own behaviour a little more.(我们能了解到的关于它们生活方式和需求的任何东西，最终都有助于制定良好的保护政策，也许还能更多地了解我们自己的行为。)”可知，这项研究有助于更好地保护大熊猫。故选B。 （2024高二上·黑龙江·学业考试）Many animals move from one place to another for food, partners or warmer weather, among which is the monarch butterfly (黑脉金斑蝶). We call this annual movement migration (迁徙). Every autumn, millions of these beautiful butterflies begin a long and tough journey. They manage to travel about 4,000 kilometers south. They decide which way to go by telling the time of day and measuring the position of the sun with their eyes. Finally they reach California or Mexico where they will spend the winter. However, scientists have found that the monarch butterfly is in serious trouble. Its population has crashed by as much as 90 percent in the past few years because of human activities. In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. Luckily, the research on the monarch butterfly’s behavior has led to a greater awareness of this lovely insect. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. If this works, the number of monarch butterflies may increase once again. 22．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the reason why animals migrate? A．To seek water. B．To find food. C．To look for partners. D．To search for warmer weather. 23．How does the monarch butterfly decide the way to go? A．By the speed of the wind. B．By the light of the moon. C．By the change of the cloud. D．By the time of day and the position of the sun. 24．Where does the monarch butterly spend the winter? A．In South Africa. B．In England or Italy. C．In California or Mexico. D．In Australia or New Zealand. 25．Which is closest in meaning to “crashed” in Paragraph 3? A．Kept unchanged. B．Rose sharply. C．Gone down quickly. D．Increased smoothly. 26．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A pet website. B．A nature magazine. C．A travel guidebook. D．A physics textbook. 【答案】22．A 23．D 24．C 25．C 26．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙习性、迁徙路线及生存现状。 22．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many animals move from one place to another for food, partners or warmer weather, among which is the monarch butterfly.(许多动物为了食物、伴侣或温暖的天气从一个地方搬到另一个地方，其中就有黑脉金斑蝶。)”可知，黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙目的中没有“寻找水”这一项。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They decide which way to go by telling the time of day and measuring the position of the sun with their eyes.(他们通过告诉一天中的时间和用眼睛测量太阳的位置来决定走哪条路。)”可知，黑脉金斑蝶依靠白天的时间和太阳的位置来确定飞行的方向。故选D。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Finally they reach California or Mexico where they will spend the winter.(最后，它们到达加利福尼亚或墨西哥，在那里过冬。)”可知，黑脉金斑蝶去加利福尼亚或者墨西哥过冬。故选C。 25．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“However, scientists have found that the monarch butterfly is in serious trouble.(然而，科学家们发现黑脉金斑蝶正面临着严重的麻烦。)”和“In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment.(在许多可以发现蝴蝶的地方，人们正在破坏自然环境。)”可知，黑脉金斑蝶面临严重的问题，并且人类在破坏它们的生存环境，所以它们的数量应该是“急剧下降”的，和C选项Gone down quickly“迅速下降”意思一致。故选C。 26．推理判断题。全文介绍的是自然界中黑脉金斑蝶这种生物的迁徙习性、迁徙路线及生存现状，应该属于对自然生物的介绍说明，所以应该摘自自然杂志。故选B。 （24-25高二上·江苏南通·期中）Most people hate mosquitoes — but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes. The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌), which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021. The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death. Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. “More than 1,000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes. It’s going everywhere,” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News. Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM，转基因的) mosquitoes. In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida. According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gene that prevents female offspring (后代) from surviving to adulthood; and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild. After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring. In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease. 27．Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O’Neill? A．To prevent mosquitoes from biting people. B．To make money for the scientists involved. C．To reduce the number of insects in the world. D．To spread a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis. 28．What can we learn about the release of modified mosquitoes in Brazil? A．The decision to do so is only based on scientific research. B．The program will immediately reduce dengue cases by 77%. C．The high infection rate of dengue in Brazil is a key factor to it. D．The program aims to remove dengue completely within the next decade. 29．What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Permitted. B．Removed. C．Disturbed. D．Restricted. 30．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Benefits of Mosquitoes B．Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases C．The World Mosquito Program’s Success D．Genetic Engineering in Medical Research 【答案】27．D 28．C 29．A 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项关于通过改良蚊子基因来防止蚊子传播疾病的研究。 27．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population.(然而，很少在蚊子身上发现。参与该项目的澳大利亚科学家斯科特·奥尼尔告诉加拿大广播公司新闻：“我们实际上培育了这些含有细菌的蚊子。”当转基因蚊子被释放时，它们会慢慢地将细菌传播给人群)”可知，培育转基因蚊子是为了传播一种叫做沃尔巴克氏体的细菌。故选D。 28．细节理解题。根据第四段“The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death.(世界蚊子项目宣布，未来10年将在巴西许多城市地区释放转基因蚊子。其目的是保护多达7000万人免受登革热等疾病的侵害，登革热是一种主要由蚊子传播的疾病。登革热患者可能有轻微的症状，如发烧，但严重的病例可能导致死亡)”可知，登革热在巴西的高感染率是一个释放转基因蚊子的关键因素。故选C。 29．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“the US Environmental Protection Agency(美国环境保护署)”以及后文“the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida(在加州和佛罗里达州释放24亿只转基因蚊子)”可知，政府允许在加州和佛罗里达州释放24亿只转基因蚊子。故划线词意思是“允许”。故选A。 30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021.(几项研究已经证明了这种昆虫的成功。例如，根据2021年发表的一篇研究论文，印度尼西亚的一项对照实验表明，这种转基因昆虫有助于将登革热病例减少77%)”结合文章报道了一项关于通过改良蚊子基因来防止蚊子传播疾病的研究，所以“改良蚊子以对抗疾病”是文章最佳标题。故选B。 （24-25高二上·四川眉山·期中）While facial recognition technology continues to promote many aspects of human life, it’s now being applied to aid the protection of giant pandas, Xinhua News Agency reported on 6 January, 2022. A nature reserve has built an AI-enabled video monitoring system to better protect giant pandas. Equipped with 300 infrared(红外线的) cameras, the monitoring system helps ensure the health and safety of 110 wild giant pandas there. It was put into operation two years ago, and has captured numerous photos and videos of pandas engaged in activities such as eating, resting and fighting for mates. It provides scientific data to help us grasp pandas’ living conditions and establish conservation strategies. More importantly, it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve so that we can discern the threats to the wildlife as early as possible. A recent study found the facial recognition system could automatically recognize various wild animals caught in infrared cameras, allowing researchers to collect data on giant pandas while staying indoors. It’s shown that by equipping the reserve with the AI-aided system to store the filed photos of giant pandas, we obtain a 98% success rate for species recognition. Its success rate of recognizing other wild animals can top 80%. In 2021 alone, this monitoring system captured 2,896 photos of giant pandas and other rare animals and filmed 3,218 seconds of footage, showcasing the reserve’s sound ecological environment as well as a gradual rise in the panda population there. Head of the reserve’s administration, Liu Xingming, said researchers used the system not only to observe the dynamics and health of the giant panda population but also to learn about changes in the natural surroundings of their habitat. “The monitoring system has enabled the systematic, scientific, and intelligent conservation of wildlife, ”he added. “However, it is expected to be further improved and optimized in the near future. ” 31．What does the underlined word “discern” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Receive. B．Pose. C．Attach. D．Detect. 32．What can be inferred about the new technology from the study? A．It precisely recognizes any species. B．It makes the panda population rise rapidly. C．It contributes to species data collection. D．It understands pandas’ facial appearance. 33．What is Liu Xingming’s attitude to the facial recognition monitoring system? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent. 34．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Panda Facial Recognition Using the Database B．Functions of Facial Recognition Technology C．AI Technology for Better Panda Protection D．A Breakthrough in the Video Monitoring System 【答案】31．D 32．C 33．B 34．C 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。据新华社2022年1月6日报道，人脸识别技术继续推动着人类生活的方方面面，现在它正被应用于大熊猫的保护，本文主要讲述了面部识别技术能更好地实时监控大熊猫保护区，更好地保护大熊猫。 31．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“More importantly, it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve so that we can discern the threats to the wildlife as early as possible.(更重要的是，它实现了对保护区的实时监控，使我们能够尽早 对野生动物的威胁。)”中“so that”可知，“discern the threats to the wildlife”是“real-time monitoring of the reserve”的结果，结合常识，“对保护区的实时监控”可以让我们在第一时间“发现对野生动物的威胁”。所以discern意为“觉察出，发现”，与Detect意思相近。故选D项。 32．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A recent study found the facial recognition system could automatically recognize various wild animals caught in infrared cameras, allowing researchers to collect data on giant pandas while staying indoors.(最近的一项研究发现，面部识别系统可以自动识别红外摄像机捕捉到的各种野生动物，使研究人员能够在室内收集大熊猫的数据)”可推知，新技术有助于物种数据的收集。故选C项。 33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘The monitoring system has enabled the systematic, scientific, and intelligent conservation of wildlife, ’he added. ‘However, it is expected to be further improved and optimized in the near future. ’(他补充说：‘监测系统实现了对野生动物的系统、科学和智能保护。但是，预计在不久的将来会进一步改进和优化。’)”可知，Liu Xingming认为这项新技术实现了对野生动物的系统、科学和智能保护，但是还有待改善。由此推知，Liu对其持客观态度。故选B项。 34．主旨大意题。本文为新闻报道，根据文章内容，尤其是第一段“While facial recognition technology continues to promote many aspects of human life, it’s now being applied to aid the protection of giant pandas, Xinhua News Agency reported on 6 January, 2022.(据新华社2022年1月6日报道，人脸识别技术继续推动着人类生活的方方面面，现在它正被应用于大熊猫的保护。)”可知，本文主要讲述了面部识别技术被用于更好地保护大熊猫。由此可知，C项“AI Technology for Better Panda Protection (更好地保护熊猫的人工智能技术)”适合作本文的标题。故选C项。 （24-25高二上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·阶段练习）Farmers often feel they need a lot of sunshine to produce a good crop. But lots of vegetables grow well without much sun. The Rodale Institute in Pennsylvania published a report about this subject some years ago in its magazine Organic Gardening. The report said many different kinds of foods, from blueberries to beans, can be grown in the shade. Some vegetables do need a lot of sun. A vegetable crop expert at the University of Maine advised putting these vegetables where they can get from eight to ten hours of sunlight a day. Tomatoes, melons, squash and peppers are among those that need the most sun. Plants that produce root crops, such as carrots and beets, need from six to eight hours of sunlight every day. But leafy vegetables, such as lettuce and spinach, need only six hours of sunlight a day. The Rodale Institute says a garden should be planned carefully especially if you grow different kinds of foods. For example, rows of vegetables should be planted in an east-west direction. That way, as the sun passes overhead, all the plants will receive an equal amount of light. This is especially important when the plants grow to different heights. Nut trees such as filbert, hazelnut and yellowhorn produce well with only sun in the morning. Some fruits also do well without a lot of sunlight. In the United States, blueberries, raspberries, and several kinds of pears need only a little sun each day. In Asia, the hard y kiwi grows well in the shade. Many herbs grow well without much sun. Mint plants, for example, grow well in the shade. So do sage, dill, oregano, borage, chamomile and several kinds of thyme. Mr Brown, the owner of a garden seed company warned against removing shade trees. He cut down all his shade trees to provide more sun for his crops. But then he had to protect his summer lettuce from the heat of the sun by hanging a piece of cloth to provide shade. Instead of cutting trees, he suggested putting plants that need a lot of sunlight, such as tomatoes, in containers. That way they can be moved as the sun moves. 