重点话题32人与自然 宇宙探索 完形填空 -【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版）

重点话题32人与自然-宇宙探索 完形填空 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） 人与社会：高二英语 “人与自然—宇宙探索” 主题完形填空中的一些高频词汇和短语： 一、高频词汇 astronaut：宇航员；太空人 launch：发射；发起；上市 leap：跳跃；剧增；剧变；跳过；跃过 signal：标志着；标明；发信号；信号；标志 recycle：回收利用；再利用 float：浮动；漂流；漂浮；使浮动；使漂流 beyond：在更远处；超出 mankind：人类 current：当前的；现在的；水流；电流；思潮；潮流1 keen：热衷的；渴望的 limited：有限的 resource：资源；财力；物力 oxygen：氧；氧气 attach：系；绑；贴 universe：宇宙；天地万物 telescope：望远镜 intelligent：有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 determined：有决心的；意志坚定的 disappointed：失望的；沮丧的 desire：渴望；欲望；渴望；期望 globe：地球；世界；地球仪 argue：论证；争辩；争论 analysis：（对事物的）分析；分析结果 satellite：人造卫星；卫星 spacecraft：航天器；宇宙飞船 spacewalk：太空行走 gravity：重力，地球引力 solar system：太阳系 二、高频短语 space rocket：太空火箭 the earth's orbit around the sun：地球环绕太阳的轨道 be transmitted live by satellite：通过卫星现场转播 make full use of solar energy：充分利用太阳能 International Space Station：国际空间站 on board：在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 as a result of：作为…… 的结果，由于 as a whole：作为一个整体，整个看来 as for：至于，就…… 方面说 as if：好像，仿佛 as well as：除…… 外（也），既…… 又 in advance：提前 consist of：由…… 组成；由…… 构成 react to：对…… 做出反应 respond to：回答；回应 三、“人与自然 —— 宇宙探索” 为主题的完形填空，通常有以下考法和考点： （一）考法 整体主旨把握：要求学生理解整个篇章是围绕宇宙探索中人与自然的关系展开，可能涉及人类对宇宙的好奇、探索过程中的发现、对地球和人类自身认知的影响等。例如，通过文章首段或结尾段的关键句来考查学生对整体主题方向的理解。 段落逻辑理解：会设置一些需要根据段落间的逻辑关系来选择答案的题目。比如，段落之间可能存在对比关系，如人类早期与现代对宇宙探索方法和认知的对比；也可能是因果关系，如因为某种宇宙现象的发现，导致人类对自然的某种新认识等。 1.词汇应用考法 近义词辨析：给出几个意思相近的单词，如 discover、find、invent 等，让学生根据语境选择最合适的词。在宇宙探索主题中，discover 更侧重于发现原本存在但未被人知晓的事物，如发现新的星球，而 invent 则是发明创造原本不存在的东西，通过这样的对比来考查学生对词汇细微差别的理解。 固定搭配与短语：考查与宇宙探索相关的固定搭配和短语，如 space exploration（太空探索）、launch a satellite（发射卫星）等。学生需要熟悉这些搭配才能准确理解和选择。 2.语法知识考法 从句引导词：可能会在涉及对宇宙现象描述或探索过程介绍的句子中，考查定语从句、宾语从句等的引导词。比如，“The telescope, which is used to observe distant stars...”，考查学生对 which 引导非限制性定语从句的用法掌握。 时态和语态：根据文章中对宇宙探索事件发生的时间先后顺序，考查不同的时态和语态。如讲述过去的探索事件用一般过去时，介绍科学发现对现在的影响用现在完成时等。 （二）考点 1.词汇考点 宇宙相关词汇：astronaut（宇航员）、planet（行星）、galaxy（星系）、universe（宇宙）、orbit（轨道）等基础词汇，以及一些更专业的如 nebula（星云）、black hole（黑洞）等词汇的理解和运用。 探索动作词汇：如 explore、probe、investigate、research 等表示探索行为的词汇，要能区分它们在语境中的不同用法。 2.语法考点 非谓语动词：在描述宇宙探索的设备、实验等内容时，常考非谓语动词作定语、状语等。例如，“The spaceship, designed to withstand extreme temperatures, successfully landed on the moon.” 中 designed 就是过去分词作定语，修饰 spaceship。 虚拟语气：在表达对宇宙探索的假设、愿望等情况时，可能会考查虚拟语气。如 “If we could travel at the speed of light, we could explore more distant galaxies.” 3.逻辑关系考点 因果关系：例如因为宇宙中存在某种特殊的磁场环境，所以某种探测器的工作受到了影响，学生要能根据上下文逻辑判断出因果关系，选择正确的连接词如 because、so 等。 转折关系：人类虽然在宇宙探索中取得了很多成果，但仍有许多未知等待解决，通过 but、however 等词来考查转折关系的理解和运用。 四、高二英语“人与自然—宇宙探索”主题完形填空解题思路 高二英语 “人与自然 —宇宙探索” 主题完形填空可从通览全文、逐空解答、复查验证这几个步骤入手，具体解题思路如下： （一）通览全文，把握主题与脉络 明确主题方向：快速浏览文章，确定是围绕 “人与自然 —— 宇宙探索” 展开，可能涉及人类探索宇宙的历程、重要发现、对人类生活和认知的影响，或者是人与自然在宇宙大背景下的关系等内容。比如文章可能讲述人类从古代对星空的观察到现代利用先进技术探索火星的过程，要抓住这个整体方向。 梳理文章结构：判断文章是按照时间顺序，如从早期天文观测到现代航天发展来叙述；还是按照逻辑顺序，如先提出宇宙探索的意义，再阐述面临的挑战和未来展望等进行组织。了解结构有助于把握上下文的逻辑联系。 （二）逐空解答，综合分析选答案 结合上下文语境 利用前文信息：前文提到的内容可能为后面的空提供线索。如前文说 “Astronomers have been observing the sky for centuries”，后面可能就会出现与观测工具或方法相关的空，像 “With the development of ___, they can see more clearly.”，结合前文可判断这里可能填 telescopes 等词汇。 依据后文提示：后文的内容也能帮助确定前面空的答案。比如后面提到 “...and this discovery changed our understanding of the solar system”，那前面可能是在说某个具体的发现，如 “Scientists found a new planet in a different ___.”，根据后文可知这里填 orbit 比较合适。 分析词汇用法 考虑词性和词形：根据句子结构判断所需词的词性，如 “The ___ (discover) of new galaxies is exciting news.”，这里需要用名词形式 discovery。 辨析近义词和反义词：对于意思相近或相反的词，要根据语境区分。如 “explore” 和 “research” 都有探索研究的意思，但 “explore” 更强调实地考察等行为，“research” 更侧重学术研究等，要根据具体语境选择。 （三）关注语法规则 判断句子成分：分析句子中缺失的成分来确定答案。如 “___ is known to all, the universe is vast.”，这里考查 as 引导的非限制性定语从句，as 在句中作主语，指代后面整个句子的内容。 注意时态和语态：根据文章讲述的事件时间来确定时态，如讲述过去的一次太空任务用一般过去时，描述科学事实用一般现在时等。同时要注意被动语态的使用，如 “Many satellites have been ___ (launch) into space.”，这里应该用 launched。 （四）理清逻辑关系 因果关系：若前后句存在因果关系，要选对相应的连接词。如 “Humans are curious about the universe ___ they want to know more about their place in it.”，这里应该用 because。 并列、转折、递进关系：根据上下文逻辑判断。例如 “Space exploration is difficult; ___, it is also full of opportunities.”，这里表示转折，应该用 however。 复查验证，确保答案准确合理 通读检查：将所选答案代入文章，再次通读全文，检查文章是否通顺，逻辑是否连贯，语法是否正确。 重点复查：对不确定或觉得有难度的题目进行重点检查，看是否有遗漏的信息或错误的判断。 五、高二英语“人与自然-宇宙探索”完形填空精练题 （25高二上·湖南邵阳·期中）I’m not allowed to touch the moon rocks. This is the lab where the Johnson Space Center 1 the original samples that the Apollo astronauts 2 to the earth decades ago. As I stare at the rocks through glass, Charis, my tour guide, says in a 3 voice: No touching the moon rocks. Before 4 this clean room, I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. We then 5 gloves and a hair cover. Finally, we spend a full minute standing in an air shower, under a steady light wind 6 from ceiling to floor to 7 us of any fine dust. Inside the clean room, the rocks are kept in 8 , pressurized containers. Only five sample processors in the world get to routinely handle these 9 stones. They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict 10 about touching samples. All the 11 is to protect the 382 kilograms of rocks lifted from the moon. “One big 12 belief is that the Apollo samples aren’t being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon,” says Charis. “Neither of those is true.” Keeping priceless samples away from curious 13 allowed scientists to make one of the most surprising lunar 14 of the last 50 years: The moon is wet. Those samples are still offering fresh details about how the 15 — and the entire solar system — formed and developed. 1．A．accumulates B．stores C．tests D．analyzes 2．A．brought B．sent C．donated D．introduced 3．A．thoughtful B．sensitive C．eager D．firm 4．A．leaving B．inspecting C．entering D．observing 5．A．reach for B．deal with C．put on D．inquire about 6．A．blowing B．shooting C．sweeping D．rising 7．A．warn B．assure C．remind D．clear 8．A．useful B．secure C．empty D．new 9．A．precious B．strange C．clean D．previous 10．A．schedules B．laws C．rules D．orders 11．A．effort B．sacrifice C．arrangement D．reform 12．A．uncommon B．contradictory C．impractical D．mistaken 13．A．minds B．looks C．fingers D．questions 14．A．attempts B．fortune C．reservation D．discoveries 15．A．sun B．moon C．earth D．universe 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了阿波罗任务带回地球的月球岩石的保存和研究过程。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是休斯顿太空中心储存阿波罗宇航员几十年前带回地球的原始样品的实验室。A. accumulates积累；B. stores储存；C. tests测试；D. analyzes分析。根据后文“the original samples”可知，此处指储存月球岩石样品。故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. brought带来；B. sent发送；C. donated捐献；D. introduced介绍。根据后文“to the earth decades ago”和背景常识，可知阿波罗宇航员将月球岩石带回地球。故选A。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我透过玻璃凝视着岩石时，我的导游查理斯用坚定的声音说：不要触摸月球岩石。A. thoughtful体贴的; B. sensitive敏感的; C. eager渴望的; D. firm坚定的。根据句意及后文“No touching the moon rocks”可知，这里表达我的导游查理斯用坚定的声音说。故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：进入这个洁净室之前，我要摘掉所有的首饰。A. leaving离开；B. inspecting检查；C. entering进入；D. observing观察。根据后文“I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. ”可知，此处指进入洁净室之前的步骤。故选C。 5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和我的导游给鞋子套上蓝色纸制套靴，穿上全身工作服。A. reach for伸手去够；B. deal with处理；C. put on穿上；D. inquire about询问。根据后文“gloves and a hair cover”可知，此处指穿上相应的防护装备。故选C。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们花整整一分钟站在风淋室中，从天花板到地板吹过淡淡的风，以清理我们身上的细小灰尘。A. blowing吹；B. shooting发射；C. sweeping扫；D. rising上升。根据前文“under a steady light wind”可知，这里指风在吹。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们花整整一分钟站在风淋室中，从天花板到地板吹过淡淡的风，以清理我们身上的细小灰尘。A. warn警告；B. assure确保；C. remind提醒；D. clear清除。根据后文“any fine dust”可知，这套设备的目的是清除灰尘。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在洁净室内，岩石保存在安全加压的容器中。A. useful有用的；B. secure安全的；C. empty空的；D. new新的。根据后文“pressurized containers”以及安全和保存要求，容器需要是安全的。故选B。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有世界上五位样品处理者可以常规处理这些珍贵的石头。A. precious珍贵的；B. strange奇怪的；C. clean干净的；D. previous之前的。根据后文“They preserve and prepare the samples for studies”结合这些阿波罗任务带回地球的月球岩石的稀有性可知，岩石被称为“珍贵的”。故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们必须使用特殊工具来拿取阿波罗岩石，并遵循非常严格的规则触碰样品。A. schedules日程；B. laws法律；C. rules规则；D. orders命令。根据前文“they must use special tools”结合句意分析操作要求，需遵循特定规则。故选C。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的努力都是为了保护从月球带回的382公斤岩石。A. effort努力；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. arrangement安排；D. reform改革。根据前文“ They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict 10 about touching samples. ”可知描述了保护岩石的辛勤工作，因此是“努力”。故选A。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个大错是认为阿波罗样本不再被研究，只能告诉我们有关月球的事情。A. uncommon不常见的；B. contradictory矛盾的；C. impractical不切实际的；D. mistaken错误的。根据后文“the Apollo samples aren’t being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon,” says Charis. “Neither of those is true.”可知，这种想法是错误的。故选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：将无价样品远离好奇的手指让科学家做出过去50年最惊人的月球发现之一：月球是湿的。A. minds思想；B. looks外观；C. fingers手指；D. questions问题。根据前文“Keeping priceless samples away from”推断，此处指避免好奇的人触碰样品。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. attempts尝试；B. fortune财富；C. reservation保留；D. discoveries发现。根据后文“ The moon is wet”可知，这句话是该样品帮助实现的新发现。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些样品仍在提供有关月球——以及整个太阳系——形成与发展的新细节。A. sun太阳；B. moon月球；C. earth地球；D. universe宇宙。根据前文的“The moon is wet”和后文“the entire solar system”以及全文都在描述月球岩石的保存和研究过程，所以此处应指“月球”。故选B。 （24-25高二上·云南大理·期中）SPACE, the final frontier, the stuff of dreams. Yet, in reality, a place that is filled with 16 and sometimes tragedy (悲剧). This time, its legendary tale is 17 by British astronaut Tim Peake in his book Space: The human story. It is about the 18 experience and the “unusual normality of what we try and make out our job to be——it’s 19 people doing extraordinary jobs”, says Peake, 20 an ambassador for the European Space Agency. The main image of one photo included in this book 21 the biggest feat (壮举) so far: the 22 moon landing on 20 July 1969. This is not the representative 23 of Neil Armstrong’s first steps, 24 a more candid picture (taken by Armstrong) of Buzz Aldrin walking across the lunar surface. Four days earlier, the Apollo 11 mission 25 the moon, as a striking image of its launch shows. To its left, Ed White can be seen spacewalking during the Gemini 4 mission in June 1965, which saw him floating roughly 150 kilometers 26 Earth. Ed White and astronauts Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffe were set to crew the Apollo 1 mission, a predecessor (前身) of Apollo 11 that was 27 to launch into orbit around Earth in February 1967. The image at top left shows them during capsule training. 28 , all three died on 27 January 1967, after a fire broke out during a test. Thinking of the 29 , Peake says: “We’re looking at establishing a lunar station and stepping stones to Mars. As the ISS (International Space Station) comes to its retirement, it felt like the right time to 30 the whole story up to date.” 16．A．gravity B．options C．risks D．desire 17．A．forgotten B．noticed C．remembered D．told 18．A．roller coaster B．roller skating C．honor roll D．rock&roll 19．A．attractive B．ethnic C．ordinary D．native 20．A．absolutely B．currently C．definitely D．typically 21．A．attaches B．complains C．gathers D．features 22．A．fatal B．final C．first D．funny 23．A．script B．ceremony C．element D．shot 24．A．but B．therefore C．however D．otherwise 25．A．hoped for B．longed for C．provided for D．set off for 26．A．above B．besides C．aside D．behind 27．A．admitted B．chosen C．intended D．pursued 28．A．Unusually B．Unfortunately C．Unfairly D．Uncertainly 29．A．future B．competitions C．scenery D．tradition 30．A．give B．bring C．make D．take 【答案】 16．C 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．D 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了英国宇航员Tim Peake在他的书籍Space: The human story中，对太空探索的传奇故事进行了叙述。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在现实中，这个地方充满了风险，有时甚至是悲剧。A. gravity重力；B. options选择；C. risks风险；D. desire渴望。根据下文“and sometimes tragedy”可知，这个地方是充满风险的。故选C。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次，英国宇航员Tim Peake在他的Space: The human story一书中讲述了它的传奇故事。A. forgotten忘记；B. noticed注意到；C. remembered记得；D. told讲述。根据上文“its legendary tale”和下文“by British astronaut Tim Peake in his book Space: The human story”可知，英国宇航员Tim Peake讲述这个故事。故选D。 18．考查名词短语辨析。句意：目前担任European Space Agency大使的Peake说，这是一种过山车式的体验，“我们试图让自己的工作变得不寻常——普通人做着不平凡的工作。”A. roller coaster过山车；B. roller skating滑旱冰；C. honor roll荣誉榜；D. rock&roll摇滚。根据第一段“a place that is filled with risks and sometimes tragedy”可知，太空中风险很多，所以在太空中就像是坐过山车一样，故选A。 19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前担任European Space Agency大使的Peake说，这是一种过山车式的体验，“我们试图让自己的工作变得不寻常——普通人做着不平凡的工作。”A. attractive有吸引力的；B. ethnic民族的；C. ordinary普通的；D. native本地的。根据下文“people doing extraordinary jobs”可知，此处是指普通人做不平凡的工作。故选C。 20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：目前担任European Space Agency大使的Peake说，这是一种过山车式的体验，“我们试图让自己的工作变得不寻常——普通人做着不平凡的工作。”A. absolutely绝对地，完全地；B. currently目前；C. definitely肯定地，当然；D. typically典型地。根据下文“an ambassador for the European Space Agency”可知，Peake目前是European Space Agency的大使。故选B。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这本书中包含的一张照片的主图像展示了迄今为止最伟大的壮举：1969年7月20日人类首次登月。