35．Rows of vegetables should be planted in an east-west direction so that the plants can . A．grow to the same height B．share the same amount of light C．grow well in the shade D．get enough water 36．Which kind of plant should NOT be grown in the shade? A．Blueberries. B．Beans. C．Sage. D．Tomatoes. 37．According to Mr Brown what is a good way to provide more sun for crops in his garden? A．Cutting down all shade trees. B．Hanging a piece of cloth to provide shade. C．Removing the leafy vegetables. D．Putting plants which need a lot of sunlight in containers. 38．What is the text most likely taken from? A．A science magazine. B．A newspaper. C．A government report. D．A story book. 【答案】35．B 36．D 37．D 38．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同的植物生长需要不同的光照时间，农民应该为不同的植物选择合适的地方。 35．细节理解题。根据第五段中“For example, rows of vegetables should be planted in an east-west direction. That way, as the sun passes overhead, all the plants will receive an equal amount of light. (例如，一排排蔬菜应该东西向种植。这样，当太阳从头顶经过时，所有的植物都会接收到等量的光线)”可知，一排排蔬菜应该东西向种植，这样植物才能分享相同的光量。故选B项。 36．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tomatoes, melons, squash and peppers are among those that need the most sun. (西红柿、甜瓜、南瓜和辣椒是最需要阳光的食物的一部分)”可知，西红柿是最需要阳光的食物之一。由此可知，西红柿不应该在阴凉处生长。故选D项。 37．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Instead of cutting trees, he suggested putting plants that need a lot of sunlight, such as tomatoes, in containers. That way they can be moved as the sun moves. (他建议把需要大量阳光的植物，如西红柿，放在容器里，而不是砍伐树木。这样它们就可以随着太阳的移动而移动)”可知，布朗先生认为——为花园里的作物提供更多阳光的好方法是将需要大量阳光的植物放入容器中。故选D项。 38．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“Farmers often feel they need a lot of sunshine to produce a good crop. But lots of vegetables grow well without much sun. (农民们经常觉得他们需要大量的阳光才能长出好庄稼。但是很多蔬菜在没有太多阳光的情况下长得很好)”可知，本文主要介绍了一些农业科学知识。由此推知，本文最有可能出自一本科学杂志。故选A项。 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）In the vast and diverse world of animals, there exists odd gestures that often leave us humans puzzled and amazed. These gestures, which may seem strange or unusual to us, are actually fascinating glimpses into the unique behaviors and communication styles of our pets. Animals want our attention, and sometimes they’re quite obvious about asking for it. Odd gesture are often our pets’ way of telling us to stop what we’re doing and play with them. It’s why Fido constantly follows his tail and why Kitty keeps rolling around. An extremely bored pet may choose “bad” behaviors to cause a reaction! Sure, your dog loves you, but that’s not why he’s licking (舔) your face. A little dog learns to lick his mother’s mouth to obtain a little food, so Spot isn’t kissing you in our sense of the word; he just wants a snack. Cat owners also misinterpret their pets’ kisses. While a cat might lick you to show love, sometimes she’ll do it to comfort herself. One way to tell if her licking is stress-related is whether it goes on for a long period of time. At some point you’ve probably told these words to someone who made you angry. Dogs think similarly, avoiding eye contact with anyone who injures their feelings. Another sign of anger: yawning (打哈欠). A yawning dog may not be tired but anxious, not bored but stressed. Similarly, lip-licking — when there isn’t food around to bring about it — is another sign of threat. You might think your dog is running around the backyard, having the time of his life while you’re away. But the reality is that he’s most likely just sitting in one spot for hours, waiting for you to return with anxiety. Dogs actually prefer to be inside, ideally with their owners. 39．If a dog intends to eat food, which action will it take? A．It stretches its legs, yawning. B．It makes an eye contact with its owner. C．It licks its owner’s face with a soft tongue. D．It runs around the backyard, following its tail. 40．What do we learn about the gesture if a cat constantly kisses itself? A．It feels amused. B．It feels stressed. C．It feels angry. D．It feels tired. 41．When the dog sits for a long time without moving，it reveals ________. A．the dog is eagerly awaiting your return B．the dog displays a sign of tiredness C．the dog is extremely bored to play with you D．the dog displays a sign of embarrassment 42．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Pets: Lovely Animals B．Dogs: Odd gestures C．What Your Pet Is Trying to Tell You D．What Should We Do With Our Pets 【答案】39．C 40．B 41．A 42．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了宠物通过各种行为和姿势与人类进行沟通的方式，以及这些行为背后的含义。 39．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sure, your dog loves you, but that’s not why he’s licking your face. A little dog learns to lick his mother’s mouth to obtain a little food, so Spot isn’t kissing you in our sense of the word; he just wants a snack.(当然，你的狗爱你，但它舔你的脸并不是这个原因。小狗通过舔母亲的嘴来获得一点食物，所以Spot(狗名)并不是在按照我们的定义亲吻你；它只是想要零食)”可知，如果狗想吃东西，它会用柔软的舌头舔主人的脸。故选C。 40．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Cat owners also misinterpret their pets’ kisses. While a cat might lick you to show love, sometimes she’ll do it to comfort herself. One way to tell if her licking is stress-related is whether it goes on for a long period of time.(猫主人也误解了他们宠物的亲吻。虽然猫可能会舔你来表达爱意，但有时候它这样做是为了让自己平静下来。一个判断她的舔舐是否与压力有关的方法是看这种行为是否会持续很长时间)”可知，如果猫长时间地舔自己，可能是因为它感到压力。故选B。 41．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the reality is that he’s most likely just sitting in one spot for hours, waiting for you to return with anxiety.(但现实是，它很可能只是在一个地方坐上几个小时，焦虑地等待你回来)”可知，当狗长时间坐着不动时，它实际上是在急切地等待你回来。故选A。 42．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是首段“In the vast and diverse world of animals, there exists odd gestures that often leave us humans puzzled and amazed. These gestures, which may seem strange or unusual to us, are actually fascinating glimpses into the unique behaviors and communication styles of our pets. (在浩瀚而多样的动物世界里，存在着一些奇怪的手势，常常让我们人类感到困惑和惊讶。