A. attaches粘，贴；B. complains抱怨；C. gathers聚集；D. features特写。根据上文“The main image of one photo”和下文“the biggest feat”可知，那张照片是对那次伟大壮举的特写。故选D。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这本书中包含的一张照片的主图像展示了迄今为止最伟大的壮举：1969年7月20日人类首次登月。A. fatal致命的；B. final最后的；C. first第一次的；D. funny有趣的。根据下文“on 20 July 1969”和历史知识可知，1969年7月20日人类首次登月，空格处意为“第一次的”。故选C。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这不是Neil Armstrong迈出第一步的代表性照片，而是Buzz Aldrin在月球表面行走的一张更像是被偷拍的照片（由Neil Armstrong拍摄）。A. script剧本，讲稿；B. ceremony仪式，典礼；C. element元素；D. shot照片、镜头。根据上文“The main image of one photo”可知，此处是说这不是Neil Armstrong迈出第一步的代表性照片。故选D。 24．考查连词/副词词义辨析。句意：这不是Neil Armstrong迈出第一步的代表性照片，而是Buzz Aldrin在月球表面行走的一张更像是被偷拍的照片（由Neil Armstrong拍摄）。A. but但是；B. therefore因此；C. however然而；D. otherwise否则。根据上文“of Neil Armstrong’s first steps”和下文“a more candid picture (taken by Armstrong) of Buzz Aldrin walking across the lunar surface”可知，前后两句是转折关系，空格处用but。注意however虽表转折，但空后要有逗号，故选A。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：4天前，阿波罗11号登月任务出发了，这是一张引人注目的发射照片。A. hoped for希望；B. longed for渴望；C. provided for供养，赡养；D. set off for出发前往。根据上文“the Apollo 11 mission”和下文“the moon”可知，阿波罗11号是出发前往月球。故选D。 26．考查介词词义辨析。句意：在照片的左边，可以看到Ed White在1965年6月的双子座4号任务中进行太空行走，当时他漂浮在地球上空大约150公里处。A. above在……上方；B. besides除……之外（还）；C. aside在旁边；D. behind在……后面。根据上文“Ed White can be seen spacewalking”可知，此处是指他在地球上方行走。故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ed White和宇航员Gus Grissom和Roger Chaffe被安排参加阿波罗1号任务，这是阿波罗11号的前身，计划于1967年2月发射进入地球轨道。A. admitted承认；B. chosen选择；C. intended计划；D. pursued追求。根据下文“to launch into orbit around Earth in February 1967”可知，阿波罗1号任务计划于1967年2月发射进入地球轨道。故选C。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，1967年1月27日，在一次试验过程中发生火灾后，这三人全部遇难。A. Unusually通常；B. Unfortunately不幸的是；C. Unfairly不公平地；D. Uncertainly不确定地。根据下文“all three died on 27 January 1967”可知，三个都死了，这是不幸的事情。故选B。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到未来，Peake说：“我们正在考虑建立一个月球站，成为通往火星的垫脚石。随着国际空间站（ISS）即将退役，我觉得现在是时候把整个故事更新了。”A. future将来；B. competitions竞争；C. scenery风景；D. tradition传统。根据下文“We’re looking at establishing a lunar station and stepping stones to Mars”可知，这是Peake对未来的展望，空格处意为“未来”。故选A。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考虑到未来，Peake说：“我们正在考虑建立一个月球站，成为通往火星的垫脚石。随着国际空间站（ISS）即将退役，我觉得现在是时候把整个故事更新了。”A. give给；B. bring带来，使处于某种状况；C. make制作；D. take拿走。根据上文“We’re looking at establishing a lunar station and stepping stones to Mars”和下文“the whole story up to date”可知，Peake的意思是现在是时候把整个故事更新了，bring sth. up to date是固定短语，意为“使某物更新”。故选B。 （23-24高二下·广东汕头·期中）Neil Armstrong was truly suited to be an Apollo astronaut. And he was also a brave test pilot who put his life on the line for 31 progress. As the first human to walk on the moon, he 32 returned to Earth in 1969. 33 Armstrong’s early life, people felt that fate chose the gifted young man to become an astronaut. He was 34 by planes and took to flying as a child. At 16, he received his pilot’s license and became a test pilot. He went to Purdue University and then served for three years as a fighter pilot. He 35 to Purdue University to finish his degree and was 36 by the National Advisor Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1955. Later, he started his space 37 at the NACA Lewis Research Center, but made his 38 as a daring test pilot at another research center . Armstrong flew the famed X-15, an experimentally challenging rocket-powered plane that 39 the lives of several brave National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) test pilots. The X-15 reached a top speed and could climb right to the edge of 40 . But to fully break the 41 of Earth’s atmosphere and survive, he would have to become an astronaut. The long-awaited call to join NASA’s astronaut training program came in 1962. Armstrong 42 himself into his new job at NASA headquarters. Armstrong’s hard work 43 . In 1966, he was chosen as the command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission. The mission required someone with Armstrong’s steady hand and 44 heart. He finally finished the first-ever docking (对接) of two vehicles in orbit 45 much difficulty, which laid the groundwork for his future missions to the moon. 31．A．religious B．scientific C．commercial D．political 32．A．barely B．bitterly C．successfully D．apparently 33．A．Recollecting B．Restoring C．Repairing D．Rescuing 34．A．amused B．drawn C．stuck D．disturbed 35．A．admitted B．restricted C．returned D．objected 36．A．dismissed B．abandoned C．beaten D．hired 37．A．shot B．career C．station D．creation 38．A．plane B．vehicle C．name D．case 39．A．sheltered B．comforted C．monitored D．claimed 40．A．space B．land C．mountains D．oceans 41．A．features B．bans C．bonds D．elements 42．A．persuaded B．threw C．relaxed D．tricked 43．A．fell behind B．faded away C．paid off D．got about 44．A．fearless B．genuine C．enthusiastic D．considerate 45．A．apart from B．instead of C．far from D．regardless of 【答案】 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C 36．D 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．A 41．C 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国著名宇航员阿姆斯特朗的生平。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他还是一名勇敢的试飞员，为科学进步奉献一生。A. religious 宗教的；B. scientific 科学的；C. commercial 商业的；D. political 政治的。根据上文“Apollo astronaut”和下文“the first human to walk on the moon”可知，阿姆斯特朗是第一个在月球上漫步的人，由此可知，他是为科学的进步奉献。故选B项。 32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为第一个在月球上行走的人，他于1969年成功返回地球。A. barely几乎不；B. bitterly痛苦地；C. successfully成功地；D. apparently显然。根据常识可知，阿姆斯特朗1969年成功返回了地球。故选C项。 33． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：回顾阿姆斯特朗的早年生活，人们感觉是命运选择了这个有天赋的年轻人成为一名宇航员。A. Recollecting回忆；B. Restoring恢复；C. Repairing修理；D. Rescuing营救。根据下文“Armstrong’s early life”可知，应是回顾阿姆斯特朗的早年生活。故选A项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他被飞机吸引，并在童年时期就开始飞行。A. amused逗笑；B. drawn吸引；C. stuck卡住、困住；D. disturbed打扰、妨碍。根据下文“ and took to flying as a child.”可知，应是他被飞机吸引。故选B项。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回到普渡大学完成学位，并于1955年被美国国家航空咨询委员会聘用。A. admitted承认；B. restricted限制；C. returned返回；D. objected反对。根据上文“He went to Purdue University and then served for three years as a fighter pilot.”可知，阿姆斯特朗先去了普渡大学，后来当了三年战斗机飞行员，故应是返回普渡大学完成学位。故选C项。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回到普渡大学完成学位，并于1955年被美国国家航空咨询委员会聘用。A. dismissed 解雇；B. abandoned 抛弃；C. beaten 打败；D. hired 雇佣。根据下文“by the National Advisor Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1955.”可知，他应是被NACA聘用。故选D项。 37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在NACA刘易斯研究中心开始了他的太空生涯，但在另一个研究中心作为大胆的试飞员而闻名。A. shot射击、射门；B. career事业；C. station车站、岗位；D. creation创造、创建。根据上文“He started his space”可知，他在这里开始了自己的太空事业。故选B项。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在NACA刘易斯研究中心开始了他的太空生涯，但在另一个研究中心作为大胆的试飞员而闻名。A. plane飞机；B. vehicle车辆；C. name名字、名声；D. case实例、案例。根据下文“as a daring test pilot at another research center.”可知，他应是作为一名大胆的试飞员而出名，make one’s name“出名，成名”。故选C项。 39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿姆斯特朗驾驶着著名的X-15，这是一架具有挑战性的试验性火箭动力飞机，夺去了几位勇敢的美国国家航空航天局试飞员的生命。A. sheltered庇护；B. comforted安慰；C. monitored监控；D. claimed声称，夺走。根据上文“an experimentally challenging rocket-powered plane”可知，这是一种具有挑战性的试验性飞机，说明很危险，故应是夺走了几位试飞员的生命。故选D项。 40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：X-15达到了最高速度，可以爬升到太空的边缘。A. space空间、太空；B. land陆地、地面；C. mountains山；D. oceans海洋。根据上文“rocket-powered plane”和“could climb right to the edge of ”可知，这是一种火箭动力飞机，最高速度可以飞到太空的边缘。故选A项。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但要完全打破地球大气层的束缚并生存下来，他必须成为一名宇航员。A. features特征；B. bans禁令；C. bonds纽带、枷锁、桎梏；D. elements元素。根据下文“of Earth’s atmosphere and survive”及常识可知，大气层对于地球来说是一种保护，但对于地球人来说，想要去到太空，那大气层就变成了枷锁、束缚。故选C项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿姆斯特朗全身心地投入到NASA总部的新工作中。A. persuaded说服、劝服；B. threw抛、投入、投身于；C. relaxed休息、放松；D. tricked欺骗、哄骗。根据下文“himself into his new job”可知，阿姆斯特朗应是全身心投入到工作中，throw oneself into“全身心投入”。故选B项。 43．考查动词短语辨析。句意：阿姆斯特朗的努力得到了回报。A. fell behind落后；B. faded away逐渐消失；C. paid off得到回报；D. got about在……传开。根据下文“In 1966, he was chosen as the command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission.”可知，阿姆斯特朗被选为双子座8号任务的指挥飞行员，说明他的努力得到了回报。故选C项。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项任务需要一个像阿姆斯特朗那样身手稳健、心无畏惧的人。A. fearless 无所畏惧的；B. genuine 真诚的；C. enthusiastic 热情的；D. considerate 体贴的。根据上文“The mission required someone with Armstrong’s steady hand”和下文“heart”可知，此处指像阿姆斯特朗那样无所畏惧的人。故选A项。 45． 考查介词短语辨析。句意：他终于克服重重困难，完成了两架飞行器在轨道上的首次对接，为他以后的登月任务奠定了基础。A. apart from 除了；B. instead of 代替；C. far from 远非；D. regardless of 不管，尽管。根据下文“much difficulty”可知，尽管困难重重，他最终坚持完成了任务。故选D项。 （22-23高二上·江苏盐城·期中）Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn’t it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like 46 in zero gravity. However, without 47 , there are also plenty of things astronauts can’t do, and that’s very 48 . What’s worse, they can’t even let their sadness show — because it’s impossible to 49 in zero gravity. Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space. Because of their 50 environment, tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes. This 51 that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go — they just 52 there. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew J. Feustel 53 this during one of his spacewalks. Besides making your 54 unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring 55 to the eyes. But that’s not the case in space. “My right eye is painful like crazy,” Feustel told his teammate during the walk. Since gravity doesn’t work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel 56 to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait. “When the tears get big enough they 57 break free of the eye and float around,” astronaut Ron Parise said. In space, astronauts can’t eat or drink in 58 ways. Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can’t even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food 59 in their stomach. If they do burp, they just 60 throwing up everything in their stomach. Thus, perhaps it’s only space explorers who can honestly say, “Gravity, you’re the best.” 46．A．leaping B．floating C．eating D．talking 47．A．gravity B．doubt C．aid D．effort 48．A．risky B．lifelike C．sad D．unfortunate 49．A．foresee B．view C．pray D．cry 50．A．dangerous B．extreme C．stable D．weightless 51．A．expects B．means C．demands D．shows 52．A．meet B．develop C．stay D．leave 53．A．witnessed B．acknowledged C．experienced D．suffered 54．A．mind B．vision C．sense D．idea 55．A．peace B．disaster C．stress D．comfort 56．A．chose B．decided C．stopped D．hesitated 57．A．fluently B．exactly C．efficiently D．simply 58．A．regular B．normal C．particular D．rational 59．A．out B．off C．down D．up 60．A．give up B．end up C．put off D．feel like 【答案】 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．D 50．D 51．B 52．C 53．C 54．B 55．D 56．A 57．D 58．B 59．C 60．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在没有重力的情况下，宇航员所面对的一些生理方面的问题。如在太空中哭泣要难得多。由于失重的环境，眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流。眼泪要么留在眼眶里让人视觉模糊，感觉非常痛苦，要么只能等待它自行飘散。在太空中，宇航员也不能正常饮食。对他们来说，地心引力才是最棒的。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在太空中，他们可以做一些非常神奇的事情，比如在失重状态下漂浮。A. leaping跳跃；B. floating漂浮；C. eating吃；D. talking谈话。根据上文“some pretty amazing things”及下文中“in zero gravity”可知，在太空可以在失重状态下漂浮，这是很神奇的。故选B。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有地心引力，也有很多宇航员不能做的事情，这是非常可悲的。A. gravity地球引力；B. doubt怀疑；C. aid援助；D. effort努力。根据上文“like　　1　　 in zero gravity.”和however可知，此处指没有地心引力。故选A。 48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有地心引力，也有很多宇航员不能做的事情，这是非常可悲的。A. risky危险的；B. lifelike逼真的；C. sad悲伤的；D. unfortunate不幸的。根据上文“However, without　　2　　, there are also plenty of things astronauts can’t do,”可知, 在没有地心引力的情况下，宇航员不能做很多事情，这是令人很伤感的。sad“让人难过的”， 符合语境。下文中的sadness也是信息提示。故选C。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，他们甚至不能表现出他们的悲伤——因为在失重状态下是不可能哭的。A. foresee预见；B. view观察；C. pray祈祷；D. cry哭泣。根据上文“let their sadness show”和下文中的关键词tears及crying可知，此处指他们不能哭泣。故选D。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于失重的环境，眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流。A. dangerous危险的；B. extreme极端的；C. stable稳定的；D. weightless失重的。根据上文“in zero gravity.”及常识可知，在太空中没有重力。weightless“失重的”，符合语境。故选D。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去——它们只能停留在眼眶里。A. expects预期；B. means意味着；C. demands需求；D. shows展示。根据上文“tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes.”可知，太空中眼泪不会从眼睛里往下流，这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去。故选B。 52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着当你在太空中哭泣时，你的眼泪无处可去——它们只能停留在眼眶里。A. meet遇见；B. develop发展；C. stay停留；D. leave离开。根据上文“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，此处表示眼泪只会停留在眼眶里。故选C。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2011年5月，宇航员Andrew J. Feustel在一次太空行走中经历了这一过程。A. witnessed目击；B. acknowledged承认；C. experienced经历；D. suffered遭受。根据下文“My right eye is 12 like crazy”可知 2011年5月，宇航员Andrew J. Feustel在太空中就经历过这样痛苦的事。experience“经历”，符合语境。故选C。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了使你的视觉模糊，这也会导致身体疼痛。A. mind思维；B. vision视力；C. sense感觉；D. idea想法。根据上文“tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes”和“your tears have nowhere to go”可知，在太空流泪时，眼泪会停留在眼眶中。由此可知，当眼中含泪时，视觉会模糊。故选B。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在地球上，眼泪应该给眼睛带来舒适。