这些对我们来说可能看起来很奇怪或不寻常的手势，实际上是对我们宠物独特行为和沟通方式的迷人一瞥。)”以及下文介绍的宠物与人类交流的方式可知，文章主要讲述了宠物通过各种行为和姿势与人类进行沟通的方式，以及这些行为背后的含义，故C项“你的宠物想告诉你什么”适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 话题34人与自然-自然生态 阅读理解 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读重点提升（通用版） “人与自然-环境保护”的语法填空高频单词和短语： 一、高频单词 1.生态系统与环境类 ecosystem：生态系统 ecology：生态学 ecological：生态的 environment：环境 atmosphere：氛围 habitat：栖息地，生活环境 desertification：沙漠化 deforestation：森林采伐 2.生物与物种类 creature：生物 species：物种 diversity：多样性 bacteria：细菌 biology：生物学 biologist：生物学家 wildlife：野生动植物 3.环境问题与灾害类 global warming：全球变暖 greenhouse gas：温室气体 sustainable：可持续的 emission：排放 climate change：气候变化 disaster：灾难 flood：洪水 drought：旱灾 4.资源与能源类 resource：资源 source：源头 substitute：替代品storage：存储 shortage：缺乏renewable：可再生的 2、 高频短语 1.人与自然关系类 live in harmony with nature：与自然和谐共处 be kind to nature：善待大自然 keep ecological balance：保持生态平衡 maintain biodiversity：保持生物多样性 2.保护与措施类 conserve natural habitats：保护天然栖息地 set up nature reserves：建立自然保护区 raise people's awareness of：提高人们的…… 意识 take measures：采取措施 3.变化与影响类 cause great damage：造成极大伤害 lead to：导致 result in：造成；致使 have an impact on：对…… 有影响 4.其他相关类 natural disasters：自然灾害 wild animals and plants：野生动植物 die out：灭绝 fall into ruins：沦为废墟 三、人与自然-自然生态类阅读理解解题技巧： 自然生态类阅读理解题通常涉及生态系统、环境保护、动植物等方面的内容，以下是一些解题技巧： （一）.阅读技巧 （1）快速浏览全文：先快速浏览文章标题、首尾段、每段首句等，了解文章的主题和大致内容结构，明确是关于某种生态现象的介绍、环境问题的探讨，还是对某个自然保护区的描述等，对文章有一个整体的框架认知。 （2）精读关键句：注意文中表达作者观点、态度的句子，以及表示因果、转折、对比等逻辑关系的句子，这些句子往往是理解文章和解题的关键。例如，“However, recent studies have shown that this seemingly harmless behavior can actually have a significant impact on the ecosystem.” 就提示了后文可能会具体阐述某种行为对生态系统的影响。 （3）圈画关键词：阅读过程中，把涉及生态概念、物种名称、数据、时间等关键词圈画出来，方便在答题时快速定位和查找信息。比如，看到 “Amazon rainforest”“endangered species” 等词要重点关注。 （二）解题技巧 1.细节理解题 （1）准确定位：根据题干中的关键词，如人名、地名、物种名、数字等，在原文中找到对应的位置，然后仔细阅读相关内容，与选项进行比对，注意选项可能是对原文的同义替换、改写或概括。 （2）排除干扰项：常见的干扰项有与原文内容不符、以偏概全、无中生有等。比如选项中提到的某个细节在原文中根本没有提及，或者把部分情况说成整体情况，就可以排除。 2.主旨大意题 （1）综合各段大意：文章的主旨往往是各段内容的综合和升华，总结每段的主要内容，提炼出共同的主题和核心观点，一般来说，首段和尾段对主旨的体现较为明显。 （2）分析标题作用：标题通常具有概括文章主要内容、点明主题的作用，从标题入手，思考文章围绕标题展开了哪些方面的内容，有助于把握主旨。 3.推理判断题 （1）依据原文推理：推理必须以原文内容为依据，不能主观臆断。例如，根据文章中提到的某种动物栖息地的破坏情况，可以合理推断出这种动物可能面临的生存危机，但不能过度推断出一些没有依据的结论。 （2）结合常识辅助：有些时候可以结合自己已有的自然生态方面的常识来帮助推理，但要注意不能与文章内容冲突，常识只是起到辅助理解和判断的作用。 4.词义猜测题 （1）根据上下文语境：通过生词所在句子的前后文来推测其含义，句子中可能会有同义词、反义词、解释说明等线索。比如，“The deforestation has led to the degradation of the ecosystem, making it more vulnerable to various disasters.” 根据前文提到的森林砍伐对生态系统的影响，可以猜出 “vulnerable” 可能是 “脆弱的” 意思。 （2）利用构词法：了解一些常见的词根、词缀的含义，有助于猜测生词的意思。如 “eco-” 表示 “生态的”，“bio-” 表示 “生物的”，“-tion” 是名词后缀等，通过分析单词的构成来推测词义。 （二）检查技巧 （1）答案回查：做完题目后，将答案代入原文中进行检查，看是否与原文内容相符，逻辑是否通顺，尤其是细节题和推理题，要确保答案在原文中有依据。 （2）整体检查：检查答案之间是否存在逻辑矛盾，比如在回答主旨题和细节题时，答案应该是相互呼应、不冲突的，如果发现有矛盾的地方，要重新思考和判断。 四、高二英语“人与自然-自然生态” 主题阅读理解的考法考点 高二英语 “人与自然-自然生态” 主题阅读理解在考试中通常有以下几种考法和对应的考点： 1.细节理解题 （1）事实细节：考查学生对文章中关于自然生态的具体信息的理解和把握，如某种动植物的特征、生态系统的组成部分、环境问题的具体表现等。例如：According to the passage, what is the main cause of the decline in the number of bees? 答案可能需要从文中提到的农药使用、栖息地破坏等具体原因中寻找。 （2）数据信息：文中可能会出现一些关于自然生态的数据，如某种濒危物种的数量、森林面积的变化等，题目会考查学生对这些数据的准确理解和提取。如：How many square kilometers has the Arctic ice sheet decreased in the past decade? （3）行为或事件细节：针对文中人物或生物的行为、发生的事件等设置问题，如科学家为保护某种动物采取了哪些措施，某种自然现象导致了什么具体后果等。 2.主旨大意题 （1）文章主旨：要求学生概括文章的中心思想，可能是关于一种自然生态现象的介绍、对某个环境问题的探讨、对人与自然关系的思考等。常见提问方式如：What is the main idea of the passage? （2）段落大意：考查学生对文章某一段落主要内容的理解，需要学生能够提炼段落的核心观点和关键信息。例如：What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? （3）标题归纳：让学生为文章选择最合适的标题，标题要能够准确概括文章的主要内容，同时具有一定的吸引力和概括性。如：Which of the following would be the best title for the text? 3.推理判断题 （1）隐含意义推理：要求学生根据文章中提供的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的隐含意义，如某种生态问题可能带来的未来影响、人们对自然生态保护的态度变化趋势等。题干可能是：It can be inferred from the passage that _. （2）作者意图推理：考查学生对作者写作目的和意图的理解，判断作者是想呼吁人们保护环境、介绍某种自然知识还是批判某种破坏生态的行为等。常见问法有：What is the author's purpose in writing this passage? （3）逻辑关系推理：根据文章中的因果、对比、转折等逻辑关系进行推理，比如根据文中提到的环境变化和生物数量变化的关系，推断两者之间的因果联系。 4.词义猜测题 （1）生词猜测：文章中会出现一些学生可能不熟悉的与自然生态相关的生词，要求学生根据上下文语境、构词法等猜测词义。如：The word "pesticide" in Paragraph 2 probably means _. （2）熟词生义：考查一些常见词汇在自然生态语境中的特殊含义，学生需要结合上下文来理解其具体意思。例如：The term "yield" in this passage does not mean the usual "produce" but something related to the impact on the ecosystem. What does it mean here? （3）指代猜测：文中可能会出现一些代词，如 it, they, this 等，要求学生判断它们所指代的具体内容，通常是前文提到的某个生态概念、物种、现象等。如：What does "it" refer to in the sentence "It is a serious threat to the local ecosystem"? 5.观点态度题 （1）作者观点态度：考查学生对作者在文章中表达的对自然生态问题、保护措施等方面的观点和态度，是支持、反对还是中立，是乐观还是担忧等。常见提问方式：What is the author's attitude towards the measures taken to protect the rainforest? （2）文中人物观点态度：文章中可能会提到不同人物对自然生态相关问题的看法，题目会要求学生判断这些人物的观点态度及其依据。如：What is Dr. Smith's opinion on the new environmental policy? 五、“人与自然-自然生态” 主题阅读理解精练题 （24-25高二上·辽宁沈阳·期末）Sharks and their relatives are some of the most threatened vertebrates (脊椎动物) on Earth. Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) provide homes for countless fish species that are vital for fisheries and are therefore an especially important ecosystem for humans - and one where the decline of shark populations seems to be especially serious. The study by Simpfendorfer with his team is the result of a worldwide cooperation called the Global FinPrint project. The data analyzed include more than 20,000 hours of standardized underwater video taken at nearly 400 reefs in 67 countries around the world. It reveals declines of 60 to 73% of once-abundant coral reef shark species at reefs around the world. However, the findings of Simpfendorfer with his team include signs of hope and a clear path forward. Their results show that although shark populations in many reefs had declined, some healthy reef shark populations remained. The reefs with healthier shark populations had some important similarities: they tended to be in the waters of high-income countries with stronger natural resource management regulations. A country that lacks the resources to feed its people is less able to sustainably manage and protect its biodiversity. The most unexpected result of the study is that a decline or complete loss of shark species in one reef was not always associated with similar changes in nearby reefs. They found that one reef can be overly fished so badly that a once-common reef shark species is totally gone, but another reef a short distance away can have healthy populations of that same species. It is likely that healthy populations can eventually help repopulate nearby areas The problem is clear - animals that provide ecosystem services that are vital for human food security and livelihoods are disappearing at an alarming rate. The loss of sharks and the ecosystem services they provide represents an ecological disaster that can cause substantial harm to humans. But apparently, the findings have shown a way. If the threat that led to population decline are resolved, then these important and threatened animals may recover. 