A. peace和平；B. disaster灾难；C. stress压力；D. comfort舒适。根据上文“this can also cause physical pain”及下文“But that’s not the case in space.”可知，此处表示两种情况的对比。结合常识可知，在地球上，流泪会让眼睛感觉舒适。故选D。 56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Feustel选择在头盔上擦眼睛来擦去眼泪。A. chose选择；B. decided决定；C. stopped停止；D. hesitated犹豫。根据下文中“Another choice is to just wait”中的choice可知，此处表示选择在头盔上擦眼睛来擦去眼泪。故选A。 57．考查副词词义辨析。句意： “当眼泪大到一定程度时，它们只是挣脱了眼睛，四处漂浮，”宇航员Ron Parise说。A. fluently流利地；B. exactly恰好地；C. efficiently有效地；D. simply仅仅。根据空后“break free of the eye and float around”可知，此处应用simply，表示强调, 意为“仅仅, 只不过”。故选D。 58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 在太空中，宇航员不能正常饮食。A. regular定期的；B. normal正常的；C. particular特别的；D. rational合理的。根据下文“Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can’t even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food　　14　　 in their stomach.”可知，此处指在太空中，宇航员不能以正常的方式吃或喝。normal“正常的”。故选B。 59．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至不能打嗝，因为没有重力把食物压在胃里。A. out从……里面出去；B. off离开；C. down往下；D. up向（较高位置）。根据上文“tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes.”可知，与流眼泪相似，吃食物时太空中也没有重力把食物压在胃里。结合语境可知，此处应用down。故选C。 60．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果他们打嗝，他们只会把肚子里的东西都吐出来。A. give up放弃；B. end up(以……)结束；C. put off推迟；D. feel like想。根据上文“They can’t even burp (打嗝)”及下文“throwing up everything in their stomach.”可知，此处表示打嗝造成的结果，end up doing sth.“以……而告终”，符合语境。故选B。 （21-22高二上·湖北宜昌·期中）When NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley took off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Saturday, they marked the first successful rocket launch（发射） off American soil in nine years. However, it was also a first in their close 61 which has developed over their 20-year work at NASA． “Being lucky enough to 62 with your best friend is some astronauts’ wish and we’re lucky enough,” explained 53-year-old Hurley. The two astronauts had 63 the mission（使命）, which saw them 64 land on the International Space Station, over a two-year period. While they were friends before, in this time they could really see each other’s weaknesses and 65 . And they’re 66 that the experience made them even 67 together. So when they climbed into their space suits and the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft, the two men were 68 not only in their technical skills, but in 69 that they’d have each other’s backs. Their close relationship has developed partly from shared 70 experiences. They both 71 women who played roles in space missions. And the 72 of fatherhood is very important for both men: Behnken has a six-year-old son, Theodore, and Hurley has a 10-year-old son, Jack. With the two astronauts living their 73 of heading into space as best friends, the mission will hopefully end with the two of them landing safely into the cool waters of the Atlantic. After they 74 their work, they can share the 75 with their families together once they’re back on Earth. 61．A．idea B．birth C．fight D．friendship 62．A．survive B．argue C．fly D．teach 63．A．thought of B．prepared for C．cut down D．made up 64．A．successfully B．frequently C．violently D．casually 65．A．changes B．memories C．strengths D．appearances 66．A．terrified B．guilty C．anxious D．grateful 67．A．faster B．closer C．taller D．smarter 68．A．comfortable B．worried C．sad D．puzzled 69．A．pretending B．wishing C．forgetting D．knowing 70．A．learning B．travel C．family D．work 71．A．saved B．married C．forgave D．admired 72．A．question B．harm C．record D．role 73．A．secret B．hobby C．habit D．dream 74．A．finish B．combine C．plan D．seek 75．A．expression B．experience C．scene D．manner 【答案】 61．D 62．C 63．B 64．A 65．C 66．D 67．B 68．A 69．D 70．C 71．B 72．D 73．D 74．A 75．B 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)宇航员鲍勃·本肯和道格·赫尔利上周六从佛罗里达州的肯尼迪航天中心发射升空，这标志着9年来美国本土首次成功发射火箭。然而，这也是他们二人在NASA 20年工作中发展起来的亲密友谊中的第一次。 61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这也是他们在NASA 20年工作中发展起来的亲密友谊中的第一次。A. idea思想，想法，主意；B. birth出生；C. fight战斗；D. friendship友谊。后面定语从句提到他们在20年共事过程中培养起来的，应该是友谊；由第五空前“While they were friends before,...，”第10空前的“Their close relationship...”及13空后的“as best friends”可知，他们是朋友，friendship符合语境。故选D项。 62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：能有幸和最好的朋友一起飞行是一些宇航员的愿望，我们也很幸运。A. survive幸存，生存；B. argue争论，主张；C. fly飞行；D. teach教。他们是宇航员，共同进入太空，应该是一起飞行，遨游太空。故选C项。 63．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这两名宇航员为这次任务做了两年多的准备，他们成功地降落在国际空间站上。A. thought of想到；想起；B. prepared for为…...准备； C. cut down删减，降低，砍伐；D. made up组成，弥补，编造。下一句表示他们在太空站着陆，而该空使用了过去完成时，结合后面的时间状语“over a two-year period”可知，他们是在登陆国际空间站之前进行了两年的准备工作。故选B项。 64．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这两名宇航员为这次任务做了两年多的准备，他们成功地降落在国际空间站上。A. successfully成功地；B. frequently频繁地；C. violently剧烈地，粗暴地；D. casually随意地。文章第一段“they marked the first successful rocket launch（发射） off American soil in nine years.”可知，他们此次登陆国际空间站是成功的。故选A项。 65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们以前就是朋友，但这次他们可以真正看到彼此的弱点和长处。A. changes改变；B. memories回忆；C. strengths强项，长处；D. appearances外表。每个人都有自己的弱点与长处，此处应填strengths与weaknesses对应并列。故选C项。 66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很感激这次经历让他们更加亲密。A. terrified害怕的；B. guilty愧疚的；罪恶感的；C. anxious渴望的，焦急的；D. grateful感恩的。上文第二段“‘Being lucky enough to ____ with your best friend is some astronauts’ wish and we’re lucky enough,’ explained 53-year-old Hurley.”两次用到lucky，可知，他们对此次能一起进入太空站工作，感到感恩。故选D项。 67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很感激这次经历让他们更加亲密。A. faster更快的；B. closer更近的，更亲近的；C. taller更高的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据“While they were friends before,...”可知，他们以前就是朋友，他们认为这次一起登陆国际空间站，使他们的关系更进一步，更亲近，并与后面第10空前的“Their close relationship...”呼应。故选B项。 68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当他们穿上宇航服登上SpaceX的“龙”号载人飞船时，两人不仅对他们的技术技能感到满意，而且知道他们会相互支持。A. comfortable舒适的；B. worried担心的，着急的；C. sad伤心的；D. puzzled困惑的。他们在此次执行任务过程中，彼此支持，使用了not only ...but also表示该空与后面的彼此支持是并列的关系，应该是正面积极的形容词，对技术方面应该是很满意，没什么可担心焦虑的。B.C.D.项内容都不符合语境。故选A项。 69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以当他们穿上宇航服登上SpaceX的“龙”号载人飞船时，两人不仅对他们的技术技能感到满意，而且知道他们会相互支持。A. pretending假装；B. wishing希望，祝愿；C. forgetting忘记；D. knowing知道。他们是朋友，同事，彼此信任，知道自己拥有对方的支持。故选D项。 70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的亲密关系部分源于共同的家庭经历。A. learning学习；B. travel旅行；C. family家庭，家人；D. work工作。根据后面说他们二人的妻子都是在执行太空任务中起到作用的女性，应该都是同事；都有一个小儿子，由此可知，他们二人的家庭情况也是相似的，空前的shared意为“相同的”。故选C项。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们都娶了在太空任务中扮演角色的女性。A. saved挽救；节约；B. married结婚，娶；C. forgave宽恕，原谅；D. admired羡慕；欣赏。本段讲述他们的家庭情况，谈到了儿子，所指的women应该是指他们的妻子，用marry符合语境。故选B项。 72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父亲的角色对两个男人来说都很重要：Behnken有一个6岁的儿子，Theodore Hurley有一个10岁的儿子Jack。A. question问题；B. harm危害；C. record记录；D. role角色，作用。他们二人都有一个小儿子，他们二人担负着父亲的角色。故选D项。 73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两名宇航员以最好的朋友的身份实现了进入太空的梦想，这次任务有希望以他们两人安全着陆在大西洋凉爽的海水中结束。A. secret秘密；B. hobby爱好；C. habit习惯；D. dream梦，梦想。根据“of heading into space”可知，进入太空应该是他们的梦想，理想。故选D项。 74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们完成他们的工作后，一旦他们回到地球上，他们可以与他们的家人一起分享经验。A. finish完成； B. combine结合；C. plan计划；D. seek寻求，寻找，追求。现在他们在太空站执行任务，后面主句表示他们回到地球可以和家人们分享他们的此次经历，那要他们完成他们的此次工作任务，才能返回地球。故选A项。 75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们完成他们的工作后，一旦他们回到地球上，他们可以与他们的家人一起分享经验。A. expression表达，表情；短语；B. experience经历；经验；C. scene场景，场面，幕；D. manner方式，态度。他们一旦回到地球就可以和家人分享的是这次经历，即指此次太空之旅。故选B项。 （23-24高二上·全国·期末）Recently, an article written by China’s first 76 , Yang Liwei, describing his one day in space, aroused numerous discussions on social media platforms, with many marveling at the country’s 77 advancement in space technology. Entitled “One Day in Space”, Yang’s article was recently included in the seventh-grade textbook in Chinese middle schools, and it was 78 on Sina Weibo on Saturday, drawing tens of thousands of views within the first few hours. Many Weibo users were astonished at Yang’s 79 . “As the first person to go into space and live through so many unknowns, he must have a great will,” said one netizen. Yang was 38 when he became the first Chinese person to go into space on the Shenzhou V, on October 15, 2003, making China the third country—after the US and Russia—to 80 manned space capabilities. In his article, Yang 81 several breathtaking moments when he thought he would not make it back alive. “ 82 the rocket lifted to a height about 30-40 kilometers above the ground, I felt it begin to vibrate violently, and it was extremely 83 ,” he said. Vibrations in the spacecraft below 10 Hz can damage the internal organs, and even threaten a person’s life, Yang explained. The near-deadly moment lasted for 26 seconds. When it was finally over, Yang felt like he had been reborn. When ground control finally saw Yang blink his eyes through the surveillance camera, his colleagues 84 crying, “He’s blinking! Yang is alive!” In the article, Yang also described “ 85 knocking sounds” from outside the craft. He still does not know where they came from. He also described what the Earth, his country, and his city looked like 86 space.” I flew over Beijing and saw the mountains in daytime and sparkling lights at night. And there live my comrades and my loved ones.” Yang shared another interesting experience in the 87 . After several 88 from his cabin, he could not see the Great Wall, which many believed was the only man-made structure on the Earth that could be seen from space. “The Shenzhou VI and VII astronauts couldn’t see it either,” Yang wrote. Eighteen years after his 89 trip to space, Yang said with a smile that he “envied” a lot that his fellow spacemen who now have such 90 space accommodations, which shows how China’s space programme has grown. 76．A．engineer B．astronaut C．doctor D．designer 77．A．significant B．usual C．small D．good 78．A．given B．found C．posted D．obtained 79．A．policy B．plan C．courage D．appearance 80．A．learn B．master C．run D．teach 81．A．said B．knew C．recalled D．doubted 82．A．Because B．If C．Although D．When 83．A．painful B．exciting C．disappointing D．pitiful 84．A．let off B．sent off C．burst out D．broke out 85．A．interesting B．mysterious C．attractive D．fantastic 86．A．on B．at C．outside D．from 87．A．video B．article C．paper D．photo 88．A．attempts B．climbs C．experiments D．falls 89．A．first B．recent C．next D．another 90．A．different B．satisfied C．important D．comfortable 【答案】 76．B 77．A 78．C 79．C 80．B 81．C 82．D 83．A 84．C 85．B 86．D 87．B 88．A 89．A 90．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是最近，中国首位宇航员杨利伟写的一篇描述他在太空中的一天的文章在社交媒体平台上引起了大量讨论，许多人对中国在太空技术方面的重大进步感到惊叹。 76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近，中国首位宇航员杨利伟写的一篇描述他在太空中的一天的文章在社交媒体平台上引起了大量讨论，许多人对中国在太空技术方面的重大进步感到惊叹。A. engineer工程师；B. astronaut宇航员；C. doctor医生；D. designer设计师。根据客观事实可知，Yang Liwei是一个宇航员。故选B。 77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近，中国首位宇航员杨利伟写的一篇描述他在太空中的一天的文章在社交媒体平台上引起了大量讨论，许多人对中国在太空技术方面的重大进步感到惊叹。A. significant意义重大的；B. usual通常的，惯常的；C. small小的；D. good好的。根据下文“advancement in space technology”和客观事实可知，中国在太空技术方面取得了重大的进步，因此空格处是“意义重大的”。故选A。 78．考查动词词义辨析。句意：杨的这篇题为《太空中的一天》的文章最近被列入了中国中学七年级的教科书，并于周六发布在新浪微博上，在最初的几个小时内吸引了数万人的阅读。A. given给；B. found发现；C. posted发帖子；D. obtained得到。根据下文“on Sina Weibo”可知，新浪微博是一个网站，因此此处是说把这个文章发在新浪微博，空格处意为“发帖子”。故选C。 79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多微博用户对杨的勇气感到惊讶。A. policy政策；B. plan计划；C. courage勇气；D. appearance外表。根据下文“the first person to go into space and live through so many unknowns”可知，杨利伟是第一个进入太空的人，要经历很多未知的事情，所以他肯定是要有勇气的。故选C。 80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2003年10月15日，38岁的杨成为第一个乘坐神舟五号进入太空的中国人，使中国成为继美国和俄罗斯之后第三个掌握载人航天能力的国家。A. learn学习；B. master掌握；C. run跑；D. teach教。根据下文“manned space capabilities”和客观事实可知，中国成为继美国和俄罗斯之后第三个掌握载人航天能力的国家，空格处意为“掌握”。故选B。 81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他的文章中，杨回忆了几个激动人心的时刻，当时他以为自己无法活着回来了。A. said说；B. knew知道；C. recalled回忆；D. doubted怀疑。根据第一段的“describing his one day in space”可知，杨利伟在文章中描述他在太空中的一天，肯定是边回忆边写这篇文章。故选C。 82．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说：“当火箭上升到离地面大约30-40公里的高度时，我感到它开始剧烈震动，非常痛苦。”A. Because因为；B. If如果；C. Although虽然；D. When当……的时候。根据下文“the rocket lifted to a height about 30-40 kilometers above the ground, I felt it begin to vibrate violently”可知，当火箭上升到离地面大约30-40公里的高度时，杨利伟感到它开始剧烈震动，空格处用when引导时间状语从句。故选D。 83．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“当火箭上升到离地面大约30-40公里的高度时，我感到它开始剧烈震动，非常痛苦。”A. painful痛苦的；B. exciting令人激动的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. pitiful可怜的。根据上文“vibrate violently”可知，剧烈的震动肯定会让人很痛苦。故选A。 84．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当地面控制中心终于通过监控摄像头看到杨眨眼睛时，他的同事们突然哭了起来，“他在眨眼睛!杨还活着！”A. let off放掉，释放；B. sent off寄出；C. burst out突然（哭、笑、叫）起来；D. broke out爆发。根据下文“He’s blinking! Yang is alive!”可知，在确认杨还活着时，同事们应该是激动地哭了。故选C。 85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在文章中，杨还描述了从飞船外部传来的“神秘的敲击声”。A. interesting有趣的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. fantastic极好的，非常棒的。根据下文“He still does not know where they came from”可知，他不知道它们是从哪里来的，所以那些敲击声很神秘。故选B。 86．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他还描述了从太空中看到的地球、他的国家和他的城市。A. on在……上；B. at在……岁时；C. outside在……的外面；D. from从……。根据上文“what the Earth, his country, and his city looked like”和下文“space”可知，杨利伟是从太空看自己的国家和城市。故选D。 87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：杨在文章中分享了另一个有趣的经历。A. video视频；B. article文章；C. paper纸；D. photo照片。根据第一段的“an article written by China’s first ___1___ , Yang Liwei”可知，杨利伟写的这篇文章，在这篇文章中他还分享了另一个有趣的经历。故选B。 88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他的舱里尝试了几次之后，他还是没能看到长城，这是许多人认为地球上唯一可以从太空看到的人造建筑。A. attempts尝试；B. climbs攀登，爬升；C. experiments实验；D. falls落下，跌倒。根据下文“from his cabin”可知，他在舱里尝试了几次以后他还是没看到长城。故选A。 89．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他第一次太空旅行18年后，杨笑着说，他非常“羡慕”他的宇航员同伴们现在有这么舒适的太空住宿，这表明中国的太空计划是如何发展的。A. first第一的；B. recent最近的；C. next下一个的；D. another另一的。根据上文“he became the first Chinese person to go into space”可知，杨是第一个进入太空的宇航员，对他自己而言，当然也是第一次，此处表示“在他第一次太空旅行18年后”。故选A。 90．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他第一次太空旅行18年后，杨笑着说，他非常“羡慕”他的宇航员同伴们现在有这么舒适的太空住宿，这表明中国的太空计划是如何发展的。A. different不同的；B. satisfied满意的；C. important重要的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据上文“Eighteen years after his ___14___ trip to space”和下文“China’s space programme has grown”可知，18年过去了，中国的太空计划发展了，所以现在的宇航员有舒服的太空住宿。故选D。 （2024·广东·一模）Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and efforts be spent exploring and 91 something with so few apparent benefits? Why should many resources be spent on space 92 than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer 93 in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human beings. What 94 our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all 95 areas and environments? The wider the 96 of a species, the better its chance of 97 . Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand 98 possible. Nearly every successful civilization has 99 , because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be 100 destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can 101 its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources 102 . Even if we have no 103 need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been 104 through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can 105 the length or quality of our lives. 91．A．hunting B．researching C．sending D．waiting 92．A．rather B．more C．less D．other 93．A．goes B．hides C．falls D．lies 94．A．made B．led C．drove D．showed 95．A．possible B．horrible C．changeable D．reasonable 96．A．exchange B．existence C．appearance D．spread 97．A．removal B．survival C．arrival D．refusal 98．A．however B．whenever C．wherever D．whoever 99．A．explored B．removed C．changed D．survived 100．A．surely B．really C．hardly D．completely 101．A．deepen B．lessen C．lengthen D．strengthen 102．A．found B．wasted C．sent D．used 103．A．quick B．full C．much D．immediate 104．A．charged B．collected C．acquired D．connected 105．A．enlarge B．improve C．exchange D．include 【答案】 91．B 92．A 93．D 94．C 95．A 96．D 97．B 98．C 99．A 100．D 101．B 102．A 103．D 104．C 105．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人类探索太空的原因，探索太空源于人类基因中的探索本能，有助于识别风险、获取资源与知识，长远看有益生存和发展。 91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么要花金钱、时间和精力去探索和研究那些明显没有什么好处的东西？A. hunting打猎，搜索；B. researching研究，调查；C. sending邮寄，发送；D. waiting等待。根据空前的“money, time and efforts be spent exploring and”和空后的“something with so few apparent benefits”可知，这里指花费金钱、时间和精力去探索和研究太空。故选B。 92．考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么许多资源应该花在太空上，而不是地球上的环境和人口上？A. rather相当；B. more更多；C. less更少；D. other另外。根据空前的“space”和空后的“than on conditions and people on Earth”可知，这里指许多资源被投入到了太空上，而不是地球的环境和人口上。rather than意为“而不是”；more than意为“比……多”；less than意为“比……少”；other than意为“除……以外”。故选A。 93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许最好的答案在于我们作为人类的基因构成。A. goes去；B. hides隐藏；C. falls落下；D. lies躺，存在，在于。根据空前的“the best answer”和空后的“in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human beings”可知，这里表示最好的答案在于我们作为人类的基因构成，lie in意为“在于”。故选D。 94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：是什么促使我们的祖先从树上迁移到平原，并进入所有可能的地区和环境？A. made制造；B. led导致；C. drove驱动，驱使；D. showed表现。根据下文中的“this genetic tendency”可知，这里是在询问驱使人类从在树上生活到进入其他地方生活的动力，并且下文指出这在于人类基因的倾向。故选C。 95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. possible可能的，可能存在的；B. horrible可怕的；C. changeable易变的；D. reasonable合理的。根据空后的“areas and environments”可知，这里指可能适宜居住的地方和环境。故选A。 96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个物种的传播范围越广，它的生存机会就越大。A. exchange交换；B. existence存在；C. appearance出现；D. spread传播，广泛，多样。根据句中的“The wider”和上文中的“our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all 　　5　　areas and environments”可知，这里指一个物种扩散范围的广泛性。故选D。 97．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. removal移动，消除；B. survival生存，幸存；C. arrival到达；D. refusal拒绝。根据“the better its chance of”可知，这里指物种扩散越广，其生存机会就越大。故选B。 98．考查连词词义辨析。句意：也许探索太空的最佳原因是这种在任何可能的地方扩散的遗传倾向。A. however不管多么；B. whenever无论何时；C. wherever无论在哪里，在所有……的情况下；D. whoever无论谁。根据上文中的“What　　4　　our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all 　　5　　areas and environments? The wider the 　　6　　of a species, the better its chance of 　　7　　.”可知，人类的生存地从树上延展到了其他可能的地方和环境，并且物种扩散范围越广，其生存机会就越大，由此可知，这里指的是在任何有可能的地方扩散。故选C。 99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几乎每一个成功的文明都进行了探索，因为通过这样做，可以识别周围地区的任何危险并做好准备。A. explored探索；B. removed移开，去掉；C. changed改变；D. survived幸存。根据上下文多次提到的“explore space”“exploration”等可知，本文讨论的是人类空间探索的原因，所以这里讲述的是几乎每个成功的文明都有过探索行为。故选A。 100．考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有知识，我们可能会被危险彻底摧毁。A. surely无疑，必定；B. really真正地；C. hardly几乎不；D. completely彻底地，完全地。根据空后的“destroyed by the danger”可知，这里指人类可能会被危险彻底毁灭。故选D。 101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了知识，我们可以减轻它的影响。A. deepen加强；B. lessen减弱，减轻；C. lengthen（使）变长；D. strengthen巩固。本句与上句“Without knowledge, we may be 　　10　　destroyed by the danger.”形成对比，没有知识时，人类可能会被危险彻底摧毁，而有知识时，人类可以减轻危险的影响。故选B。 102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：探索还可以发现矿产和其他潜在资源。A. found发现；B. wasted浪费；C. sent邮寄，发送；D. used使用。根据下文中的“they will perhaps be useful later”并结合常识可知，探索有助于发现潜在的资源。故选A。 103．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使我们没有立即需要它们，它们也许以后会有用。A. quick迅速的；B. full充满的；C. much许多；D. immediate立即的，目前的。根据句中的“they will perhaps be useful later”可知，即便人类不是立即需要这些资源，但它们在以后也许会有用。故选D。 104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过探索获得了知识或技术。A. charged收费，控告；B. collected收集；C. acquired获得；D. connected（使）连接。根据上文中的“Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources 　　12　　.”和“Resources may be more than physical possessions.”可知，探索有助于发现潜在的资源，这些资源不仅仅是物质资源，还可以通过探索获得知识和技术。故选C。 105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些技术可能具有医疗应用，可以延长我们的寿命或提高我们的生活质量。A. enlarge扩大；B. improve提高，改善；C. exchange交换；D. include包括。根据空后的“the length or quality of our lives”可知，技术在医疗方面的应用有助于延长人类的寿命或提高人类的生活质量。故选B。 （2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 106 , Diana Trujill has made it — she is a(n) 107 now, leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 108 , she followed her dad’s 109 . Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 110 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 111 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained. Then came another 112 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 113 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 114 Trujillo’s career goals. So she 115 her studies in space science and 116 became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America’s space agency. But Diana hasn’t 117 there. She also leads by example, 118 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 119 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 120 the stars. 106．A．Therefore B．Instead C．However D．Moreover 107．A．astronaut B．engineer C．pilot D．doctor 108．A．hesitation B．complaint C．expectation D．promise 109．A．command B．footstep C．request D．suggestion 110．A．go B．pass C．struggle D．push 111．A．mission B．career C．adventure D．process 112．A．risk-taking B．life-changing C．time-consuming D．energy-saving 113．A．Realizing B．Remembering C．Imagining D．Assuming 114．A．record B．share C．inspire D．finish 115．A．started B．abandoned C．suspended D．continued 116．A．immediately B．eventually C．gradually D．suddenly 117．A．left B．succeeded C．stopped D．reached 118．A．encouraging B．promising C．allowing D．persuading 119．A．symbol B．notice C．warning D．reminder 120．A．stare at B．reach for C．long for D．come after 【答案】 106．C 107．B 108．A 109．D 110．C 111．D 112．B 113．A 114．C 115．D 116．B 117．C 118．A 119．D 120．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujill克服重重困难，成为了美国宇航局的一名工程师，领导着团队负责火星探测器的机械臂的故事。 106．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Diana Trujill做到了——她现在是一名工程师，领导着一个45人的团队，负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead相反；C. However然而；D. Moreover此外。根据上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujill has made it”可知，对于Diana Trujill这样身份的女性来说，在美国宇航局从事科学事业是不可及的事情，但她却做到了，上下文构成转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。 107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，Diana Trujill做到了——她现在是一名工程师，领导着一个45人的团队，负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。A. astronaut宇航员；B. engineer工程师；C. pilot飞行员；D. doctor医生。根据下文“leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，Diana Trujill领导着团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂，而且学的是航空航天工程，因此她应该是一名工程师。故选B。 108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地听从了父亲的建议。A. hesitation犹豫；B. complaint抱怨；C. expectation期望；D. promise承诺。根据上文“Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science.”可知，还是个小女孩的时候，Diana就对科学充满了热情，因此她会毫不犹豫地接受父亲提出的想法，固定短语without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。故选A。 109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地听从了父亲的建议。A. command命令；B. footstep脚步；C. request请求；D. suggestion建议。根据上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，此处指父亲提出的送她去学习航空航天工程的建议。故选D。 110．考查动词词义辨析。句意：刚到美国时身上只有300美元，Trujill不得不通过做一系列家政工作来艰难地完成学业。A. go去；B. pass通过；C. struggle挣扎；D. push推动。根据上文“with just $300”和“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知，Trujill当时经济比较困难，得做很多家政工作来赚钱，由此可知，她是艰难地完成了学业，固定短语struggle through意为“艰难地度过”。故选C。 111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个过程绝对不容易，但Trujill从不抱怨。A. mission任务；B. career职业；C. adventure冒险；D. process过程。根据上文“Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to ___5___ through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知，此处指Trujill通过打工赚钱来完成学业的过程。故选D。 112．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接着，Trujill又经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。A. risk-taking冒险的；B. life-changing改变人生的；C. time-consuming耗时的；D. energy-saving节能的。根据下文“___8___ she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to ___9___ Trujillo’s career goals.”可知，Trujill由此更坚定地追求自己的职业目标，因此是经历了另一个改变人生的时刻。故选B。 113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到自己“离认识宇航员只有一个人的距离”，这激励了Trujill的职业目标。A. Realizing意识到；B. Remembering记住；C. Imagining想象；D. Assuming假定。根据上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut””可推知，教授不经意提到的事情让她意识到了自己离认识宇航员其实很近。故选A。 114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：意识到自己“离认识宇航员只有一个人的距离”，这激励了Trujill的职业目标。A. record记录；B. share分享；C. inspire激励；D. finish完成。根据上文“she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut””可知，自己离认识宇航员其实很近这样的想法会激励Trujill的职业目标，让她继续努力学习。故选C。 115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，她继续学习空间科学，并最终在2007年成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙裔女性。A. started开始；B. abandoned放弃；C. suspended暂停；D. continued继续。根据上文“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知，Trujill一开始学的就是空间科学相关的专业，后来她真的被美国宇航局学院录取了，因此她是继续学习这个专业。故选D。 116．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，她继续学习空间科学，并最终在2007年成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙裔女性。A. immediately立即地；B. eventually最终地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. suddenly突然地。根据上文叙述的Trujill克服经济困难，努力完成学业，以及在教授不经意提到的事情的启发下，继续学习可推知，此处指这个过程的结局是她最终成为第一位被美国宇航局学院录取的西班牙裔女性。故选B。 117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Diana并没有就此止步。A. left离开；B. succeeded成功；C. stopped停止；D. reached到达。根据下文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana还做了其他的事情，因此是并没有就此停止。故选C。 118．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还以身作则，鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。A. encouraging鼓励；B. promising承诺；C. allowing允许；D. persuading劝说。根据上文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana在以身作则，因此是通过自己的故事来鼓励女性在STEM领域从事工作。故选A。 119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她自己的故事提醒我们，在这个障碍之外，整个宇宙的机会都在等待着任何愿意努力工作去摘星星的人。A. symbol象征；B. notice通知；C. warning警告；D. reminder提醒。根据上文叙述的在哥伦比亚长大的Diana Trujill克服重重困难，成为了美国宇航局的一名工程师可推知，她的故事给予我们的是正面的提醒，告诉我们努力可以助力实现梦想。故选D。 120．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她自己的故事提醒我们，在这个障碍之外，整个宇宙的机会都在等待着任何愿意努力工作去摘星星的人。A. stare at盯着；B. reach for伸手够；C. long for渴望；D. come after跟随。根据上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知，此处是用Trujill追寻太空梦的故事激励追寻梦想的人，想要伸手去够星星的人，只要努力工作，就有大量的机会实现梦想。故选B。 （22-23高二上·江西南昌·阶段练习）Wang Yaping, 41, became China’s first female astronaut to conduct a spacewalk on November. 