1．Why is Simpfendorfer with his team mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．To stress the result of global cooperation. B．To state the urgency of protecting the earth. C．To show the severe conditions of certain sharks. D．To present the figures of their contributions to sharks. 2．Simpfendorfer’s research found that healthy reef shark populations remained because of . A．strict laws in rich countries B．developed countries C．similarities between other waters D．public awareness of protecting reefs 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．Changes in reefs lead to loss of shark species. B．Humans and animals depend on each other in ecosystem. C．It’s not clear whether humans cause damage to biodiversity. D．The declined shark species have nothing to do with overfishing. 4．What’s the text mainly about? A．Sharp decline of coral reefs. B．Potential recovery of reef sharks. C．Global cooperation of saving sharks. D．Amazing discovery of coral reefs. （24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Jackdaws (寒鸦) are the smallest member of the crow family. They often live in a crowd. Indeed, when cold weather comes, they gather in the hundreds (and sometimes thousands) every evening so that they can sleep in the same place. If you’ve ever heard jackdaws during their evening gatherings and morning departures, you’ll know they are not quiet birds. Despite being fairly low-volume during the day they are really loud on either side of their night-time get-togethers. Why might this be? A team of the Comish Jackdaw Project set out to determine why jackdaws are so noisy before they depart from their sleeping spot. The team’s theory was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “voting”. The researchers suspected that each individual’s call might count as an “I’m in!”. When a certain amount of “I’m in!” are called — and so a certain volume of noise is reached — the group might then depart as a unit. To test this idea, the researchers artificially increased the level of calls during the jackdaws’ natural morning calls. Their expectation was that, if jackdaws really are “voting with their voice” to decide when to depart the sleeping site, artificially adding calls would make them leave earlier than they naturally would have done. Subsequent experiments confirmed their expectation. The team therefore showed that jackdaws use their calls as a sort of voting system. You might wonder why this happens. The researchers suggest that individual jackdaws benefit from the voting system because they are less at risk of being killed and they can get more access to social information — such as where to find food. So the loud calls of jackdaws in the morning are therefore not the pure chaos it sounds like. If you are ever being driven mad by the sound in the morning, you can find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they will leave you in peace. 5．What aspect of jackdaws confused scientists? A．Their strong team spirit. B．Their preference for noisy habitats. C．Their collective sleeping habit. D．Their unusual calling behavior. 6．What happened to the jackdaws when artificial calls were added? A．They stopped calling together. B．They left their sleeping spot earlier. C．They became noisier and more active. D．They changed their sleeping location. 7．What does the voting system mean to individual jackdaws? A．A signal of starting fights. B．A strategy for better survival. C．A way to attract potential partners. D．A method of displaying social skills. 8．What can be the best title for the text? A．Jackdaws Are Really Good at Making Noises. B．Jackdaws Have a Really Complex Voting System. C．Jackdaws Vote to Make a Group Decision. D．Jackdaws Vote to Choose Their Group Leaders. （24-25高二上·天津·期末）We do all sorts of things to attract birds to our yards-from feeders to the right kinds of plants. Sometimes these glimpses are all too quick, or we miss the birds totally because we’re off doing other things. Luckily, there’s a way to enjoy the birds even while you’re not looking. The Bird Photo Booth device captures (拍摄) birds as they land on a feeding dish, giving you an image of the creature in its natural setting. The Bird Photo Booth uses a motion sensor to activate a camera. When a bird sits on a feeding bowl connected to a small lever, the camera starts taking pictures and videos, which can be sent to another device. This way of getting up close and personal with birds appealed to Lisa. When she moved to the United States, she saw birds she hadn’t seen before. She had married into a birdwatcher family and her academic background is in wildlife documentaries, so she was curious to get closer to the birds that were visiting her yard. She set up the photo booth, along with nest boxes equipped with cameras. Additionally, she and her family made their garden as wildlife-friendly as possible giving up pesticides (杀虫剂) and making planting choices that benefit bugs and insects. The device has given Lisa exactly the sort of experience she wanted. She said that she’s seen somewhere around 30 different species. “Going through my photos each day is an everyday pleasure that I would not want to miss in my life,” she said. The pictures are more than just a fun hobby for Lisa, however. She shares them online. “Learning more about nature is always a good thing, and this is an easy way to get into that. So for whoever is interested in seeing their birds closer, I would recommend it,” she continued. “The Bird Photo Booth may not be for those who are not tech-savvy (精通技术的) or who have big fingers.” Patience, of course, is also required. Even though you’ve set up the device, it doesn’t mean the birds will come flocking (聚集) over immediately. 