2021. Wang’s dream of becoming an astronaut was 121 by Yang Liwei’s 2003 space flight, which was China’s first manned space mission. “Now China has its first man in space, when will our country have its first 122 .” thought Wang, who was then working as a fighter pilot in China’s air force. After years of 123 training and excellent performance in various 124 , in May 2010, Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts. The joy of being 125 did not last long as the cruel nature of the training quickly 126 . In the first year, Wang could not get the top level in the high-G training, which simulates (模拟) the environment when the spacecraft 127 , enters orbit and returns. Because of the overwhelming force of gravity, blood can’t flow to the brain 128 , causing a temporary 129 of oxygen and even blindness. Astronauts must 130 the spacecraft while enduring (忍受) these conditions. Wang improved her performance by doing 131 core-strength exercises every day and finally managed to reach the top level. Wang realized her space dream as part of the Shenzhou-10 mission. She was confident that the crew could fulfill this challenging mission. Meanwhile, to prepare for their 132 , Wang and her five-year-old daughter promised to focus on their respective (各自的) 133 . “I promised to 134 the stars for her. She wants to share them with her classmates,” Wang 135 . 121．A．influenced B．requested C．inspired D．reported 122．A．aircraft B．woman C．planet D．experiment 123．A．boring B．tough C．online D．proper 124．A．missions B．countries C．methods D．sections 125．A．loved B．respected C．titled D．selected 126．A．burst into B．show up C．set out D．brought in 127．A．takes off B．puts on C．jumps over D．rises up 128．A．firmly B．properly C．frequently D．gently 129．A．lack B．supply C．form D．release 130．A．ignore B．land C．board D．operate 131．A．mental B．basic C．additional D．similar 132．A．selection B．competition C．separation D．celebration 133．A．platform B．cause C．performance D．tasks 134．A．collect B．draw C．buy D．circle 135．A．sighed B．laughed C．yelled D．regretted 【答案】 121．C 122．B 123．B 124．A 125．D 126．B 127．A 128．B 129．A 130．D 131．C 132．C 133．D 134．A 135．B 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了第一位在中国空间站工作的中国女宇航员王亚平的艰苦训练过程及一些相关情况。 121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：王成为宇航员的梦想受到了杨利伟2003年太空飞行的启发，那是中国的第一次载人航天任务。A. influenced影响；B. requested要求；C. inspired激励，鼓舞，启发；D. reported报告，报道。根据语境和后文“by Yang Liwei’s 2003 space flight”可知，王亚平的宇航员梦想是受到了杨利伟的启发。故选C项。 122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：王当时在中国空军担任战斗机飞行员，她想：“现在中国有了第一位进入太空的男性，我们国家什么时候会有第一位女性。”A. aircraft飞机，航空器；B. woman女性；C. planet地球；D. experiment实验。根据前文“Wang Yaping, 41, became China’s first female astronaut to conduct a spacewalk on November. 2021.”以及后文“Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts”可知，王亚平在思考中国什么时候会有第一位女性进入太空。故选B项。 123．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的艰苦训练和在各种任务中的出色表现，2010年5月，王成为中国首批女航天员中的一员。A. boring无聊的；B. tough    艰苦的，艰难的；C. online在线的，网上的；D. proper适当的。根据常识和后文“the cruel nature of the training”可知，成为一名航天员前的训练是艰苦的。故选B项。 124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. missions任务，使命；B. countries国家；C. methods方法；D. sections部分。根据常识和后文“Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts”可知，成为一名航天员前，需要参加各种任务。故选A项。 125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被选中的喜悦没有持续多久，训练的残酷本质很快就显露出来了。A. loved爱，喜欢；B. respected尊敬；C. titled赋予头衔；D. selected选择，挑选。根据前文“Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts”可知，王被选中成为一名宇航员。故选D项。 126．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：同上。A. burst into突然……起来；B. show up出现，露面，显现C. set out开始，着手，动身，出发；D. brought in带来。根据后文“The joy of being ____5____ did not last long”可知，宇航员的残酷训练就显现出来了。故选B项。 127．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第一年，她在模拟航天器起飞、进入轨道和返回时环境的高重力训练中未能达到最高水平。A. takes off起飞；B. puts on穿上，上演；C. jumps over跳跃；D. rises up上升。根据常识和后文“enters orbit and returns”可知，航天器先起飞，再进入轨道。故选A项。 128．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于巨大的重力，血液无法正常流入大脑，导致暂时性缺氧甚至失明。A. firmly牢固地； B. properly正确地，恰当地；C. frequently频繁地D. gently温柔地。根据后文“causing a temporary ____9____ of oxygen and even blindness”可知，血液无法正常（适当）流入大脑，才会导致失明。故选B项。 129．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. lack缺乏，缺少；B. supply供应，供给；C. form形态，形式；D. release释放。根据常识和前文“blood can’t flow to the brain ____8____”可知，血液无法正常流入大脑会造成暂时缺氧。故选A项。 130．考查动词词义辨析。句意：宇航员必须在忍受这些状况的同时操作航天器。A. ignore    忽视；B. land着陆；C. board登上（火车、轮船或飞机）；D. operate操作。根据常识和后文“the spacecraft”可知，宇航员必须同时操作航天器。故选D项。 131．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王通过每天做额外的核心力量练习来提高她的表现，最终达到了顶级水平。A. mental精神的；B. basic基本的；C. additional额外的；D. similar类似的，相似的。根据前文分析和后文“and finally managed to reach the top level”可知，王需要额外的训练才达到了顶级水平。故选C项。 132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，为了准备她们的分离，王和她五岁的女儿承诺要专注于各自的任务。A. selection    选择；B. competition竞争；C. separation    分离；D. celebration庆祝。根据常识和前文“Wang and her five-year-old daughter promised to focus on their respective (各自的) ____13____”可知，王要去完成太空任务，所以她和女儿会暂时分离。故选C项。 133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. platform平台，舞台；B. cause原因，事业；C. performance表现；D. tasks任务。根据常识、语境和前文“focus on”和后文“I promised to ____14____ the stars for her. She wants to share them with her classmates”可知，王与她女儿约定分离后，专注各自的任务。故选D项。 134．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应为她收集星星。A. collect收集；B. draw画；C. buy买；D. circle盘旋，转圈。根据语境和后文“She wants to share them with her classmates”可知，王答应在天上给她女儿收集星星。故选A项。 135．考查动词词义辨析。句意：王笑着说：“我答应帮她收集星星。她想和同学们分享。”A. sighed叹气；B. laughed    笑；C. yelled大喊；D. regretted遗憾，懊悔。根据前文“I promised to ____14____ the stars for her. She wants to share them with her classmates,”可知，王是在开玩笑。故选B项。 （23-24高二下·江苏镇江·期末）When light snow began falling, the principal kept a careful eye on the approaching storm. It soon took on qualities of something more terrible. By midday he called the school buses back so the kids could get home safely 136 it was too late. My students gathered their belongings, and felt 137 to be going home early. Then the buses arrived. 138 , the storm suddenly became heavier and it was quickly clear that nobody was going anywhere any time soon. The original plan 139 . Over 300 children got 140 inside the school. As night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping, we began to feel 141 . What would we feed several hundred children for dinner? Where would they sleep? After every parent was 142 that their children were safe, people who lived close enough to 143 the bad weather were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people 144 to travel through the blinding snow, bringing bags of food and blankets. There wasn’t much food, but everything was shared, nobody got hungry and nobody 145 . When night fell, we worked out sleeping arrangements for the kids. 146 by the tension of the day, most of them fell asleep soon on the carpeted floors. 147 , the next morning we awoke to find the storm had stopped. With the roads now clear of snow, our students were soon safely on their way home, and all the staff breathed a sigh of 148 . What might have been a(n) 149 had instead resulted in strengthened 150 between the community and our school. 136．A．as B．when C．before D．after 137．A．disappointed B．honored C．astonished D．thrilled 138．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Otherwise 139．A．broke down B．broke through C．broke out D．broke in 140．A．engaged B．stuck C．caught D．abandoned 141．A．concerned B．confused C．annoyed D．bored 142．A．convinced B．promised C．informed D．reminded 143．A．avoid B．brave C．escape D．ignore 144．A．attempted B．tended C．managed D．happened 145．A．failed B．waited C．opposed D．complained 146．A．Exhausted B．Frightened C．Threatened D．Challenged 147．A．Surely B．Hopefully C．Thankfully D．Strangely 148．A．impatience B．relief C．regret D．surprise 149．A．accident B．intervention C．disaster D．adventure 150．A．feedbacks B．communications C．frictions D．bonds 【答案】 136．C 137．D 138．C 139．A 140．B 141．A 142．C 143．B 144．C 145．D 146．A 147．C 148．B 149．C 150．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了学校遭受暴风雪，300名学生被困，住在附近的人们提供了帮助，让他们度过了灾难。 136．考查连词词义辨析。句意：到了中午，他把校车叫回来，这样孩子们就可以在太晚之前安全到家了。A. as当……的时候；B. when当……的时候；C. before在……之前；D. after在……之后。根据上文“get home safely”和下文“it was too late”可知，是让孩子们在太晚之前到家，空格处是“在……之前”。故选C。 137．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的学生们收拾好自己的东西，为能早点回家而兴奋不已。A. disappointed失望的；B. honored荣幸的；C. astonished吃惊的；D. thrilled兴奋的。 根据后文“to be going home early”可知，可以早点回家，学生感到兴奋。故选D。 138．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，暴雪突然变得更大了，很明显，短期内没有人能去任何地方。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover此外；C. However然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“going home early”和下文“the storm suddenly became heavier”可知，前后为转折关系，应用however。故选C。 139．考查动词短语辨析。句意：原来的计划失败了。A. broke down计划失败；B. broke through突破；C. broke out爆发；D. broke in闯入。根据上文“nobody was going anywhere any time soon”可知，没有人走得了了，所以之前的计划失败了。故选A。 140．考查动词词义辨析。句意：300多名儿童被困在学校里。A. engaged参与；B. stuck被困；C. caught抓住；D. abandoned抛弃。 根据上文“nobody was going anywhere any time soon.”可知，学生是被困在了学校。故选B。 141．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着夜幕降临，暴雪没有停止的迹象，我们开始感到非常担心。A. concerned担心的；B. confused困惑的；C. annoyed生气的；D. bored厌倦的。 根据上文“the storm showed no signs of stopping”可知，暴雪没有停止的迹象，他们开始感到非常担心。故选A。 142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在每个家长都被告知他们的孩子是安全的之后，住得很近可以冒风雪来的人被打电话问他们是否可以帮忙。A. convinced说服；B. promised承诺；C. informed通知；D. reminded提醒。 根据后文“that their children were safe”可知，此处指通知家长孩子是安全的。故选C。 143．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在每个家长都被告知他们的孩子是安全的之后，住得很近可以冒风雪来的人被打电话问他们是否可以帮忙。A. avoid避免；B. brave勇敢面对；C. escape逃走；D. ignore忽视。 根据后文“bad weather were called and asked if they could help”可知，是指那些人住得很近，可以冒着风雪来学校提供帮助。故选B。 144．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，一些人带着一袋袋的食物和毯子，设法穿过令人眩目的暴雪。A. attempted企图；B. tended打算；C. managed设法做成；D. happened发生。 根据后文“to travel through the blinding snow, bringing bags of food and blankets”可知，人们提供帮助，带着一袋袋的食物和毯子，设法穿过大雪。故选C。 145．考查动词词义辨析。句意：食物不多，但所有的东西都是共享的，没有人感到饥饿，也没有人抱怨。A. failed失败；B. waited等待；C. opposed反对；D. complained抱怨。 根据上文“There wasn’t much food, but everything was shared, nobody got hungry and nobody”可知，but表示转折，说明食物不多，但所有的东西都是共享的，没有人抱怨。故选D。 146．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于一天的紧张疲惫，他们中的大多数人很快就在铺着地毯的地板上睡着了。A. Exhausted使疲惫；B. Frightened使害怕；C. Threatened受到威胁；D. Challenged受到挑战。 根据后文“by the tension of the day, most of them fell asleep soon on the carpeted floors”可知，因为这一天太让人紧张了，所以学生很疲惫，故选A。 147．考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，第二天早上我们醒来时发现暴风雪已经停了。A. Surely当然；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Thankfully感谢地；D. Strangely奇怪地。 根据后文“find the storm had stopped”可知，第二天暴风雪停了，这是值得感谢的。故选C。 148．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着道路上的积雪清除，我们的学生很快就安全回家了，所有的工作人员都松了一口气。A. impatience不耐烦；B. relief宽慰；C. regret后悔；D. surprise惊喜。根据上文“our students were soon safely on their way home”可知，学生很快就安全回家了，所有的工作人员应该都松了一口气。故选B。 149．考查名词词义辨析。句意：本可能是一场灾难的结果反而加强了社区和我们学校之间的联系。A. accident事故；B. intervention干预；C. disaster灾难；D. adventure冒险。此处指上文“the storm suddenly became heavier”可知，暴风雪是一场灾难，故选C。 150．考查名词词义辨析。句意：本可能是一场灾难的结果反而加强了社区和我们学校之间的联系。A. feedbacks反馈；B. communications沟通；C. frictions摩擦；D. bonds联系。根据下文“between the community and our school”可知，此处是指社区和学校之间的联系。故选D。 （21-22高一下·江苏常州·期中）It took humans thousands of years to understand our own planet, and centuries 151 our neighboring planets. Nowadays, new worlds are being 152 every week. Up to the present time, astronomers have 153 more than 370 “exoplanets”—planets orbiting (绕……运动) outer space stars (恒星) other than our sun. There is a “hot Saturn (土星)” 260 light-years from Earth that orbits its parent star so 154 that a year there lasts less than three days. 155 another star 150 light-years out is a burning “hot Jupiter (木星),” where upper atmosphere (大气层) is being burning to form a huge comet-like tail. Astronomers have found another three 156 orbiting a pulsar (脉冲星)—the remains of a once huge star shrinking (收缩) into a small atomic nucleus the 157 of a city. Some planets have obviously fallen into their suns. Others have been thrown out of their 158 to become “floaters” that float in the darkness of the universe. Among all these, scientists are eager to find a clue of the 159 : planets like the Earth. That is, planets orbiting their stars at just the right distance—neither too hot nor too cold—to 160 life as we know it. We have not yet found planets that are quite like our own, 161 because they’re inconspicuous (不起眼的). To see a planet as 162 and slim as ours among the brightness of its star is like trying to see a firefly in a fireworks display.   163 by pushing technology to the 164 , astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth. And when they do, they can examine it for 165 of life. 151．A．explore B．separate C．forget D．defend 152．A．revised B．discovered C．saved D．created 153．A．travelled B．damaged C．recognized D．ignored 154．A．slowly B．easily C．wrongly D．rapidly 155．A．Removing B．Circling C．Lighting D．Showing 156．A．stars B．moons C．planets D．satellites 157．A．type B．distance C．power D．size 158．A．authorities B．species C．systems D．facilities 159．A．familiar B．previous C．unknown D．distant 160．A．hide B．discover C．injure D．support 161．A．luckily B．instantly C．probably D．officially 162．A．small B．bright C．blue D．clear 163．A．And B．Yet C．So D．Thus 164．A．limits B．ends C．opposites D．beginnings 165．A．examples B．designs C．means D．signs 【答案】 151．A 152．B 153．C 154．D 155．B 156．C 157．