9．Why might people miss seeing birds in their yards? A．The birds are always flying away. B．They are busy doing other things. C．The birds are not interested in the yard. D．The camera is usually out of control. 10．What is Para.2 mainly about? A．What the Bird Photo Booth is made up of. B．How the Bird Photo Booth attracts birds. C．How the Bird Photo Booth works. D．What makes the Bird Photo Booth outstanding. 11．How did Lisa keep her garden? A．By making it natural. B．By tidying it up regularly. C．By setting up hunting nets. D．By using chemicals to kill insects. 12．How did Lisa feel about her experience with the Bird Photo Booth? A．She was discouraged. B．She was surprised. C．She was satisfied. D．She was confused. 13．What can we learn about the Bird Photo Booth? A．It may disturb birds. B．It requires little tech knowledge. C．It can attract birds immediately. D．It helps people learn more about nature. （24-25高二上·甘肃白银·期末）Polar bears in Canada’s Western Hudson Bay — on the southern edge of the Arctic—are continuing to die in high numbers, a new government survey of the land carnivore has found. Females and bear cubs are having an especially hard time. Researchers surveyed Western Hudson Bay — home to Churchill, the town called “the Polar Bear Capital of the World”, — by air in 2021 and estimated there were 618 bears, compared to the 842 in 2016, when they were last surveyed. “The actual decline is a lot larger than I would have expected,” said Andrew Derocher, a biology professor at the University of Alberta who has studied Hudson Bay polar bears for nearly four decades. Derocher was not involved in the study. Since the 1980s, the number of bears in the region has fallen by nearly 50%, the researchers found. The ice essential to their survival is disappearing. Polar bears rely on arctic sea ice that shrinks (减少) in summer with warmer temperatures and forms again in the long winter. They use it to hunt, perching near holes in the thick ice to spot seals, their favorite food, coming up for air. But as the Arctic has warmed twice as fast as the rest of the world because of climate change, sea ice is cracking earlier in the year and taking longer to freeze in the fall. That has left many polar bears that live across the Arctic with less ice on which to live, hunt and reproduce. Polar bears are not only critical predators (捕食者) in the Arctic. For years, before climate change began affecting people around the globe, they were also the best-known face of climate change. Researchers said the concentration of deaths in young bears and females in Western Hudson Bay is alarming. “Those are the types of bears we’ve always predicted would be affected by changes in the environment,” said Stephen Atkinson, the lead author who has studied polar bears for more than 30 years. 14．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 2? A．The number of polar bears in the world. B．The sharp drop of polar bears in Churchill. C．The polar bear’s terrible living environment. D．The researchers’ efforts to protect polar bears. 15．What led to the sharp decrease of polar bears in the region? A．The disappearance of arctic sea ice. B．A lack of sunshine in winter. C．The severe cold weather in the Arctic. D．The destruction of food chain. 16．What is the challenge posed by climate change for polar bears? A．Hunting for enough food. B．Their disordered pace of life. C．Being found by other predators. D．Their habitats flooded by the sea. 17．How does Stephen Atkinson feel about the current situation of polar bears? A．Optimistic. B．Disappointed. C．Concerned. D．Relieved. （24-25高二上·河北·阶段练习）Scientists have discovered that the panda, long considered a bit of a loner (喜独处者), has a surprisingly active social life, communicating with friends and family in a way that’s similar to sharing status (状态) updates on Facebook. In the study on bears in China’s Wolong Nature Reserve, Michigan State University(MSU) researchers focused instead on the trees, because it was on certain trees that the animals would leave scent (气味) signals for others. And the messages turned out to be surprisingly complex. “Once you’ve gotten an eye for it, you can see the scent-marking trees, which are dirtied with a waxy (像蜡的) substance — and the pandas seem to be doing this a lot,” said lead author Thomas Connor. “It was pretty evident they were exchanging information through scent- marking behaviour.” “These scent trees are a form of social media,” said Ken Frank, a professor from MSU. “Like Facebook, it’s asynchronous, meaning you don’t have to be in the same place at the same time. It allows one to broadcast to many, and it’s a record. A panda marking a tree isn’t so different from a Facebook post.” While pandas may not be posting about things similar to those on a human social media network, they can let others know they frequent the territory by “checking in” to that tree, and they can leave details about sex, age, personality and physical size. By smelling a marked tree, a panda can determine if it has met the posters before, and pick up other information such as sex, advantage and size — all characteristics that can help another individual “read the room” without being in the presence of another bear. “The discoveries in this study throw new light on how pandas use their habitat,” said senior author Jianguo Liu from MSU. “Pandas are a part of coupled human and natural systems where humans share their habitat. Anything we can learn about how they live and what they need can ultimately help info rm good conservation policies and maybe understand our own behaviour a little more.” 18．What is the new finding about pandas? A．They enjoy being alone more. B．They post updated status. C．They get together frequently. D．They have an active social life. 19．