D 158．C 159．A 160．D 161．C 162．A 163．B 164．A 165．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了除地球外的其他“系外行星”并介绍了人类为了寻找与地球相似的行星所做出的努力。 151．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类花了数千年的时间才了解了我们自己的星球，并花了数百年的时间探索我们邻近的星球。A. explore探索；B. separate分离；C. forget忘记；D. defend保卫。根据后文内容可知，后文内容介绍的是我们邻近的星球，由此可知，句中指花了数百年的时间探索我们邻近的星球，有探索才会有发现。故选A项。 152．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，每周都有新的世界被发现。A. revised修改，复习；B. discovered发现；C. saved拯救；D. created创造。根据句中“new worlds”可知，随着人类的不断探索，应该是有新的世界被发现。故选B项。 153．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，天文学家已经识别了370多颗“系外行星”——围绕太阳以外的外层空间恒星运行的行星。A. travelled旅行；B. damaged损坏；C. recognized认出，识别；D. ignored忽视。根据下文“hot Saturn”和“hot Jupiter”可知，下文介绍的是其他“系外行星”，由此可知，句中指天文学家已经识别了370多颗“系外行星”。故选C项。 154．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一个距离地球260光年的“热土星”，它绕其母星运行的速度如此之快，以至于在那里一年的持续时间不到三天。A. slowly慢速地；B. easily容易地；C. wrongly错误地；D. rapidly迅速地，很快地。根据句中“a year there lasts less than three days”可知，在那里一年的持续时间不到三天，由此可知，“热土星”绕其母星运行的速度是很快的。故选D项。 155．考查动词词义辨析。句意：环绕150光年外的另一颗恒星移动的是一颗燃烧的“热木星”，在那里上层大气正在燃烧，形成一个巨大的彗星状尾巴。A. Removing移动；B. Circling环绕……移动；C. Lighting点燃；D. Showing展示。根据上文“There is a “hot Saturn (土星)” 260 light-years from Earth that orbits its parent star so…”中的“orbits”可知，句中应用“Circling”，意为“环绕……移动”，指环绕150光年外的另一颗恒星移动的是一颗燃烧的“热木星”。故选B项。 156．考查名词词义辨析。句意：天文学家还发现了另外三颗围绕脉冲星运行的行星——一颗曾经巨大的恒星的残骸缩小成一个城市大小的小原子核。A. stars恒星；B. moons月亮；C. planets行星；D. satellites人造卫星。根据上文“exoplanets”可知，本段内容介绍的是“系外行星”，由此可知，句中指另外三颗围绕脉冲星运行的行星。故选C项。 157．考查名词词义辨析。句意：天文学家还发现了另外三颗围绕脉冲星运行的行星——一颗曾经巨大的恒星的残骸缩小成一个城市大小的小原子核。A. type类型；B. distance距离；C. power权力，能力；D. size大小，尺寸。根据句中“a once huge star”中的“huge”可知，这里介绍的是恒星的大小，由此可知，句中指“缩小成一个城市大小的小原子核”。故选D项。 158．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他行星则被赶出它们的系统，成为漂浮在宇宙黑暗中的“漂浮者”。A. authorities权力，权威；B. species物种；C. systems体系，系统；D. facilities设施。根据句中“become “floaters” that float in the darkness of the universe.”可知，其他行星成为漂浮在宇宙黑暗中的“漂浮者”，由此可知，它们是被赶出了它们所在的系统。故选C项。 159．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在所有这些中，科学家们渴望找到一条熟悉的线索：像地球这样的行星。A. familiar熟悉的；B. previous以前的；C. unknown未知的；D. distant遥远的。根据句中“planets like the Earth”可知，找到“像地球这样的行星”对我们来说应该是一条熟悉的线索。故选A项。 160．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，行星围绕恒星运行的距离恰到好处——既不太热也不太冷——足以支持我们所知道的生命。A. hide隐藏；B. discover发现；C. injure伤害；D. support支持。根据句中“neither too hot nor too cold”可知，“既不太热也不太冷”的条件下应该是可以支持人类生存的。故选D项。 161．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们还没有发现与我们自己的行星非常相似的行星，可能是因为它们不起眼。A. luckily幸运的是；B. instantly立即地；C. probably可能地；D. officially官方地。根据句中“because they’re inconspicuous”可知，“因为它们不起眼”是我们推测的“我们还没有发现与我们自己的行星非常相似的行星”的原因，是我们推测的原因，应用“probably”。故选C项。 162．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在明亮的星光中看到一颗像我们这样又小又细的行星，就像试图在烟花表演中看到一只萤火虫。A. small小的；B. bright明亮的；C. blue蓝色的；D. clear清楚的。根据句中“a firefly in a fireworks display”中的“firefly”可知，在烟花表演中的萤火虫是小的，不容易看到，由此可知，句中指又小又细的行星，在明亮的星光中是不起眼的。故选A项。 163．考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，通过将技术推向极限，天文学家正在迅速接近找到另一个地球的那一天。A. And和；B. Yet然而，但是；C. So所以；D. Thus因此。根据句中“astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth”可知，上下文为转折关系，上文说我们还没有发现与我们自己的行星非常相似的行星，下文说天文学家正在迅速接近找到另一个地球的那一天，由此可知，应用连词“Yet”，表转折。故选B项。 164．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，通过将技术推向极限，天文学家正在迅速接近找到另一个地球的那一天。A. limits限制，极限；B. ends结尾；C. opposites对立面；D. beginnings开端。根据句意和生活常识可知，应该是随着技术的发展，天文学家有可能找到另一个地球，由此可知，句中指将技术推向极限。故选A项。 165．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们这样做时，他们可以检查它是否有生命迹象。A. examples例子；B. designs设计；C. means方法；D. signs迹象。根据上文内容可知，天文学家正在寻找与地球相似地星球，由此可知，他们要检查那些星球是否有生命迹象。故选D项。 （24-25高二上·四川雅安·阶段练习）As an aerospace engineer, TV host, and author, Emily Calandrelli is devoted to inspiring and educating young people about the wonders of space. Now she is 166 for a major mission: a journey aboard an upcoming Blue Origin space flight. At 37 years old, Calandrelli is set to make a 167 as the first woman from West Virginia to travel to space. Growing up, she never 168 this would happen. Her family didn’t have much money, so she 169 to study engineering because she wanted a practical career with 170 stability. “While I wasn’t always the 171 kid in the room, I was usually the hardest one,” she recalled. Calandrelli 172 a bachelor’s degree in mechanical and aerospace engineering at West Virginia University before 173 her studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her career took a creative 174 when she became the host of the show Xploration Outer Space. She has also 175 nine books, including The complete Ada Lace Adventures. One of her goals is for kids to 176 themselves working in science fields. The Blue Origin flight, which does not yet have a 177 date, will send Calandrelli and five others into space for 12 minutes. She is excited to 178 Earth from beyond its atmosphere. Fewer than 100 women have been to space, and she is 179 to become one of them. “I feel a sense of 180 and joy to be part of that,” she said. 166．A．qualifying B．applying C．preparing D．paying 167．A．history B．sacrifice C．decision D．promise 168．A．doubted B．imagined C．realized D．wondered 169．A．intended B．volunteered C．hesitated D．managed 170．A．global B．mental C．social D．financial 171．A．richest B．smartest C．oldest D．nicest 172．A．favored B．missed C．lost D．earned 173．A．repeating B．considering C．advancing D．offering 174．A．share B．turn C．chance D．lead 175．A．donated B．advertised C．read D．authored 176．A．see B．keep C．make D．catch 177．A．return B．review C．launch D．service 178．A．appreciate B．recognize C．process D．preserve 179．A．promised B．motivated C．inspired D．honored 180．A．humour B．pride C．adventure D．purpose 【答案】 166．C 167．A 168．B 169．A 170．D 171．B 172．D 173．C 174．B 175．D 176．A 177．C 178．A 179．D 180．B 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了Emily Calandrelli的故事，她是一位航天航空工程师，电视主持人和作家，她激发了年轻人对于太空的好奇心，现在，她即将进行蓝色起源太空飞行，成为西弗吉尼亚州首位进入太空的女性。 166．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，她正在为一项重大任务做准备：搭乘即将到来的蓝色起源太空飞行。A. qualifying取得资格；B. applying应用，申请；C. preparing准备；D. paying支付。根据下文“for a major mission: a journey aboard an upcoming Blue Origin space flight.”可知，Calandrelli正在为这一项重大任务做准备。故选C项。 167．考查名词词义辨析。句意：37岁的卡兰德雷利将创造历史，成为西弗吉尼亚州首位进入太空的女性。A. history历史；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. decision决定；D. promise承诺。根据下文“as the first woman from West Virginia to travel to space”可知，Calandrelli即将创造历史。故选A项。 168．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从小到大，她从没想过会发生这种事。A. doubted怀疑；B. imagined想象；C. realized意识到；D. wondered想知道。根据下文“Her family didn’t have much money”可知，她的家境贫穷，所以她从没有想象这种事情会发生在自己身上。故选B项。 169．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的家庭并不富裕，所以她打算学习工程学，因为她想要一份经济稳定的实用职业。A. intended打算；B. volunteered志愿；C. hesitated犹豫；D. managed设法做。根据上文“Her family didn’t have much money”可知，她的家庭不太富裕，所以她打算学习工程学，因为能找到更好的工作。故选A项。 170．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的家庭并不富裕，所以她打算学习工程学，因为她想要一份经济稳定的实用职业。A. global全球的；B. mental精神的；C. social社交的；D. financial财政的。根据前文讲到她的家境贫穷可知，她找工作要考虑经济稳定性。故选D项。 171．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“虽然我并不总是房间里最聪明的孩子，但我通常是最努力的一个，”她回忆说。A. richest最富有的；B. smartest最聪明的；C. oldest最年长的；D. nicest最好的。根据下文“I was usually the hardest one”可知，此处表示Calandrelli说自己并不是最聪明的。故选B项。 172．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在进入麻省理工学院深造之前，她在西弗吉尼亚大学获得了机械和航空航天工程学士学位。A. favored喜爱；B. missed想念；C. lost丢失；D. earned获得，赚的。根据下文“a bachelor’s degree in mechanical and aerospace engineering at West Virginia University”可知，此处描述她获得的学位。故选D项。 173．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在进入麻省理工学院深造之前，她在西弗吉尼亚大学获得了机械和航空航天工程学士学位。A. repeating重复；B. considering考虑到；C. advancing发展，进步；D. offering主动提供。根据下文“her studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology”可知，获得学位之后，她又再次进入麻省理工深造。故选C项。 174．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她成为节目《探索外太空》的主持人时，她的职业生涯发生了创造性的转变。A. share一份；B. turn轮次，转变；C. chance机会；D. lead领先地位。根据下文“when she became the host of the show Xploration Outer Space.”可知，此处描述她的职业，这份职业应该是她生涯的创造性的转变。故选B项。 175．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还写了九本书。A. donated捐赠；B. advertised做广告；C. read阅读；D. authored写作。根据文章开头“and author”可知，她还是一位作家，此处表示她写了九本书。故选D项。 176．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的目标之一是让孩子们看到自己在科学领域工作。A. see看见；B. keep保持；C. make制作；D. catch抓。根据上文“One of her goals is for kids to”及下文“themselves working in science fields.”可知，Calandrelli的目标之一是让孩子们看到自己在科学领域工作。故选A项。 177．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蓝色起源的这次飞行还没有确定发射日期，它将把卡兰德雷利和其他五人送入太空12分钟。A. return返回；B. review回顾；C. launch发射；D. service服务。根据第一段“Now she is ____1____ for a major mission: a journey aboard an upcoming Blue Origin space flight”可知，蓝色起源的飞行即将到来，但是还没有确切的发射日期。故选C项。 178．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很高兴能从大气层外欣赏地球。A. appreciate欣赏，感激；B. recognize识别，认可；C. process处理；D. preserve保护。根据下文“Earth from beyond its atmosphere.”可知，她将要飞上太空，从大气层外欣赏地球。故选A项。 179．考查动词、形容词词义辨析。句意：只有不到100名女性去过太空，她很荣幸能成为其中一员。A. promised承诺；B. motivated激励；C. inspired鼓舞，启发；D. honored尊重，荣幸的。根据上文“Fewer than 100 women have been to space”可知，去过太空的女性很少，她十分荣幸能成为其中之一。故选D项。 180．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“能成为其中的一员，我感到骄傲和快乐，”她说。A. humour幽默；B. pride骄傲；C. adventure冒险；D. purpose目的。 根据上文“Fewer than 100 women have been to space, and she is ____14____ to become one of them.”可知，她能成为为数不多的飞入太空的女性，感到骄傲和快乐。故选B项 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重点话题32人与自然-宇宙探索 完形填空 【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语阅读提升（通用版） 人与社会：高二英语 “人与自然—宇宙探索” 主题完形填空中的一些高频词汇和短语： 一、高频词汇 astronaut：宇航员；太空人 launch：发射；发起；上市 leap：跳跃；剧增；剧变；跳过；跃过 signal：标志着；标明；发信号；信号；标志 recycle：回收利用；再利用 float：浮动；漂流；漂浮；使浮动；使漂流 beyond：在更远处；超出 mankind：人类 current：当前的；现在的；水流；电流；思潮；潮流1 keen：热衷的；渴望的 limited：有限的 resource：资源；财力；物力 oxygen：氧；氧气 attach：系；绑；贴 universe：宇宙；天地万物 telescope：望远镜 intelligent：有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 determined：有决心的；意志坚定的 disappointed：失望的；沮丧的 desire：渴望；欲望；渴望；期望 globe：地球；世界；地球仪 argue：论证；争辩；争论 analysis：（对事物的）分析；分析结果 satellite：人造卫星；卫星 spacecraft：航天器；宇宙飞船 spacewalk：太空行走 gravity：重力，地球引力 solar system：太阳系 二、高频短语 space rocket：太空火箭 the earth's orbit around the sun：地球环绕太阳的轨道 be transmitted live by satellite：通过卫星现场转播 make full use of solar energy：充分利用太阳能 International Space Station：国际空间站 on board：在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 as a result of：作为…… 的结果，由于 as a whole：作为一个整体，整个看来 as for：至于，就…… 方面说 as if：好像，仿佛 as well as：除…… 外（也），既…… 又 in advance：提前 consist of：由…… 组成；由…… 构成 react to：对…… 做出反应 respond to：回答；回应 三、“人与自然 —— 宇宙探索” 为主题的完形填空，通常有以下考法和考点： （一）考法 整体主旨把握：要求学生理解整个篇章是围绕宇宙探索中人与自然的关系展开，可能涉及人类对宇宙的好奇、探索过程中的发现、对地球和人类自身认知的影响等。例如，通过文章首段或结尾段的关键句来考查学生对整体主题方向的理解。 段落逻辑理解：会设置一些需要根据段落间的逻辑关系来选择答案的题目。比如，段落之间可能存在对比关系，如人类早期与现代对宇宙探索方法和认知的对比；也可能是因果关系，如因为某种宇宙现象的发现，导致人类对自然的某种新认识等。 1.词汇应用考法 近义词辨析：给出几个意思相近的单词，如 discover、find、invent 等，让学生根据语境选择最合适的词。在宇宙探索主题中，discover 更侧重于发现原本存在但未被人知晓的事物，如发现新的星球，而 invent 则是发明创造原本不存在的东西，通过这样的对比来考查学生对词汇细微差别的理解。 固定搭配与短语：考查与宇宙探索相关的固定搭配和短语，如 space exploration（太空探索）、launch a satellite（发射卫星）等。学生需要熟悉这些搭配才能准确理解和选择。 2.语法知识考法 从句引导词：可能会在涉及对宇宙现象描述或探索过程介绍的句子中，考查定语从句、宾语从句等的引导词。比如，“The telescope, which is used to observe distant stars...”，考查学生对 which 引导非限制性定语从句的用法掌握。 时态和语态：根据文章中对宇宙探索事件发生的时间先后顺序，考查不同的时态和语态。如讲述过去的探索事件用一般过去时，介绍科学发现对现在的影响用现在完成时等。 （二）考点 1.词汇考点 宇宙相关词汇：astronaut（宇航员）、planet（行星）、galaxy（星系）、universe（宇宙）、orbit（轨道）等基础词汇，以及一些更专业的如 nebula（星云）、black hole（黑洞）等词汇的理解和运用。 探索动作词汇：如 explore、probe、investigate、research 等表示探索行为的词汇，要能区分它们在语境中的不同用法。 2.语法考点 非谓语动词：在描述宇宙探索的设备、实验等内容时，常考非谓语动词作定语、状语等。例如，“The spaceship, designed to withstand extreme temperatures, successfully landed on the moon.” 中 designed 就是过去分词作定语，修饰 spaceship。 虚拟语气：在表达对宇宙探索的假设、愿望等情况时，可能会考查虚拟语气。如 “If we could travel at the speed of light, we could explore more distant galaxies.” 3.逻辑关系考点 因果关系：例如因为宇宙中存在某种特殊的磁场环境，所以某种探测器的工作受到了影响，学生要能根据上下文逻辑判断出因果关系，选择正确的连接词如 because、so 等。 转折关系：人类虽然在宇宙探索中取得了很多成果，但仍有许多未知等待解决，通过 but、however 等词来考查转折关系的理解和运用。 四、高二英语“人与自然—宇宙探索”主题完形填空解题思路 高二英语 “人与自然 —宇宙探索” 主题完形填空可从通览全文、逐空解答、复查验证这几个步骤入手，具体解题思路如下： （一）通览全文，把握主题与脉络 明确主题方向：快速浏览文章，确定是围绕 “人与自然 —— 宇宙探索” 展开，可能涉及人类探索宇宙的历程、重要发现、对人类生活和认知的影响，或者是人与自然在宇宙大背景下的关系等内容。比如文章可能讲述人类从古代对星空的观察到现代利用先进技术探索火星的过程，要抓住这个整体方向。 梳理文章结构：判断文章是按照时间顺序，如从早期天文观测到现代航天发展来叙述；还是按照逻辑顺序，如先提出宇宙探索的意义，再阐述面临的挑战和未来展望等进行组织。了解结构有助于把握上下文的逻辑联系。 （二）逐空解答，综合分析选答案 结合上下文语境 利用前文信息：前文提到的内容可能为后面的空提供线索。如前文说 “Astronomers have been observing the sky for centuries”，后面可能就会出现与观测工具或方法相关的空，像 “With the development of ___, they can see more clearly.”，结合前文可判断这里可能填 telescopes 等词汇。 依据后文提示：后文的内容也能帮助确定前面空的答案。比如后面提到 “...and this discovery changed our understanding of the solar system”，那前面可能是在说某个具体的发现，如 “Scientists found a new planet in a different ___.”，根据后文可知这里填 orbit 比较合适。 分析词汇用法 考虑词性和词形：根据句子结构判断所需词的词性，如 “The ___ (discover) of new galaxies is exciting news.”，这里需要用名词形式 discovery。 辨析近义词和反义词：对于意思相近或相反的词，要根据语境区分。如 “explore” 和 “research” 都有探索研究的意思，但 “explore” 更强调实地考察等行为，“research” 更侧重学术研究等，要根据具体语境选择。 （三）关注语法规则 判断句子成分：分析句子中缺失的成分来确定答案。如 “___ is known to all, the universe is vast.”，这里考查 as 引导的非限制性定语从句，as 在句中作主语，指代后面整个句子的内容。 注意时态和语态：根据文章讲述的事件时间来确定时态，如讲述过去的一次太空任务用一般过去时，描述科学事实用一般现在时等。同时要注意被动语态的使用，如 “Many satellites have been ___ (launch) into space.”，这里应该用 launched。 （四）理清逻辑关系 因果关系：若前后句存在因果关系，要选对相应的连接词。如 “Humans are curious about the universe ___ they want to know more about their place in it.”，这里应该用 because。 并列、转折、递进关系：根据上下文逻辑判断。例如 “Space exploration is difficult; ___, it is also full of opportunities.”，这里表示转折，应该用 however。 复查验证，确保答案准确合理 通读检查：将所选答案代入文章，再次通读全文，检查文章是否通顺，逻辑是否连贯，语法是否正确。 重点复查：对不确定或觉得有难度的题目进行重点检查，看是否有遗漏的信息或错误的判断。 五、高二英语“人与自然-宇宙探索”完形填空精练题 （25高二上·湖南邵阳·期中）I’m not allowed to touch the moon rocks. This is the lab where the Johnson Space Center 1 the original samples that the Apollo astronauts 2 to the earth decades ago. As I stare at the rocks through glass, Charis, my tour guide, says in a 3 voice: No touching the moon rocks. Before 4 this clean room, I remove all my jewelry. My guide and I cover our shoes with blue-paper booties and step into full-body jumpsuits. We then 5 gloves and a hair cover. Finally, we spend a full minute standing in an air shower, under a steady light wind 6 from ceiling to floor to 7 us of any fine dust. Inside the clean room, the rocks are kept in 8 , pressurized containers. Only five sample processors in the world get to routinely handle these 9 stones. They preserve and prepare the samples for studies. To pick up an Apollo rock, they must use special tools, following pretty strict 10 about touching samples. All the 11 is to protect the 382 kilograms of rocks lifted from the moon. “One big 12 belief is that the Apollo samples aren’t being studied any more and that they only tell us about the moon,” says Charis. “Neither of those is true.” Keeping priceless samples away from curious 13 allowed scientists to make one of the most surprising lunar 14 of the last 50 years: The moon is wet. Those samples are still offering fresh details about how the 15 — and the entire solar system — formed and developed. 1．A．accumulates B．stores C．tests D．analyzes 2．A．brought B．sent C．donated D．introduced 3．A．thoughtful B．sensitive C．eager D．firm 4．A．leaving B．inspecting C．entering D．observing 5．A．reach for B．deal with C．put on D．inquire about 6．A．blowing B．shooting C．sweeping D．rising 7．A．warn B．assure C．remind D．clear 8．A．useful B．secure C．empty D．new 9．A．precious B．strange C．clean D．previous 10．A．schedules B．laws C．rules D．orders 11．A．effort B．sacrifice C．arrangement D．reform 12．A．uncommon B．contradictory C．impractical D．mistaken 13．A．minds B．looks C．fingers D．questions 14．A．attempts B．fortune C．reservation D．discoveries 15．A．sun B．moon C．earth D．universe （24-25高二上·云南大理·期中）SPACE, the final frontier, the stuff of dreams. Yet, in reality, a place that is filled with 16 and sometimes tragedy (悲剧). This time, its legendary tale is 17 by British astronaut Tim Peake in his book Space: The human story. It is about the 18 experience and the “unusual normality of what we try and make out our job to be——it’s 19 people doing extraordinary jobs”, says Peake, 20 an ambassador for the European Space Agency. The main image of one photo included in this book 21 the biggest feat (壮举) so far: the 22 moon landing on 20 July 1969. This is not the representative 23 of Neil Armstrong’s first steps, 24 a more candid picture (taken by Armstrong) of Buzz Aldrin walking across the lunar surface. Four days earlier, the Apollo 11 mission 25 the moon, as a striking image of its launch shows. To its left, Ed White can be seen spacewalking during the Gemini 4 mission in June 1965, which saw him floating roughly 150 kilometers 26 Earth. Ed White and astronauts Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffe were set to crew the Apollo 1 mission, a predecessor (前身) of Apollo 11 that was 27 to launch into orbit around Earth in February 1967. The image at top left shows them during capsule training. 28 , all three died on 27 January 1967, after a fire broke out during a test. Thinking of the 29 , Peake says: “We’re looking at establishing a lunar station and stepping stones to Mars. As the ISS (International Space Station) comes to its retirement, it felt like the right time to 30 the whole story up to date.” 16．A．gravity B．options C．risks D．desire 17．A．forgotten B．noticed C．remembered D．told 18．A．roller coaster B．roller skating C．honor roll D．rock&roll 19．A．attractive B．ethnic C．ordinary D．native 20．A．absolutely B．currently C．definitely D．typically 21．A．attaches B．complains C．gathers D．features 22．A．fatal B．final C．first D．funny 23．A．script B．ceremony C．element D．shot 24．A．but B．therefore C．however D．otherwise 25．A．hoped for B．longed for C．provided for D．set off for 26．A．above B．besides C．aside D．behind 27．A．admitted B．chosen C．intended D．pursued 28．A．Unusually B．Unfortunately C．Unfairly D．Uncertainly 29．A．future B．competitions C．scenery D．tradition 30．A．give B．bring C．make D．take （23-24高二下·广东汕头·期中）Neil Armstrong was truly suited to be an Apollo astronaut. And he was also a brave test pilot who put his life on the line for 31 progress. As the first human to walk on the moon, he 32 returned to Earth in 1969. 33 Armstrong’s early life, people felt that fate chose the gifted young man to become an astronaut. He was 34 by planes and took to flying as a child. At 16, he received his pilot’s license and became a test pilot. He went to Purdue University and then served for three years as a fighter pilot. He 35 to Purdue University to finish his degree and was 36 by the National Advisor Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in 1955. Later, he started his space 37 at the NACA Lewis Research Center, but made his 38 as a daring test pilot at another research center . Armstrong flew the famed X-15, an experimentally challenging rocket-powered plane that 39 the lives of several brave National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) test pilots. The X-15 reached a top speed and could climb right to the edge of 40 . But to fully break the 41 of Earth’s atmosphere and survive, he would have to become an astronaut. The long-awaited call to join NASA’s astronaut training program came in 1962. Armstrong 42 himself into his new job at NASA headquarters. Armstrong’s hard work 43 . In 1966, he was chosen as the command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission. The mission required someone with Armstrong’s steady hand and 44 heart. He finally finished the first-ever docking (对接) of two vehicles in orbit 45 much difficulty, which laid the groundwork for his future missions to the moon. 31．A．religious B．scientific C．commercial D．political 32．A．barely B．bitterly C．successfully D．apparently 33．A．Recollecting B．Restoring C．Repairing D．Rescuing 34．A．amused B．drawn C．stuck D．disturbed 35．A．admitted B．restricted C．returned D．objected 36．A．dismissed B．abandoned C．beaten D．hired 37．A．shot B．career C．station D．creation 38．A．plane B．vehicle C．name D．case 39．A．sheltered B．comforted C．monitored D．claimed 40．A．space B．land C．mountains D．oceans 41．A．features B．bans C．bonds D．elements 42．A．persuaded B．threw C．relaxed D．tricked 43．A．fell behind B．faded away C．paid off D．got about 44．A．fearless B．genuine C．enthusiastic D．considerate 45．A．apart from B．instead of C．far from D．regardless of （22-23高二上·江苏盐城·期中）Being an astronaut sounds cool, doesn’t it? In space, they get to do some pretty amazing things, like 46 in zero gravity. However, without 47 , there are also plenty of things astronauts can’t do, and that’s very 48 . What’s worse, they can’t even let their sadness show — because it’s impossible to 49 in zero gravity. Of course, astronauts can still produce tears. But crying is much more difficult in space. Because of their 50 environment, tears don’t flow downward out of the eyes. This 51 that when you cry in space, your tears have nowhere to go — they just 52 there. In May 2011, astronaut Andrew J. Feustel 53 this during one of his spacewalks. Besides making your 54 unclear, this can also cause physical pain. Back on Earth, tears are supposed to bring 55 to the eyes. But that’s not the case in space. “My right eye is painful like crazy,” Feustel told his teammate during the walk. Since gravity doesn’t work in space, astronauts need some extra help to get rid of the tears. Feustel 56 to rub (擦) his eyes against his helmet to wipe the tears away. Another choice is to just wait. “When the tears get big enough they 57 break free of the eye and float around,” astronaut Ron Parise said. In space, astronauts can’t eat or drink in 58 ways. Nor can they talk to each other directly. They can’t even burp (打嗝), because there is no gravity to hold the food 59 in their stomach. If they do burp, they just 60 throwing up everything in their stomach. Thus, perhaps it’s only space explorers who can honestly say, “Gravity, you’re the best.” 46．A．leaping B．floating C．eating D．talking 47．A．gravity B．doubt C．aid D．effort 48．A．risky B．lifelike C．sad D．unfortunate 49．A．foresee B．view C．pray D．cry 50．A．dangerous B．extreme C．stable D．weightless 51．A．expects B．means C．demands D．shows 52．A．meet B．develop C．stay D．leave 53．A．witnessed B．acknowledged C．experienced D．suffered 54．A．mind B．vision C．sense D．idea 55．A．peace B．disaster C．stress D．comfort 56．A．chose B．decided C．stopped D．hesitated 57．A．fluently B．exactly C．efficiently D．simply 58．A．regular B．normal C．particular D．rational 59．A．out B．off C．down D．up 60．A．give up B．end up C．put off D．feel like （21-22高二上·湖北宜昌·期中）When NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley took off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Saturday, they marked the first successful rocket launch（发射） off American soil in nine years. However, it was also a first in their close 61 which has developed over their 20-year work at NASA． “Being lucky enough to 62 with your best friend is some astronauts’ wish and we’re lucky enough,” explained 53-year-old Hurley. The two astronauts had 63 the mission（使命）, which saw them 64 land on the International Space Station, over a two-year period. While they were friends before, in this time they could really see each other’s weaknesses and 65 . And they’re 66 that the experience made them even 67 together. So when they climbed into their space suits and the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft, the two men were 68 not only in their technical skills, but in 69 that they’d have each other’s backs. Their close relationship has developed partly from shared 70 experiences. They both 71 women who played roles in space missions. And the 72 of fatherhood is very important for both men: Behnken has a six-year-old son, Theodore, and Hurley has a 10-year-old son, Jack. With the two astronauts living their 73 of heading into space as best friends, the mission will hopefully end with the two of them landing safely into the cool waters of the Atlantic. After they 74 their work, they can share the 75 with their families together once they’re back on Earth. 61．A．idea B．birth C．fight D．friendship 62．A．survive B．argue C．fly D．teach 63．A．thought of B．prepared for C．cut down D．made up 64．A．successfully B．frequently C．violently D．casually 65．A．changes B．memories C．strengths D．appearances 66．A．terrified B．guilty C．anxious D．grateful 67．A．faster B．closer C．taller D．smarter 68．A．comfortable B．worried C．sad D．puzzled 69．A．pretending B．wishing C．forgetting D．knowing 70．A．learning B．travel C．family D．work 71．A．saved B．married C．forgave D．admired 72．A．question B．harm C．record D．role 73．A．secret B．hobby C．habit D．dream 74．A．finish B．combine C．plan D．seek 75．A．expression B．experience C．scene D．manner （23-24高二上·全国·期末）Recently, an article written by China’s first 76 , Yang Liwei, describing his one day in space, aroused numerous discussions on social media platforms, with many marveling at the country’s 77 advancement in space technology. Entitled “One Day in Space”, Yang’s article was recently included in the seventh-grade textbook in Chinese middle schools, and it was 78 on Sina Weibo on Saturday, drawing tens of thousands of views within the first few hours. Many Weibo users were astonished at Yang’s 79 . “As the first person to go into space and live through so many unknowns, he must have a great will,” said one netizen. Yang was 38 when he became the first Chinese person to go into space on the Shenzhou V, on October 15, 2003, making China the third country—after the US and Russia—to 80 manned space capabilities. In his article, Yang 81 several breathtaking moments when he thought he would not make it back alive. “ 82 the rocket lifted to a height about 30-40 kilometers above the ground, I felt it begin to vibrate violently, and it was extremely 83 ,” he said. Vibrations in the spacecraft below 10 Hz can damage the internal organs, and even threaten a person’s life, Yang explained. The near-deadly moment lasted for 26 seconds. When it was finally over, Yang felt like he had been reborn. When ground control finally saw Yang blink his eyes through the surveillance camera, his colleagues 84 crying, “He’s blinking! Yang is alive!” In the article, Yang also described “ 85 knocking sounds” from outside the craft. He still does not know where they came from. He also described what the Earth, his country, and his city looked like 86 space.” I flew over Beijing and saw the mountains in daytime and sparkling lights at night. And there live my comrades and my loved ones.” Yang shared another interesting experience in the 87 . After several 88 from his cabin, he could not see the Great Wall, which many believed was the only man-made structure on the Earth that could be seen from space. “The Shenzhou VI and VII astronauts couldn’t see it either,” Yang wrote. Eighteen years after his 89 trip to space, Yang said with a smile that he “envied” a lot that his fellow spacemen who now have such 90 space accommodations, which shows how China’s space programme has grown. 