What plays an important role in pandas’ social behaviours? A．Wax. B．Scent-marking trees. C．Habitat. D．Posters. 20．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．Contents of pandas’ communication. B．Frequency of pandas’ communication. C．Cause and effect of the study. D．Significance of the study. 21．What can this study help do? A．Lead pandas to make friends. B．Protect pandas better. C．Set up more habitats. D．Improve human’s behaviour. （2024高二上·黑龙江·学业考试）Many animals move from one place to another for food, partners or warmer weather, among which is the monarch butterfly (黑脉金斑蝶). We call this annual movement migration (迁徙). Every autumn, millions of these beautiful butterflies begin a long and tough journey. They manage to travel about 4,000 kilometers south. They decide which way to go by telling the time of day and measuring the position of the sun with their eyes. Finally they reach California or Mexico where they will spend the winter. However, scientists have found that the monarch butterfly is in serious trouble. Its population has crashed by as much as 90 percent in the past few years because of human activities. In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. Luckily, the research on the monarch butterfly’s behavior has led to a greater awareness of this lovely insect. People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on. If this works, the number of monarch butterflies may increase once again. 22．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the reason why animals migrate? A．To seek water. B．To find food. C．To look for partners. D．To search for warmer weather. 23．How does the monarch butterfly decide the way to go? A．By the speed of the wind. B．By the light of the moon. C．By the change of the cloud. D．By the time of day and the position of the sun. 24．Where does the monarch butterly spend the winter? A．In South Africa. B．In England or Italy. C．In California or Mexico. D．In Australia or New Zealand. 25．Which is closest in meaning to “crashed” in Paragraph 3? A．Kept unchanged. B．Rose sharply. C．Gone down quickly. D．Increased smoothly. 26．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A pet website. B．A nature magazine. C．A travel guidebook. D．A physics textbook. （24-25高二上·江苏南通·期中）Most people hate mosquitoes — but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes. The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌), which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021. The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death. Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. “More than 1,000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes. It’s going everywhere,” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News. Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM，转基因的) mosquitoes. In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida. According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gene that prevents female offspring (后代) from surviving to adulthood; and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild. After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring. In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease. 27．Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O’Neill? A．To prevent mosquitoes from biting people. B．To make money for the scientists involved. C．To reduce the number of insects in the world. D．To spread a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis. 28．What can we learn about the release of modified mosquitoes in Brazil? A．The decision to do so is only based on scientific research. B．The program will immediately reduce dengue cases by 77%. C．The high infection rate of dengue in Brazil is a key factor to it. D．The program aims to remove dengue completely within the next decade. 29．What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Permitted. B．Removed. C．Disturbed. D．Restricted. 30．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Benefits of Mosquitoes B．Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases C．The World Mosquito Program’s Success D．Genetic Engineering in Medical Research （24-25高二上·四川眉山·期中）While facial recognition technology continues to promote many aspects of human life, it’s now being applied to aid the protection of giant pandas, Xinhua News Agency reported on 6 January, 2022. A nature reserve has built an AI-enabled video monitoring system to better protect giant pandas. Equipped with 300 infrared(红外线的) cameras, the monitoring system helps ensure the health and safety of 110 wild giant pandas there. It was put into operation two years ago, and has captured numerous photos and videos of pandas engaged in activities such as eating, resting and fighting for mates. It provides scientific data to help us grasp pandas’ living conditions and establish conservation strategies. More importantly, it achieves real-time monitoring of the reserve so that we can discern the threats to the wildlife as early as possible. A recent study found the facial recognition system could automatically recognize various wild animals caught in infrared cameras, allowing researchers to collect data on giant pandas while staying indoors. It’s shown that by equipping the reserve with the AI-aided system to store the filed photos of giant pandas, we obtain a 98% success rate for species recognition. Its success rate of recognizing other wild animals can top 80%. In 2021 alone, this monitoring system captured 2,896 photos of giant pandas and other rare animals and filmed 3,218 seconds of footage, showcasing the reserve’s sound ecological environment as well as a gradual rise in the panda population there. Head of the reserve’s administration, Liu Xingming, said researchers used the system not only to observe the dynamics and health of the giant panda population but also to learn about changes in the natural surroundings of their habitat. “The monitoring system has enabled the systematic, scientific, and intelligent conservation of wildlife, ”he added. “However, it is expected to be further improved and optimized in the near future. ” 31．