76．A．engineer B．astronaut C．doctor D．designer 77．A．significant B．usual C．small D．good 78．A．given B．found C．posted D．obtained 79．A．policy B．plan C．courage D．appearance 80．A．learn B．master C．run D．teach 81．A．said B．knew C．recalled D．doubted 82．A．Because B．If C．Although D．When 83．A．painful B．exciting C．disappointing D．pitiful 84．A．let off B．sent off C．burst out D．broke out 85．A．interesting B．mysterious C．attractive D．fantastic 86．A．on B．at C．outside D．from 87．A．video B．article C．paper D．photo 88．A．attempts B．climbs C．experiments D．falls 89．A．first B．recent C．next D．another 90．A．different B．satisfied C．important D．comfortable （2024·广东·一模）Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and efforts be spent exploring and 91 something with so few apparent benefits? Why should many resources be spent on space 92 than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer 93 in our genetic makeup (基因构成) as human beings. What 94 our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all 95 areas and environments? The wider the 96 of a species, the better its chance of 97 . Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand 98 possible. Nearly every successful civilization has 99 , because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be 100 destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can 101 its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources 102 . Even if we have no 103 need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been 104 through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can 105 the length or quality of our lives. 91．A．hunting B．researching C．sending D．waiting 92．A．rather B．more C．less D．other 93．A．goes B．hides C．falls D．lies 94．A．made B．led C．drove D．showed 95．A．possible B．horrible C．changeable D．reasonable 96．A．exchange B．existence C．appearance D．spread 97．A．removal B．survival C．arrival D．refusal 98．A．however B．whenever C．wherever D．whoever 99．A．explored B．removed C．changed D．survived 100．A．surely B．really C．hardly D．completely 101．A．deepen B．lessen C．lengthen D．strengthen 102．A．found B．wasted C．sent D．used 103．A．quick B．full C．much D．immediate 104．A．charged B．collected C．acquired D．connected 105．A．enlarge B．improve C．exchange D．include （2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 106 , Diana Trujill has made it — she is a(n) 107 now, leading a 45-person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 108 , she followed her dad’s 109 . Arriving in the U.S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 110 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 111 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained. Then came another 112 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 113 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 114 Trujillo’s career goals. So she 115 her studies in space science and 116 became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America’s space agency. But Diana hasn’t 117 there. She also leads by example, 118 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 119 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 120 the stars. 106．A．Therefore B．Instead C．However D．Moreover 107．A．astronaut B．engineer C．pilot D．doctor 108．A．hesitation B．complaint C．expectation D．promise 109．A．command B．footstep C．request D．suggestion 110．A．go B．pass C．struggle D．push 111．A．mission B．career C．adventure D．process 112．A．risk-taking B．life-changing C．time-consuming D．energy-saving 113．A．Realizing B．Remembering C．Imagining D．Assuming 114．A．record B．share C．inspire D．finish 115．A．started B．abandoned C．suspended D．continued 116．A．immediately B．eventually C．gradually D．suddenly 117．A．left B．succeeded C．stopped D．reached 118．A．encouraging B．promising C．allowing D．persuading 119．A．symbol B．notice C．warning D．reminder 120．A．stare at B．reach for C．long for D．come after （22-23高二上·江西南昌·阶段练习）Wang Yaping, 41, became China’s first female astronaut to conduct a spacewalk on November. 2021. Wang’s dream of becoming an astronaut was 121 by Yang Liwei’s 2003 space flight, which was China’s first manned space mission. “Now China has its first man in space, when will our country have its first 122 .” thought Wang, who was then working as a fighter pilot in China’s air force. After years of 123 training and excellent performance in various 124 , in May 2010, Wang became a member of China’s first batch of female astronauts. The joy of being 125 did not last long as the cruel nature of the training quickly 126 . In the first year, Wang could not get the top level in the high-G training, which simulates (模拟) the environment when the spacecraft 127 , enters orbit and returns. Because of the overwhelming force of gravity, blood can’t flow to the brain 128 , causing a temporary 129 of oxygen and even blindness. Astronauts must 130 the spacecraft while enduring (忍受) these conditions. Wang improved her performance by doing 131 core-strength exercises every day and finally managed to reach the top level. Wang realized her space dream as part of the Shenzhou-10 mission. She was confident that the crew could fulfill this challenging mission. Meanwhile, to prepare for their 132 , Wang and her five-year-old daughter promised to focus on their respective (各自的) 133 . “I promised to 134 the stars for her. She wants to share them with her classmates,” Wang 135 . 121．A．influenced B．requested C．inspired D．reported 122．A．aircraft B．woman C．planet D．experiment 123．A．boring B．tough C．online D．proper 124．A．missions B．countries C．methods D．sections 125．A．loved B．respected C．titled D．selected 126．A．burst into B．show up C．set out D．brought in 127．A．takes off B．puts on C．jumps over D．rises up 128．A．firmly B．properly C．frequently D．gently 129．A．lack B．supply C．form D．release 130．A．ignore B．land C．board D．operate 131．A．mental B．basic C．additional D．similar 132．A．selection B．competition C．separation D．celebration 133．A．platform B．cause C．performance D．tasks 134．A．collect B．draw C．buy D．circle 135．A．sighed B．laughed C．yelled D．regretted （23-24高二下·江苏镇江·期末）When light snow began falling, the principal kept a careful eye on the approaching storm. It soon took on qualities of something more terrible. By midday he called the school buses back so the kids could get home safely 136 it was too late. My students gathered their belongings, and felt 137 to be going home early. Then the buses arrived. 138 , the storm suddenly became heavier and it was quickly clear that nobody was going anywhere any time soon. The original plan 139 . Over 300 children got 140 inside the school. As night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping, we began to feel 141 . What would we feed several hundred children for dinner? Where would they sleep? After every parent was 142 that their children were safe, people who lived close enough to 143 the bad weather were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people 144 to travel through the blinding snow, bringing bags of food and blankets. There wasn’t much food, but everything was shared, nobody got hungry and nobody 145 . When night fell, we worked out sleeping arrangements for the kids. 146 by the tension of the day, most of them fell asleep soon on the carpeted floors. 147 , the next morning we awoke to find the storm had stopped. With the roads now clear of snow, our students were soon safely on their way home, and all the staff breathed a sigh of 148 . What might have been a(n) 149 had instead resulted in strengthened 150 between the community and our school. 136．A．as B．when C．before D．after 137．A．disappointed B．honored C．astonished D．thrilled 138．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Otherwise 139．A．broke down B．broke through C．broke out D．broke in 140．A．engaged B．stuck C．caught D．abandoned 141．A．concerned B．confused C．annoyed D．bored 142．A．convinced B．promised C．informed D．reminded 143．A．avoid B．brave C．escape D．ignore 144．A．attempted B．tended C．managed D．happened 145．A．failed B．waited C．opposed D．complained 146．A．Exhausted B．Frightened C．Threatened D．Challenged 147．A．Surely B．Hopefully C．Thankfully D．Strangely 148．A．impatience B．relief C．regret D．surprise 149．A．accident B．intervention C．disaster D．adventure 150．A．feedbacks B．communications C．frictions D．bonds （21-22高一下·江苏常州·期中）It took humans thousands of years to understand our own planet, and centuries 151 our neighboring planets. Nowadays, new worlds are being 152 every week. Up to the present time, astronomers have 153 more than 370 “exoplanets”—planets orbiting (绕……运动) outer space stars (恒星) other than our sun. There is a “hot Saturn (土星)” 260 light-years from Earth that orbits its parent star so 154 that a year there lasts less than three days. 155 another star 150 light-years out is a burning “hot Jupiter (木星),” where upper atmosphere (大气层) is being burning to form a huge comet-like tail. Astronomers have found another three 156 orbiting a pulsar (脉冲星)—the remains of a once huge star shrinking (收缩) into a small atomic nucleus the 157 of a city. Some planets have obviously fallen into their suns. Others have been thrown out of their 158 to become “floaters” that float in the darkness of the universe. Among all these, scientists are eager to find a clue of the 159 : planets like the Earth. That is, planets orbiting their stars at just the right distance—neither too hot nor too cold—to 160 life as we know it. We have not yet found planets that are quite like our own, 161 because they’re inconspicuous (不起眼的). To see a planet as 162 and slim as ours among the brightness of its star is like trying to see a firefly in a fireworks display.   163 by pushing technology to the 164 , astronomers are rapidly approaching the day when they can find another Earth. And when they do, they can examine it for 165 of life. 151．A．explore B．separate C．forget D．defend 152．A．revised B．discovered C．saved D．created 153．A．travelled B．damaged C．recognized D．ignored 154．A．slowly B．easily C．wrongly D．rapidly 155．A．Removing B．Circling C．Lighting D．Showing 156．A．stars B．moons C．planets D．satellites 157．A．type B．distance C．power D．size 158．A．authorities B．species C．systems D．facilities 159．A．familiar B．previous C．unknown D．distant 160．A．hide B．discover C．injure D．support 161．A．luckily B．instantly C．probably D．officially 162．A．small B．bright C．blue D．clear 163．A．And B．Yet C．So D．Thus 164．A．limits B．ends C．opposites D．beginnings 165．A．examples B．designs C．means D．signs （24-25高二上·四川雅安·阶段练习）As an aerospace engineer, TV host, and author, Emily Calandrelli is devoted to inspiring and educating young people about the wonders of space. Now she is 166 for a major mission: a journey aboard an upcoming Blue Origin space flight. At 37 years old, Calandrelli is set to make a 167 as the first woman from West Virginia to travel to space. Growing up, she never 168 this would happen. Her family didn’t have much money, so she 169 to study engineering because she wanted a practical career with 170 stability. “While I wasn’t always the 171 kid in the room, I was usually the hardest one,” she recalled. Calandrelli 172 a bachelor’s degree in mechanical and aerospace engineering at West Virginia University before 173 her studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her career took a creative 174 when she became the host of the show Xploration Outer Space. She has also 175 nine books, including The complete Ada Lace Adventures. One of her goals is for kids to 176 themselves working in science fields. The Blue Origin flight, which does not yet have a 177 date, will send Calandrelli and five others into space for 12 minutes. She is excited to 178 Earth from beyond its atmosphere. Fewer than 100 women have been to space, and she is 179 to become one of them. “I feel a sense of 180 and joy to be part of that,” she said. 166．A．qualifying B．applying C．preparing D．paying 167．A．history B．sacrifice C．decision D．promise 168．A．doubted B．imagined C．realized D．wondered 169．A．intended B．volunteered C．hesitated D．managed 170．A．global B．mental C．social D．financial 171．A．richest B．smartest C．oldest D．nicest 172．A．favored B．missed C．lost D．earned 173．A．repeating B．considering C．advancing D．offering 174．A．share B．turn C．chance D．lead 175．A．donated B．advertised C．read D．authored 176．A．see B．keep C．make D．catch 177．A．return B．review C．launch D．service 178．A．appreciate B．recognize C．process D．preserve 179．A．promised B．motivated C．inspired D．honored 180．A．humour B．pride C．adventure D．purpose 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$