What does the underlined word “discern” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Receive. B．Pose. C．Attach. D．Detect. 32．What can be inferred about the new technology from the study? A．It precisely recognizes any species. B．It makes the panda population rise rapidly. C．It contributes to species data collection. D．It understands pandas’ facial appearance. 33．What is Liu Xingming’s attitude to the facial recognition monitoring system? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Ambiguous. D．Indifferent. 34．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Panda Facial Recognition Using the Database B．Functions of Facial Recognition Technology C．AI Technology for Better Panda Protection D．A Breakthrough in the Video Monitoring System （24-25高二上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·阶段练习）Farmers often feel they need a lot of sunshine to produce a good crop. But lots of vegetables grow well without much sun. The Rodale Institute in Pennsylvania published a report about this subject some years ago in its magazine Organic Gardening. The report said many different kinds of foods, from blueberries to beans, can be grown in the shade. Some vegetables do need a lot of sun. A vegetable crop expert at the University of Maine advised putting these vegetables where they can get from eight to ten hours of sunlight a day. Tomatoes, melons, squash and peppers are among those that need the most sun. Plants that produce root crops, such as carrots and beets, need from six to eight hours of sunlight every day. But leafy vegetables, such as lettuce and spinach, need only six hours of sunlight a day. The Rodale Institute says a garden should be planned carefully especially if you grow different kinds of foods. For example, rows of vegetables should be planted in an east-west direction. That way, as the sun passes overhead, all the plants will receive an equal amount of light. This is especially important when the plants grow to different heights. Nut trees such as filbert, hazelnut and yellowhorn produce well with only sun in the morning. Some fruits also do well without a lot of sunlight. In the United States, blueberries, raspberries, and several kinds of pears need only a little sun each day. In Asia, the hard y kiwi grows well in the shade. Many herbs grow well without much sun. Mint plants, for example, grow well in the shade. So do sage, dill, oregano, borage, chamomile and several kinds of thyme. Mr Brown, the owner of a garden seed company warned against removing shade trees. He cut down all his shade trees to provide more sun for his crops. But then he had to protect his summer lettuce from the heat of the sun by hanging a piece of cloth to provide shade. Instead of cutting trees, he suggested putting plants that need a lot of sunlight, such as tomatoes, in containers. That way they can be moved as the sun moves. 35．Rows of vegetables should be planted in an east-west direction so that the plants can . A．grow to the same height B．share the same amount of light C．grow well in the shade D．get enough water 36．Which kind of plant should NOT be grown in the shade? A．Blueberries. B．Beans. C．Sage. D．Tomatoes. 37．According to Mr Brown what is a good way to provide more sun for crops in his garden? A．Cutting down all shade trees. B．Hanging a piece of cloth to provide shade. C．Removing the leafy vegetables. D．Putting plants which need a lot of sunlight in containers. 38．What is the text most likely taken from? A．A science magazine. B．A newspaper. C．A government report. D．A story book. （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）In the vast and diverse world of animals, there exists odd gestures that often leave us humans puzzled and amazed. These gestures, which may seem strange or unusual to us, are actually fascinating glimpses into the unique behaviors and communication styles of our pets. Animals want our attention, and sometimes they’re quite obvious about asking for it. Odd gesture are often our pets’ way of telling us to stop what we’re doing and play with them. It’s why Fido constantly follows his tail and why Kitty keeps rolling around. An extremely bored pet may choose “bad” behaviors to cause a reaction! Sure, your dog loves you, but that’s not why he’s licking (舔) your face. A little dog learns to lick his mother’s mouth to obtain a little food, so Spot isn’t kissing you in our sense of the word; he just wants a snack. Cat owners also misinterpret their pets’ kisses. While a cat might lick you to show love, sometimes she’ll do it to comfort herself. One way to tell if her licking is stress-related is whether it goes on for a long period of time. At some point you’ve probably told these words to someone who made you angry. Dogs think similarly, avoiding eye contact with anyone who injures their feelings. Another sign of anger: yawning (打哈欠). A yawning dog may not be tired but anxious, not bored but stressed. Similarly, lip-licking — when there isn’t food around to bring about it — is another sign of threat. You might think your dog is running around the backyard, having the time of his life while you’re away. But the reality is that he’s most likely just sitting in one spot for hours, waiting for you to return with anxiety. Dogs actually prefer to be inside, ideally with their owners. 39．If a dog intends to eat food, which action will it take? A．It stretches its legs, yawning. B．It makes an eye contact with its owner. C．It licks its owner’s face with a soft tongue. D．It runs around the backyard, following its tail. 40．What do we learn about the gesture if a cat constantly kisses itself? A．It feels amused. B．It feels stressed. C．It feels angry. D．It feels tired. 41．When the dog sits for a long time without moving，it reveals ________. A．the dog is eagerly awaiting your return B．the dog displays a sign of tiredness C．the dog is extremely bored to play with you D．the dog displays a sign of embarrassment 42．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Pets: Lovely Animals B．Dogs: Odd gestures C．What Your Pet Is Trying to Tell You D．What Should We Do With Our Pets 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$